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BAKER HEARD FROM ♦ * r WAR SECRETARY ASTONISHES SENATE COMMITTEE . RECORD OF ARMY AMAZES brilliant army -atrat«Ri«!a t parts, eipartn In arms, eiparts Iq built liBPpUt, satjtrUl la liidastry f and .'ot^the army. The o In a Wonrlorfnl Statement H<y*r»'tarj’ v uu twmiirK An<1 country which ,.f HU lUilfttt | broufftf^loio' tlM war has manufacture, and they told us*not merely the formal and military 'problems, but they brought over with (hein men who ^ were In from the beginning. Nn their reorganiza tions pt their IndiistrleH, In their motarlltzattyn of their induntrial plants, and we sat down with them In little groups until finally wo rel ated and collected and extracted all the Information which they could give us from their respective coun- the great special apartment starting. I think. nient ami Tolls u Story of (hir War Pro|Miratioiis That Is Won derful and o\-lliliratliig. Appearing before the Senate Com- r litter Monday to reply to Senator ( luimberlaln’s strictures, Secretary of War Baker made a complete and comprehensive reply, covering — all points raised and telling the Amer ican people exactly what has been accomplished. Now, gentlemen, about the plan of the war. It will be remembered that this war broke Out in August, 1 ^ 11,,... We wenL into It In Aprllr 1!MT, so that for two and onethalf .years, or more than two and one- half years, the war had been going on It was not as though war had broken out between the United States and some country, each mf them prior to that time having been at *peace with one another and with everybody else; so that an Imme diate plan should he made In the United States for conducting war against Its adversary, hut we were coming Into a war which had been going on for two and one-half years. In which the greatest nHlltury ei- perts. all th** Inventive genius, all • if the Industrial rapacity of those greatest countries In the world had for two and one half yeara been solv ing the problem of what kind o? war It was to be and where It was to be waged "It w*a not s thing for us to de- ode where our theater of war should to* The theater of war was Krance It was not for us lo de« lde of rommunteat Ions Our Hoe of communication was across 3.out miles of ocean, one end of It In fested with submarines It was not fur US to decide whether we mould hs»e the maneuvering of large U>dlea of trnot*# jn the open There lay the satsgoalsts on opfNMilte aides of No %l*a s l<*nd la the trenches st s death grapple with one another Our antagonist was oa the other Side of that line and o«r problem • as sad Is to get over there and s«*t st him It was not the problem of do Isg It osr say asd letting every- b*«ly else lake care of himself In the first place se sere gtdag to fish! is Krasce. a«*t oa our os a soil asd so* nm nmr adversary a soil, and therefore at the very hmtlnaing. II • as obvloss that the thing we had to do was aof lo map out an Ideal l»laa of campaign not to have the war college, with Its spernlatlve e'sdies of Napoleon and everybody else, map ant the theoretically heat • ay to get at Mime oth«r country, hut It was the problem of studying the then etutlng situation and bringing the financial, the indualrtal and the military strength of lh« , ‘.brought that sort, or.Bcnt ub that sort of a Ktaff of experiar. and It, has been necessary to compare notes, and with this as a basis to form such an I^en hs might be formed of what was the •thing fur us to do ov.t l here. "But that was not enough. They admitted that ty. wtis impossible to draw that picture. They could de scribe to us and .bring the specifica tions and drawings for a piece of artillery, but they could not tell us why the British theory of the use of artillery w;is hy the British preferr ed to that of the French. They could not picture to a barrage of heavy howitzers as compared to a barrage of 75-mIn. guns. They could not picture to us the association of air craft, balloons and mobile aircraft with artillery uses. They could tell us about It, but. even while they told us the story grew old. "The one thing they told us from the very beginning to (he end was that this war,-of all others, was not a static thing; that our adversary was a versatile and agile adversary; that every day he revamped and changed his weapons of attack and •aid he doubted t this. AfUr soma dicussion as to the Ida- Policy of government In announcing with military, secrets Mr. Baker said it ninety-three or ninety-six officers, { *? 