University of South Carolina Libraries
' py l'ar:n liapv;?vem?nt. There has been many pages^ written in farm journals telling how different crops can be grown, etc.. and but little how to improve the appearance of the farmer's yard ami build such conveniences as every farmer ami his family j ^ ought to have. No yard is complete I unless there are good brick or conI crete walks, cistern, cellar and wood house, (lood fencing. shrubbery and flowers are indispensable where comfort and happiness are desired.?E. F. Isley, in The Epitorn 1st. Keep the Best Stock to Creed From. When selling stock on the farm, a frery good price can usually be obtained for it if willing to let the purchaser make his own selection, and leave the less desirable, states The Epitomist. But this would soon lead to the deterioration of your own stock. Nobody can raise choice stock from poor scrub animals. For breeding always retain the b^st. Fatten the undesirable and sell to the butcher for what they will bring. You cannot afford to breed from any except the best. Soft Wood For Tics. On account of the scarcity of oak. chestnut and ether hardwood timber commonly used for railroad tics, railroads have been successfully using the softer woods, which have been treated with chemicals such as creosote, zinc, chloride, etc. Preservative treatment can make a beech, rod oak or pine tie outlast a white oak tie. The use of screw spikes instead of nail spikes enAbies the soft wood to resist tlie strain and hold the rails in place. Th? use enff ic utnlv tn imnrove the IVA- OV1V ?? VVVt 4%r \*? - -?x ? market for those grades of timber suitable for the purpose. Best Food For Fattening Lambs. Very careful experiments at the Ontario Agricultural College have shown that an even mixture of peas and oats made the most profit in feeding lambs. Peas alone make the most gain, but at a somewhat greater cost of feed. Corn and peas make a slightly smaller gain than the other feeds. But the difference was so small that the convenience of procuring the feed is the'largest element in the case. As peas and cats may be grown together very conveniently and cheaply, this crop secures some advantages over others which will give it a preference in this regard. Lesmnes on Stock Farms. In some Delaware tests it was shown that alfalfa, cowpeas and crimson clover were great factors 111 .reducing the concentrated feed bills of dairymen aud other stockmen. It was shown that the maximum crops of alfalfa yielded 1230 pounds of protein per acre or an equivalent of 1\'> tons of cottonseed meal. The maximum crops of cowpeas and crimson clover contained each about 725 pounds of protein. A crop of clover and one of peas may be made into hay annually frozn the same acre of land, hence Iiwhera alfalfa fails to thrive these crops may be used as a substitute ? Orange Judd Farmer. ^ Care in Growing Celery. 1 Transplant the celery to the permanent beds in May or June, placing a large quantity of manure in the trench. This crop is one that cannot be surfeited by too much manure, as it is ! one of the grossest feeders known. The plants must be frequently watered, ooapsuds being better for such purposes than anything else, and the bed must be kept as clean and nice as possible. It requires care to have ceiery that is large, crisp and white, but then it is a valuable crop when grown and pays well for the attention bestowed. If you neglected to sow the seed you can procure the plants from see<femen and you should not fail to hate a supply. I Growing Lima Beans. No vegetable is more popular than lima beans, and they are suitable for all classes of persons as well as for all manner of dishes. The difiiculty with them is the poles, which are sometimes expensive, but if strings are used, as is done for climbing flowers, the vines will grow and thrive equally ?? well. All that is necessary is to keep them oil the ground, and it is not jR-vr. necessary to pole them if inconvenient. The late crop should be a large one, !"' not only for the purpose of supplying Ifej:; the family table, but also that they may be dried and laid aside for winIP^ ter. If stored away they are very i|^f serviceable at that season, as they may then be soaked and used for the ISf same purposes as when they are green. Som<? Garden Hint?. m ' Nitrate of soda is an excellent forSty"''-" tilizer for cabbage, and the more the plants are cultivated the better they gxi .will thrive. String beans may be planted every two weeks, as they grow rap- j lp: Idly and are soon gone. Tomatoes are j one of the best crops for the garden, j ?