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Causes of Martial . Law in India y London, Sept. 14.?Three factors in connection with the present disturbed conditions in India, factors about which little is known abroad, make it difficult to set forth Ihe causes which have led to the declaration of martial law by the British in six districts? Calicut, Walavanad, Ponnanni, Ernad, Wynaad and Kurambranad?all within 600 miles of Madras. These factors are, first, the Gandhi or "non-coopcration" movement, led by a supposedly non-resistant native messiah; the operation of the new government for India Act which went into effect In January, 1921, and the administration of the new Viceroy, the Earl of Reading. Each of these elements have some bearing, directly or indirectly, upon the most recent trouble which has resulted in the killing of Europeans and Hindus by fanatical tribesmen. __ .? The disaffected area, Malabar, which figures in the most recent dispatches from India, is a narrow strip nf l?nH on t.hp wnst onnat- alnnn. *1.? v. Midlife WIC Arabian Sea, south of Bombay. In this region are upwards of 1,000,000 Mohammedans of Arab descent known as Moplahs who, for years, have resisted British authority. In this same territory arc a number of Europeans and many Dravidians, including Hindus, against whom the ferocity of the Moplahs is said to be directed. The trouble originated, according to the reports of a Malabar magistrate to the India office, when the British authorities began to confiscate war knives possessed by the natives of Tirurangadi. Arming of the Moplahs was said to be in violation of the Malabar Offensive Weapons Act of 1851. Sikhs and other native Indian police, as well as agitators sympathizing with the Gandhi anti-British boycott, have been charged with supplying the Moplahs with weapons and inciting them to rebellion. Mohandas Karanchand Gandhi, the Nationalist leader, at a congress held late in 1920 in Nagpur, made a plea against violence but called for the destruction of British rule in India and was quoted as saying that the success of the non-cooperation movement? the refusal of Indians to pay taxes, send their children to school or buy British products?might involve "wading through oceans of blood." Gandhi was invited by the Kerala Provisional Congress committee on August 28 to visit Malabar and try to pacify the ^Moplahs, who at that . time were killing Europeans and Hindus, destroying property and proclaiming 'home rule" in all disturbed areas. On August 1, Gandhi with many of his adherents made a public bonfire of British goods' in the streets of Bombay. He was not molested but a few ximol/a lotnt* if ?? ? o ?tn?vAwf nvvatv iuvui iv wao ivpui ucu umu Lilt: government of India, with the concurrence of Edward S. Montague, secretary of state for India, had decided to take action "against the prominent personages" held responsible for the greater part of the recent troubles in India, <, While the Malabar disturbances are a new development of the troubles in Ir.dia, reports of rioting came from other parts of the country. One such outbreak, attributed by the India of' fice in London to the Gandhi propaganda, occurred in the mill area of Madras on August 29. The police fired on the mob and six persons were killed and 21 wounded. Madras is several hundred miles east of Malabar. Sir Michael O'Dwyer, former governor of the Punjab, in a statement last January said that "sedition in India has advanced too far" and declared that Gandhi and others heading "the revolutionary ~ conspiracy should be dealt with rigorously and impartially under the law before it is too late." The Earl of Reading, formerly Lord PVU/ T..ail - * 17? 1 J A vnici iiusui-c 01 cjiigiuiiu, weni. to India last April atf" Viceroy in succession to Lord Chelmsford. Lord Reading's arrival in Bombay was acclaimed as a happy augury for the country and it was said that with his aid, and the establishment of the new Indian legislature, peace and prosperity were assured. One of Lord Reading's first acts upon reaching India was to confer with Gandhi. This conference took place at Simla on May 16. The Bombay bonfire of British-made goods several weeks later gave the only indication of how Lord Reading's proposals had been received by the Nationalist leader and his followers. The last public statement made by the new Viceroy was published here on June 16 and related to the forthcoming visit of the Prince of Wales to India. Plnns had been made for the Prince to include India in his tour of America in 1920 but the Duke of Connaught, his grand-uncle, was sent there in his stead ostensibly to attend the inauguration of the Chamber of Princes but to make an appeal for unity throughout the Indian empire. The new Indian legislature, which was expected to mark a better epoch Indian administration, opened in January and continued until the middle of April. Under the government for India Act, devised by Secretary Montagu, a Council of State was provided and subordinate councils established in many pprts of the country bv means of which, the Hindus and IWoslems were represented in the government. Efforts- to repeal obnoxious