0 t the policy of the American do so, and has now, as I recall the figures, 1 or other governments to something like 3fl,000 pfflcers. They added; have had to bio trained, they have had to be specialized and that has had to go on . contemporaneously with this tremendous response to the changing conditions on the oth- Or side. , . • "In thfc meantime, when we start ed into^this war I think It was com monly thought throughout the coun try that our contribution at the out set might well be financial and in dustrial. The industries of this coun try .were' ^largely devoted at that time, the appropriate industries, were largely devoted to the manu facture of war materials for our al lies. "I suggested this morning when we went into that market we found it largely occupied, so that our prob lem was not going to a shoe fac tory and saying ‘make shoes for "I am saying this now because you have asked me why I have held hack these facts until now. I am saying to you that you could not get from Great Britain at this minute—I do not.know- whether I could get the number of sol diers (ilreat Britain has in France or at home. I could get cn ap proximation; I could get whatever information might be deemed helpful to the immediate military object to be accomplished, but I could not get from Great Britain or France either one the actual number of troops they have at the front. - " ."It may be that precaution's un necessary . and yet that is the pre caution which military men have ob served, and I hay6 no further point .U— of Into the fonwt* of land British Hnea, and they have aaaiipied to un for our those regiments were of such Quail- use, rutting down Uiu tree*, setting ty that at the Cambral assault car- op saw mills, making the lumber rled on hy Gen. Byng, when the In various nlaee, transporting it to Germans made their counter-attack, the places where it Is to be ^l our engineer regiment threw down and then finally using iU their picks and spades and carried "We have had to go back to thi rifles ipto battle and distinguished planting of corn In France In order themselves by gallant action in the that we might some time make ai harvest, pur operations began in| the Torests of France, not us. but it was going to a factory j to make in the matter of the number which never made shoes, because all . 0 f troops there than to show, as I the shoe factoritULwere busy maklnt? j was nhowln* when I read that ex shoes for people from whom we tract, that our original intention was could not take them,, and saying, to make pur military effort in 1918; •learn how to make shoes in order, an( i | n August. 1917, a zealous ad- that you may make them for us.’| voesfe of immediate military ac- Now, of course, that is not true. ttvfty laid’ down as the maximum of shoes, but it Is true of machine 1 v>btainal>le program, a thing which guns, it is true of other arms, tt is i ha8 been multifold exceeded, tiue of ammunition, it is true of j ••Why did we decide to send some frtrging capacity, which was the | !. ri , n0 „ | n lol7? „ ls „„ greatest defect in the country, and | « Tr ,.,. When Marshal Joffre came ,aI1 of this time w'e had not merely to disturb the program 6f allied manufacture in this country, but we had not to cut off the supplies of raw material* to our allies, and we harf not to disturb the Industry of his methods of defense; that the sto-1 ' hl " 1 co ' ,n,r y «° •“‘•h «" «>»*“' <ha| Hm they were telling us vara lr«alS« dM _' u upon which they depended • hen they left KhkImih! anti France. hut an entirely different thing was probably taking place there now. and they told us of large supplies of weapons or one kind and anojher whU snd fore they got then In sufficient Quantity nanafartnmd to take them from the Industrial plants to the front worn onnemded by btd'ta'6e Thrown Into heap •They «ald to no; Thka la a mov ing picture; It In aontblng that n&- body ran paint and give yon nn Iden of. it la not n staltnUml thing "Therefore It hemn nsresunry for na to have eyes there. Instant to this country from France, when the British mission came from France they told us of a situation which we had not up to that time fully appreciated. There had been In France recently conducted before that an unsuccessful major offen sive. The-french people had suf^ not is not adapted to describe, but our imagination can not conceive. The war Is in their fi.r lbs success of- their mllfary'l fered. „h! suffered in a way operations would he Interfered with, only ‘our language » both agricultural and commercial, and Industrial products. • M the out**. ,he Ides wa« tkal I rountry. . Thl, wolf has not only h they had developed la Kraace ** *°" , . "■•■clal and Indu.