The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, October 19, 1916, Image 3
fmm aijjes i ,H a
TO MEET PROTESTS ON
NEUTRAL MAIL SEIZURES
ISWER AFTER ELECTION
|W Joint Note TVance and Great Brit-
IN A MONTH LAW IS
. DECLARED CONSTITUTIONAL
Supreme Court in Rn Bane Decision
Also Uphold Webb-Ken-
yon law.
Both the gallon-a-month acf and
the Webb-Kenyon. law are upheld in;
decisions of the. r 8uprenie court en
banc filed Saturday. E. J. Brennen l
of Columbia brought r.n action in the j.
ROD MANIA 1$ DEMORALIZED BY
ADVANCE OF TEUTONS
The army must move, ahS'moTe for
ward. Roumanla prorlded the mueh-
aeeded iheatra aihere aoma mraaufj
ARMY FLEES FROM FIGHT
Kichland circuit court to upset the
. gallon-a-month act and on losing
aln Reject American Argument for j there took an appeal. The Webb-
Kenyon law was brought into ques
tion in action brought ih Greenwood
by the Charleston and Western Caro-
lin^rallway against Reuben Cosnell,
chief of the county rural police, and
others.
The court en banc h^ld that a dis-
the.
Non-Interference With Mails on
High Seas—.Allies Assert Their
Right and Accuse Germany.
Examination of tho Allies note on
the censorship of, mails, made publi' > '
Sunday morning, has brought a feel
ing among officials that it does not
aatisfactorily-toeet the protests set
forth In the American note of May
24, which said that “only a radical
change restoring to the United States
its full rights as . neutral power
would satisfy this government.’’
The state department has watched
with interest, however, the informal
' arrangements made by British au
thorities through their trade depart
ment and through such conference as
that^pf,Sir Richard Crawford in N^w
York recently, and is understood to
feel that resentment among Ameri
can citizens over tin Allied censor-
ship has been greatly lessened.
It is thought unlikely that any re
ply will be made In the three weeks
before election. In this connection
diplomatic circles attach much signi
ficance to President Wftson’a decla
ration at Long Branch Saturday that
it is "almost impossible to do any
thing positive" in the field of foreign
affairs during the campaign.
t AR the information reaching the
5
lb
New York Times Expert Contrasts
Retreat of Roumanians With That
of Roumanians in lOlo—King Is
sues Pitiable Appeal for Help
From His Allies.
criminatiotf complained of in
For the first two years of the war
_ ^ j, the German people were fed on vic-
Brennan case did exist under the dis- ( ^ or i es wherever the German arms
pensary system in force at the time were carried the people were accus-
the suit was begun, but that the j ome( j t 0 loo* f or triumphant pro
state being dry 110 discrimina- j g reBS _ They saw it in the early days
non existed. | in u e igj Umi j n France. Later they
. , In , th - e K Qo f n ® 11 “ be the c ?“ rt su r saw it in Russia and in Serbia,
taiaed the right of peace officers to, But they d)( j not g ra6p the true
seize liquors in trans t for unlawful; 8igniflcauce of thlDgg They did not
purpose, without awaiting either ac- &ee w j, at ft meant to be confronted
tual or constructive delivery. The great resources of the allied
shipment in question was shipped ; e th did not 8ee the re c U p-
“order not fy and on its being seiz- £ ratlve force in these power8; they
ed the railway sought to recover It did not a the steadfa8t purpos e
under claim and delivery proceed-, which actuat ed them.
., . . . They saw Russia defeated and
The court s opinion in the Bren- from lheir point of view out of ^
nen case, written by D. E. Hydrick, aar And peace P roposals and ru-
associte justice was concurred in by mora flned the air Xhcy saw Ser .
