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w ~rA^ ~ ? OF THE LAWS. rmimctl tko considera* Mi heretofore offered by (whkb m but another ?me for its ,) ought to feel wider may otrilga my bowwebk^fHeed from* North k (Mr. Saunders,) for haying brought cct Involved wftVmolutian, to the rthe house, I hope 1*411 not weak en the very strong view which he hastahen in the argument, by presenting ft in a wmc ?what different light. I need not tell hini that, whilst I concur felly with hint in a belief of the existence of the evil of which he complaint,' that 1 will ?o*>p?rtte*Malou?lx whlt him in the effort to apply a salutary remedy. I I am happy to believe, sir, that it does not necessarily lay in the way of my argument, io indulge In any pcrspnal invcctlves against the Secretary of. State. There are many consideration* which would raahe such a eoursc unpleasant to me, even were 1 provo ked by the intemperate seal of his personal friends, some of whom, I should infer, con aider the discretion with which a friend is to be defended, as a matter of much lew account than the display of their own valor, in carry ing the war into the enemy's country. The argument is to be sustained by public consi derations, rather that) as a matter of perso nal crimination against that officer. ; ; With this view of the subject,' I will show that the Secretsw of State, by the force of 'circumstances, which formed a sort of moral destiny, Ms been induced to pursue the course which he h^s taken, in reference to the patronage of the public printing residing In his department! that this course has been the joint result of the condition of the admin istration itself, and from the improper and Irresponsible lodgement of the patronage wlifre it is. The condition of the admin istration (s, nothing inorcar less, than the si . tuation of an executive in a minority in the ' country. , And the whole evil may he traced hark, a6 ovo, to the election of a President by the house of representatives, who is not the choice of a majority of the people. Now, sir, in a government organised like our*, the slightest reflection must satisfy every one, that an administration thus cir cumstanced must sustain itself by the use of itf.patronage t that, having no strength in the confidence ami affection of the |>eoplc, it must endeavor to find the basis of its power in the use arid employment of that money, -which the ordinary and extraordinary func tions of government place at the dispose I of those who Administer it This is nhilosopbU eally true, and is susceptible of tnc most ri j;id demonstration. A minority administration must always live under the palsy of a miserable name, which disturbs the exerciser a sound judg ment and sagacious policy. They wdl be perpetually thinking, in all the great as well as subordinate movements of government, irathcr how their own existence is to be pre served, than how the public Interest is to be advanced. When a great measure of i?oli ey is to be brought forward, or even an mfe rtor appointment is to lie made, the first question'is, shall we gain by this/ What friends do we make/ What enemies propi tiate? The substantial nnd ultimate inter ? ev* y>f the country are matters of sccotularv ^Consideration. 'Y I do not nay that these considerations arc to'.Uly neglected. No, the love ol* |><?jmUri ? Att and even the natural sentiment of patri otwn that belong* to the human bosom, pre vent st his to a certain degree, but the in*tinct <4" self-preservation operating on all the feelings of cxcited pride, and a love for pow ur, arc calculated to produce precisely the mult I have predicated. These principle* ?re tllustnited by the history of such an ud nvnlstratton, from the moment of its birth to ^ the celebration of it* obsequies. *"v. You will find they will generally begin by endeavoring to cxcite the national pride and love of glory of the people by srfme splendid pageant, by which their martial renown or reputation for a great and singular benevo lence in the Cause of human freedom and Jtapplm'ss is to be promoted. These mea sures will be urged with -* mawkish sentk mentality, calculated to catch all those who arc infected with the fashionable cant of the dty* And will, above all, be prepared in such a manner as to excite party feeling, ami give a temporary triumph to fanaticism, and gul libility over sobriety and good sense. The next movement of stich an sdmims ' tratloc, should there be three parties in the country* one of superior forcc, or of nicely balanced strength with their own, ami a third Of inferior numbers, all their efforts will be made to conciliate this third party? hence their appointments will be cast even to the exclusion of their friends, in the ranks of this third party. You will