- |„.,. n at their door, but he ha. been Knalaad. sad wbt. h. even be- a", r .\ U .'7 d " r *"« m>awlag (or two years and a half he year 1918. sad I think proha- .( ,i, P , r whpn |h( . bly one ran read from the Matro- • arrMa(a | offewaive had gone on polltan n..«a«tne for Augu.t a .u«-;,her* na. a .pl.lt not of .utretuier, whl(h WtU show what the.S^t n t tmtm mUnnnet #"*■ rl, "V * and thm mighty military en- nra. The editor of the Metropoll- w||lrh 1^4 goon ptepnrel tan maga.lne wan prote.tlng agnln.t otrrr „ me , bem fur nhnt he believed lo he the ntenlloa ... Illrm , hp|r of th, government at that time j, h „ abr , hrr , Here Kenalor Week, interrupted Krenrkman died la hi. ttaek., a. V k il l>, » 1 lh * of .they -ere willing }„ do. or not' *»\ rh "**"**** I• if ***°‘ j Rhat It was an Irmlatlbl* thing, and . n that'Mr dmmev.'lt waa TeMH 10 •• •« elll cheer I —— ... sad nr M-nt over to Knave Uea . „,bnllaB editor, aad .oallaaed: IVr.t.lng .ad sent wHh him aol | • Tk,. m.aarlae rame oat la Aa- r i" r , ::\"L'ZT i:. .I mT - • ,,d ' d ' , “ r ‘" I .halt refer In a moment- bat we ~-Mure It la oar war. we want to i'"' ^ E? everyth,., into I. m. a. (i. per, pereoaaet ..( the army Ton an Sg fnm , rm "‘~ kM ; r " •it -1 mr dt.tde tf.en. UP ...I -na over to .,,n nhnt be «npr- -d to he the tn j 4W bw „ aaa M have beew de. Ilia! they naNld be at the Croat I Bat lime tkal we* were ^tT.'ldTac'off' r; r " ,,d lll “j • r h , i r - «n<l In thr warkfthn^ 1 Rhwm would have been no nurlcns bpr; 4t \>ry early In this war, 'Great Britain, through Balfour and his as sistants, and France through Joffre* said to us; ‘Send us Riursos and doo- t<frs.’ Why, before weVere scarcely in the war American units organiz ed- (n advance and anticipation by the Red Cross, which was taken over into the service of the United States through the surgeon gener al’s office, were on the hattlefied, and -there are tens of thousands of men in England and France now hler.s the.mlssion of mercy upon the first American appearing in France. "Our surgeons have set up hospi tals immediately behind the lines. They have been made military in every sense of the word. They have not been especially fortunate In escaping:, aitack from the air, and thus our early loss in this war, the losses of R£d Cross nurses and doc tors and orderlies and attendants in hospitals and ambulance drivers, who were sent over to assist our Allies in these necessary services, not only rendering assistance, but acquiring skill and knowledge of the circumstances and surroundings, so that when our own troops came in large numbers they could reader like service to our own forces. , “But that was not enough. It witM MUggeMetl that further troop* of mechanic* might In* ion •tied. By May we began to nee that we were going l« he over there In large forte, and tiie queMion that Then had to he an*w«*red wu», how will w* maintain an army In France? Special studies had to be made of that problem, and what they showed; in the lumber yards, as they did in this country. "That * great staff tinder Gen. Pershing's direction, containing so many men from* the American ar my, enriched hy captains of industry and masters of technical perform ance. in this country, all of these large industrial operations under general direction, such as the rail road and dock building, under a farmer vice president and a.; 'yice president, perhaps, of the Pennsyl vania Railroad, Atterbury, and men of that quality and experience sum moned in to aid him—those are the men who are carrying forward these operations w hich-are quite expens ive as those which are carried on over here r and at far greater diffi culty, because it means getting ma terial cable, as to sizes and spectfi-. cations,, having -it fabricated here and having it sent, across through these infested three thousand miles of ocean, and then set up on that side. v "Ih addition to that on the other side, it has T>een npre*i*ary for us t4W hulld hospitals, and that Is where the major need for hospitals ipay be. It has been necessary for the sur geon general’s sta4 to be divided in this fashion and to select supplies and procure materials, and to send over staffs of trained person's to supervise the construction of these hcwpitals, and to man them and equip them. All of that has gone on* contemporaneously with the work which has been done In th country, and then. In order that »»% this |s - oth**r element may be added to thltf^ kaleidoscopic character which /thlsfljj "They showed that the railroads and the facilities of France had dur ing this war been kept In an excel lent condition, far better than any nfis And yet. that those rail roads were used to the maximum to take care of th# needs of the French aad the British themselves, aad that whea oar army became a great ar my It would he necessary lor us to bsild hack of oar line aa ludepend* mmaalcatloa war nacessarlly has; I call your at tention to a th lug you already know. "‘fills war hod a more or set character until the Itansioo ^HuofAoo rhooced. on It turn rhonged la the lost few mowih*. M l»»*o we hod gotten ■wore or hw# u-n-l to the *Mu«<»on rrrnted by the unreefotnt t o* to Itanelo. there come the gveot llo'loo dr-fool which rolled for even giintct chon gen in unr pin no. In many wa>«. as. it nlll cheer oar people If you •end over some of your troops.* “We did send some troops. ••.It lhoi time we hod a rtedre. We run Id have newt over, m t«rml , Hrlioin. oar rrgwlor arm), nod in n ine •sr nrase w , ntlb a desire to hold Off until the eiThs .heir L|7r7-eW iJr ass a pitiful hartful of train- 1 aht«* finish th# war for an* _ tJ I*** "****•*•" - «er army n. aad y#t It was necessary to| -vLI’ I na good aa ac- ttieni no nod send mm»r m T^L***, r4,,t * r roaat of Itself aa the Iftrlllsh army Itirm sp and seed over to *nn a hot ha saMaaad la ha tha m-1 ^*.i .. _ ^ \ 'T 7 ^Mns'amiMmm^BflBBim fortori#s and In the la the armies, where • *»uld take place Im of th# front an that they the thing with their own as hark the dtails hy th# allien d which lo build this a#w army tan Man •* i ibat was to com# over n little later every day of the changing character I ailed Sinien mto ro«|«rsiloa with! 0 * •• r * that of Urent Hrltsia snd Frnnc# “Gen I'ervhlnc « »taff of experts In the m<»t immediate snd effective i officers ov#r there runs Into the as) That problem could not he de-i«*«toada. and they are busy ruled here | minute, snd every day that the sun mat wa mm n m ^ « lo cdher aordn, Fraore wan a 1 white ihet of paper, m» far an we • neve coocevwed. nod oa that we hod md tmly Ms write na army, hat we hod to write the meaw« of audotoialag that army and f the flrM time, whew a carefal nrlrallflr tad) of the opputv aal ties of Fraare to help an were made, from that hoar a»«ll thin we have hrea ha tiding hi Ft no rr focilMien. I ant ram eats. ogeacVn. jant an man) no sere here la the t sited Minim, oad winrr moay of them of the *smr chorartsw. "For lastnace. the French had ns turslly reserved .the be«t ports In France for their own supply The B^nnu JMUBWd WiBSg to send channel ports have heoa r r »srvnd for • regular division, hal not to the Hrtiuh When ae came la N °«r a hoi# regular srm> t woo a ere an or) foe wn to have lade- pm+rm p»*rt* foe eafry la tovler 'hat shat might hove he»»a n perfer t|y ncceptohle plan as to ma jor operations prior to the change in the Hnsiaa sit as lion, or prior to the change in the Itslion sitsstloo had in he remedied lastnaily. nod for (hot rennoa smoog others, there lo now organised, ns you know. In Fmoce. pnrsunot to sagge«tioo of Mr i.ioyd George the supreme war roeartt. and the I mted dtatov is represented on that I * the chief of staff «»f the Aumrtraa n.