Chief Justice Gary, Associate Jus-1 bia annihilat ed; the entire state oc-'
tices ^? d „ C1 o < ; ult ! cupied by Teutonic forces. They saw
Judges John S. Wilson, H. 1*. B* 0 ®- the British forced to withdraw from
Mendel L. Smith, Ernest Moore, T. S. the Gallipoli penin8U i a , with an ac -
Sease, James E. Peurifoy, IL W. ^nowlcdged defeat. They caw every-
Memmlnger, Frank B. Gary. A dis-
manln must be turned Into mother
Serbia, another Be 1
Therefore,' we find the Gormana
fdreing the situation in Roumanla jii
a great attempt to duplicate their
two mest definite, most conclusive
campaigns.
Let us go back to the beginning
of the Roumanian attempt to occupy
T.ansylvania. At he very outset
Austria announced that her battle
line would be greatly lengthened if
she aitompted tp guard the entire
bordei* and prevent the incursion of
the Roumanian forces through the
various passes across the Transyl
vanian wall. Therefore she would
shorten her line by occupying only
the chord of the arc rather than try
and hold every point on the arc it
self. 4
This was good logid'. The entrance
of Roumania necessarily added many
miles to the existing battle lines, ana
where possible this situation should
be minimized. As a matter of fact,
the more probable reason was that
the German and Austrian forces werer
so busy elsewhere that they did not
of success might be looked for. Rou-
have the men available to step into
that territory.
The Roumanian ambition was to
reach and hold the line from Orsova
to the northwestern tip of Roumania,
where Bukowina juts down, follow
ing generally the line of the Maroa
Valley. The German plan was to
hold back the Roumanians, as far as
possible, without too great a concen
tration of mei) and material, and to
centralize their efforts In Dobrudja.
Here, it was rightly thought, waa
PRESENCE of submarines
-Wftfc-MOf-BE OFFENSIVE
: » - 1 . (
Government Policy to be Determined
Later But If Iaw is Obeyed U.
• S. Will Not Interpose.
The policy of the United States re
garding the recent U-boat raid off
the New England coast will not be
determined until much complete in
formation as to all the facts has been
received.
Before any policy is determined
upon, it is expected that the opinion
of the neutrality board will be con
sulted. : The board was called into
session immediately after the U-b< at
appeared on this side of the Atlantic
and several meetings have'been held
since. Any decision it renders will
be submitted to Secretary Lansing,
but it will not be binding.
Evidence is accumulating to indi
cate that in case the aqtual opera
tions of submarines in the Western
Atlantic 0 is guided by the principles
of international law, their presence
off the coast will not be considered
offensive as was the case of the
Allied cruisers which the United
States asked to have withdrawn early
in the war.
TEUTONS FORCE TIEN TO BOi-
DEROF TRANSYLVANIA
PRESSURE IS KEPT UP
Bucharest Reports Uepulee < ; ’
tacks Rut Bavarian Snoop*
vade Country IVons the North
Through Rothenthurm Pass Which
, They Recently Captured.
In Transylvania the forces of the
Teutonic allies are continuing their
drive on the Roumanians along al
most all of the front. Bavarian
troops which captured the Bothen-
thurm pass now have crossed the
border into Roumania.
According to Bucharest, which ad
mits. the retirement of the Rouman-
Officials point out that the Allied around Kronstadt, fierce Ten-
vessels were only a few miles off tonic attacks were repulShJ south of
senting opinion by .R. C. Watts,* as
sociate justice, was concurred in by
Circuit Judges George E. Prince and
J. VV. DeV.ore. A separate disseht-
juartment is understood to indicate LM-« pl, l iOU ii W ffj fi ' ed by S ‘ W ' , Germany ^pressed their amazement
iat the Allies have determined to| m . rn , A ! that > in 8 ' ,i,e of acknowledged defeat
ke their firmest attitude on the' , JuBtice v U e , VH a» th ® Allies did not sue
bjeet, feeling that absolutely vital! T° r P®®c«-
where the German lines deep into the
territory of their enemis.