find, whenever an office is to be filled, great hesitation and delay, a perfect survey of the whole ground, and vary often, after a procrastination great* ly prejudicial to the public interests, distin guished talents and long tried services arc wade to fiva way tothe authority of a catch word, and sometimeseveu a scalous, constant, and faithful friend is compelled to yield to a mushroom apostate that may have been pur chased but yesterday. If an administration, thus circumstanced* lias any patronage incident to the press* It will be sure to use it in a maimer best calcu lated to render the power of this mighty en gine subservient to their /ireuilqr nnd'jrr/w sive interests. This, however, is a matter ef great delicacy* and must be managed with consummate caution. The Lion must be mu*xkd before the noose is thrown round Ills neck. It will therefore be found that the process of Mibsidlsing new converts, nnd of proscribing stubborn and intractable in cumbents, Will be gradual* that the public mind may not be Alarmed by any sudden ami ?iolattt changes -that* in the gnod work* ? than speed, the most skill AMefc the their oeigiiud and innate weakness, suspect ed by their cuctuio^ and, sometimes even de iserted.by aomt, oft their friends, would W guilty of Midi suicidal Jfolly u to neglect the resource* of defence and warfare which this IMtrouage would place ut'their disposal? No, depend upon'it, the*? eighty-two presses would be put ou the diet of a wholesome re gimen, and in the cqurse ot a salutary disci pline. The sturdy and independent would be turntd out'to be fed on suctiuflalsastbey might be able to pick up. until the whole pack should open bi lull uM harmonious cry. In one common uote, from the sturdy mastiff that howls ?t the door of the Treasury, to the moat starvling turnspit that bark* on the ; farthest verge of our frontier?even to the | wilderness or our Indian solitudes. ' ' :I do not conceive it is necessary to present the revere of this picture; to shew what would be the policy and measures of an ad ministration In a majority in the country, because we have hod at least four M admin istrations of blessed mcmorv,'* during which the interest and honor of the country were consulted, without its being necessary for those who composed them to look to the ex istence or foutiuuaneo of their own power, as any thing else than a? the natural conse quent* e of the uTcctioi/ and confidence of the peojtlc. v . *1 We have ludtoo, minority administrations; the last two years of n short reign, totd the current four years of the present dynasty.? They both mul us instructive lessons, and arc prcgnat with a moral, which, if rightly usetf, It will not faQ to confer a more per fect security and stable duration to our'in stitutions. There was however, one circumstance I cannot overlook: which 1?. the fact that all our administration*, which turac and conti nued in power !?v a majority, seem to hnve paid little attention to what in Europe iscall ed the government pre**-?a term, the im- \ port of which, we ure beginning to under stund heir. They might well allow ?? thin chartered libertine," us it has been called, to take it* own way to a freedom Itorderlng on licentiousness: for they had us little to dreud from its censures as to expect from itsdi*: tempered ami venal praise. Let me not l?c understood us saying that an administration in u majority eau he trusted with a govern* mcr.t press: for it is the purpohe of my argu ment to shew thut it would be duugcrous in either cuntingeney. New necessities, however, result from new conjrcturcst aiul in the vernal bloom of our young republic, we find nn administration in power, to whom even the maxims of the Car dinal do Ki'tz, and the tart of Sir Robert VV'nlpole may not be useless acquisitions. Hut the deductions which 1 make from all that I have said, isbriefly this: that the abuses of which my firend from North Carolina complains, are inherent in the very condi tion of the administration, and the nature of the patronage placed v. here it is. The se cretary of Mate has used, this patronage as mi?st men probably would, placed in his si tuation, and urged by his necessities. He has felt that the administration waxed a war which admitted of no neutrals, and that they rcuuired Imtterics of perpetual intonation, aim which would fire upon the factious op position with the most lusty and unmitigated violence. Hut here au important question arrises? it to necessary to the harmonious action of the different branches of our government, that Che executive should have a govern ment press, to be paid for by the people out of the public coffers, to sustain the measures of the administration whether right or wrong? Disguise it us you will, this is pretty nearly tho