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PANAMA RAILWAY. Famous Old Line About to See Its Finish. Colon, C. Z.?With the completion of the Panama canal the importance of the Panama railway will decline almost to the vanishing point. For nearly sixty years this railway has been carrying people and freight from ocean to ocean. Though only forty-seven miles long, it has been, for certain periods, one of the most important and most interesting railroad lines in the world. During the building of the canal, under the ownership of the initea states, it nas become one of the best equipped and most efficient of railways. It has given great help in the construction 01 the canal that will prove its virtual death. The finding of gold in California was the cause of the building of the Panama railroad. For long years before the wild rush of argonauts in 1849 the isthmus was almost forgotten by. the civilized world, but when the yellow metal was discovered on the west coast it became once more a great trade route. In order to avoid the long trip across the plains in "prairie schooners," thousands of gold-seekers went by boat to Chagres, up the Chagres river to Gorgona or Cruces and thence over the old Spanish road to Panama. This, too, was a long route and in the rainy season a painful and dangerous one because of the prevalence of disease. To the rescue of the gold hunters tVit-qo KnlH Aniprirans W. H. k/viu. , .. . Aspinwall, Henry Chauncey and John L. Stevens. In 1S48 these men had asked the government of New Granada for a concession for the road, and in 1850 Stevens obtained it at Bogota. The Pacific terminus could not be otherwise than at Panama, but at first the harbor of Porto Bello was selected for the Atlantic terminus. However, a new York speculator spoiled this plan by buying up all the land about the harbor and holding it at a very high price, so Navy Bay was chosen instead. When work on the line was begun in May, 1850, there was no celebration, no turning of the first spadeful of earth with a golden shovel. Two Americans with a gang of Indians landed on Manzanillo island, now the site of the city of Colon, then a desolate, uninhabited spot, and began the tremendous task of clearing the route through the dense jungle. The surveying party suffered intensely, for the land was so swampy and so infested with malaria and yellowfever bearing mosquitoes that they were compelled to sleep aboard a ship Much of the time they carried their lunches tied on their heads and ate them standing waist-deep in the water. The efforts of the company to obtain laborers were attended by a terrible tragedy. Eight hundred Chinese were brought over from Hong Kong, but within a week of their landing scores of them died. 1 Opium was given the survivors and for a short time checked the ravages of disease. But the supply of the drug was shut off on account of its cost and again the deaths became numerous. The poor Orientals in despair began to commit suicide, some by hanging, others by impalement, while some deliberately sat down upon the seashore and waited for the rising tide to overwhelm them. In a few weeks scarce two hundred were left, and these broken in health and spirits were sent to Jamaica. Another shipload of laborers, this time from Ireland, met no better fate, for nearly every man died. The material difficulties that confronted the railway builders are thus summarized by Tomes in his "Panama in 1955:" The isthmus did not supply a single resource necessary for the undertaking. Not only the capital, skill and enterprise, but the labor, the wood and iron, the daily food, the clothing, the roof and the instruments to work with came from abroad. Most of the material used for the construction of the road was brought from vast distances. Although the country abounded in forests, it was found necessary, from the expense of labor and the want of routes of communication, to send the timber, for most part, from the United States, and not only were the rails to a considerable extent, laid on American pine but the bridges, and the houses and work-shops of the various settlements were of the same wood, all fashioned in Maine and Georgia. The metal work, the rails, the locomotives and the tools were brought either from England or the United States. The daily food of the laborers, even, came from a New York market. The first section of the road was laid through a mangrove swamp in which no bottom was found, the tracks being floated on an immense pontoon. By October, 1851, eight miles had been completed, and solid grounds was reached at Gatun. Lack of funds now began to hamper the builders. Investors in the states had become discouraged and the cost of labor had advanced. But a hurri- * cane came to the rescue. Two ships loaded with gold-seekers were forced to anchor near Manzanillo island and the passengers paid the company a ] handsome sum to carry them to Ga- ( tun in work cars. The news that the * road had carried more than a thou- 1 sond passengers reached New York { and funds again flowed into the cof- * fers of the company. * As the work progressed passengers were hauled longer and longer dis- 1 tances and before the line was com- 1 pleted the receipts from passengers ? - t and freight