-as they give a supply^ until frost comes, j and are?.also grown with but little i . labor, considering tbeir enormous yields. Turnips may be planted for an !r- early supply, and should be followed by a late crop. The value of a garden MM depends on how it is managed. To pgr.'; derive the most from it the plot should k* be made to produce both early and late , Wfg: crops, and at no time should there! be a vacant spot unless too late in the | ||S>. season to" grow another crop before Epy frost Hogs on Grasw. With corn at fifty cents per bushel.1 With bogs hovering around four cents jfcr pound, the feeder must do some FaiTh? close figuring to keep on tlie right side of the ledger. If taught it hogs are great grass eaters, and will make a fair growth on grass if but a small ration of grain is given. When corn is high and the price for hogs low, clover, cowpeas. sorghum cane, rape and rye are indeed very great factors in making the hog business profitable. As the rye and clover become fibrous a:ul unpalatable a fresh field of rape is net only highly appreciated by tbe porkers, but if given ~.cces to it the hogs make such increased gains tliai a line profit is secured above the cost of seed and labor. Try a patch of rape for the little pigs, at least. If you learn itsnahits, its successful culture, you are sure to grow more of it. A little later the cowpea field affords excellent food for growing swine. As the pods ripen they are gathered by the bogs themselves, '.'he young pigs need extra slop if tlicy are expected to increase rapidly in weight. KaisiiiS Alfalfa Hny. There seems to be little question but what alfalfa can be grown 0:1 almost any good soil, provided such soil is first inoculated with the alfalfa bacteria, but the care of this crop during the first season has much to do with its successful establishment. Successive growers make it a rule to cut the alfalfa the first season at any time when it seems to have stopped growing: close watch is kept of it and the cutting is done at the limes mentioned, so that the field is cut over several times during the summer. After the first season, and when the crop is well established, the time for cutting lor hay is when about onetenth of the heads are in bloom; as several cuttings can be made each o/\?^/\r? oftnv tirct MTO h? used in the last cutting not to cut too close, eiso there is danger of winter killing, it is to be hoped that it will not be many years before alfalfa will be found on every farm, for it is certainly one of the most profitable crops for farmers to raise. About Horses. A lump of salt should be' kept in each manger. Tiie chill should be taken off the drinking water. Com in the ear with wheat bran is good for variety. Shredded or cut corn fodder is good for a change in place of hay. The frog should never be cut but left a big pad to take jar and keep the legs sound. The sharp cold air will not hurt them, but never leave them out in a storm. Never allow high, uneven- calks on any shoe?make them aa Jow as pos MUit ililU LIU ^ C ILlCill uid^ u Any ragged tags may be cut off, nut insist that tiie knife shall go no further. Never allow the bars to be cut or weakeend. Do uot keep the colts tied up in stalls day after day. A colt must have regular exercise while growing to develop its muscles and tendons. Work horses cared for and fed in this manner will far more than pay for the grain eaten during the winter by the extra work they will do in the spring. Small Yards For Poultry. When it is not possible to supply a range of considerable size for the fowls and they must be practically kept in yards, an excellent plan is to divide the yard into two or three sections, according to its size, and treat them in the following manner: Flow or spade each yard, and in or.e or two, if divided into three spaces, plant some early vegetables that will require some cultivation ? radishes, for example. -f l- i \\ ilPil lUf crup is iutvtru uul, iuui tu? fowls into this vnrd and plant the others in the same way. When the yards are divided into three, one of them may be prepared thoroughly and grass seeds or oats or millet sown in it, with the vegetables In the second yard, while the fowls occupy the third. When the grass or small grain gets two or three inches high, turn the fowls in this yard and sow the soil in the yard they occupied, in a like manner. By the time they have cleaned out the grass lot, the one in which the vegetables are grown will be ready for them to scratch over. It is surprising how well the fowls will do under this plan, even though each yard is very small. Cabbage as a Sheep Food. The utility of the cabbage as a sheep food is not a matter of question, as breeders in all parts of the country have proved to-their satisfaction. Perhaps the Canadian breeders have shown a greater readiness to appreciate the advantages of cabbage as a sheep food than the average American, though in this country also a large quantity of cabbage is raised yeariy for the purpose mentioned. Not only can the cabbage be grown in all sections of the country, but it is a food that is greatly relished by the sheep, v~~ i.o.'iio/?ic iv.