laws were to be made. Of the new government's refrm bills, a committee of the All-India Congress, in which Gandhi and his followers took a prominent part, said ti(?y were "inadequate, unsatisfactory disaDOointine." The corurress agreed to cooperate in carrying: out the new policy but said that whenever a conflict arose between the government and the people, no compromise would be made by Gandhi and hia adherents. The Times, commenting: on the work of the new Indian legislature, said that the Duke of Connaught'B visit, h^''appeal for unity, the Indian gov-ernment's frank confession of error in dealing with disturbances and, particularly Lord Rawli neon's declaration of military policy" had cleared awhy much misunderstanding and antagonism. Continuing, it said: "But the battle between constitutionalism and revolution has to be fought this year. All ovar the country non-cooperation >*? v V v>?* *V ' is developing into undisguised tyranny, too often accompanies by disorder Mr. Gandhi deplores this for the moment. It is inevitable that as soon as the dismal failure of his effort to bring all governments to a standstill 1 is realized by the public he will be ' driven to take further measures." Peace in the Pacific Honolulu, T. H., Sept. 16.?Maintenance of peace in the Pacific througn utilization of all educational agencies to eliminate racial prejudice un<l to promote better understanding among the Pacific peoples was the outstanding recommendation made by the PanPacific Educational Conference held here. The resolution was addressed to governments of states touched by the Pacific ocean. The conference recommended that the governments immediately make adequate provision in their university systems for a scientific study of Pacific problems, especially that cf population. and arrange for the wide dissemination of this knowledge. The resolutions also congratulated Piesidcnt Harding on his "initiative in inviting the great powers of the world to the international disarmament conference," while the educational meeting reaffirmed its emphatic endorsement of the policy of limiting armaments and expressed its hope that the Washington conference may be productive of beneficial results, i Other recommendations advised: "That there should be incorporated| in tne educational programs of the Pacific nations definite teachings inculcating the ideals of peace and the desirability of the settlement of international disputes by arbitration. "That scientific research iDto the causes of war should be promoted by governments or educational agencies. "That the Pan-Pacific Union should institute machinery for acquiring authoritative knowledge for the practical furtherance of those ideals of racial inter-knowledge, amity and cooperation which are its main objectives. "That the governments of Pacific nations should institute an efficient censorship of motion pictures under the direction of educators, and that the governments be asked to promote the production of educational films showing the resources, industries and general social conditions of their respective counties. "That the Roman alphabet he adopted in all Pacific countries and that a common language be adopted for intercommunication among the peoples of the Pacific countries, '"That there should be instituted by the forthcoming World's Press Congress (at Honolulu) a Pan-Pacific branch commissioned to promote, by medium of the press, inter-racial understanding and cooperation throughout the Pacific. "That the Pafe-Paeific.Uiriuri should undertake the preparation of*in international anthem in all the important languages of the world, embodying the ideals of the brotherhood of man and community of interest. * "That' inasmuch as the growingunity of the world must ultimately embody itself in some form of supernational world-order, endowed with effective powers to safeguard the Rbace of the world and the ideals of umanity, educational effort'should be <^)ordinated throughout the Pacific lands to make this great idea a definite part of the national consciousness." The conference sessions weffe attended by more than 200 delegates from all Pacific lands, including the United States, Canada, Australia, the Philippine Islands, Japan, China, Korea, India, Java and others. l)r. David Starr Jordan, chancellor emeritus of Leland Stanford Junior University, presided. Telephone Subscribers Receive Radiophone Market Reports Something new in the way of telephone service is the receipt of daily market news and quotations by radiophone and their immediate dispatch by wire telephone to the 3,000 subscribers of an Illinois rural telephone company. In a letter to the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, United States Department of Agriculture, the telephone company says that the bureau's market reports relayed by the St. Louis University by radiophone are heard distinctly, and that it has opeend a special radio office to han'11" *>>? '"m-lf <i# fnciiiuino ?nrl the messages to its subscribers. The service has been widely advertised in tht local newspapers, and not only the farmers and shipping associations but commercial business men as well are keenly