inquiry we have to settle. For, if the Secretary of State can, by the exercise of an irresponsible discretion, mi apply the patron age of the government as to nourish in venal accord eighty-two presses in our country, to praise everv thing the administration should do, and subject their proprietor* to the pun ishment of the loss of this patnamge if they dure to censure its measures, this forms dis tinctly a government pre***, which is more alarming to the liberties of the people, than the organization of the whole of Crpn. Brown's army of six thousand men formed into a guard of the palace. Let me moreover *.?y, tltat a control of this kind over the prCs?, is more dangerous to our liberty titan ninst of the di^mas of the law of lihcl, expounded by the most subservient minion of power. The liberty of.the press is liable to abuse by a cor ruption of its purity, when bud public men aod bad public measures are praised. A ltd j when the government becomns the pay mas- i ter for these services, the evil is infinitely 1 augmented. For what are the services! which the press, under such circumstances, is expected to render as a return for the par- . tiul kindness of the government? Why to ! coverall theirApproacnesof arbitrary power;! to defend each measure of misrule and corrup-; tion;tofindcxcusrsamlApologiesforeveryact! of imbccility, although the interest am! lion- J or oi the country may be jeopardised by ig- ! nornuce, apnthy, or neglect; but above all,) to subject those who do not think " the ex- t istinij |H?werii" entitled to the confidence of! the people, to the most unsparing calumny j and abuse. If eighty-two presses ran be : made to s|/cak, its it were, in one voice, that all the government does U excellent, and all those wiio arc opposed to them say is false and factious, this constant,. combined, nnd concerted language will ioon htve a tendency to make those who hear little else, believe all this la true. N?.r do the pernicious con sequences of the venal praise of a distempcr | ed press stop here: those who govern, read almost exclusively, these sickly and pervert ed organ* of public opinion, and therefore, I want the wholesome chastisement, and salu tary bitter of a free press. It must therefore, be ot*k?* that there cannot well be a greater abuse of the presa, thft" ^ s?a? pie as their epp< ^ field, thi* tame cnicinc* luwl tor*. It their mtluurti juh nw wik> the) will triumph; If the contrary, tbey >ill be mh they ought to he, defeated. To avoid this consequence, ought the government to hn%e a mercenary1 squadron, to pervert that ?that it v improper to mute this m th a view of preventing the corrup tion otihe press, by Us being placed under the pecuniary censorship of tne government, are thrown on the tide of the wlhtiatlve ot thl? argument. Having discussed these preliminary con skleratlons, which involve the elementary principlea of the freedom of the press* be* tori 1 close, 1 must be permitted to make a | abort application of them to the resolution of my friend. Firat?lwlll ask, whether thereto lution Is founded oh a. reasonable probability . that, if the manner in which the secretary of ! state hasusedthepatronage of the public print j lngbelmiughtuut.it will establish the fact, that this patronage has bech perverted from its original purpose} snd secondly, whether the ; establishment of this fact may not be subset*? ilent to the application of an adequate reme y for the evil. % ? ? , The authority to designate printers who should be charged with tne publication of the laws, was rUen to the Secretary of State, 1 apprehend, more as a matter of convenience, thun as a nctessary function of executive power. It was supposed, that It might be Rufcly confided to his discretion, advised by the local Information of the representatives, who would be best determined, what papers, from their extensive circulation, were calcu lated to give the widest diffusion to the pub lic laws. That this power was so used, until the commencement of the present adminis tration, is true 1 believe, with few exceptions. Hut from the authority of facts of undeniable notoriety, the present Secretary of State has felt himself at liberty to disregard the infor mation of tho?.e who would be l?cst qualified to inform his judgment on the only point, which under the oojirct of the law. ought to Severn his selection of the paper* In which c public laws urc to be printed* to witi the comparative cxiensivencss of their circula tion and relative tocalit v. And it is asserted, that he lias avowed, tliat in effect, he con sider* it an incident of political power, which belongs to the existing administration, which he may exercise, by prescribing some press* cm, antl putting others under n penal proba tion for a limited