*my. and the major tate^nn'ioanl nrrvn^ementn In mrnrd to tho milttnry or * worked out them while Gen Fershtng art f of experts are working out Ikes# « thnr quest loos "I faacy la this audience there ! rl,< ^ * rablcgrsm* from <i**n a are men who have been In th# Ifwm ten to jd^nmi and trenches Thq sltogether unpme- dented rhsrsrter of thst problem Is U.e thing which every returning vis itor tell* us < mnnot be described In words, cannot he put down In re port*. it Is s thing so different from anything else that aver la ara. doing at thin tad In the world, so vast la Its desolation, so extraordinary in Its uniqueness thst it must ho seen snd studied on the ground in order to be compre hended at sll. "It Is easily imagined that we mlKht have perfected «n army over here and carried It across the ocean and found it wholly unadapted to Its task, and it ml^ht well have been that the army that we sent over wax just one thing that they did not need and that some other thing which would have been the thing essential to their success. "So that from the very beginning it was not a question of abstract speculation here, but a question of study there to find out where our shoulders to the wheel could be put. "They realized that. And so Great Britain sent over to us Mr. Balfour and Gen. Bridges and a staff of experts. They came over here and you saw Mr. Balfour in the House of Congress and at tho White House .and in public meet ings at one place and another, but the group of experts whom they brought over with them you did not see much of. and yet they distrib uted themselves through the War Department and the ordnance ex perts sat down with Gen. Crozier; their suppply experts’ with Gen. Sharpe and his assistants, their strat egists sat down with the army war college, and all over this city there were these confidential groups ex changing Information, telling how the thing was over there, what we could do, what they advised us to do, what experience they had in,de veloping this, that and the other im plement or supply, how certain plans which one might naturally have evolved out of the past experi- m;. twmty page* long, filled with mesa- this magaslae^referfiVo aremeau art form a las aad changes . which va In d«*all« of thing# which vere evt » r y nerve in a agreed ii|»on laat week and changed ' effort to this week, and need to he changed ; | n response to a again next week, oo that what we this yenr.* I fair Itl?. I tell im |*eneciiy wen In this group * hat in hapywneil wa# thol went aver and of Fvwia hhmed the n* they J thol there might am hr ndmtxfsrr of oar •apfdlc* throngh thm# port* • *f dt*raih«»»holloa with thoor of o<h* er aoti«»a*. Wr were gt\ra porta. %• >on. prrhaftM. recall, the porta of France are thiol porta, port* with deep unler am! htcal haoia at high fhftr*, with laawfflrlrat aifer for ag at the dork* shea the tide 'That lx n | beea volug oa men Om vhfe has i »»! t • • t>«- tloa to done "tare of what ha* iver there, gentle- lde much of what lone, aad la addF i Mb all tha thing* wa have • fi'i 4*k you to remem * by using the eyes of the arm* there, to keep up to what they want ut to do ” "Already you will find In your further examination Into some of the bureau work of the department, some of the dlvlilons, when they come down, you will find that sched ules which were agreed upon, wea pons which were selected and which we had started to manufacture, have been so far discarded that people have forgotten the names of them almost, and new things substituted in their place, and those forgotten and news things in their places. "So. that if one gets the idea that this is the sort of war we used to l ave, or If he gets the idea that this is a static thing It is an entirely erroneous idea, and when you re member that we had to divide this little handful of officers that we had and send so large a part of them to France and then think of those who remained at home you wifi rea lize. 1 am sure, that those who re mained here had the double duty, insufficient for,either aspect of it. in numbers—and they still have this double duty—they had to go for- bef amoag Ihe this •Ida, la thi army, not of ’» achieve meat # oa build tag of this • i* •mi (*f | 0M 1)00 cf «*ot*.Qbo, bat of ■ubataatially a million gad one-half men have more than the her of men In France In August. 1H7. He continued: "And then the editor goes on: ••‘And by next year ISM8, we could have had 500.000 men to send over, or any part of 500,000 men, w hich we could ship.