And when Serbia was vanquished
and Britain’s Gallipoli venture was
given up ^ hopeless, the papers of
late rest s are involved. Otficials arei
; sociate Justice Gage concurring, with
id to feel therefore that anv fur ' the fo,0,wln * circuit Judges: Ernest
to reel tnereiore mat any fur-, Moore> T s Sease H F Kice , w
ther positive step by tho United
States might bring the controversy to
« much more critical stage.
In their reply to American pro-
teM* against Interferenc e with neu
tral maiJ«, live Allied governments
•vlterate lheir right to intercept
and search all genuine wail found
. on neutral venaHa <>■ the high seas
°r In Allind ports but they promise
U> remedy "any faults, ahuaea or
serious mistake*" In censorship
that may be brouclu to tfcetr at
tention.
They declare unjustified by facts
the American charge „that Illegal
Jurisdiction has been gained by diver-
Men of neutral ships from the high
Verdun came, the most tremen-
dpus battle of history. The German
forces were poured In a mighty flood
Bowman, F. B. Gary. John Wil- gainst the French lines; they over-
son. James-E. Peurifoy and Mendel
I,. Smith. A concurring opinion was
whelmed the advanced posts, drove
the French back frunullJS. of
filed by Associate Justices Hydrick 1he W oeire to the“heIihU 'to tK
and Fraser. The minutes note dis- westward
ynt thereto on the part of Associate Itich by in( . h the flrct d ; yf(
Justice * n d 5.. r ?. u the Germans pushed the French lines
George Ki rtace, 8. W. O. Shipp and back, until what were truly the key
J. W. D#V#re. _ _ ,I positions were reached. And thoro,
* * * 1 in spite of the great stake for which
GERMANS MOVING MORE GUNS lh#y ^ "■'•“'"'G 0®nnan efficiency
ULtuiAHj fiiuviiiu mviu; uuro found that „ had mel lu mmcb The
' * 4 1 French lines held, refused to be drtv-
Keep TTirtn, However, About Mve en back further, and gave blow for
blow.
Mile Behind Somme Front. The German army was staggered
P«ri. rs— Th ® skcriftce of hundreds of thou-
arls reports. Although the Ger- #andg men bad been placed on ths
0f alter But victory refused to rest on
armor. Here was a belt of border
land, undefended by any natural ob
stacle, unguarded by any great
force. So Mackensen, one of the
leaders of German military successes,
was chosen for the task and sent into
Dobrudja with a force considered
ample- to-evush {Tie Houmarfian de
fense before it could be supplement
ed by Russian reinforcements, to
take the great bridge at Cernavoda,
and strike a blow at tfie very heart
of the new enemy.*~*T
Then fne German victory would 1>«
complete. The Roumanian army in
Transylvania would be taken in rear,
its line of communications cut. Us
retreat assured. Titus would Ti*an»
sylxanu. be redeemed
land while the U-boat operations
were at least fifty miles off the near
est land. Neither has there arisen
any case of the Germans p rsuing
vessels straight down the coast, as
did one of the British cruisers, or
operating .so close to American tern-
the weak point in the Roumanian torial waters as to require a neutral
ity patrol. It Is realized, however,
that should a practical blockade of
American ports develop the govern
ment would consider it had grounds
for action.
luto th* territory water* of tho •«» retreat to a shorter line, they thHr banner ,. The at homtl
Allies. The next move of the Amerl- evidently are becoming more and
can government has not'been deter-! >»ore alarmed at the success which
mined. I attends the French attacks after
The note, transmitted Jointly by n > e t ho *H<'*l artillery preparation,
the British and French government.! They certainly are taking steps to re-
It makes reply to Secretary I.an- I,r ‘'«t If it should become necessary
sing’s memorandum of May 24 in to do so.
which the United States declared the But. on the other hand, they mean
Allies had been giulty of ’’lawless *° (O' their utmost to hold yn along
practises in their mail censorship MH’ L’eronne-Bapaume front until
methods and that ‘Vinly a radical winter. They have brought up a
change restoring to the I'nfted States (treat deal of fresh artillery, esperi-
its full rightu as neutral power, will “By heavy guns, an4 showed qo
satisfy this government.'' I shortage of ammunition throughout
must be fed. , And when victories
were not, they were claimed and sent
bark for those at home to gloat over.
