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Washington, Dec. 7.?The president's ! message has been transmitted to con- j gress. Its principal features are as fol- . lows: The country is to bo congratulated : on the amount of substantial achieve- ! ment which ha? marked the past year J k Loth as regards our foreign and as re- ! gards our domestic policy. With a nation as with a man the j most important things are those of the household, and therefore the country is especially to be congratulated on what has been accomplished in the direction of providing for the exercise of supervision over the great corporations and combinations of corporations engaged in interstate commerce. The congress has created the department of commerce and labor, including the bureau of corporations, with for the first time authority to secure proper publicity of such proceedings of these great corporations as the public has | the right to know. It has provided for j the expediting of suits for the enforce- i ment of the federal antitrust law, and i by another law it has secured equal | treatment to all producers in the trans- j portation of their goods, thus taking i a long stride forward in making effec- j tive the work of the Interstate com- i merce commission. The preliminary work of the bureau j of corporations in the department of labor has sho^n the wisdom of its ere- ; ation. Publicity in corporate affairs ; will tend to do away with ignorance ?nd will afford facts upon which intel- | ligent action may be taken. Systemat- j Ic, intelligent investigation is already | developing facts the knowledge of | Which is essential to a right under- j standing of the needs and duties of i the business world. The corporation j which is honestly and fairly organ- I ized, whose managers in the conduct j of its business recognize their obliga- i tion to deal squarely with their stock- j holders, their competitors and the pub lie, has nothing to fear from such su- j pervision. The purpose of this bureau ; 2s not to embarrass or assail legitimate business, but to aid in bringing about ; is better industrial condition?a condi- j tion under which there shall be obedl- j ience to law and recognition of public obligation by all corporations, great or 1 small. The department of commerce , and labor will be not only the clearing j house for -Information regarding the ! business transactions of the nation, but ] 'the executive arm of the government ,to aid in strengthening our domestic land foreign markets, in perfecting our jtransportation facilities, in building up our merchant marine, in preventing the ; entrance of undesirable immigrants, in ; Improving commercial and industrial j 'conditions and in bringing together on jcommon ground those necessary part- ; ners In Industrial progress?capital and j labor. I Capital and Labor. ? Hie consistent policy of the national i 'government, so far as it has the power, I Is tp bold In check the unscrupulous I man, whether employer or employee, but j to refuse to weaken Individual initia tive or to hamper or cramp the indus- j trial development of the country. We i recognize that this is an era of federation and combination, in which great apitalistic corporations and labor un3D3 have become factors of tremendous Importance in all industrial centers. Hearty recognition Is given the far reaching, beneficent work which has been accomplished through both corporations and unions, and the line as ; between different corporations, as be- j tween different unions, is drawn as it . Is between different individuals?that j Is, it is drawn on conduct the effort j (being to treat both organized capital i and organized labor alike, asking noth- | ing aave that the interest of each shall j be brought into harmony with the in- ! terest of the general public and that ; the conduct of each shall conform to ' fche fundamental rules of Obedience to law, of individual freedom and of justice and fair dealing toward all. When- j ever either corporation, labor union or i Individual disregards the law or acts | in a spirit of arbitrary and tyrannous | interference with the rights of others, ' [whether corporations or individuals, I then where the federal government ha9 j Jurisdiction it will see to it that the j misconduct is stopped, paying not the ; Slightest heed to the position or power 1 |of the corporation, the union or the In- ! jdlvidnal, but only to one vital fact? j tthat is, the question whether or not j(he conduct of the individual or aggre- ' {gate of individuals is in accordance tWith the law of the land. Every man [must be guaranteed his liberty and his j iright to do as he likes with his prop- i jerty or his labor so long as he does j Ft mrringe tne ngnts or otners. irernznent Receipts and Expend- > / . itures. > i' From all sources, exclusive of the j postal service, the receipts of the government for the last fiscal year aggre- ! gated $5G0,396,G7^. The expenditures ; for the same period were $506,099,007, the surplus for the fiscal year being j $54,297,667. The indications are that j jthe surplus for the present fiscal year j '{will be very small, if indeed there be ! any surplus. From July to November j ithe receipts from customs were, ap- j proximately, $9,000,000 less than the ; Receipts from the same source for a j corresponding portion last year. Should : this decrease continue at the same ra- i |tio throughout the fiscal year the sur- : phis would be reduced by, approxi- j mately, $30,000,000. Should the rev fenne from customs suffer much fur- ! ther decrease during the fiscal year the ! surplus would vanish. A large sur- ! plus is certainly undesirable. Two ! years ago the war taxes were taken j off with the express intentiou of j equalizing the governmental receipts j and expenditures, and, though the j first year thereafter still showed.