-ftfppflhlo rn UVitlg 111 tri l.UU i iJ'.V.V ... u.v rape; take, for instance, the late fall, when the prevalence of frost makes it unwise to introduce rape in ihe sheep diet. Then, if the lloekinnster has been sufficiently fores!edited to grow and store away a good quantity of oak bage, let him feed them to the sheep and we have no doubt that he will be quick to realize the advantage of s: doiug. Under favorable condition." ar I acre will produce many tons of cab j bage. though it must be admitted it I is not always an easy matter in a dry j season *o get the young plants wol j started in growth.?Shepherds' Du? i letiu. s * J . j / ! IN THE PU j A A ! - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i I ARTHUR J. j Premier of Great Britain, whose i Chamberlain's retirement and voeil ' iff scheme have led to ruinons dis scholar of note, but has never been i FOR AN IDEAL CITY i The Hexagonal Plan Sag^estsi as TliaT Best Suited For All Purposes. ! More attention is being given to-day j to the systematic planning of cities, with a view of affording the most conj venient means of getting from one j point to another, and at the same time j of gratifying a. growing demaud for j artistic effect. In an article in the Craftsman, Charles R. Lamb gives the subject a thorough discussion, and after reviewing a number of plans of I arriving at these ends, comes to the following conclusion: Municipal art -must have for its foundation practi^eabilitjf Its very essenceHS depeadent ~ upon.: the\ harmonious relations^ between this'and beauty, and.'therefore, j a city planned to be developed in arf fistic and -esthetic directions must be based upon the most practical plan. And what is such a plan? To the writer's mind, all forms of rectilinear plans must be discarded. The cutting of these with diagonals is, after all. but a makeshift. If not an oblong or a square, what form would be the basic one upon which to found the J city? After }he fullest consideration j of all the possibilities that geometric l . 4-1,? tQV ic fAmntwt to i Jiguifo o1' ,"v-~ ""i" ???t I suggest the scheme shown in the ac! company ing diagram, the hexagon, J This permits the development of the city to the utmost that might be possii ble within many decades, because with j the hexagon, the great advantage of the diagonal is secured, and. at the same time, intervening spaces which can be secured for playgrounds and j park areas, between the large central ] areas, which, in turn, can be used j for groups of civic buildings in certain j parts of the city, and, again, in other I parts of the city scats of learning. [ recreation, business in all its forms, banking, publishing, the newspaper inj dnstries. and the thousand and one j trades, which, in their turn, seem to jSBSBWk. :\v/?qv/?to QV ^morns' WB2B& ?? 7?e""? THE HEXAGONAL PLAN OF A MUNICIPAL EXTENSION. be desirous ol grouping themselves around a common centre. The mere this plan is studied, the more it will be found to approach the idea of practicability, primarily in re-1 gard to shorter distances that a person would have to walk'or drive from any one point to another. The sub-division of the interests into groups by a division of the park area, is to be distinctly jfc oonitopv rtrtlnf r\f I COlIllLJtllUrU llVJIJI no Oiiuiiut.i . view, as these interruptions of natural . ! loilage give the greatest advantage | j to the inhabitants of each quarter. Esthetic-ally, the grouping of the pub. lie, serai-public, and private buildings - around common centres largely -in creases the architectural and artistic possibilities over the accidental opportunities offered by the ordinary plan of the city; while the angles caused 1 by the hexagon permit interesting * variety in the treatment of the street . facades over that developed by a , straiglit and continuously curved street. Of course, such a plan is* assumed nrimarilv for a level eountry. .. , '*' ' ' ] ; < r - - . BLIC EYE. I' 1 BALFOUR, i lnexplaiued conduct at the time of Mr. , iation in regard to the preferential tar- < tensions within the party. He is a j )opular as a leader. ( ? & and must be modified when the con- ? formation .would indicate distinct J changes in.'Ievels. This is indicated 1 here, because the method of procedure ] with most city officials is to force any scheme to comply with differences in < the elevation.?Philadelphia Record. i C/KJQHT IN OMR WdTER-f. The vast amount of nutritious, wholesome and delicious foodstuff resulting from the fisheries of the United States is not generally realized. Seme con- i ception of it may be had from an examination of the diagram here shown . from an article in the National Geo- ] graphic Magazine bj Dr. Barton Warceo Everman, ^f the Bureau of Fisheries. f f i. $ *' . The total catch of food-fishes in the United States and Alaska, as shown by the last census, was 1.733,314.324 : pounds, valued at $45,531J G5. The number of men employed was 214.05G and'the capital invested was $72,2G1,\ \1'ELd"oP 24 oFTrie'pRIKClPAl. T!SHeriE5 ijJ IOM1040H5 of podtfDS1 a as * ' SALMON HMMMMMMMM OYSTERS HMnBHi cod mmmmmm HERDING Ml LAKE HEARING MB ALEWIVES wmm , SHAD Mi hake mm SOUETEAGUE M clams mm CRABS BLUEFISH m HALIBUT CARP LOBSTERS ' CATFISH SUCKERS ? MACKEREL 1 SHRIMP I FLOUNDERS I . LAKE TROUT ' WHITEFISH I STURGEON I i HAD POCK I . THE FISH CATCH CF THIS COUNTRY. G4G. The salmon pack of Puget Sound alone in 1901 exceeded $4,500,000, an amount more than four times as great as the entire silver output of the whole region drained. by the Columbia River. The salmon output of Alaska for T!)03 is valued at,$10,000,000, which exceeds by more than $2,500,000 