* "\mn in-i«a(l of hating 90*600 or 100,000 men in France In 1017, we hate many more tnen than that in Franee, and instead of having a million men tthoRn tte could ship to France if we eould find any way to do it In 1018, tte will have moie than one-half million men in France early in 1018, ami tte have available, if the transpor tation facilities are available to us (and the proepect is' not un promising) one and a half million tvho in 1018 cam be shipiied to France," Senator Weeks asked whether the Secretary knew who wrote the edi torial and Mr. Baker said he thought it was attributed to Mr. Wiggin, the editor-in-chief. . "Why,*^ asked Chairman Chara th ere. "They had to be hospitable to suggestions which came from the other side! they had to confer with the foreign officers who were here ence of the world hatk been tried .and were constantly being changed, there and fouad^not to worlt at all. [so that men fresh from the front "They were exchanging informs-j ctfuld be her# to advise with us, snd tlon. giving us all that.they thought , in accordance with that every one was helpful. And then came Jof- of them had to be a university pro- fre. with his wonderful reputmtlon Tensor, going out loto the Ufa of the snd his great snd charming person-, community and selecting men who allty. and ha made a great figure, had maehaakwl experience art here and we welcomed him It was fcnowledpe art training aad adding a tremendous .inspiration to not th# to hit original aqnlpmtat tha hero of the Marne, bit with him tlflc Gaining, that ftnlahiag staff of flfloea which ward with manufacturers, work out i ' )Cr * a * n ’ *^ ave you not ^ I )r °P er industry, and industrial relations. *°. public into the confidence "They had to see about supplies , " ^ 10 ^ ren( t ' t0 ^ lat of raw materials and manufacture j * ()U an> H'lling now? finished products and make from j "Senator, I confess that I have day to day alterations and changes hesitated ami I still hesitate," re- that had to be made and they had ! plied the Secretary. "I have here to be in general conference with a statement from Field Marshal von suggestions, to see whether they j Hindenburg, in which he is-quoted (could devise on Jhis side something i as saying in a German newspaper in which had not been thought of over contemptuous fashion of us that we have advertised our preparations for this war in an unworthy manner." In them "Of course* they welcomed the British, but their need was not so great when the British went. Of course, they welcomed the British, but there were ties' between tnem "As a consequence ih# construc tion of dorks and wharves In ports of that kind is very much more dlf- (cult than where you ha*e a deap Is to erect a pile wharf. We have had t» build dock*; we have had to fabricate In thl* com try and *eml over dock handling machinery : we have had to *end from this country even the pile* to hulld the docks;; And. bow let me be frank with you and (at your Judgment be frank with me about this. Has any army in hltfory* ever, slocq the begin- Jiiag of time, been so raised and car ed for aa this army haa? Can tho n . iugtara be "duplicated? \\> have tef o<\ raised this army, taking the regu lar army and the National Guard, raising It to war strength and sup plementing It by the operation of a draft and there are Senators In this room who said to me with grief when we proposed that that form of and us which there has not been hod ,to erect over there wureho we have had to have cram** manu- raising the soldiers should be had. factored in thl* country and sent to they g hook their heads and said- he erected on tho*e docks; we have *|| r . Secretary/ it can t be done. It between them and the British* and so when our troops went there was an instant spontaneous rise in the morale of the French, but an equal ly instant and spontaneous insist ence tjiat these soldiers who came from America should continue to come in an unbroken stream. And so, we made the election. We decided not to send the regular army as a whole, but to send regu lar divisions and National Guard di visions and National Guard divis ions selected according to the state of preparation, and keep back here some part ^of our trained force in ofder that it might innoculate with its spirit and- its training these raw levies which we were training, and one after another these divisions Is too suddea to address to the "Dp you think for a moment, Secretary Baker,’ said the chair-, man, "that