interested in it. The company's radiophone receiving office is 69 miles from St. Louis. Its ?,<">00 or more subscribers are located ' in 19 towns. The plan is that at certain hours each day the subscribers simply "listen in" on the wire as the market reporis are read over the telephone. It is also proposed by the company to install a radiophone transmitting set tr. relay the reports by radiophone smaller receiving stations in the surrounding territory. An^ Illinois bank located 55 miles from St. Louts has also informed the bureau that it is receiving the market and weather news regularly by radiophone. The St. Louis University says that many individuals, banks and other commercial and agricultural agencies are receiving the radiophone market reports. Horseshoes are not Quoits Lincoln Neb.,* Sept. 13.?Lincoln's city officials have deciflpd flfftt TvtffSeMioes arc not quoits, and therefore that pitching hprseshoe3 on Sunday does not violate the city's Sunday observance laws- These specifically name pitching quoits Q3 unlawful. Discussion in city council developed that many of the city fathers did not know what a pair of,quoits looked like, while Citv. Commissioner John Wright confessed *o being the premier horseshoe pitch?r in Lincoln. Advertise in The Times! Sour Cream Dairying Boosted by Southern Atlanta, Ga.f Sept. 16.?Sour cream dairying is being advocated by the Development Service of the Southern Railway System and the Mobile & Ohio railroad as a means to enable the average farmer of the South to get away from the one crjp system and attendant credit evils and at the same time to improve hsi sod so ns to grow staple crops more profitably. "These results can be obtained wherever farmers will take up dairying, selling their cream and feeding the skim milk to poultry and hogs," says General Agricultural Agent Roland Turner. "This does not mean that farmers should give up general farming for dairying but that every farmer should keep a few cows. "Creameries at a number of srategic points in the South are already operating successfully, affording maikets for cream to farmers within shipping distance. The Development Ccrvice of the Southern has assisted in the establishment of a creamery at Ashbarn, Ga.. to be opened October 1, and it is hoped that the number of milk cows cn Southern farms will be increased sufficiently in the near future to warrant the establishment of creameries in other sections. "C.eamery butter always commands a good price and the market is at hand. All the Southern Slates send away every year thousands of dollars for butter which should be produced i.: the South." Voyage of The Quest London Sept. 13.?The voyage of The Quest, the quaint little 200-ton ship which is carrying Sir Ernest Shackleton and his party to frozen masteries in the South Polar Seas, has for its objectives not only oceanographic research but the exploration of a petrified forest- and the location _i i m 1?2 * i * v?x ? iuji isiuiiu?luanaKi?me adjacent v aters of which have not been sailed for more than 90 years. In addition, soundings will be taken of the ocean plateau surrounding Gough's Island in an effort to determine the truth regarding a supposed underwater continental connection between Africa and America. . Nineteen persons, representing each of the British self-governing dominions, are expected to be aboard when the tiny but stanch craft, "built for tight comers " leaves Capetown, South Africa, for two years' buffeting its way through the Antarctic ice. The Quest, which uses both sail and steam, and which may cover more than 30,000 miles before its return home, was constructed according to the personal ideas of Shackleton who, has/made several voyages to the Antarctic. He commanded the British expedition of 1907-09, which reached within 97 miles of the South Pole " and also the expedition of 1914-15 to Weddel Sea. His present ship is 111 feet.long, 25 foot beam and 12 feet in depth. She was built in Norway in 1917 of oak, pine and spruce and has been tested in heavy ice. Her sides are two feet thick and her bows are of solid oak sheathed with steel. Her steaming radius is 9,000 miles and, under sail, in a stiff breeze The Quest can make eight knots. She carries wireless equipment and an airplane with a 25-foot wing spread. She has a glass enclosed bridge and a look out that resembles a flour barrel. Major C. R. >Csrr? an English soldier of fortune the aviator of the expedition, plans to fly above the Antarctic fogs to scout put passages between the floes through which The Quest may pass. He is also the photoT'-mher and naturalist of the expedition. The biplane he will use is one of only three that were ever built. The other two were flown, respectively, by Colonel Borten, V. C., the pioneer flyer from England to MpQnnffiViin onH Ktr Q J * Pnoo the first man to fly from England to Australia. Other members of the Shackleton party, besides those already mentioned, include Frank Etild, second in command; Frank Wors'ey, commander; Major A. II. Macklin, biologist; R. Stenhouse, lieutenant commander; Captain L. llussey, meterologist; J. S. W. Marr and N. E. Mooney, cabin boys. The petrified