* ! J pr surplus, it now seems likely that a substantial equality of. revenue and expenditure will be attained. Such being the case, it is of great moment both j to exercise aire and economy in appropriations and to scan sharply any ] change in our fiscal revenue system which may reduce our income. The need of strict economy in our expenditures is emphasized by the fact that we cannot afford to be parsimonious in providing for what is essential to our national well being. Need* of Financial Situation. The integrity of our currency is beyond question, and under present conditions it would be unwise and unnecessary to attempt a reconstruction of our entire monetary system. The same liberty should be granted the secretary of the treasury to deposit customs re ceipts as is granted him in the deposit of receipts from other sources. In my message of Dec. 2, 1902, I called attention to certain needs of the financial situation, and I again ask for consideration of the congress for these questions. [The president commends the work of the international monetary conference and advises its continuance.] A majority of our people desire that steps be taken in the interests of American shipping, so that we may once more resume our former position in the ocean carrying trade. But hitherto the differences^ of opinion as to the proper method oTTeaqfcing this end have been so wide that it has proved impossible to secure the adoption of any particular scheme. Having in view these facts, I recommend that the congress direct the secretary of the navy, the postmaster general and the secretary of commerce and labor, associated with such a representation from the senate and house of representatives as the congress in its wisdom may designate, to serve as a commission for the purpose of investigating and reporting to the congress at its next session what legislation is desirable or necessary for the development of the American merchant marine and American commerce and Incidentally of a national ocean mail service of adequate auxiliary na val cruisers and naval reserves. While such a measure is desirable in any event it is especially desirable at this time, in view of the fact that our present governmental contract for ocean mail with the American line will expire La 1905. The establishment of new lines of cargo ships to South America, to Asia and elsewhere would be much in the interest of our commercial expansion. Immigration. We cannot have too much immigra tion of the right kind, and we should have none at all of the wrong kind. The need is to devise some system by which undesirable immigrants shall be kept out entirely, while-desirable immigrants are properly distributed throughout the country. At present some districts which need immigrants have none, and in others, where the population is already congested, immigrants come in such numbers as to depress the conditions of life for those already there. During the last two years the immigration service at New York has been greatly improved and the corruption and inefficiency which formerly obtained there have been eradicated. This service has just been investigated by a committee of New York citizens of high standing, Messrs. Arthur v. Briesen, Lee K. Frankel, Eugene A. Philbin, Thomas W. Hynes and Ralph Trautman. Their report deals with the whole situation at length and concludes with certain recommendations for administrative and legislative action. It is now receiving the attention of the secretary of commerce and labor. Naturalization Fraud*. The special investigation of the subject of naturalization under the direction of the attorney general and the consequent prosecutions reveal a condition of affairs calling for the immediate attention of the congress. Forgeries and perjuries of shameless and flagrant character have been perpetrated not only in the dense centers of population, but throughout the country, and it is established beyond doubt that very many so called citizens of the United States have no title whatever to that right and are asserting and enjoying the benefits of the same through the grossest frauds. It is never to be forgotten that citizenship is, to quote the words recently used by the supreme court of the United States, an "inestimable heritage," whether it proceeds from birth within the country 4a hrr