University of South Carolina Libraries
USE CREOSOTED FENCE POSTS. Treat Your Own Posts oo The Farm.?Last From 15 to 20 Years. Clemson College*.?With the development of our livestock industry and the resulting increased need for pastures, fencing becomes an important problem. A troublesome phase o? iv _ i * _ i ? r - _ _^_ cms proDiem is lasting leuue pusis. Long-lived fence posts can easily be v made from most of the common inferior woods by a simple preservative treatment on the farm. Properly creosoted, these non-lasting wood* make posts good for 15 to 20 years, says W. R. Mattoon. Extension Specialists in Forestry. Kinds of Wood to Use. Most of our common woods readily take in creosote, a product of the distillation of coal which makes wood fiber very resistant to fungi, or n,*, and to practically all forms of animal life which injure wood. Sap pine, soft or red maple, black gum, sweet gum, beech, red and black oaks, cottonwood, willow, the poplars, are good v examples of non-lusting woods which are easily treated, the wood becoming the container for the preservative fluid. Because of cross bands of tissue of the various white oaks, they are unsuitable for treating. The more lasting woods (black locust, red cedar, mulberry, chestnut, black walnut, osage orange) do not justify the expense of. treating for the slightly increased lasting qualities. Woods differ in checking or splitting when in ordinary use as fence posts. This is important, since suoh openings allow'the entrance of woodrotting fungi to the inner portions ot the untreated wood. For example, " *sck gum. d-e to its interlocked, .sted fiber, has proved an exceedingly satisfactory wood for treatment. The bay of the southern swamps "checks" badly, giving poor results even in the first 5 to 8 years follow> tog treatment. Method of Treating. ! Posts 3 to 4 inches in diameter are sufficiently strong for line posts. Small posts require less creosote, and last practically as long as large ones. Round posts are better for treating v than split posts. It is very important to have the wood thoroughly seasoned. The posts should be cut, completely peeled, and open piled in a dry situation well exk posed to sun and wind. Peeling is most easily done in the spring season, always immediately after the tree Is felled, before cutting it up into post lengths. Patches of the thin inner hark, if left retard or prevent locally /A ' , ' ~ the desired impregnation of the wood with the preservative liquid. A spade forms one of the best tools for peeling. In .late fall and early winter, especially in dry situations, it may be necessary to use an ordinary draw knife. Tops of the posts should be beveled to shed rain water. Posts should be cut to allow only about 3 inches above the top wire. Posts with long tope are unsightly and more costly ia wood used and treatment. A light crosscut saw avoids waate in chopping, and makes smoother ends. A satisfactory treating equipment for farm use consists of one cylindrical galvanized steel tank 3 feet in diameter by 4 feet high, and one horizontal rectangular steel tank 3 by 8 feet. The treatment consists of soaking the butts in hot creosote (about 200' to 215 degrees F.) for one to two hours, depending upon the density of the'wood and time required to get a deep penetration of the creosote, and then immersing the whole post in a *cold" bath, at a temperature of 90 to 110 degrees F. ?? * * ^ - > 1 J 1 A t n A A Tne DUIIS Snou;u oe u-caica av.i ? height of one foot above the ground line. The tops thus get only a shallow treatment but sufficient to ..make them last as long as the butts. Cost of Treatment. A gallon of creosote will treat 3 posts, 3 to 4 inches across the top. or 2 posts 4 to 5 inches. In ordinary times a high grade of creosote can be purchased for 15 to 20 cents per gallon in barrel lots delivered. War time made it cost from 30 to 35 cents. Depending upon the size of the post and price of creosote, this is a cost for creosote of from 5 to 15 cents per post, or average of 10 cents. Other Items of cost for the peeled poet should not be over 5 cents apiece, and for overhead charge on equipment about 2 