period. Now, Sir, it is aside front the purposes of my argument to blame the Secretary tor this, because 1 have shown that it is the inevita ble result of the situation of the administra tion, mid mi unwise lodgement of this pat ronage. lint this docs not render uuncvcHsa rv the ascertainment of the fact in an official shape. It i* true, wo have it asserted in the fiublic prints on the authority of a series ot utters front nearly an entire delegation, in relation to the Imiiof this patronage by a print er in the State of N cw Hampshire, whose pa per, in that qusrter is one of incomparable circulation, and whose crime, of not bending the knee to the reigning house, is not atoned lor, even hy ? recollection of his incalculable services to the country, in upholding her in terest and bcr honor, at a moment when the calamities of a foreign war were aggravated by domestic discontent, if not defection. It lias also been asserted, that another pa* per, in an adjoining state, of similar charac ter, lias been deposed for similar causes. The last prominent instance* I shall leave to the geqtlenten front Kentucky to settle among themselves, to witi whether the de nial to the editor of the Kentucky Argus, of the privilcdgc to print the public laws, is to be justified on public considerations, or not. It I might l>c allowed tb premise a single re flection, I sltould say, that his proscription seems to wear the aspect ot a retributive jus tice which if was proper for the secretary of state to inflict on this editor, for having made his paper the vehicle of an uttjust and unfounded charge against Mr. Adams, of his having been willing to barter the navigation of the Mississippi, tor advantages hi the fish eries. Uut nil these un subordinate matters, in comparison with the great principle a stake. Has the Secretary of State attempted by the use <>f a discretionary power, applicable to but one consideration, to control the rttmf. ' ? 'v It seems that there is something inquisi torial, in asking a public officer for his rea sons for his public conduct; ami a gentleman, who on Saturday addressed the house (Mr, Buckuer) pushed this objection to such a captious and testy length, as to. avow, that the Secretary would regard It a* ail insult to have propounded this inquiry. Vow, Sir, I do not think that even Sir Anthony Absolute, or Sir Lucius OTrigger, would so consider it; with out, indeed, a man stands in the dilemma of having no reasons to give, or those happened to lie very bad ours. Hut my friend from North Carolina has modified his resolution, so as to make tht call on the Secretary applicable to his giving the cau?* which induced him to change the printers of the public laws m the several states. Now causes in the use thus made i of the term, is a word of Identical import, with facts which we surely have a right to | require. ftven if the word " reasons for the change* had lieen retained, the administration ought to be the last persons in the world to com plain of this requirement; For altlio' they may decline giving reasons on compulsion, we sll know they are willing enough to give them when they are neither asked nor ex pected. Sir, the administration*as begot in rea son, bom in reason, it liaamed in reason, and is the most reasonable anflh?wnlng govern ment under the sun. It was beget because a distinguished statesman and patriot could net. in reason, bear the elected of * roil** the folly to venture to i Uuit uy Uttle inaccuracies that may 1 crept into the geatlemanNi ana), will be cor reeled by thc pcouli 011 or *boi|t Dc?tmbcr9 But to retumei the President, en the birth d?y of the administration, Mssigncd his sons why he ought not, and why he should accept the trust His first message was chat**! to the muftale with reau*i? which made such a tremendeous explosion, that he wits Mown "sky high** In the ancient doroin on by the recoO. ?' Even the first budget el the chancellor of thq exchequer, leaving the dry and beaten path of arithmetic and statistics, waa filled with reasoMa and poetry fat along homily in favor of prohibition and restriction. Nor will it be forgotten that, during the pendency of the memorable Panama Msslon In the sfen ute, a resolution: offered by myaclt, which called for the information on which the Pre sident has founded his acceptance of the In vitation to that Congress, produced "an ar gumentative exposition,'' of his reasons of such amplitude, variety, and comprehension, as would have suited any mission that had ever been projected under the sun, whether on the utrtace of the earth, or to a distant planet As the administration are, therefore, blest with the most teeming fecundity in the pro duction of reasons to suit any exigency, tneir friends ought surely not to object to