were consiaeraoiv auove * $2,000,000. The last rails were laid ( the night of January 27, 1S55, and 1 the next day the first train passed * clear across the isthmus from the ? Atlantic to the Pacific. The entire cost of the road up to December 31, * 1858, had been something less than * $S,000,000 and its gross earnings in 1 the same time were a little more than * that sum. The rate across the isthmus was 1 put at $25 in gold, being intended to f be to a certain extent prohibitive un- * til they could get things into good 1 running order, but so great was the A volume of travel that the rate was * not reduced for more than twenty * years. Soon after its opening the * road began to declare 24 per cent 1 dividends, and at one time its stock * went up to 350. - . . i In the 60's the company feiionnara * times. It lost much of its freight s traffic, and was held up by the politi- t cians in Bogota and then suffered by 1 the completion of the Union Pacific railroad. Next Russell Sage and f others like him got control of the * directorate and wrecked the road. 11 When de Lesseps came over to dig a c canal his company bought up the v stock and used the road to help in 1 its work. ? Then in 1904 the United States a bought out the French company, and s also acquired the railway and so it E became the first American road to be owned by the government. So economically and efficiently has it been conducted since then that it is cited s as an argument for the government ( ownership of all our railways. s The building of the canal and espe- t cially the creation of the artificial Ga- t tun lake made necessary the reloca- t tion of the Panama railroad along s most of its route. The old roadbed c now is under water for much of the t way, the old line still in use being only about seven miles in length, from \ Colon to Mindi and from Corozal to p Panama. From Mindi to Gatun the a grade ascends to ninety-five feet i above tide level. From Gatun the t road runs east until it is four and a t half miles from the canal, and then i crmth nfrairi nn great embankments r across the Gatun valley. -v Along this stretch passengers ob- s tain an unusual view. Because of the construction of the Gatun dam across s the channel of the Chagres river, the v Chagres valley and all its tributary a valleys have been converted into a j lake with an area of about 164 square r miles. The Gatun valley is one of s these drowned arms, and as the r train crosses, wide stretches of water a are to be seen on both sides of the track. Down below the surface are still visible the tops of giant trees a that have been killed by submergence r and along the edges of the lake the onH liordioet nf tVio J UUU llUi UlWCb VI v* wv x reach their dead limbs above the waters. Here and there is a pretty little island that not long ago was the summit of a hill, and the shore line is most picturesquely broken up by'capes, peninsulas and bays. From Monte Lirio the line skirts the shore of the lake to the beginning of the Culebra cut at Bas Obispo. Originally it was intended to carry the railroad through the Culebra cut on a 40-foot beam along the east side, ten feet above water level, but this plan was knocked out by the slides and breaks. The line was carried around Gold Hill to a distance of two miles from the canal until it reached the Pedro Miguel valley, down which it runs to Paraiso and the canal again. Thence it runs al- 1 most parallel with the channel to c Panama. There are two big steel * bridges on the line. One, near Monte * Lirio, has a center lift span to permit 1 access to the upper arm of Gatun 1 lake; the other, a quarter of a mile ? long, across the Chagres river at Gam- 1 boa. The total cost of building the new* line of the railway was $8,866,- J 392. In addition, a large sum has been expanded in increasing the ter- * mi rial far>ilitip<3 C Of course, even after the canal is 1 opened, the railway will have a good deal of business, transporting people and goods between Colon and Panama. and serving the needs of the operating forces of the canal. But its ( days of glory have departed, and J. * A. Smith, the American who has been its efficient general superintendent, j recognizing that fact, has resigned and returned to the states.?E. W. . Packard. ^ Legal blanks, blank books, files, 1 tablets, pencils, and all office and 1 school supplies at Herald Book Store, i LONELY EMPRESS EUGENIE. She Still Lives in England, Her Day Long- Past. The announcement of the death of Smile Ollivier at an age of 88 years ?omes like an echo from the past Sew knew that the last of Napoleon Ill's premiers and the man who beraved the constitutionalists into his lands was still living. Ollivier was a ypical French statesman of the Louis X'apoleon period. He entered upon the Franco-Prussian war "with a ight heart," as he expressed it, and ifter the debacle following Sedan reared from public life. His chronicles )f the empire in which he was a irominent figure occupied his remainng years, 42 in number, a rather resectable twilight. Ollivier's death leaves the Empress Dugenie to mourn alone the glory of he second empire. This remarkable voman still lives in retirement in England. She was perhaps the greatest contributing cause of the fall of ^ouis