nofni*nl?T?f4A? at>/1 VI 2JD WtUiUVU KJJ UaiUIUU^ftUVII, auu we poison the sources of our national character and strength at the fountain if the privilege is claimed and exercised without right and by means of fraud and corruption. The federal grand jury lately in session in New York city dealt with this subject and made a presentment which states the situation briefly and forcibly and contains important suggestions for the consideration of the congress. This presentment is included as an appendix to the report of the attorney general. Public Land and Postal Frauds. In my last annual message, in connection with the subject of the due regulation of combinations of capital which are or may become injurious to the public, I recommended a special appropriation for the better enforcement of tbe antitrust law as it now stands, to be expended under the direction of the attorney general. Accordingly (by the legislative, executive and judicial appropriation act of Feb. 25, 1903, 32 Stat., 854, 904), the congress appropriated for the purpose of enforcing the various federal trust and interstate commerce laws the sum of $500,000, to be expended under the direction of the attorney general in the employment of special counsel and agents in the department of justice to conduct proceedings aud prosecutions under said laws In the courts of the United States. I now recommend, as a matter of the ut taost importance and urgency, the extension of the purposes of this appro j prlation, so that it may be available, j under the direction of the attorney general and until used, for the due enforcement of the laws of the United States in general and especially of the civil and criminal laws relating to pubi lie lands and the laws relating to postal | crimes and offenses and the subject of j naturalization. Recent investigations | : have shown a deplorable state of af: fairs in these three matters of vital | concern. By various frauds and by j forgeries and perjuries thousands of i acres of the public domain, embracing | lands of different character and exi tending through various sections of the 1 country, have been dishonestly acquir; ed. It is hardly necessary to urge the j importance of recovering these dishon! est acquisitions, stolen from the people. < and of promptly and duly punishing the offenders. TViwirnrh fronde fnrepries and Der juries and by shameless briberies the laws relating to the proper conduct of the public service in general and to the due administration of the postoffice ! department have been notoriously vio| lated, and many indictments have been | found, and the consequent prosecutions j are in course of hearing or on the eve j ! thereof. For the reasons thus indicat- j ed and so that the government may ! ! be prepared to enforce promptly and j j with the greatest effect the due pen- ; ! alties for such violations of law. and ! j to this end may be furnished with suffl- j ! cleat instrumentalities and competent j j legal assistance for the investigations j and trials which will be necessary at many different points of the country, 1 i urge upon the congress 'the necessity j of making the said appropriation availj able for immediate use for all such ! purposes, to be expended under the dij rection of the attorney general. ! Need For Treaties Making1 Bribery Extraditable. I j Steps have been taken by the state department looking to the making of bribery an extraditable offense with foreign powers. The need of more effective treaties covering this crime is manifest The exposures and prosecutions of official corruption in St Louis. Mo., and other cities and states have resulted In a number of givers and takers of bribes becoming fugitives in foreign lands. Bribery has not been included in extradition treaties heretoI fore, as the necessity for it has not' j arisen. WhHe there may have been as much official corruption m rormer years, there has been more developed 1 and brought to light in the immediate past tban in the preceding century of ; our country's history. Jt should be the policy of the United States to leave no place on earth where a corrupt man fleeing from this country can rest in peace. i Alaskan Boundary. After unavailing attempts to reach an J understanding on the Alaskan boundI ary question through a joint high commission, followed by prolonged negotiations, conducted in an amicable spirit a convention between the United States ^nd Great Britain was signed Jan. 24, 1903, providing for an examination of the subject by a mixed tribunal of six members, three on a side, with a view to its final disposition. Ratifications were exchanged on March 3 last whereupon the two governments appointed their respective members. Those on behalf of the United States were Elihu Root secretary of war; Henry Cabot Lodge, a senator of the United States, and George Turner, an ex-senator of the United States, while Great Britain named the Right Hon. Lord Alverstone, lord chief justice of England; Sir Louis Amable Jette, K C. M. G., retired judge of the supreme of rinaW n nrl A "R A vlpQwnrth K. C., of Toronto. This tribunal