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* SIMMONS DEtBES MANY CHARGES 4 Washington, Oct. ^2/?Sweeping denial of charges that the Ku, Klux Klan contained Within its tanks $ lawless band of/ hooded hoodlums made before a house committee today by William J. Simmons of Atlanta, its founder and imperial wizard.' Turning squarely upon members who had listened intently for nearly # two hours to a dramatic defense of the organization, Simmons declared that "Standing here in the presence of God," he wanted the world to know that if one thousandth part of the charges were true he would -forth with call together the grand concilium of the klan for the purpose of forev^i disbanding it in every section of the United States. Called late in the day after-a truth-, ber of negro witnesses ffom Bostoi. and Chicago had ' urged a congressional inquiry of the klan, the hp , perial wizard, first ashing to be swoxa, told the - committee' tyib hta^ welcomes the investigation, tested against by cdmmjtteemer spJ&V;, ^jeciaily-jWith "reference to publish# reports ex Various - acta of vandalism u to kUn- ' 'i "Sphere, is ?o room in our. organiza tion for those who take the law inljjF. their hands," he declare*!,Ranging*^h*' ttble. "We have been cntorg^ with everything from the wa igfc . prices to the sweeping boll Weevil. been charged thgt om* primary aim wn^ intimidation of ,W- thf^legro to the SkJuth, but it mifctf. surprise thit committee to know tba< j " . tie growth df, the Tin Kl,ux Klan i\ar 4 been" greater m the North and the ' jtei _.L 11. f.' iU . D...1L " $he Klan could no'. "i^fore.God, I have - never* signed, any Instructions that could be coli > atrued or carted out a '? a yjolatior V **# Htttejftjpssr1*1111' 'iij,?"r d|laiW* i Irti' 4. erate or teach lawlessness; instead we preach respect for the law." At times there was intense quiet in the room and at one of these moments the witness, rapping the table, declared that no man could charge dis\ " order in any city where the klan was well organized. The klan, the witness testified, is conducting an investigation of its own into charges against Edward Young Clarke, imperial kleagle and head of the propagation bureau, and Mrs. Elizabeth Tyler, his assistant and will issue art official statemen' when it comes into possession of all the facts. Mr. Simmons also stated that wher the charges were first made Clarke ar.d Mrs. Tyler presented their res ignations, to be acted upon after full opportunity has been given for a thorough sifting. The revocation of charters at Pen-* sacola, F!a., and Mobile, Ala., was ordered by the klari. Mr. Simmons testified, after it had been found thai persons purporting to be member? had violated its best traditions. Al Pensacola three men wearing robe^ ordered a Greek to leave the city, but it never was established, he said, that they were klansmen and the chater was restored on assurance by local of fleers that they would keep up a relentless fight to find the offenders. The Mobile incident, Mr. Simmons continued ,was due "to the silly action of a member," who "imagined he had the power of Napoleon" and posted klan warnings "to bootlegger? and others" that the organization was \ preparing to clean up the town. The notice was signed, he said, "by a man who had no sense." Discussing charges of violence on the part of the alleged klansmen, Mr. Simmons declared that when a member took the law into his own hands he automatically was dropped from the organization. "And I have never yet failed," he added, "to turn over to the local authorities if I had it any evidence needed to bring about a conviction. I have been doing a 1 i. J inillKS in tutti/ uutctiuu ttnu jiv man living can say that I personally or as ^ head of the klan ever attempted to shield a criminal. A member's oath requires him to uphold the law. The ritual about which so many slanderous things have t>een said is copyrighted and filed these five years in the* library of congress. Surely it would not have been put then under the eye of the government if we had jU anything to conceal. There is nothing in it but love of country end pure Americanism." "The World is the stronghold of the Democratic newspaper and the Demo cratic party and it has been said by those in position to know that if The World could by shrewd propaganda and untruthful slanders, force a Republican congress and administration to throlle or destroy a purely loyal , American Protestant fraternal organisation as the Ku Klux Klan, that its nundreds of thousands of members, V , ROEBUCK MAN 1 FOUND GUILTY ; v*'. i < Greenville, S. C., Oct, 13.?The fed- , k?tal cotirt jury returned * verdict of : 'guilty in the Maun Act violation I against 3Dr. J. Franklin Williams of < Rbebuck^and Mrs. Maude MqAbee of .] Woodruff: William* was fined ? 