forest that will be explored was found by Shackleton on the island of Trinidad at a certain point where he landed from Captain Robert F. Scott's ship the Discovery, more than 12 years ago. Gough's Island is eight miles long and 4,000 feet high and in 1904, when Visited for the first time o nrecoi-d'hymembers of the Bruce expedft!Ori,"-*'W!?s found to have at least four~hitherto unclassified species of birdsA, ?Taunnki, the "lost" island, has hAj^tittntioned in old friautieal records but apparently has disappeared. A spot in the Pacific where it is supposed to be will be dredged for evidence to show that it is Recently submerged land. There is already in the South Polar Mnwlnn Hii i C^IUIIO, anuiut'l JIJ.H19U rAfH'UIUUII. It is led by Commander John L. Cope who left- Norfolk, Va., on Oct. 27, 1920, for a six years' sojourn in the ice fields. The party is aboard a 7,000 ton whaler, the Thor I, and three auxiliary ships and numbers more than 100 men. One of its purposes is the commercial development of the mineral wealth of Antaractica. Home Given to Widow by Friends New Orleans, Sefit. 14."?;A home constructed of materials donated by builders' supply men on a lot purchased with contributions from real estate dealers, erected by union workmen free of coat and furnished by fuiTuttirc dealers with no hope of reward, has been given Mrs. Frank O'Connor and her nine children. Frank O'Connor, the breadwinner of, the family, was killed in a fall several mohtjh*ago. When the family lie left'was ontM' verge of being evicted. The New Orleans Item heard about their plight. The public response was immediate. I THE UNION COUNTY BAPTIST A MEETS SEPT. 22-Z WITH SALEM CHURCH, SAN The following is the suggested program: First day?Denominational day. (Devote eral interests of denomination.) 10:30?Devotional service, enrollment of ganization. 11:00?Missions, State, Home and Foreigi 12:00?Report on 75 Million Campaign work, including Stewardship and Church Effic 1:00?Adjourn for dinner. 2:00?Service of song. 2:10?Education, including Ministerial E tional Commission and Institutions. 3:10?Benevolences, Orphanage, Hospital ters. 4:00?Evangelism, "Everyone Win One," 4:30?Miscellaneous business and adjourn Second day?Associational day, (Devote ciational interests.) 10:00?Devotional. 10:15?Sunday School, B. Y. P. U. and C 11:15?Woman's Work. 11:45?Religious literature. 12:15?Report of executive committee. 12:45?Miscellaneous. 1:00?Adjourn for dinner. 2:00 Sorvipp nf snnor 12:10?Digest of church letters, or sta churches. 3:10?Public morals and law enforcement. 3:45?Laymen's work. 4:15?Miscellaneous and adjournment. This is offered as a tentative program, churches in the county are urged to send ful to see that the letter is properly prepared a first day of the meeting, or better still, send th< Jeter, Santuc, at once, f } EXECUTIVE ( nun QQWN ^e^erson Uavis Monument ^ , Louisville, Ky. Sept. 12.?Plans to p ? |_J_ complete and dedicate the Jefferson rv ^ ^ Davis monument next June have been Jut Drag.? Cjurdui Built Mc abandoned in favor of running the IT- " II, D#clirei shaft to 351 feet. This, which was . the original height projected, will KernertTllle, N. a?In an Interest make [t second only to the WashingIns statement regarding Cardui, th? ton monument. Woman's Tonle, Mrs. Wesley Mabe, of Dedication of this memorial to ihe near here, reoently said: "I ban president of the Confederacy at his known Cardui for years, but nerej home at Fairview, Ky., has accordingknew Its wortk until a year or so age ly been set forward to an indefinite I was In a weakened, run-down con date in the future. The monument is dltlon. I became draggy?didn't eat oj now close to the 186 feet at which it sleep to do any good; couldn't do any was proposed to halt it next spring, thing without a great effort I trie* The Daughters of the Confederacy different remedies and medlcluea, ye have undertaken to raise the sum . . *_t?i necessary to finish the work. They ad fW- wm I* realli are PlanninK to raise $20,000 with the Tt m.d. ml t~\ much .Iron, of souvenir certificates at one er soon after I began to use It I be },a ,eath- ? gam to eat more, and the neryou* "It is true, says John H. Leathers, weak feeling began to leare. Boon ) this city, treasurer of the Jefferwae Bleeping good. son Davis Home Association, "that "Cardui built mo up as no ?the in the minds of some of the veterans tonle ever did. the opinion was expressed that it "I used Cardui. with one daughtei might be best to run the monument who was puny, fslt bad and tired ou* up as far as we could, then leave its all the time. It brought her right out |completion to those who might take and soon she was as well as a glr Up the work later on. This idea seemcould be. We think there la nothinj c(j to meet with no favor especially like Cardui." among the Daughters of (he ConfedDo not allow yourself to beconn el.u.y. that loving, patriotic band of weak and run-down from womanlj |)ol >le women of the South, who said wouM undertake to see the iLfin ja if boo 1ia j i., monument completed, more than 40 years It has been used D, n, T .u _ ._ _ . .. . ?. hnuaonHo mrii OtAnontiMa Major leathers