the amount I which Alaska cost us, and if we add to the salmon the value of the cod. halibut and other fisheries of Alaska, the total greatly exceeds all the other j resources of Alaska combined. KZJTJ ON HIS TAIL, An interesting photograph of the Tasmania wolf, taken by Mr. E. T. Keller, is reproduced herewith from a foreign natural history journal. It illustrates the observation made by Mr. j Keller that in the resting position the j TASMANIA* WOLF AT BEST. stiff tail is used to support the animal. Mr. Keller says: "I have not seen this interesting fact recorded elsewhere. It is. however, possible that it is well known among students of the habits i of this animal." The Hemp Field*. Not more than three hundred and J fifty square miles of territory are un- j der cultivation in henequin or sisal i hemp, yet on this small area is produced the fibre that literally binds the ' wheat harvests of the world. It is j *sed alike in Minnesota and Argen-1 1 tina, in Siberia and Egypt I FESLA'S TOWER FOR WORLD TELEGRAPHY > ( The marvelous construction shown in f he accompanying cut is part of a \ jreat scheme by which the electrician, t sicola Tesla. says he will have in | iperation before a great while and / vhich he calls "world, telegraphy/' j 'ro:n this tower, which be has been ' mililina: at Wardenclyffe* on Long Isl mil, for some time, and which he has recently completed, he hopes to send md receive mosages from all over the -( vorld irrespective of distance or. in- J ervening obstacles. The construction j >f the upper part of this tower is said o be so delicate that it will detect ( the slightest impulses that come to it t iff Hi j0M% "i}:\ through the air. He says that he will * < be able to deliver the electrical current iny where and in any amount by the tse of certain artifices which he has ] liscovered and which he wili make known in due course. While Mr. Tesla has been responsible ; for a great many electrical inventions. . j some of which were of a revolntionlz- i ing nature, he has made a great many promises which be has failed to re- < deem up to the present time and for this reason some of.his electrical as- . soclates have referred to hitn -.as a "very promising yonng man."' It has been said that in his-, present work < lie is receiving support from some very , wealthy ana lnnuenum persuus. u ? : , said that through his connections with George Westinghonse he has J. Pierpont Morgan among his supporters. THE OCEdN'5 FLOOR. While carrying on her work for the Bureau of Fisheries, says the National Geographic Magazine, the Albatross has made more than 10,000 soundings, and more than 400 dredgings, and has brought up from the bottom of the sea ' a tfy.i - ,310/4. 1 1 SSooiA ; hundreds of tons of fishes and other animals and mud. The greatest depth from which the Albatross has secured any life was 4173 fathoms. This was iu the South Pacific between Tonga and Ellice Islands. The dredge brought up silisious 1 sponges, radiolarians and brown volcanic mud. The greatest depth from which she has brought up fishes is 2949 fathoms, or about one and a third rr.;in? This was in the edge of the Gulf Stream off the coast of Virginia. < The deepest "sounding ever made by the Albatross was at Station 4010, near Guam, where the enormous depth of 4813 fathoms, or nearly five and a half miles, was.found. The depest sounding even made by any vessel was by the U. S. Nero while on the Honolulu Manila cable survey, with apparatus borrowed from the Albatross. When near Guam the Nero got 52G9 fathoms, of 31,014 feet, only , sixty-six feet less than six miles. If < Mount Everest, the highest mountain on earth, were set down in this hole, it would have above its summit a depth of 2G12 feet, or nearly half a mile of water. The Life of the Cell. It is no extravagance and no mere figure of speech to say that cells move alx)ut with apparent purpose, that they feel, that rhey suffer and enjoy, that they absorb and assimilate food, that they live, love, marry, propagate and die. And we can say with as much truth that they think. The cell, therefore, does all that man does, has all that man has, and possesses, within its tiny compass, heart, vein, muscle, nerve, artery, skin, bone, cartilage and what-not of the future or- ' ganistn of the composition of which it forms one of the ultimate constituent parts.?National Magazine. A Remarkable Snake Story. Recently Dr. Macdonald, of Mombasa, East Africa, encountered a puff adder, "which is one of the most deadly snakes. He discharged his rifle at it and killed it. He took the body to the hospital verandah, and, finding it to be a male, returned to the spot to search for the female, but 1 without success. A few nights later, however, while sitting on his verandah, the doctor espied the snake he had been seeking, and fired at her. Afterward no fewerNthan ninety-one young adders were found scattered on i the ground, and had all been killed by < the shot fired at,the mother. A thousand million miles are covered by.the various trains of this country in the course of a year. ' ,;e: 'T ;.i - ' 4> City Friend?. ?