1,000 1 *ahd sagrte ficed to 86 months. 1 Tlje wo-1 !ttan Was sentenced one year and one y :}, Kitchin in Hospital / ' .. f;. . ' r--v. Jk C Albany/, N. Y., Oct. 12.?Reprcsen- I .tativa Claude Kitchui ^f North Carolina is in;a hospital jtfre recovering . trcun an operation for vertigo which *J he underwent seyetai days ago, it vvas learned tonight. j Representative' KJt^tin has suffer * he gardfen mansion. C. t^fSvcgjcf Ha^tie, qfwner'of tbeAgttdei^A?K^ . specimen temporarily mounted on. ex J hibition j today. , It will probatt^ !><> ; presented to tHe ^^leaton rn^um' ^ Snow, assistant cashier ofS^ttth-. \ Washington, Oct. 13.?The funeral l services of Senator Knox will be held -i at St. John's Episcopal church here tomorrow and in the Valley Forge i Memorial Chapel. On Saturday the body will be interred in the chapel, i Officials in all quarters mourned the death and the capital flags will be at i half mast for 30 days. i S. C. Bank Gets Loan Washington, Oct. 13.?The War Finance Corporation has approved the ?100,000 loan to a South Carolina bank for agricultural loans. Receiver to be Appointed Henderson, N. C., Oct. 13.?The . council petitioned the .superior court to appoint a receiver for a privately owned . water company which admits being unable to care for the needs in a drought emergency. Rawlins to be ? Tried for Murder Jacksonville, Oct. 13.?Fra nk Raw'ins went on trial charged with the murder of George Hickman, the theLer manager. Ku Klux Klan Investigated Washington^ Oct. 13.?-The house rules committee resumed investigation of the Ku Klux Klan and is expecting to glean further details from the founder, William J. Simmons of Atlanta, the Imperial Wizard. Discussion to be Completed Washington, Oct. 13.?Tlie national conference of the unemplo yed is expected to complete discussion of the country's economic problems and appoint a permanent committee to coordinate operation of the measures adopted. friends and those who think as he does the klan would at the polls years from now forget party lines and preference and vote the Democratic ticke t. Referring to attacks on the klan by Hearst newspapers, Mr. Simmons, turning toward C. Anderson Wright, a former Klansman, who wrote a series of articles about the organization said: "Just .as Judas betrayed Christ for 30 pieces of silver so there was found by the Hearst paper CL Anderson Wright, a former klansman, who for money betrayed hia oath. My information is that the Hearst papers paid this man $6,000 cash and $100 a week as long as he worked on the stories and also agreed to protect him from any damage suits and other legal action resulting from his libelous stories the stories being false fnotu start to finish." ' } - ' 1 ' aoya, girls and women, are tfjrgqd ta ^ The^rogram ia as ^ mE Song, "America." , - ' Invocation?Dr. Ream*. H Piano ?olo?Miss Louise '^Crc?U^><|f^ Recitation?Miss Thelpia Address of w^]com*^C^lt. ?T. Piano and tfc^^fbe Union to see these exhibits. I ^ Bi^brfe at'-Coleraine^ and \Vest 'T ilWfey girls and Woliatn Mvo not . die all summer. . Th&V exhibjthTj were placed in tmhqpne^f Mr. W. J Smith. The pAhJSjfcy supply was splen' iid?firactically gN^hjrthing thatf grow* n gardens and^prclvar'ds Were canned. rhe ladies and girls ?vt Coleraine do * IpSrve mtlch credit for the work that f H0y ai\J ;ege "uibt summery and, she has taught n rtheim iii:fc*r egafctfiity to make jc<- ^ ly. Misg. Pe^^'Horrkins claims th? knnn.nf rnalnMA tVia Vioaf anrta Vila. There wore sor?