cents, er if labor for treating the post is included about 3 cents, bringing the total cost to an, average of about 20 cents. This would fall to about 15 cents under or dinary pre-war prices for material a ad labor. True Cast. But the true cost of fence posts on the farm should be reckoned in terms' of cost of the post plus cost of labor in replacement. If treated posts are good for 15 years, at least two seti of ordinary untreated posts and two renewal operations are eliminated. Three complete settings of untreated posts would certainly be very considerably more expensive than one operation with treated posts. The treating of fence posts jointly by several farmer? in a community affords one cf the best forms o: cooperative work possible. THE HOME GARDEN Suggestions For Its Success Clemson College.?The far-reaching i value of the garden in our national ( food supply makes it imperative that , all gardeners, large or small, plan a ' careful rotative system to use wisely all garden space that can be worked. ' The actual need under normal condi tions. combined with the present food shortage, demands that we produce a larger garden crop than ever. Ordinarily, the average Southern garden is a spring, or one-season producer. . few vegetables being available after this period. Therefore, great care and judgment should be exercised in making consecutive plantings of our more common vegetables, to furnish a seasonal supply with the necessary canning surplus. The fundamental principles in good gardening are: (a) site and soil selec. tion; (b) advanced planning; (c) deep and thorough preparation of the soil; (d) judicious liberal application of fertilizers; (e) careful selection and liberal planting of seed; (f) thorough cultivation; and (g) insect and disease control. SITE AND SOIL SFLECTION: Or1 dinarily the site and soil conditions, 1 especially of the city and urban gardens, are pre-determined by the location of the home and the lack of garden space; but, conditions permitting, the site should be a southern, eastern, or southeastern exposure, and should have ample sunlight and a well-drained, easily tilled soil. GARDEN PLANNING: Advanced yiauutug snuuiu iuliuuc cif&i.r ucian of the garden, and cannot be too strongly emphasized. The method of cultivation is usually determined by the size and shape of plot. The onefourth acre or larger garden gives opportunity for horse cultivation; the one-eighth acre or smaller plot, for hand cultivation. Those vegetables ' that can be dried, stored or canned, should have preference over short-season vegetables, such as lettuce, radishes and mustard. Under present conditions, the chief purpose of the gardener should be to produce as ' much real food as possible. SOIL PREPARATION: Deep and thoAugh working of the soil preparatory to planting is of vital importance in growing any crop, and most especially is true of the garden crops. Garden soils should be thoroughly turned or spaded, followed by consecutive harrowing or raking, until the seed bed is thoroughly pulverized. Best of judgment must be exercised not to cultivate the soil when it is too wet.'or the texture will be greatly injured and its value as a garden soil decreased. ? FERTILIZERS: A successful gapden must be fertile. Liberal applications of both commercial fertilizers and barnyard manures should be given. The animal manure will assure a good supply of potash, which is favorable to the growth of most vege qMac A fortilifjror rnntaininc R ner Vai/ivg, A ?.VA x/w? D _ f cent available phosphoric acid, 4 per cent nitrogen and no potash, applied at the rate of 800 to 1,000 pounds per acre, will give good results when the physical condition of the garden soil has been corrected ly the addition of barnyard manure, if woods soil, rich In organic matter, is used instead of manure, we suggest the use of a complete fertilizer analyzing 8 per cent available phosphoric acid, 4 per cent nitrogen and 4 per cent potash, applied at the.rate of 800 to 1.000 pounds per acre. If no organic matter is added, the 8-4-4 fertilizer should be applied at the rate of 1,200 to 2.000 pounds per acre. Fertilizers, applied .either