met in London on Sept 3 under the presidency of Lord Alverstone. On the 20th of October a majority of the tribunal readied and signed an agreement on all the questions submitted by the terms of the convention. By this award the right of the United States < to the control of a continuous strip or border of the mainland shore, skirting all the tidewater inlets and sinuosities of the coast, is confirmed; the entrance to Portland canal, concerning which legitimate doubt appeared, is defined as passing by Tongass inlet and to the northwestward of Wales and Pearse islands; a line is drawn from the head of Portland canal to the fifty-sixth degree of north latitude, and the interior border line of the strip is fixed by lines connecting certain mountain summits lying between Portland canal and Mount St. Elias and running along the cre3t of the divide separating the coast i slor>e from the inlaid watershed at the only part of the frontier where the drainage ridge approaches the coast within the distance of ten marine leagues, stipulated by the treaty as the extreme width of the strip around the heads of Lynn canal and its branches. While the line so traced follows the provisional demarcation of 1878 at the crossing of the Stikine river and that of 1899 at the summits of the White and Chilkoot passes, it runs much farther inland from the Klehini than the temporary line of the later modus Vivendi and leaves the entire mining district of the Porcupine river and Glacier creek within the jurisdiction of the United States [The president here recapitulates the details of the imbroglio "between European powers and Venezuela and the reference of certain points of the controversy to The Hague tribunal through the influence of the United States. This he calls a victory for American diplomacy and a triumph for international arbitration. He advocates an extension of international law to exempt all private property.at sea from capture of destruction by forces of belligerent powers.] International Arbitration. Last year the interparliamentary union for international arbitration met at Vienna, COO members of the differ 1 ent legislatures of civilized countries attending. It was provided that the next meeting should be in 1904 at St. Louis, subject to our congress extending an invitation. Like The Hague tribunal, this interparliamentary union Is one of the forces tending toward peace among the nations of the earth, and it is entitled to our support. 1 trust the invitation can be extended. Early in July, having received intelligence, which happily turned out to be erroneous, of the assassination of our vice consul at Beirut, I dispatched a imall squadron to that port for such service as might be found necessary on arrival. Although the attempt on the life of our- vice consul had not been successful, yet the outrage was symptomatic of a state of excitement and disorder' which demanded immediate attention. The arrival of the vessels had the happiest result A feeling of security at once took the place of the former alarm and disquiet. Our officers were cordially welcomed by the consular body and the leading merchants, and ordinary business resumed Its activity. The government of the sultan gave a considerate hearing tc the representations of our minister; the official who was regarded as responsi ble for the disturbed condition of affairs was removed. Our relations with the Turkish government remain friend ly. Our claims founded on inequitable treatment of some of our schools anc missions appear to be in process ol amicable adjustment. Relations With China. The sighing of a now commercia treaty with China, which took place a Shanghai on the Stli of October, is i cause for satisfaction. This act, the result of long discussion and negotia tion, places our commercial relation: with the great oriental empire on t more satisfactory footing than the] have ever heretofore enjoyed. It pro vides not only for the ordinary right: and privileges of diplomatic ffnS con sular officers, but also for an importan extension of our commerce by increas ed facility of access to Chinese port: and for the relief of trade by the re moval of some of the obstacles whicl have embarrassed it in the past I trust that the congress will con tinue to favor in all proper ways th< Louisiana Purchase exposition. Thi: exposition commemorates the Louisi ana purchase, which was the first grea step in the expansion which made us i continental nation. The expedition o Lewis and Clark across the continen followed thereon and marked the be ginning of the process of exploratioi and colonization which thrust our ua tional boundaries to the Pacific. The acquisition of the Oregon coun try, including the present states o Oregon and Washington, was a fact o immense importance in our t. tory first giving us our place on the Pacific seaboard and making ready the va; for our ascendency in the commero of the greatest of the oceans. The cen tennial of our establishment upon th< western coast by the expedition o Lewis and Clark is to be celebrated a Portland, Ore., by an exposition