Dead Man's Hill was, according to
the German reports, taken several
times. But the Germans never took
it. All they did was to rhaure Its
place on the map.
As week after week passed by,
Ing back the Roumanians would not
he retreating to their own safety but
Into the very Jaws of the Germs*
trap, which would then be sprung.
But Mackensen failed. Directing
his attack close to the Danube on tin
Roumanian right, he met with Initial
aucreesee. Then came the Roumanian
counter stroke against the Teutonic
right wing. This king was forced
hack, the left had to give way with
It. and the Germans found thent-
selve* after all their fighting at least
a day's march back of their most for
ward position. The end of the Do
brudja campaign was In sight, and
victory, if victory there was to be,
had to cyme from another quarter.
Von Falkenliayn, the deposed
chief of staff, was hurried to Tran
sylvania. and to him was aligned the
task of driving the Roumanians back.
The attack In rear having failed, a
frontal attack had to be made. And
here have the Germans tasted for
the first time since early June
Hermannstadt with heavy casuLltles
to the attackers.
Vienna reports: The recapture
from the Roumanians of the Tran
sylvanian city of Kronstadt Is re
garded here as having been due
largely to the generalship and strat
egy of Gen. von Falkenhayn, ably
supported by Austn-Huuganan gen
erals. Von Falkenhayn wag able > >
execute what Is regarded one
the most brilliant open field'i
ncreuvres of the war. Of tho tro 1 :. .
which assisted him especial praise is
given to the Bavarians and the Hun
garian honveds.
the Allies nor any one else can help
them unless they do their part.
If we may Judge tho Roumanian -
frame of mind from this remarkable| The fact that the Austro-Gcrmao
appeal of their king, they are already forces were able to interrupt Roa-
beaten. They do not appear to have' manlan telegraph and telephone com-
the stomach for a fight. They are) munlealions at many points played
not In danger yet. and may recover uu important part! For example, ths
their equilibrium before seriousMam-j Roumanians operating near Her-
age is done. But they cannot expect' mannstadt were dependent on orders
to stand aside and let others do their! from headquarters at Ploesci, in Koo-
flghting for them and still reap th-'' manta, forty-live miles sorth of Buch-
UuL in fall-1 rewards of victory. _l» r —* Th — D<x>f felt ihe later-
According to all reports ihe pastiruptlon of Their communlcatlona ao
week on the western front has been seriously that French avlatorn were
one of almofct steady rain, which has directed to keep the wires Intact, but
tbs awn. This they bars suae sc lad In
and the liuea of \erdun were not fruits of even a sdiall victory. doing no far. When they fail to do
changed, the German army saw that n j,, fn iall as yet; It may assume so, thetr saceess palls.
It - great effort wu* a failure. They greater proportions later. As the mat-1 The French hnfe made one single
could not take \erdun, aiH^-lkcy did | ter lltBI , dl| noVk ( Koumaolans have effort south of the Somme and the
turned the Somme dlatrict into n) they failed. Bavarian artillery
quagmire. For the greater part of the woyk Impossible, bnaging 4pwa
the-week the battlefield has been en- several French aeroplanes,
veloped in mist, which hts made auc-l Telejtraph lines wars tappsd. and
ceaaful aviation an Impossibility and ordsra from Ploesci to tba command-
prevented nnytblng like accurate ar- er of ths First Roumantan army to
tlllery fire. hold hla ground until tha arrival at
One great factor In the successes ib«. Second army fall Into Ihe haadto
which the Allies have attained so far of the Germans unknown to Plonad.