the call. ? If the secretary responds to the call thus made, and avows the causes for the changes in the public printing to be those which have been imputed, then we have a fact which la material to the Issue, Touched by the high est authority) and it will be our duty to apply the remcd) to an evil of increasing atyl per* nicious magnitude. But, without thts infor mation in an authoritative shape, wo might well be stouped in the progress of any legis- I lotion tlie subject by a demiuMl tor the | warrunt and proof of the facts on which this | very legislation is to be founded. As subsidiary to the object of the movers ot this resolution, I shall, in the progress of the discussion, offer an amendment, with the view of enabling us to form a Just notion of the extent of tne patronage of the Govern ment, which is brought to bear on the press, by calling on the proper Department for the I atnotJit annually paid f which, speaking from ? mere coujecture, I should think was little i short of sixty oi seventy thousand dollars) for advertisements ant! Job nrintinjj, the in- J variable incident to the appointment ofpnnt- i ing the public laws. -- ? I Anil, sir, after Retting this information, is the inquiry to end in the gratification of au j idle or niclevolent curiosity? ltnist n?4.?f 1 know my honorable friend too well not to t\ know tluit he will, to the letter, redeem his | pl'dge. Hut, should any circumstance pre vent his doing it, 1 promise to submit to the Mouse a definite and practicable mode of disposing of this patronage, by which the public convenience shall be met, und the press secured from the degrading thraldom with which it is threatened. I care not hy whom the duties of the Department of State may be administered; it is wrong in princi ple, and dangerous in expediency, that this uatronage should luive Us residence there. My purpose will be to co-operate in placing it in thohands of those who are immediately responsible to the Peoples who, In the exer cise of this patronage shall be under a local responsibility for the (mrity and disinterest edness of this trust i who .will not abuse It, because tBey cannot, dare not, do it Let no man accuse me of having uttered a libel against tins press of my country. I know the services it has rendered, t know that its general tone is lolty and indejiendent, and that there are itiany of Its proprietors who arc yet tolerated by the compromising cen sorship of the Department ot State, wh<> would scorn to purchase its favor by wearing the livery of servitude. I made war on the system, Mfton Individuals: on akystcm thut is calculated to sap the vigor, degrade the independence, and enfeeble the vigilance of these sentinels on the wntchtower of liberty ;| whose beacon-lights must bluxe with pure and undying lustre. When Mr. Hamilton concluded? The ii/nvker arrested the debate, the time allotted for the consideration of tcsolu tions having expired. War btlwten the U. Statu and Georgia! The Georgia Statesman of the. 10th inst.| printed at Milled geville, after some severe strictures upon the hoatlle course pursued by Governor Tnour, adds .. '?We stop tha pre*s to announce petitntly, that his Eaoalleoey the Qovereor, nt the uflb-isT ehar-l seter of ta Chief of tha Armyaodl Nsvv of this atata," lias bid d'Jfance to the I'resi JmiIi iuUntfont and measures relative ta th? Crwlc ftwlroiwjr, *wd has stfaally ordered oat "the <Mh sail 7th IN visions of (hofjii Militia. to repel soy hostile invasion of the 'Amleiy of this tttate"?atturiof them that depots ?>f arms aad ammunition will bt MihlUwd in ilea time. The Georgia Journal of the J0U> say s? " If Mr. A(Umi sepposas l?? eaa intimidate the authorities af this 8tnlf, by threatening litem with the military force of 11 to IJnmn, ha is vary much io arrur, *? he will distinctly sae by the following letter aad orders of ftovetitar Tioap. Georgia ?lo?? not vale* a straw, eilhar Mr. Adoau or his haadful of regular troops, when thay undertake *elieass aaaothor.red by law, or. lira r?Mi*t?taii..nJ as in tha present in'Uor*. Aad wa should likel to sae him altomot to make s levy of the aiilitia of any of ilia sdjoiuingMetee, M a ?imiler pur* pusa. Ut him try fbul li lia cbouees.'' ? * > baos<iv? ntMrlmart.d'iMk, I .1t<iu4A~w*, 17thf.b. itrrf| Pi a?I reeeiesd this afternoon from Lieutenant Viatuw, yoar latter of tha Mtk alt. aud read witli-l ia the same finer, Iwth K aad the aopy of it a# poMMied in the ftsltoaal ImelltKeuoer of the 7tl? art. No room wm left (? mirtak* tba ?n?niug?f this dapatoh ?-Lteuieoant' Vmtoe aoeoetttad hiSNSlf ia aolatrodoetory iH>ta,?e?fpy *4 wkMi .1 "??? "p| unu wr nr "ST* ?Ma, or* >jraa?Mljr?? thi iandm, tad more, tbf Uobliftbiaf nllita of lb? Mfi|? * ?lact UI olVr tl (o einjr 1st* iflfcl, ? ?otttrvnl.M la tor yMioatrooij coaoladtd ?l II cUautlMkof Wh??ht um Proid?at, 1 kit* Um , oUim |irrlri?o<-? vf tilt utw.aml llvt ' riihii m*( |?nWi lit* oty.trtaijr, Ilk* gt*a4. ba? pfafrtwcoaf Ikn ??