The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, November 18, 1915, Page 2, Image 2
I OI K SUBMARINES STRONGEST.
No Others Required to Stand Water
Pressure at Depth of 300 Feet.
Whatever else may be said of the
submarine torpedo boats of the United
States, naval experts familiar with
this type of craft are confident that
the underwater boats of no other nation
are built on stronger lines. In
fact, naval officers say that none of
the great world powers require the
? ? Awi r* 01 C t" !
t consiruuuuu Ui buuiufluucs iu xcoiov
anything like the great pressure that
is required of American submarines.
Submarines built tor the American
navy must have hull strength sufficient
to resist the pressure of the J
ocean at a depth of 300 feet. Before
these delicate craft are accepted they
must have withstood pressure at a
depth around 210 feet, which, is
deemed sufficient, but must be strong
enough to go much lower. British |
and German submarines are not required
to stand pressure of 300 feet,
the requirement usually running
around 200 feet. German submarines,
as a rule, are tested at a depth
around 150 feet, and. those of the
British navy sometimes at a greater
depth.
From the outset of submarine construction
the American underwater
! craft have been built on stout lines.
* The original "A" boats are still doing
good service daily in the Philippines.
'The first submarines built for
the navy are ope^ted on the surface
by gasoline engines, which have been
replaced in newer boats by Diesel engines,
burning heavy fuel oil.
The first periscopes were far from
satisfactory and are being rapidly replaced
by the more efficient periscopes
which have been evolved since
the introduction of submarines as a
naval factor.
Another defect of our early submarines?which
was common to underwater
boats of all navies in the
beginning?was faulty ballast tanks.
Since the water-ballast tank on a
. submarine is a vital part of the ship
the naval experts lost no time in improving
this feature. All of our submarines
now have improved tanks.
Of all submarine defects those affecting
the propelling engines have
been most numerous and bothersome.
The development of this type
of engine has been very gradual. Until
very recently, however, engine
trouble has been of common occurrence
in submarines, and the work of
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by engine defects probably than from
f: all other defects combined.
For example, while the contracts
h; for submarines usually call for delivery
within two years, it has been
y understood at all times that the vesS
, sels could not be completed and de}
livered in that time, and the reason
/-v given always has been the engines.
\ It is believed, however, that the submarine
engines have been so far perfected
that from now on delivery of
j:V. the boats may be confidently expected
within the contract period. Naval
p. experts concede that Germany may
" 1 have a superior submarine engine.
"Germany was the birthplace of
ew .' . f ...
rV the Diesel engine," said one expert.
"K is only reasonable to believe that
y-.( the Germans have succeeded in de1
veloping the various types of this enK".
gine to a higher degree of perfection
, than the United States or any other
naval power. When it is realized
that our first heavy oil submarine
' engine was brought to this country
in the head of one man?and not
from Germany?it is not difficult to
understand that the drawbacks to its
rapid development were considerable.,
fin recent years these engines have
heen greatly^ improved and are now
Sp very promising."
< Inasmuch as the same individuals
design as many of the submarines
.constructed for the British navy as
for the United States navy, naval experts
here are quite certain that John
1 Bull has northing on Uncle Sam in
the way of underwater craft, especially^''
lv in view of the fact that the United
m v States always requires greater hull
strength than Great Britain.. In this
connection naval officers point to the
fe* i fact that the British submarines ap|||\
-'pear to be giving ah excellent account
of themselves in the operations at
gjf, the Dardanelles, having sunk large
numbers of Turkish troop ships after
|||%; ' entering the sea of Marmora under
I the Turkish mine fields.
While deeply regretting the loss
of the F-4 with its crew of 22 men,
naval officers take pride in the fact
that that was the only fatal accident
to an American submarine, while
similar accidents have happened to
the submarines of the big European
nations on more than one occasion.
The only accident at all similar in
this country, which, happily, did not
result in any fatalities, occurred off
Newport several years ago, when the
Porpoise, one of the earlv Submarines,
suddenly got beyond control and sank
rapidly to the bottom in 125 feet of
water. The crew, by working valiantlv
xHth hand nnmns. managed
to remove a sufficient quantity of
water ballast to permit the Porpoise
to rise to the surface unaided. The
ballast tanks apparently had been
filled too suddenly and could not be
Sp^i
AGAINST GREATER EXPENSES.
^
Governor Gives Views on Proposal to
i
Increase Pay of State Officials.