has been the superiority 6l their air The Second army, occupying ths Sec*
service. * Their airmen have been' eavnr-Fogarns line, changed Its pest- *
able to direct the preparatory artll- tlon for tha purpose of maktag m
lery fire with great precision. When strong attack os Gen voo Falksw-
condltlons are favorable for this, the. hayn's troops. The Roumanian forces
Allied attacks are held up. were directed at Hermannstadt. with
It la a question of minimizing tho main body advancing In n west-
losses Osins can be mads and ths «rly direction thrangh ths Fogara^
lines advanced, but at a coat which Basin
would be prohibitive If ths b«ttto| Thf .„ uat|on of lh#
is to accomplish Uaporposo the Al- , „„ rr1tlcm| for . „
Ilea must inflict on the Germans loss- bot ¥oll wmhfn changed,
ss st least commensurate with their ^ d ,.position of his fores, to "
It is maintained by the Allies in
their latest note that they are “sin
cerely endeavoring to avoid any en
croachment on tho legitimate exer
the operations.
To show how the Germ ns fear
the rapid French infantry attacks,
they now have taken their heavy
else of* the rights of inoffensive neu-! d an * a lon K wa X behind their frost
trsl commerce." Delays and annoy-! Hne. There is now none nearer than
antes are unavoidable. It Is pointed miles. They evidently mean to
out. in the exercise of full belllgcy- do their utmost to save their heavy
ent rights by the Allied authorities,
and a long list of precedents are cit
ed to show the contention.
It is suggested that Tho Hague
convention quoted in tho American
memorandum la not bindiqg because
it has not been ratified-by sevtfj
belligerent powers, though the Allied
policy has been guided by the inten-'
lions it expressed.
/ >r _i In an Informal memorandum sub-
4 •itted some time ago. Great Britain
V^o
artillery.
not fake It. The battle on which
thcir'great chief ol stalf had staked
all proved hi* Neiutsis. The world,
saw the defeat, but the German*
could not afford to recognise it. They
had stated that they were goisvr'to
take Verdun, and they had to take it. |
The fighting was still In progress
when the great Russian offensive
1 was launched. From that day Ger-
! many has not seen victory in any
I form. The German people have gone
Roumania entered the war
been driven back to their own bor-j territory gained haa been at aboat
der. or near it. and. It la claimed.! Hi* average rata of tha laat faw st-
» Germaa* Lnet :t,5M,0l A.
The British official press bureau hungry
announces the German losses during and Germany's chance came,
the war up to the end of September Here was an enemy, a relrtlvely
as dead 870,182; prisoners and miss- small enemy, who could, if a suffi-
tng 428,820, and wounded 2,257,007, cient concentrati* n of men and guns
a total of 3,556,018. The figures are could be made, be defeated. Here
declared tq have been compiled from was a chance to once more feed the
German official lists. | hunger and quench th£ thir.t of the
German people. And here we have
inted out at length th® changes 1 owners. | Germany on the offensive.
As the matter is regarded in this ln France and Belgium Germany
made in censorship methods to expe
dite mail examination. These
changes are only referred to briefly
In the present communication. The
note is nearly five thousand words in
length.
The note, in effect, admlto in prin
ciple, but denies in practice, the im
munity of mails, which is recognized
in international law. Great Britain
and France assert they have the
right to inspect Ameiican mails while
seeking both contraband and enemy
correspondence.
The conflict arising between the
belligerent right to search for contra
band ana the neutral right recogniz
ed by the law of nations in the In
violability of mail is part of the con
troversy. The reply combats every
argument used by the state depart
ment in its attempt to maintain for
the United States respect for this
country’s rights on the high seas.
In virtually admitting the right of
the United States. Great Britain de
clares it cannot be enforced. The re
ply Is a challenge to this government,
ns it is generally regarded as being
the- final word of the British and
French governments on the subject.