^^ * relics, among them was a perforated card board motto made by Mr. Hop- 1 kins' mother in 1840: also a watch 1 ' i chain made of hair in 1845, a claw hammer made by Miss Nelle Smith's f great-great-great-grandfather in 1G24 c ?two hand-woven spreads 75 years * old, a China sugar bought 100 years c ago, and a small boys' waist beautifully made by Mrs. J. M. Harrison's 1 grandmother 50 years ago. This waist * was tucked by hand. The stitches sur- A passed any machine stitching. Thp girls' and women's exhibits at J West Springs school house were judged next. The club girls had beautiful sewing and canning exhibits. As the work of that club is based on sewing, the articles placed oh exhibition i showed the progress that they have made this year from lesson to lesson. It was perfectly splendid but special mention should be made of Miss Forest Lawson's work. She had 11 arti- i cles in the exhibit from her first les- ] son, a single sewing bag, up to a | beautiful applique dress. * 1 The club girls' canned products were good. Miss Kate Whitehead's < exhibit was beautiful and Miss Mary j Sue Holcomb deserves special mention for her beautiful display of jelly, i The ladies' pantry supply was also J very good. They showed they were < not idle during the fruit and vegetable season. ' ; It was unanimously agreed by the 1 judges that their garden and orchard displays were the best that have been : shown yet. They had fresh squash, radishes, tomatoes, pimento, egg plant, onions, cabbage, turnips, mustard, lettuce, Irish and sweet potatoes, peaches, grapes, pears, pomegranates, etc. These were beautifully arranged in baskets and tray:;, \5hich made them very attractive. The fancy work was beautiful and welf arranged. The crochet and tatting of Miss May Miller could not b? surpassed at the state fair. She had 17 articles that were beautifully made. There were three dresses mad3 by Miss Frieda Chaplin that deserve special mention. They would do credit to the best seamstress in the state. The relics were interesting as well ? *- nni??? ?- ? kuwAAti as ancient, mere was a uun-uu ovou made by Mrs. Melissa McArthur in 1849. Mrs. McArthur picked and ginned the cotton by hand, carded, spun and wove the material. Thii scarf is now owned by Mrs. Thrr.W!" Posey. There were a counterpane and quilt that was made by Mrs. Vivian H. Graham's great-grandmother over 100 years ^go. She also inherited a platter from her. This China platter is 125 years old. It is well preserved and beautiful. It is decorated with King Cotton, showing every stage of development from the square to the fluffy cotton. Mrs. W. J. Bctsill had a platter that was equally as inter* esting. It was bought in 1836. There were other relics too numerous to mention. Enough cannot be said about Colernine and West Springs for these : . i ^Wa^hin^on, suif^rthorn localitics^^^thv beltj bu rovinpr slighter >8SBr?xptvt<-d. Conditions WtW^BBprable for c ? iff tpbacco, excep^jRit it some Iw ttfot ir) .th t^| (pfinia- district. I *, jjtyits continue I , rranRHn fe. Laie Memorial a open the Frank*;K. Lane me ioriftl fond tot'.the.wublic is an ? ounced by the conuyttee. } >ardis School";*' t " 0ct 17tb \ atrdia school ttpy Monday, Oct. $ Mra^^^rthtrf Hmikins is princi- I ial and Mjtid AftgetfJ JJelue is assist 1 mt. Ppptls ^re pfdld to be presenor enrollmen^^^^^open in g day. 1 o ship 11 hogs' belonging to Sard is varm to Atlanta to be shown at the ] National Hog and Cattle Show Oct ] 3 to 23. The Carolina Remedies Co. igrees topay all expenses and tf j arry the insurance policy on the t logs, and if the hogs win prizes, the j ompany will get the reward. J. B. Becknell and his son, James < ire in charge of the herd. The 11 logs left Union on October 11, and vere beauties. It is thought they vill take the prizes at the shows in i Atlanta. Sardis Sunday school at 2:30 p. m. Preaching at 3:30 p. m. by Rev. ] r. B. Chick. You are invited. PERSONAL MENTION Mrs. J. B. Becknell is in Atlanta, .vhcre she is in charge of the Carolina Remedies Co.'s exhibit in the National Hog and Cattle Shows in Atanta. Mrs. B. M. Becknell of Sardis is visiting in Atlanta this week and attending the Southeastern Fair. Mrs. J. P. Belue of Spartanburg returned to her home yesterday after a. few days' visit to relatives in this nty. Mrs. J. R. Porter and family left yesterday for Lancaster, where they expect to reside in the future. Mrs. Clarke Garner left this week for Pendleton to attend the EvansAustin marriage. Miss Lizzie Gaillard, a member of the faculty at the deaf school, Cedar Springs, returned there after spending a week in the city. Mrs. Jacob Colnm of Spartanburg is shopping in the city today. Mr. and Mrs. Emslie Nicholson and Miss Dorothy Nicholson will return home tomorrow after a delightful Western trip. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Bishop and 1U?U ,l? , W.V, ? ??. T>?,. t .. O . _ utuc uau^iuui ui jvuuic 6 <uu ciiiiuii;j; the shoppers in Union today. W. H. Jeter of Carlisle was a business visitor in the city today. Today's Cotton Market New York Open Close January 19.10 18.89 March 18.90 18.67 May 18.57 18.26 ia rn ia n iy.??u 1y.11 December 19.46 19.15 N. Y. Spots 19.55 ' Local market 19.50 BUILDING MUST COME DOWN There was an old; woman who lived in a shoe, 'Twas the best home she could hire; "Bue dear me," said she, "if leather keeps up This hire will constantly go higher." ?Cartoons Magazine. wonderful exhibits. Also for their interest and hearty cooperation. II ALL NOT FOCET ffQDDROW WILSON . # By Hugh W. Roberts. 'Washington, Oct. 12.?The people f the United States who gather in Washington November 11 to witness be interment of the unknown Ame ;an hero from the fields of Flanders nd to note the-first formal sitting f the conference for the limitation* f armament will no? permit Word ow Wilson to be forgotton or even 3 go unsung. ' From what is reported today, a ast throng following the intcrmen* f the soldier a throng of Democrats nd Republicans and non-partisans epresenting every state of the un'on rill visit tho Wilson home on S trect. It is understood that some in ividual, prefei-ably of non-partisan tatus will adress the former pres lent and remind him that the dav i the aninversary of the cessa'ior f hostilities between the allies and be central European powers and tha t is essential to the proper celebra ion of the day that he be given hj hare of the honors. Much, of course .'ill be said of Wilson's effort te stablish a league of nations, and or be Itepub'ican senators, who hrough political reasons or oth-r rise, "broke the heart of the world." It is regarded as prob-'b'e 'hat the ormer president will make reply be representation of his friends. Th lans, ho\rever_ have taken no shape s yet. Delegates to Spartanburg The following wom'on have been inited by the Salvation Army to go to Spartanburg Sunday, October lGth, to icar Miss Evangeline Booth's 'address it Converse college. This is a ran reat and the delegation from Unior s looking forward to the trip with nuch pleasure Mrs. Ida Baker, Mrs. John R ilathis, Mrs. W. W. Cooper, Mrs. W. X Harris, Miss Minqie Gregory, Mrs "ttie Boyd. Mrs. B. L. Berry, Mrs. ?elix Goudelock, Mrs. II. B. Jcnlings, Miss Blanch Garner, Mrs. II. V. [ "rierson, Mrs. Davis Jeffries, Mrs. 3elle Holcomb, Mrs Dan Mullinax Miss Jessie Hawkins, Mrs. J. II. Blan;6h, -'2SSn ^mifh, Mrs. C. E. Storm, liffs. T. A Murrah, Mrs. J. D. Arthur, Mrs. B. 3. Culp. Please meet at the high school auilding promptly at 4:30 where the :-ars will be waiting to convey the jarty to Spartanburg, where a lunch .vill be served before going to the Converse auditorium at 7:30. Pcarle Harris, Chairman Woman's Division. High Army Officers Reduced to Sad Plight Berlin, Oct. 12.?The financial plight of some former high army ofli .->rs, who, deprived of government pay which was their only income, hav< been reduced to straitened circumstances has caused a movement among fi rmer soldiers to help them by donations of sum rantrincr from live to 1( marks. Only a few of the needy o(Ti cers, however, have consent\ 1 to accept such charity. Former Field Marshal Conrad von Iloetzendorf do dining a donation of 4,000 marks wrote: "I am not complaining, and feel I have little cause to complain, when 1 think of the many wounded men wh< have even less than I. This money should go to help them." Von Iloetzendorf and his wife are living at Innsbruck, occupying a sma!. room in which their meajs are pre pared on an electric stove. The former eld marshal's income amounts to less than 1,200 German marks month ly. Many former high officers have been compelled to leave Germany foi Austria and Poland, where their German marks have a greater purchasing power. Others have taken low salaried positions in the German provinces where the cost of living is low. Considerable sympathy for these men recently has been manifest even in liberal, socialist, radical and antimonarehistic quarters, and the newspapers have been advertising the seriousness or rneir situation. E. F. KELLY DEAD News came to us just as we are going to press of the death of Mr. E. F. Kelly, at his home in Jonesville. He died at 2:30 o'clock this afternoon, and after a lingering illness. Funeral arrangements have