Napoleon. During his absence rom France she was regent. When le was at Paris no voice was more nfiuential with the emperor. She favored the ill-starred expedition of daximilian in Mexico, and it was the ust of greater power within the >osom of the daughter of Maria virkpatrick that led to the rout of Sedan and the fall of Paris. Eugenie presents a lonely figure, ier only son was killed as an English oldier in the Zulu war. Ollivier was he last of the men who made and mmade the second empire. But she lad her day, and during it the satisaction of dictating to her sisters hroughout the world. When Eugene apeared in a new creation on the T-.1 Ul.;_ ~ mamps Jtmysees, wnmu a ic? uiuums fomen of every nation were duplicatng her gown. Her power was so jreat that for a decade that arch bomination, the hoop skirt, was conidered a thing of beauty.?Cinciniati Times-Star. Woman in Slit Bathing Skirt. Atlantic City., Sept. 3.?A slitkirt bathing costume worn by Mrs. Charles Lanning created such a senation on the beach this afternoon hat the wearer was literally mob>ed. After being roughly handled >y a crowd of several thousand persons she fainted and had to be arried unconscious to the hospital ent. Mrs. Lanning, who in the wife of a lotel owner of Burlington, X. J., ap>eared at the foot of South Carolina ivenue in a suit of vivid purple silk, ler skirt which did not reach below ler knees was slit on each side from he hem to the waist. Her stockngs and cap were also dizzly pur>le, and she led a toy poodle around vhose neck was a huge bow of the ame hue. Scarcely had she stepped upon the ;trand when an excursionist picked ip a handful of sand and threw it it one of the slits. It struck. Mrs. canning turned to reprove him and eceived another stinging handful of ;and on the other side. A dozen nen then took up the game, while l hundred others laughed and jeered. Mrs. Lanning sought escape tovard the water, but was headed off tnd in a few moments she was sur ounded. Whichever way she turnid she was met with hoots and flyng sand. Policeman Craig and a number of ife guards fought their way through he crowd. When they got to Mrs. canning she was unconscious. They ;arried her to the hospital tent, vhere Dr. Charles Bossert revived ler. There was such a throng about this )lace that an automobile was run lown upon the beach to take the voman to the Hotel Biscayan, where l-io hac hoori staving Shp ic nnHpr reatment for hysteria. LHREW BOQUET AT THE KAISER. American Woman Later Finds Herself Prisoner in Berlin. Berlin, September 3.?Berlin poice this morning completed 24 hours )f feverish investigations brought ibout because an American woman hrew a bouquet from a window of a lotel as Emperor William was passng yesterday. The bouquet was inscribed "To the Great German Em)eror." The woman wore across her breast i huge placard bearing the words '40,000 Days." At police headquar;ers she declared the placard indiated merely her belief that the world vould be changed in 40,000 days, rhe police did not give out her name. Barnwell Board. The Barnwell county legislative ielegation recommended Messrs. S. Wise, Angus Patterson, and W. S. Creech as members of the county dislensary board, but upon receipt of a etter from the governor in regard to :heir recommendation, another meetng was held and it was decided to withdraw the names of these gentlenen, and Messrs. V. S. Owens. B. F. Peeples, and J. P. Guess were recomnended. FIRE IX HOT SPRINGS. Flames Sweep Through Arkansas Resort.?Damage Ten Million. Hot Springs, Ark., Sept. 5.?Fire that started in a negro's cabin at 3:30 o'clock this afternoon is slowly dying out at the foot of West Mountain, the southern extremity of Hot Springs, at midnight after reducing an area more than a mile in length and from seven to 10 blocks wide in the eastern part of the city. An accurate statement of the monetary loss it not possible tonight, but it is roughly estimated at $10,000,000. Gov. Hays arrived in Hot Springs late toniaht and Drobablv will order a military patrol of the burned district tomorrow morning. United States troops are also expected from Little Rock to add to the guard on the military reservation. In the path of the flames were manufacturing establishments, hotels a number of the more pretentious residences and public buildings. All were destroyed. It is estimated that 2,000 persons are homeless. No Fatalities. So far as can be ascertained there were no fatalities and the few that were hurt suffered only minor injuries. Among the buildings destroyed were the city's light, water and power plants, the county court house, the high school building, the Park Moody and Princess hotels, St.Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern railroad station and shops and the Ozark sanitarium. Smaller buildings by the hundreds were reduced to ashes. But few of those whose homes were burned saved any of their belongings and guests of the hotels gave little heed to their valuables and luggage in their efforts to escape with their lives. The fire originated within several blocks of the United States army and navy hospital and took a south and east course. Unusually Inflammable. The frail structures in the negro quarter where the fire started, made more than ordinarily inflammable by an extended drought, burned like tinder, and, driven by a wind of almost cyclonic proportions, spread rapidly. Within 15 minutes it was apparent that the fire fighting force of Hot Springs was inadequate and an appeal was made to Little Rock for aid. Apparatus and men were sent but the conflagration then was beyond control. Dynamite was resorted to when it was apparent that water would be of no avail but this also failed. The burned district for some distance skirts the business section and several times the shifting wind headed the fire for the main business thoroughfare, Central avenue, but each times the free use of explosives and an opportune change in the wind saved it. Before nightfall the task of checking the flames was abandoned and the combined fire fighting forces turned their efforts toward keeping the fire headed toward the south and away from the main part of the city. This was accomplished. The city now is in darkness except for the glow of the dying fire, which casts shadows over a scene of desolation. DECAY OF GOOD MANNERS. Why Should There Not Be a Revival of the Gospel of Courtesy? As a rule, intelligent men take little stock in complaints regarding decadence and lapses from the Virtues of good old times. In many respects the good old times remain good only at a respectful distance; the nearer you get to them by study the less good they apear. But it is undeniable that, as Lord Rosebery said recently in an address that is eliciting much comment in England, there has been a decay of manners. There are those who imagine that democracy requires rudeness of them, and that the way to emphasize "equality" is to parade mental and moral littleness. Lord / ?Vi a rm nf IVUSCUCl J U ? CH VJLl li^uuiui w*. courtesy and the importance of good manners in the ordinary transactions of life. Even in commerce and trade as he said, good manners and good appearance have a distinct value. The well-mannered boy is more likely to get a job, the well-mannered agent or salesman is more likely to obtain orders and permanent customers. Why, then, does our age neglect manners? Why do not parents at home and teachers at school instill and exemplify the value of good manners? Why not revive the gospel of courtesy? The question is not one of scraping and bowing, of empty ceremonies, of circumlocution and blather but of a kind of courtesy that is wholly consonant with efficiency, sincerity, simplicity and even strenuousity. The busiest man or boy doesn't have to be rough, offensive, unmannerly. Good manners need not be the monopoly of aristocrats and persons of leisure.?Chicago RecordHerald. LODGE MEETING. Bamberg, Lodge, No. 38, Knights of Pythias meets first and fourth Monday nights at 7:30 p. m. Visiting brethren cordially invited. GEO. F. HAIR, Chancellor Commander. A. M. DENBOW, Keeper of Records and Seal. J. F. Carter B. D. Carter CARTER & CARTER Attorneys-at-Law BAMBERG, S. C. .Special attention given to settlement of estates and investigation of land titles. FRANCIS F. CARROLL Attorney-at-Law Office in Hoffman Building GENERAL PRACTICE. BAMBERG, S. O. I ???????????? | PORTABLE AND STATIONARY | Engines AND BOILERS Saw, Lath and Shingle Mills, Injectors, Pumps and Fittings, Wood Saws, Splitters, Shafts, Pulleys, Belting, Gasoline Engines LAROESTOCK LOMBARD ] Foundry, Machine, Boiler Works, Supply Stire. AUGUSTA. GA. GRAHAM & BLACK . Attorneys-at-Law Will practice in the United States and State Courts in any County in the State. BAMBERG, S. C. FIRE INSURANCE Old Line Companies J. F. FOLK, Agt. BAMBERG, S. C. LIFE, FIRE, LIVESTOCK HEALTH and ACCIDENT INSURANCE Agent for Superior Monument Co. Can Save you Money on Tombstones. W. MAX WALKER EHRHARDT, S. C. "LOMBARD" improved Saw Mills. {VARIABLE FRICTION FEED, ' Best material and workmanship, light| running, requires little power; simple^ easy to .andle. Are made in several sizes and are good, substantial moneyj making machines down tothesmallestj size. Write for catalog showing En-i gines, Boilers and all Saw Mill supplies. Lombard Iron Works & Supply Co., AUGUSTA, CA. V w CHICHESTER S PILLS TIIE DIAMOND BRAND. A Ladles! Ask your Druggist for A\ f>S\ kaNA Chl-chea-ter Diamond Brand//V\ Pllla in Red and Gold metallic\V/ bo*?, sealed with Blue Ribbon. \/ W Tate no other. Buy of yoar " I / ~~ fg DniMlAt. AskforClII.CtfE8.TEK8 I Jf DIAMOND BRAND PILLS, for 80 V years known as Best, Safest, Always Reliable ^~?rSOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE G. 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Thedford's Black- H Draught is a general, cathartic, n vegetable liver medicine, that H has been regulating irregulari- H ties of the liver, stomach and B ? HI bowels, for over 70 years. Get B M a package today. Insist on the B I genuine?Thedford's. E-70 H NOTICE TO CREDITORS. To all and singular tlie creditors of * the estate of G. W. Fail, Sr., deceas- ' , ed: Notice is hereby given that a reference will be held in the office of Probate Judge for Bamberg county, at Bamberg, S, C., on the 8th day of Sept., 1913, ten o'clock, a. m., for the purpose of hearing testimony on the proof of claims against said estate. G. P. HARMON, Judge of Probate for Bamberg Co. * Bamberg, S. C., August 18th, 1913. ,