- ? >tr>vd thrtc? infppA5fpd In ' \ji I uvwv ?. j{ . V road improvement, the o El q farmers of course stand v ^ "" ^ first. The, character and ^(0)f condition of the roads are >f vita! interest to them every day in ho year. The farmers, until recently, , lave been compelled to struggle "With '%*" he road problem without muchrhelpr )r encouragement from;: any other :1a ss?' >5>w, however, some strong eWnonts of the city population are ra'lyng to their support. Among these < nay rbe named the manufacturers of *oad building machinery; the makers md users of bicycles and automobiles, md the moneyed men of ihe cities who liave money invested in the country. These people are entering into the work for road improvement with even more enthusiasm and zeal than the ^ farniprs. . ^ Just now the farmers who want better roads are brought face to face with, h most important question. Will he arccept the assistance of these city i allies? Will he. welcome the aid of | the machinery man, the capitalist, bicyclist and the automobilist?....Or.? will lie treat them as schemers who 3re trying, to meddle with his af- * fairs? The answer these questions ought to depend on what these city'friends of good roads are proposing to. do. If they propose tor-have the country roads . improved in otdei; to increase their t* business, and enhance their pleasures, wholly at the expense of the farmer, then he should spurn the proffered alliance. If, on the contrary, they are v proposing, through State and National * taxation, to lift a large part of the burden off the farmer and place ^it an the taxpayers of the cities, he ought to bid them welcome, *and extend the glad hand. This is a live question for the fanner to consider and answer. Already the opponents of State and National aid are at work trying to sow seeds of ' 1 suspicion in the minds of the farmers, and tliey will do their best to prevent any co-operation between the country and city friends of good roads. As a matte rof fact, State and National aid offer the only hope of general road improvement, and such aid can never be secured if the city people > array themselves against it. Unless the farmers are wholly blind to their own interests, they will welcome aid t'rom any and every source, and will make every effort to secure the powerful aid of the State and Federal Governments. I' ^ ; -j& . Depends on the Farmer*. The candid and unprejudiced opinion of a'public man <m'arquestton concerning which he is welt qualified to speak is nearly always of interest Sucli an opinion concerning the prospect "for National Highway legislation was recently -ecured from a gentleman wlio is a close observer of men and events, and who has speut many years at the National Capital. He said: ? fc I have watched the # growth of the sc-ealled ''good roads movement" with, mr.eli interest, and especially since Colonel Brownlow introduced into Con- * gross his hill providing that the Government should-pay half the expense of improving the roads. As regards the prospect of such a measure ever' , becoming a law, I will say that it all depends on the farmers. If the agricultural classes go to work in earnest for Government: aid, they will get it; if I hey "Co not. "Congress will never enact such a law. In Government affairs. as in most other affairs, I have noticed that rise people who go after things are the people who get them. The farmers as a class receive comparatively little serious consideration from Congress simply because they don't demai^l it. Every .Congress now appropriates more than a bilHoii dollars, but how-much of this is spent in > the rural districts? Almost nothing. < Millions are spent for public building9 in cities; millions for improvement of rivers and harbors; millions for the army and navy; millions for the Gov- . ' eminent at Washington, etc. Occasionally a few thousand dollars go" for something that directly benefits the farmers, but that is all. Of course there isn't as much chance to give the farmers direct benefits from the spending nf nnhlif mnnw. Rut national aid to road improvement furnishes an ideal opportunity. It would even up things to some extent. It would certainly be a big thing for the rural dis- % tricts. The money spent would of course make good times; but the main benefit would come from the improvement of the roads. It would increase the value of farm lands; it would enable the farmers to market their crops to better advantage; it would make farm life better worth living. In fact it would be. a great permanent benefit. If any other class of our population had such an opportunity to enjoy the fostering care and aid of the Government, how they would work for it. They would give their Senators and Representatives no rest. But the far mers as a class move more deliberately. Tbcy take time to look into the whys and wherefores, and to consider all objections. So far as I am able to learn, the farmers are taking up this question seriously and in time will make their influence most^powerfully felt. I think Congress wil be ready to enact a national law whenever there is,a general demand for it'from the farmers of all sections.