The two allied governments claim
the right to divert neutral mail ships
from their course and take them Into
allied jiorts for the Tjurpose of in
specting, censoring or confiscating
mall matter. -
Thin claim the United Sta.es b^s
repeatedly denied, in the in tance of
deflection of ships with cargqps as
well as cf ships with mails. —It has
been denounced as unwarranted In
terference with’ American rights and
A* A complete denial of rights guar-
teed by both thOTustoms and the
ws of nations. .
The American p-.ltion Li that
Great Britain has r.o right forcibly
to take neutral vessels into British
xrept with the permission of
the government whose flag the ship#
fly.. Greet Britain and France H
their note declare some veasels voi-
' umanly enter silled ports for esmm-
ins Dos of their malts, skippers of
•uck ships being so directed by their
w
country, these vessels do not, in fact, ^ as t a8 t®d only defeat. The attacks
voluntarily enter British ports. Co- Allies have been driven home,
ercion is exercised in the form of de- one a tter another; more than two
nial of such ships au refuse "volun- ® n tire army corps have been taken
tarlly’’ to enter British ports of the prisoner, between twelve and fifteen
right to coal at British ports, to take army corps rendered hors de combat,
out British maritime insurance or to There is n'l hope for a German offen-
use British cables or banking fatil- sive here.
^ I It is all they can do to hold their
Owners of vessels, it was said by own j n f ace British and French at-
authorlty, naturally would consider t ac k 9> an( i they are not doing this
it the safer thing to submit, to this w jth a ny great degree of success,
form of compulsion, retaining their. They point with derision to the small
coaling and other privileges, than to g a i ns which have been made against
be denied all and at the same time their lines, to the small belt of terrl-
have their vessels forcibly convoyed tory which has been regained,
into British jurlsdicMon. . . ' ... . ...
In regard to The Hague conven- Th « y d< J n
tion which France and Great Britain ' Th^v Hn
claims refer to mails found only at ■ more than twice thc tlmc ' They do
sea and not to postal correspondence
found on ships In post, they contest
the validity sf the convention be
cause It was not ratified by six of the
belligerent powers—Bulgaria, Half,
Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Tur-.
key. However, mails appertaining to
pacific matters and to commerce only
are protected, they claim.
The reply accuses Germany of fla
grantly violating International law,
saying ’’that the-chmlnal ” habit of
sinking ships, passengers and car
goes, or abandoning on the . high
seas” is not any justification for the
destruction of mail bags on board.
As regards the cases cited by the
American note to prove that in pre
vious wars mail has been held to be
Inviolable, the reply examines the
cases individually and finds that the
circpmstances differed from those lq
the present war.
Promise of financial comnencation
for injuries suffered by Americans
by reason of the unlawful operation
of the censorship ia guaranteed in
the concluding paragraph of the
note. ' ' - - ___
- Great Britain and France-not only
claim the right to • uperVTse _ ~m»TIs
which have enemy destination, but
malls between neutrals, as between
Holland and the Scandinavian coun
tries and the United Sutee proceed
ing la both
a* rose the border in one place.
Whether the offensive can Ik* carried
further remains to be seen. Prob
ably it ran.
I It ia noticeable in the German re
ports that only a few prisoners but
large masses of war material are
claimed to have been taken. This U
sufficient indication of (he primary
cause of the defeat.
It would serin that Die Rou
manian force*, none of whom have
been under fire for year*, indeed.
Mince the I ant war Ivetween Turkey
and RusmIu, when they partirl|>at-
ed in the great Ivattle of Plevna,'
were unable to Miami under tire an
the more MraMoned troopM who had
hern through two yearM of war.
The German attacks, delivered as
German attacks always are, with tre
mendous force and accompanied by
heavy and well directed artillery fire,
threw them into a panic which thetr
officers were unable to quell. . The
line* broke, and evidently retreated
In disorder, abandoning everything
Rebind them with no apparent effort
to wend It to the rear before the re
treat began.