points out that the just" as Mr*. MabT d^ribes. heaviest part of the expense of the At your druggist'*. NO-14J monument lias already been met. In its purchase of IS acres in Fairview including the spot where Jefferson Profit Sharing System Davis was born in turning the 5 o v grounds into a park and fencing it with stone, and on the monument itTokyo, Sept. 13.?The only satis- self, the home association has spent factory solution of Japan's labor between $90,000 and $100,000, he nddtroubles is regarded by Viscount, Tak- ed. ahashi, minister of finance, as a prof- 1 * ' ~~ it sharing system, according to the Decrease in Population Tokyo Asahi. In his plan the prof- _ ? , T . , tis of joint stock companies would oi lianama Islands be equally distributed between the management, the shareholders and Nassau, Bahamas, Sept. 1.?(By the workers. Mail).?The Bahama Islands, the The finance minister said that while British colony lying off the. Atlantic the present troubles must be attnhut- coast, show a deccrease in population ed to the introduction of foreign ideas durjng the iast ten years, principally the relationship between labor and on account of emigration to Florida. a ?"arc of the respon- jg firgt decijne jn numbers in sibility must he with the capitalists rec0rded history of the colony, who have not yet learned to appreci- census just announced places ate the true value of labor but work population at 55,944, which marks inconsiderately for the promotion of a det.r<,afle of 2 913 or 5.2 per cent ml ?Wn 1interes*;?* , . since 1911. Demand for labor in the The workmen he thought should United Stateg ig regarded as the be made more familiar with tin cir- cause cumRtances under which their em- Watlings Island, where Conlmbus P ^U8,neSS !8vHnf: "inducted. is believed to have first set foot on With the present high cost of living the Npw Wor,d ghowed an inrreaae and the '"creasing difficulties of in p0pu)ation. Its total was 686 pcodruly life that the people are facing, , or more than f ho said it behooves boch employers ^ Bim-ni iriandB/where * mwh and workers to be m?r, sormus and ? wag sent from tho Unitcd redW m"' the States when it went dry. has a popucost of nroductio^, ]ation of fi10 ppoplp an ip(,rease of A1 ' 134 in the ten vears. Olga Petrova was a newspaper re- . porter before she became an actress. Advertise in The Union Times. BHHBMHBHi SSOCIATION 5 fTUC id mainly to pendelegates and or1. and Conservation iency. Mucation, Educa- H and Aged Minis Im Campaign. ment. d mainly to asso- H olportage. | be of religion in fl All the Baptist B 11 delegations, and H nd sent in on the h 3 letter to Dr. J. T. B COMMITTEE. B Canal Should be Under International Law ci ? A 10 ^ ? iumu, otpi. io.?ii me present political situation in the Far East is revised at the Washington conference then earlier acts of powers affecting the-Pacitic should also be reconsidered, it is argued among Japanese publicits. This follows Japan's contention in its reply to the United States that questions regarded as accomplished facts should be avoided at the. conference. Professor Matsunami, an authority on international law who was a delegate to the Hague conference, insists, for example, that the Panama Canal should be placed under international control for the benefit of the world. He declares that if the conference asks Japan to evacuate Siberia and to abandon Korea and Formosa, then it should also ask the United States to return most of the United States to the Indians and .grant independence to Hawaii and the Philippines. Great Britain, he added should then make Canada and Australia completely free Hongkong to China. ) Apprehensions of drastic revision of Japan's position in the Far East which are finding renewed expres- . jsion are believed to be the inspiration i of comments like these. The Yorodzu says it is convinced I that the conference will place Japan | on the "chopping board." It foais that the twenty-one demands on China will be annulled and that Japan will be forced to evacuate South ' Manchuria. It attacks American annexation of Hawaii and the occupation of the Philippines, condemns British policies tin India, South Africa and China and ! warns its million of readers that the ! white race looks upon 'he world as | its exclusive possession and regards colored people as brutes. Japan therefore, the Yorodzu holds, 1 should take the offensive at the conI ference and probe past acts cf the , white nations in whose footsteps J Japan merely followed. Breaks Harvard Tradition Cambridge, Mass., Sept. 17.?Dr. Rowena Morse Mann, minister of the Third Unitarian church in Chicago, the first woman to receive a degree ifrom the University of Jena in Germany, has attained a new distinction. When she appeared recently in the pulpit of Appleton chapel ut Harvard University to preach to the students of the summer school she broke Harvard tradition. Never before in the nearly 300 years of the institution's history has a woman conducted chapel services. _ Expert girl wig-makers are paid several dollars a gguare inch for their ' -hair work, each ha^ having to be J knotted into nlace sennrately. | It Pays To Advertise.