in the drill or broadcast, should be thoroughly mixed with the soil, to prevent the seeds or plants from being seriously Injured by burning. SEED SELECTION AND PLANTING: The use of scant quantities of cheap, poorly selected seed often causes a great reduction or an entire failure in a crop. The necessary supply of well selected, standard grown seed should be purchased at an early date from a reputable seed dealer. CULTIVATION. AND CONTROL OF PESTS: Frequent and thorough cultivation should be practiced. Shallow cultivation should be given as soon after each rain as soil conditions will permit. The expense of preventing and controlling insects and diseases is small compared with the value of the garden crop. REFERENCES For planting charl and for further information write the Extension Service, Clemson College, S. C., for Extension Bulletin 42. "Home Gardening in South Carolina." For disease and insect control write for Farmers Bulletin No. 856, United States Department of Agriculture, "Control of Diseases and Insect Enemies of the Home Vegetable Garden." The Cotton Boll Weevil will determine in each county in South Carolina, as it becomes infested, those farmers who are MEN. Men who have determination, courage, and confidence in the fact that we must not ( expect to receive something for nothing. To grow a cotton crop under boll weevil conditions requires WORK, first, last and all the year. It costs about as much to raise a 500-pound scrub as it does to raise a; 1,000-pound well-bred steer. There is nothing better than alfalfa hay for balancing a ration. A dairy cow requires an ounce of lalt a day. I Special I CANNED TOMATOES I I No. 3 South Carolina gj packed Tomatoes at |!j 20c per can. 9 TOM DUCKERi BAMBERG, S. C. 1 You want undergarments and hose that will fit well, feel good and wear a long time. Then come to us for them. Bring the whole family along and let us supply them all. We have bought a big quantity of underwear and hosiery. We 'got the lowest possible price. This is why we can give you the sort of stuff you want, fit you perfectly and save you nloney. * / I We want all of your trade. See and price our goods and we will get it all. H. C. Folk Co. BAMBERG, S. C. BUI- W. S. S. BUY W. 8. 8. and Help / and Help WIN THE WAR WIN THE WAR 1 Just Arrived We have just received three carloads of mules and hirses from the Woet-orn marlrotfl ThPRfi fltlimalS were personally selected by our Mr. 3 W. P. Jones, and they are In the S pink of condition. They are now to H be seen at our stables. Don't fail to H see them before you buy. B Jones Bros, I I RAILROAD AVENUE BAMBERG, S. C. j I rr =*s BUYWAR SAVINGS STAMPS CONSTANTLY <f Cmada D nils Jliacc i an luuwanj mm a it u vj Chero=Cola Bottli gCo. Bamberg, S. C. Automobile batteries recharged by Delco-Light at Brickie's Garage, adv. I I"PPUD?NrSSSM WILL NOTimm HIS w/Dowmm 1 HE WILL imm H MONEYINWnm BANK FOR Husbands: Just look al THINK: Then you - w ' REGULARLY in BANK! We pay four per pounded quarterly Farmers & M 'BHRHAB I JSg^SK for, to get WRK Z a sealed pa 3 1 for the nam I ?? ! Name in G< s . 3 | 1 M cpE' ^ <r777f**2 ' ? Grove's Tasteless chill Tonic restores vitality and energy by purifying and eo- ^ riching the blood. You can soon feel its Strengthening. Invigorating Effect. Price 60c. I Best material and workman- I ship, light running, requires I little power; simple, easy to fl handle. Are made in several I sizes and are good, substantial I money-making machines down I to the smallest size. Write for fl catolog showing Engines, Boil- I N >ers and all Saw Mill supplies, n (LOMBARD IKON WORKS & B SUPPLY CO. 1 I 'f uurusta. Ga. | 1 ' " villi ' ' ml S^SB L this picture and m ' ill deposit money our bank. ' IfH IVITH US. ' i i ft cent, interest, comon savings deposits " erchants Bank :jot, s. c. is Ps JM __ WW IM -vVri RSHffifaS Ka dfl If 1BH Rlffl ?iaWa r%r , bHH b9 h#A L sealed ^ package t of its goodness I ^ sealed in ? - ,'V*w Protected, preserved. | The flavor lasts! ? 1 , and be SURE 1 . % 2 ;ley'S. irs in | 1 ckage, but look 1 M 2 ( 7 X e-the Greatest ? s aody-Land. %:* ------- I -f> RF^TGUMr&I? $ ] 'WJ+A l~ ifllllfess,i f ?1 ' \ /