there has been any time within the last year that the German secret service has not been fully advised as to every thing we have done?" "Yea. Senator, I know If I may rely upon the' confidential Information which we get from confidential sources, the Is still of men we hav# la have gone^over until in Trance there is a fighting army, an army trained in the essentials and in the begin ning of military discipline and prac tice, and trained, seasoned fighters in^ this kind of a war on the actual battlefieds where it is taking place. "Early in this war, when Joffre was hei*e, ami when Balfour was here, they sjiid to us, ‘It may take you some time to get over to us a great fighting army, but you are a great industrial country, our man power is fully engaged in our indus tries and our military entorplses, send over artisans, special engineer ing regiments and troops of a tech nical character,' and although It was not contemplated at the outset and only a phrase In the emergen cy military legislation ahowa that the thing was thought of only a# a possibility, yet In a very short time we had organized engineering regiments of railroad men and sen| them over there aad were rebuild- lag behind the lines of the JGKIah the railroads which carried forward with at the ikrt-t* of diaembarkation In American people that mode of se- onlcr that the>M* vuM accumulations lecting soldiers.’ of Mores ami supplies which go over ... . . . . _ . . i i. And yet, has any great enter- ran bo properly houacl ami <anxl . know lad eo of anv l": ri ,a “ ,,C dlMr,bU *“ n.?n e X ^“eTeT 1 ^ cVieS "We hav^ad «o take over and' “/“• are in process of rebuilding and am- |( . omm the good sense of plifying a railroad six hundred miles patrloti8m of tbe ^ vi , an , )(>ople long, in order to carry our products n , • . - from our ports of disembarkation o, ? V .1 0nary to our general bases of operation, 1 , ‘ ,, . , ’ >r c ,?? 1 e ' er and all of that, gentlemen, has to be h l “h s<> “? <y as done, studied out as a necessary ‘he operation of the selective service thing to do, but when studied out, * < and reported here, the manufactures ^ e have got those young men in for those things have to be carried P am b an d they are surrounded from on in this country and the things ( * a y they left home until the day shipped over there, nails, crossties, they come back to it, if in God’s spikes, fishplates, engines, cars, providence they can come back, with more agencies for their protection building. "We have had to build ordnance ana comfort and health and happi- depot and repair shops and great. ness * physical, spiritual and mental, magazines of supply in the interior, i than any army that, ever went out All that problem has been carried^ on a field. ■ forward step by step. The plans for j "They are classified by a system a single ordnance repair shop whiph! under classification so that men I saw some time ago covered acres 1 who have mechanical instincts and and acre 4 s of ground, designed over | training Will be given mechanical here, the iron work fabricated over opportunities in the army. The here, disassembled, put in ships and round man is not sought to be put carried abroad to be reassembled into the ‘square place.’ Y. M. C. A., over there. • | the American people? hava subscrib- "We have‘had to build barracks 1 ed 'liberally for the purpose; the over there of our soldiers, and in Knights of Columbus, the Young the meantime to build them around Women’s Christian Association, the in the French villages. Building training camp activities, committee, barracks over there and building the training camp athletic commit- them here Is a very different thing, gentlemen. "When we summoned the lumber industry of this country to produce the lumber to build our own can tonments. It came in a great and steady stream from all over tbe cou a try. bnt when wa talk about tat France It tee and the Red Cross have all been brought in to live with the soldiers and by virtue of activities started in the War Department, the commu nities which surround these camps have been Instantly gotten away from the notion which used to pre vail of a certain alienation between B a dvlllarn ‘ and soldier group, art leans this It mrwmm to organise, j these soldier boys In these camps of * | CopUb art oa Page J.j