in th< summer of 1905, and this event shoul< receive recognition and support fron the national government. Development of Alaska. I call your special attention to th< territory of Alaska. The country i developing rapidly, aud it has an as sured future. The mineral wealth i great and has as yet hardly been tap ped. The fisheries, if wisely handle< and kept under national control, wil be a business as Dermanent as any oth er and of the utmost importance to th .people. The forests, if properly guard ed, will form another great source o wealth. Portions of Alaska are fitte< for farming and stock raising, althougl the methods must be adapted to th peculiar conditions of the country Proper land laws should be enacte* and the survey of the public lands im mediately begun. Coal- land law should be provided whereby the coa land entryman may make his locatioi and secure patent under methods kin dred to those now prescribed for home stead and mineral entrymen. Salmoi hatcheries, exclusively under govern ment control, should be established The cable should be extended fron Sitka westward. Wagon roads am trails should be built and the buildinj of railroads promoted in all legitimat ways. Lighthouses should be buil along the coast. Attention should b paid to the needs of the Alaska In dians. Provision should be made fo an officer, with deputies, to study thei needs, relieve their immediate want and help them adapt themselves to th new conditions. I recommend that an appropriatioi be made for building lighthouses ii Hawaii and taking possession of thos already built. The territory should b reimbursed for whatever amounts i has.already expended for lighthouses The governor should be empowered t suspend or remove, any official appoinl ed by him, without submitting th matter to the legislature. The Philippines and Porto Rico. Of our insular possessions, the Philip pines and Porto Rico, it is gratifyin; to say that their steady progress ha been such as to make it unnecessar; to spend much time in discussing them Yet the congress should ever keep ii mind that a peculiar obligation rest nnnn na to further in every wav th welfare of these communities. Th Philippines should be knit closer to u by tariff arrangements. It would, o course, be impossible suddenly to rais' the people of the islands to the higl pitch of industrial prosperity and o governmental efficiency to which the; will in the end by degrees attain, 3m the cantion and moderation shown i] developing them have been among thi main reasons why this developmen has hitherto gone on so smoothly Scrupulous care has been taken in th* choice of governmental agents and th< entire elimination of partisan politic from the public service. The conditio] - . - -v. if the islanders is in material things j j .'ar better than ever before, while their J J governmental, intellectual and moral j i ldvanee has kept pace with their ma- { terial advance. No one people ever j ocnelited another people more than we \ \ have benefited the Filipinos by taking j possession of the islands. Preservation, of Forests. { The work of reclamation of the arid lands of the west is progressing steadily and satisfactorily under the terms of the law setting aside the proceeds from the disposal of public lands. The study of the opportunities of j reclamation of the vast exteut of arid i land shows that whether this reclama! tion is done by individuals, corpora- j | tions or the state, the sources of water 1 supply must be effectively protected ! and the reservoirs guarded by the pres| j ervation of the forests at the headj waters of the streams. The necessity j for perpetuating our forest resources, i [ whether in public or private hands, is J i ! recoenized now as never before. It is i . j recommended that all matters pertain1 j Ing to forest reserves, except those Involving or pertaining to land titles, be | consolidated in the bureau of forestry ' j of the department of agriculture. The cotton growing states have recently been invaded by a weevil that j has done much damage and threatens ! the entire cotton industry. I suggest | i to the congress the prompt enactment , ! of such remedial legislation as its judgj ment may approve. No other class of our citizens de! serves so well of the nation as those j 1 ' to whom the nation owes its very be- j t I ing. the veterans of the civil war. Spe- j i ; cial attention is asked to the excellent J ? j work of the pension bureau in expedit- j - | ing and disposing of pension claims, j s j During the fiscal year ending July I. l ! 