*. ,*** Y?* hav? d*emod H wmmary to1 NfHj ?.l l.itut. Viuhw.tu i?|>uMep > _S? # * a ? 4 JUUi-tloA Of p^yPniM roar ordm, wfcikt you csuto to * Waabiagtoa tho vtrjr iotfri tboM oru4W Mil Mkua Unit ver jrour Uitpntch. You m lh? |*opU of Otorgta 4 StatM, ?axag*l ia'Uw ful <lutiM h?ri onIf to lUl>D,tofind llMMMftf ,... Georgia, u under IK* Hi* of tho WMhiagtoa 1 bev? Um boaoar to bo jaarobodtoat anwt, O.M. TftOUP. Hoo. Jamb* lUnooun, ? Stcretar^ ?fWmr. Exrconva Dnaraut. Geo. | MtJl*dgniik, 17tA, b\b. IW7. 1 ORDERED, That lb* Attorney *ad Solicitor* General of this state, ia ?wy iattuiM (f Mi*' plaint mnJo of Um arre?t of ?ny turveyor, rip (?a ia th* wrrt; of lbfliUKq?i??d territory, by ?i.y civil pruoem. under tbf authority of tha go vernment of Um United States Ho take ill torn, eery and legal ?e?mre?lo efleot lb* liberation <4* the person to arretted, and (A britf fo Jwtic#, eiiht r by iadiMBMHit or otherwise, the oflUert of ! parties concerned in such *rr*?to|ioo, m oJ!c*der* *g*ioHth* low?, *sJ violators of the peace and personal Mouritf of the public oflksra awl citixens of thb ?utj. Thai thai viva professional adviwa and a**ittance in thair defence against any pcuee cation or acliun which may be iaetitated agaiutt them a* officer* ia the xnrica ofthe ?t*tr, nod <h*t they promptly make known Io Uua departaiaat their act! lud doings in tba premiae*. hit aor* over enjoined on the rlvil mttghlrates of thii ststr? having competent Jarmhctionof tha saase, to ba aiding awl aniiting ia enquiriag into "the o*tts* of every such arrest or detention aa aforesaid, that the person may be discharged forthwith, if ille gally or unjcutly detained, aad ia affording such redrew to the aggrieved or iajared party at by law ho may b# oat Wed to reaoivo. By the Governor, ,? E. II. PIERCE, See. Febfaary 10 ? iieaTTquarters, > ' MiUutgnUU, 17<A At IW-1. Ordert,?The .M^o. Generals commanding th? 9th aad 9th Divisions will immediately Maae or dera to bold ia realhim the several Regiment* and Battalion* within their respeetiva aemmandr, to rvpal any hostile invasion of the tesritoty Of thia ?tata. -Depot* of vaa a?d ammunition can. tral to eaeh DivUion will W >X>Wllhfcl la dua time. By the Commander in Chief. JOHN W. A.SANDFORD, . .lUtoCvmp. February 90. ^ i Climate, dfc. of Canada?Neilson's Que bcc Gaaettc, contains nn interesting statisti cal statement of fauts relative to the elimato of Canada, aa judged o^ by the comparative number of births, burial*, fa. in Quebec, Taking the population of that city at 00(986, the death* in l'.3d were 1343, which b a* one jfdeath in every sixteen persons, Bui allowing an average during the year of 6000 ?tailors, soldier*, raftsmen, Jcc. the number of aoul* niay be rated at 3d,3Mi or ?n death In every twenty-one persona: The number of deaths in Boston, In 1?9J, was one la lAJr ty-Jtve, and in New-York, one ia tktrty three. "This comparison, (adds the Qa* cette) without there la some great error In. the returns of the population or the Mghturf of deaths, give* but a sorry vie w of the supe rior hciUthfulness of our climate, to often boasted of) for Jt shew* thai; the demit, t in Quebec, and firpbably In the large tow>*e / Canada generally, exceed thoie in the targm town? of the tnidaU and northern Hate*, by full fify fier cent. This i*,%br every two three in <^<tna4a. Whetherthb (uK be the case) is to lie attributed to bur climate or to accidental cause* ia worth inquiring and would be a subject of intere*tingrand profita ble Study. The extreme* of heat and eold, which tfte human frame is exposed to here, both from the chancea of the temperature* of the atmo*phere Ttaclf, and front that b?. our house*, to the external air In winter, matt be greatly Injurious to life. The air of', our houses, is raised in winter, almost con stantly by warm stove*, to between TO and 95 degree* of Fahrenheit, white that of tha^ atmosphere is often at 32 degrees bclomr freezing, a difference, on an average of its degrees. To this chungc, moat of us, in the winter months, are exposed, once or twice a day, and it would lie surprising indeed, if by such repeated shocks, the duration of life was not shoitencd, or life itself often cat off at once " Mitt'jnal Gazette. mend to pom {Main that the time of tha Ifxyie I* wasted In the discuudon ot f?en. Haqndera' reaolutkm) yet, instead of taiyiiK oiTWa t?loi<t vote, oficn. mittingit tojpats, tlitt tbeHccretary of HteCtt may giv<; hi* Own reason* for his conduct, they are commmlug the time" of the hou*e in long sjx trCbes, to ptove i will of the Heeretar^ hi bej I