not yet been made. Shipping Depot for Polo Ponies Midland , Texas, Oct. 13.?This "cow-town," equidistant from El Paso and Fort Worth, also claims to be a polo pony town. It is said to be the greatest shipping depot foi polo ponies in the United States. Figures submitted by men in the pony raising business to prove it. % , GEORGIA WOMAN IS ACQUITTED Albany, Ga., Oct 12^?Mrs. Benny Hudson was acquitted by a jury here .oday of the murder of her two children. Mrs. Hudson was indicted jointly with her husoand, Glenn Moorre Hudson, and he was convicted of the crime last week and sentenced to be hanged November 18. Hearing on his appea for a new trial has been set for No vember 11. The jury took Mrs. Hudson's cas< at 11:30 o'clock this morning and th defendant leaned forward expectantl; as the jurors filed in at 3:10 o'cloel this afternoon. She showed little emo tion at the verdict but smilingl; thanked each juror. Judge R. C .Bel congratulated her on tlfe able defens arguments by the counsel the cour. :iad appointed for her. The woma said she had no blood relatives bu. commenting on her frank story of he life, which she bared in court, she declared today she would "live right" i. the future. The children, stepsons of Hudsor were shot to death at the Hudso farm near here last July, accordin to testimony at the trial, after thei mother had quarreled with Hudso: because they were not being properl fed and clothed. She told the jur that Hudson killed them and threat j cned her life :f she told, and she als recited alleged beatings of herself an. the boys by Hudson and declared h would curse them when they beggei for food. nn tVi n Aflinr fr\ 1/ Sheriff Tarver his wife killed the chil dren but when he went on the stanc he did not attempt to say who com mitted the crime, merely asserting hi innocence. Georgia la at prohibits husband an; wife testifying against each other, s> neither appeared at the other's trial Eastern Star Benefit Frida> The Eastern Star chapter ladies ar< planning a most interesting progran consisting of all kinds of good thing to eat, along with amusements tha ' will be a treat to all who are so for i-unate as to be there. There will be all kinds of gopd thing? to eat. Chick *oh'' MM ' ake, candy and ice cream. Everything will be sold at a most reason able price, and everything will bo cooked by experts. The Silhouette Hall will contain pic tures of about 50 of Union's most at tractive ladies. No man's picture wil be allowed tp "mar'' the beauty oi his hall, yet all men are expected t( enter the "Hall of Fame" and gazpon the attractive Silhouettes of hi: best ladv friend, wife, sister, mother. ;unt, or mother-in-law. Just thini what you would miss not to pro an< see this wonderful display of Si houettes and the admission is onl cents. The man, lady or chile Miessing the names of these ladier who posed for the pictures, shall re ' ive a lovely box of home-made can dy. The Room of Mysteries will consis: of a fortune teller and various othe mysterious things, of which the write s not familiar and won't know unti he or she enters therein. You can not i.Tord to miss this entertainment anc the hours are from 4 to 10 Friday (to morrow) at the Chamber of Com merce. British and Sinn Feiners Adjourn London, Oct. 13.?The British cab IneL and Sinn Feiners adjourned after conferring 90 minutes. Michael Collins, the Sinn Fein finance minister and commander of republican armyaid, "We are not coming back.' Arthur Griffith, the Sinn Fein foreigr minister, heading the delegation, saio "We are coming back at 11 o'clocl tomorrow." Miners Must Resume Work Pittsburg, Kansas, Oct. 13.?Th< District United Mine Workers hav< been suspended by John Laws, inter national president. Alexander Howa and all other district officers are re moved. George Peck has been ap pointed acting president of the pro visional district, and declared the min ers must resume work. Twelve Witnesses Heard Yesterdaj Waco, Texas, Oct. 12.?Twelve wit nesses were examined during he ses sion of the McLennon coun.y g.an jury investigation of the fight at Lc rena near here October 1 when Shei iff Buchanan attempted to nalt a K KIux parade, in which ten men wer wounded, one of whom died later. Stress on the oath of secrecy ws i laid by District Judge R. I. Munrr in his charge to the grand jury whr was instructed to investigate the a fair "thoroughly vjithout fear or ft Ivor" and to "fix the blame where properly belongs." He expres?ecf tl belief that more than 100 witness* would be questioned. SENATOR fM f i DIES AT CAPITAL .. ~ .. . Washington, "Oct. 12.?