1903, the bureau settled 251,982 claims, r an average of 825 claims for each - i working day of the year. The number 3 of settlements since July 1, 1903. has j - 1 been in excess of last year's average, j t approaching 1,000 claims for each i - i working do v. and it is believed that j 3 [ the work of the bureau will be current - ; at the close of the present fiscal year. 3 | extension of Civil Service Rnles. During the year ended June 30 last * i 25,500 persons were appointed through - ; competitive examinations under the 3 ! civil service rules. This was 12.672 * ; more than during the preceding year j * I and 40 per cent of those who passed j 1 i the examinations. This abnormal j ^ I growth was largely occasioned by the j t | extension of classification to the rural j ~ ! free delivery service and the appoint- j 1 | ment last year of over 9.000 rural car- i " ! riers. A revision of the civil service ! rules took effect on April 15 last which " i has greatly improved their operation. ' : The completion of the reform of the f j civil service is recognized by good citi'? j zens everywhere as a matter of the c j highest public importance, and the suc7 { cess of the merit system largely depends ? upon the effectiveness of the rules and the machinery provided for their en? i forcement A very gratifying spirit of j friendly co-operation exists in all the i departments of the government in the * j enforcement and uniform observance i of both the letter and spirit of the civil 3 i service act The Army and Navy. The effect of the laws providing a e I general staff for the army and for the 9 | more effective use of the national guard r i has been excellent Great improve3 ! ment has been made in the efficiency ! of our army in recent years. Such ! schools as those erected at Fort Leav! enworth and Fort Riley and the insti* I tution of fall maneuver work accome ; plish satisfactory results. The good ef^ feet of these maneuvers upon the national guard is marked, and ample ap^ propriation should be made to enable the guardsmen of the several states to , i share in the benefit The government j ! should as soon as possible secure suitI able permanent camp sites for military 3 ; maneuvers in tlie various sections of j i the country. ' i I heartily congratulate the congress _ i upon the steady progress in building | up the American navy. We cannot a | afford a let-up in this great work. To _ i stand still means to go back. There ^ i should be no cessation in adding to the J ! effective units of the fighting strength ^ j of the fleet. Meanwhile the navy dej partment and the officers of the navy g ! are doing well their part by providing ^ ! constant service at sea under condi| tions akin to those of actual warfare, j "Our officers and enlisted men are learnl* j ing to handle the -battleships, cruisers j and torpedo boats with high efficiency r ; in fleet and squadron formations, and j 3 ! the standard of marksmanship is being 0 i steadily raised. The best work ashore i is indispensable, but the highest duty a of a naval officer is to exercise com- j Q j mand at sea. It is eminently desirable i e i that a naval general staff should be | e ! established. Isthmian Canal. ! By the act of June 28, 1902, the con- i o i. ? ,, 71 I . j gress auiuorizea. lue presiueui 10 euier j Into treaty with Colombia for the I building of the canal across the Jstlii mus of Panama, it being provided that j in the event of failure to secure such ' i- j treaty after the lapse of a reasonable ; 5 i time recourse should be had to build- j s i ing a canal through Nicaragua. It has j Y not boon necessary to consider this si- ; i. tentative, as I am enabled to lay be- j a. fore the senate a treaty providing for i s the building of the canal across the | e isthmus of Panama. This was the ( e route which commended itself to the s deliberate judgment of the congress, f and we can now acquire by treaty the e right to construct the canal over this J 2 route. The question now. therefore, is | f not by which route the isthmian canal { j shall be built, for that question has J 3 been definitely and Irrevocably decid- I 3 ed. The question is simply whether or j e not we shall have an isthmian canal. t When the congress directed that we should take the Panama route under e treaty with Colombia the essence of ? the condition, of course, referred not 9 to the government which controlled 2 that route, but to the route Itself; to the territory across which the route lay, ~|a lot to the name which for the moment. t -|j Jhe territory bore on the map. The purpose of the law was to authorize .Jg the president to make a treaty with the , >jgg power in actual control of the isthmus *21 of Panama. This purpose has been 3 fulfiHed. ||S9 For 400 years, ever since shortly after .'rjg the discovery of this hemisphere, the ' rjj eanal across the isthmus Las been planned. For twoscore years it has been worked at. When made it is to ^ last for the ages. It Is to alter the :%m geography of a continent and the trade -4 routes of the world. We have shown ,'Js by every treaty we have negotiated or >|| attempted to negotiate with the peopies in control of the isthmus and with v* foreign nations in reference thereto our consistent good faith in oDserving our obligations, on the one hand to the peo- pics of the isthmus and on the other "i hand to the civilized ^oria, whose com- f3|j| mercial rights we are safeguarding and miflMnfaoinff Kir nnr P/?ttnn tTo llftVC* ^uaiaub^viug kjj VU& UVV?VM* TT V ? ? . . , '4jm done our duty to others in letter and In spirit and we have shown the utmost forbearance in exacting our own rights. Repudiation of Treaty by Colombia. 