Columbia, Nov. 15.?'The present
iinancial condition of the people of
South Carolina makes it of the utmost
importance that the cost of
State government be decreased rather
than increased." said Governor
Manning today, when asked for his
views on the question of increase in
salaries as proposed in a statement
printed in Sunday's papers. "While
,the salaries paid our judges and
State officials are low," said the governor,
"we are just now recovering
from the financial hardships of the
recent panic caused by the low price
of our products as the result of the
European war, and it behooves us
to watch closely every item of expense
in order to hold down the tax
| levy to a minimum.
"The last session of our legislature
created the South Carolina tax
commission for the purpose of reforming
the tax laws of the State and
equalizing the burdens of taxation
so that all our people would be
placed on the same basis. Until this
commission shall have completed its
work I feel that we should dismiss
from our minds the subject of increased
expenses.
Cause of Education.
The awakening of our people on
the subject of common school education
makes it of the utmost importance
that we provide facilities for
increasing the efficiency of our rural
and common schools. These facilities
cost money, and until means
for the education of every white
child in South Carolina are provid
ed I shall. oppose increase in otner
departments. If we have any extra
money to spend, ^said the governor,
"let's put it in the common schools
of our State, where it will be the
means of furnishing to the boys and
girls, the future men and women of
South Carolina, the education to
which they are entitled and which
will inake of them better and more
efficient citizens. This is, in my
judgment, a most important matter,
and one in which the people are
vitally interested.
"I shall continue to urge such
economy as is consistent with the
absolute needs of -the State and'the
financial condition of our citizens."
Receiving the Discard.
One of our trenches in the first
line suddenly received a fire of shells.
The occupants perceived with dis- tress
that the projectiles came from
the rear and were from our own battery.
The battery was-telephoned: "You
are firing upon us!"
"Not at all. We are firing on the
German .trench."
"But we are getting all the pruneaux,"
(the prunes, that is, the
shrapnel.)
> "At what distance are you from '
the German trench ?"
"Twenty meters."
The battery commander then replied
with mathematical sangfroid:
"Twenty meters? Ah, you are probably
getting the discard!"?Le Cri
de Paris. *
empftied in time to prevent, the hasty ,
descent.
"We try to make everything in the
navy foolproof," remarked an officer J
closely identified with submarine operations.
"Every once in a while
somebody gets careless, however, and
mistakes are made, which, of course,
is only human. The navy has been j
very successful in making things foolproof,,
or very nearly so, and efforts
toward improvements along this line
are bein? made constantly. As a
rule, members of submarine crews
are less inclined to 'take a chance'
rhan those on surface vessels, realiz- (
ing that so much depends on every
man doing his duty promptly and
with due caution. - However, the man
who insists on taking a chance turns
11 r* ororv nnw anH fh on "
But submarine cruising is hazard- |
ous at best. The structure of a submarine
is necessarily delicate. Any
one of many things might be responsible
tor wrecking an underwa- 4
<ter boat. They could not stand much ?
of a bump from hidden obstruction
in the water, and nothing could keep
them from reaching the bottom if a
hole were punched in the hull large
enough to permit the ingress of a
considerable volume of water.
When sea water comes in contact
with a storage battery, chlorine gas,
very destructive of life, is developed.
Some of the older batteries of the soj
called "open" type are more liable
to develop chlorine gas than are the
nsvfer batteries, which are of the
"closed" type and much more expensive.
Knowing the danger from
the "open" batteries, members of
submarine crews are constantly on
guard against the menace of sea water.
Theoretically the battery deck
IS waieril^nt dui ironi unt; ua,use ur
another sea water sometimes ?ets into
the batteries. There have been no
fatalities from this cause, but in a
few instances members of a submarine
crew have been temporarily
overcome.
/
Should be s<
getting
USEFUL i
At a reasonable cost,
shipment of Xmas gift
the next few days. In
useful for
FOR EVERY M
Brother, sister, mother, fathei
leather, ivory, etc. Be sure
Xmas and
A large stock of beautifully
cards fot
*
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Boob for Boy
f. f . ,
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A full stock of the better cU
Alger, and the New Boy See
varied assortment of paper
series, etc.
TOYS, MODI
We also have a
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of practical to
modern building
den sets, tea set
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sleeted with
something tl
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The Herald Book
goods, which will
the shipment will
EMBER OF
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to see us before you j
New Y.
colored, plain, enamel
Christmas and New
\ \
s. Girls am
iss of books for boy*
>ut series. For the sm
and cloth story book;
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Store has a choice
be displayed within , i
be found something
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THE FAMH.Y
1
heart, in bronze, sterling, '?
buy Xmas goods or gifts.
ear Cards
ed and embossed postal
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Year.
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; and girls, Henty and
aller children we have a
A D r* KAAL- Aomf J
Sl9 A U V uuua^9 pctitiv j
FITS Etc
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;ry choice line
outfits, tops,
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