-Philander Chase Knox, senator from Pennsyl\ania and secretary of state under. President Taft, died suddenly at 6:80 o'clock this evening at his home here. He was stricken with paralysis after descending the stairway on his way to the dining room for dinner and passed away 15 minutes later without regaining consciousness. Mrs. Knox and the senator's sepretary, W. F. Martin, were near the senator and hurried to his aid. Dr, Samlel Adams was summoned nrifiodiately, but he found Mr. Knox beyond medical aid. . t Senator Knox returned to Washington only last Monday night from .rip to Europe with Mrs. Knox and O attended the sessioiyi of the senate yesterday and today. Leaving he chamber about 5 o'clock this afernoon the senator took an autoos^>ile ride through Potomac park ayw* topped on his way home to purchase ickets for a theatrical performance onight. Reaching home, the senator vent to his library where he remained until summoned to dinner. President Harding, Chief Justice raft, Senator Lodge of Massachusetts, the Republican leader; Sena'or 'enrose of Pennsylvania and other friends and close associates of Mr. vnox were soon notified of the senior's death. The nems came as a shock to all official Washington, for ne senator, through his services as ittomey general under President McXinley and Roosevelt, and later as ittorney general under President raft, had a wide circle of friends in all walks of public life, congressional iiplomatic and legal. Arrangements for the funeral will je made after the arrival in Washngton of Senator Knox's sons, Reid wnox of Valley Forge, Pa., and Hugh. ]. Knox, of Stratford, Pa., and daughor M rq .Tnmna I? Tinrlall rv-P Va&lniv Forge. A third son, Philander Chasa Knox, Jr., resides in Washington. The senate will meet tomorrow and adjourn out of respect to. the late senator and with the house will name a committee to attend tho funeral. Senator Knox was q. jaaident of Pittsburgh apd he also had a summer 4umur < A ft- -r., jjK interment hSftr not yet bean announced. Senator Knox was 68 years old and was serving in the senate for a second time, having first been appointed .n 1904 to succeed the late Senator .Ylathew Stanley Quay. He was elected to succeed himself in 1905, but resigned four years later to become secretary of state. STATE LICENSES MANY MACHINES Figures compiled by the state h'gh .vay department, motor vehicle liensQ division, show that through .September a total of 82,177 automobiles, 7,009 trucks, 52 trailers^ 753 motorcycles and 662 dealers have >een ceilnsed in South Carolina so far htis year. This is a few thousand machines less than were licensed in 1920. The figures were compiled for the .nothtly meeting of the highway commission which takes place next Tuesday. One interesting fact brought to light is that not hclf as many dealers are now licensed as were last year. In 1920 a total of 1,541 dealers were licensed and so far this year only 662 have been licensed. Receipts for the sale of 'ioenscs have reached a total of $733,813.22 through September 30. Of thtis figure $581,530.09 is returnable to va' rious counties under the 80 per cent clause. For the past quarter, July, ' August and September, the receipts amounted to $23,556.94. Tho greater portion of the revenue was received during the first three months of the year. ; In the accruals of license money - hack to the count'es, Greenville still ' leads the state for the entire year 1 with $49,135.93 and Richland comes " second witht $45,697.42. For the last " quarter Greenville also leads with * $2 334.37 and Richland is second with - $2,184.31.?The State. Disarmament Delegation Named r Pnri? Oof 15 Tl.? alaav uaiillicw Ullicmi' ly named a delegation of disarmament including Premier Briand, Formar (j Premier Viviani, Senator Sarraut and Ambassador Jusserand. u Textile Unions e to Amalgamate is New York, Oct. 13.?Members of >e the independent textile unions h throughout the, country are voting ( f- on the proposal to amalgamate as i- the Federated Textile Union of Amit erica. One hundred and fifty thooie srfnd workers are involved. The orus ganization is on one of the big union ideas, according to official advice. I , . /?