4.> Last spring a treaty concluded 4be- 3 tween the representatives of the re- ":.;^ public of Colombia and of our govern^' '-^Sal ment was ratified by the senate. Thf*,<|ttB treaty was entered into at the urgent | solicitation of the people of Colombia and after a body of experts appointed by our government especially to go into the matter of the routes across the : M isthmus had pronounced unanimously J; M in favor of the Panama route. In draw~';^|l ing up this treaty every concession was-|y| / made to the people and to the govern-T|gaj ment of Colombia. We were more^^H than just in dealing with them. Ou? 'M generosity was such as to make it a' '?% serious question whether we had not>*| gone too far in their Interest at the es^S pense of our own, for in our scruputofiat^jg desire to pay all possible heed not merely to the real but even to tfce/j|Ss fancied rights of our weaker neighbor,' -?s|jja who already owed so much to our pro- J! tection and forbearance, we yielded in ':M all possible ways to her desires In drawing up the treaty. Nevertheless the government of Colombia not merely repudiated the treaty, but repuffl-j mtru il iu sucu iiiauuci us w uiaac ??v.?3|M evident by the time the Colombian con- i;!| gress adjourned that not the scantiest vg hope remained of ever getting a factory treaty from them. ' [-'0|| Revolution In Panama. The people of Panama had long been i discontented with the republic of Co- ^ J lombia, and they had been kept quiet i only by the prospect of the conclusion^ of the canal treaty, which was to them a matter of vital concern. When it be- * came evident that the treaty was hope- v \| lessly lost the people of Panama rose . literally as one man. Not a shot fired by a single man on the isthmus '%. in the interest of the Colombian ernment. Not a life was lost in j accomplishment of the revolution. The fq&B Colombian troops stationed on the lsth- | 1 mus, who had long been unpaid, made -X common cause with the people of Panama, and with astonishing unanimity^* the new republic was started. The '.* ^3 duty of the United States in the prexn-. ^ | ises was clear. In strict accordance-.^ with the principles laid down by Seci retarles Cass and Seward, the United' | States gave notice tnat it wouia permit the landing of no expeditionary,' ! force, the arrival of which would miean^laBj chaos and destruction along the line of the railroad and of the proposed canal M and an interruption of transit as an j inevitable consequence. The de facto ! government of Panama was recofl* 1 nized. Under such circumstances the go?-, 3 | ernment of the United States wopld1 g have been guilty ef folly and weak- ^ ; ness, amounting in their sum to a crime ' ! against the nation, had it acted other- ' Wg \ wise than it did when the revolution of Nov. 3 last took place in Panama. This I great enterprise of building the inter: oceanic canal cannot be held up to | gratify the whims or out of respect to : the governmental impotence or to the 1 even more sinister and evil politicalf ! peculiarities of people who, though i they dwell afar off, yet, against the ' ",J| i wisn or tne actual aweners ou tne isuj^ mus, assert an unreal supremacy over. ! the territory. The possession of a ter- ' i ritory fraught with such peculiar ca? ; pacities as the isthmus in question car* ries with it obligations' to mankind. '' JS The course of events has shown that ' jj i this canal cannot be built by private | enterprise or by any other nation than our own: therefore it must be built by the United States. Xcw Treaty With Panama. Every effort has been made by the 4|1 government of the United States to per- ' ' M suade Colombia to follow a course ;:0 which was essentially not only to onr- interests and to _ the interests of the 'jM world, but to the interests of Cokan- ,-v|a bia itself. These efforts have failed, ' A| and Colombia, by her persistence in repulsing the advances that have been > made, has forced us for the sake of ' fP| our own honor and of the interest and . J* well being, not merely of our own poppie, but of the people of the isthmus of Panama and the people pf the civilized ' countries of the world, to take decisive ."* $ steps to bring to an end a condition or ^ affairs which had become intolerable. The new republic of Panama immedi- -X ately offered to negotiate a treaty with Ji us. This treaty I herewith submit. By it our interests are better safeguard- / ed than in the treaty with Colombia : ^ which was ratified by the senate at Its | last session. It is better in its terms "3 than the treaties offered to us by the republics of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. At last the right to^begin this great undertaking is made available. Panama has done her part. All tift r*. .y'3| mains is for the American congress to do its part, and forthwith this republic will enter upon the execution of a jj project colossal in its size and of well nigh incalculable possibilities for the .good of this country and the nations of \ mankind. ' . .. . . .."i- 13