Note the comparison between this
and the great Russian retreat of last
year. The Germans, in the latter
case, took a great number of pris
oners, but it is certainly true that In
almost every case they were held
back until all the movable material
was sent to the rear by transport.
Place after place which had been
strongly held and guarded by guns
of all calibre was entered after the
Russians had left it. but only aa
empty shell was taken. It had been
literally stripped bare. Here In
Transylvania, however, .we find the
reverse. A panic undoubtedly seiz
ed the Roumanian forces. And It
was not confined to the men alone.
Apparently the Roumanian - high
command' has been likewise affected.
This has been communicated in turn
to the Roumanian monarch and we
see Jkjng Ferdinand, also panic
stricken, giving to Die press an UL
advised statement, saying in effect
that his forces are defeated, and that
If he is to be saved the fate of Bel
gium and of Serbia, the Allies, in
spite of their difficult problems in
other quarters, must send help.
• This, is ihe most amazing incident
<}f the war. It reflects neither credit
to the Roumanian people nor poise
to their king. It If the cry of a man
who feels that he may be hort, al
though be-has not been.
There Is much for the Roptpfhians
pressing the situation, so thet here
sgalq any offensive move Is out of
the queetioo
Of man military Idea is
s defensive con-option
1st the
spsotf
not compare the relative numbers of
prisonera*captured. The measure of
the Somme is not the few square
miles of territory. It Is the price
that has been extorted from thc Ger
mans for tfie futile defense of this
■territory.,
On the Russian front all the Ger-
nfims have been doing is to defend
.themselves against the terrific at
tacks which reorganized and resup
plied Russia-^-the same Russia which
was defeated apd^lmost driven out
of tlie war less than a year ago—has
sent against their lines. AU ques
tion of taking the offensive here has
been thrust aside by thc'vigor of the
Russian attacks.
In Itajy, Austria tried to take the
offensive in Trentino. Extensive pre
parations had been made for the ef
fort and, like many others. It was
successful to a point, but culminated
in defeat not only in Trentino but
ahmg fbe^ leeaso.
At Balonikl the guns of Sarrail be
gan to boom. The Bulgarian ad
vance was nipped in the bud. and the
Bulgara were driven back until thetr
aIuT'.iI tb T»TCTti«rrnT««Sm*« “”li.' pr 217*
•rn Roumanian border which lea res
much to be desired as a perfect »tra-
lackM. Over a front of about three
milch between Chaalnsw. end Remy.
they drove forward for*a depth of
nearly a mile, taking the first step ‘o
a movement which has for Its object
the capture of Chaulnes.
The method Is one with which we
have become familiar. It is th# for
mation of a deep pocket with Chaul
nes at the bottom, followed by a
drive across the mouth-, which will
close the avenues of rstreet to the
German defenders. This was. as we
hnow, the method at Uombles, and
at half a dozen other places.
On that section of the front held
by the Britiah the fighting has ap
parently been sevej-e at times, notice
ably along the Hapaume-Peronne
road, by reason of German counter
attacks. It is remarkable how fruit
less these attacks have become. Not
since the early days of the fighting
have they regained for the Germans
any lost ground,
This, however, when analyzed,
need not occasion a great deal of sur
prise. Of late, each allied effort has
resulted In a gain of a mile or more
over a fairly wide front. This means
that the Germans In the first trench
es have either had to retreat this dis
tance or been added to the casualty
lists.
It has, therefore, been much more
difficult tp prepare for the coun
ter stroke than when the gains were
measured in yards and the trenches
which the Germans still had to de
pend upon were practically as effi
cient for offensive operations as
those from which they had been
driven.
The British will undoubtedly find
that the way from their present lines
to Bapaume will be a good deal more
thorny than the way to their present
front. The Germans, realizing long
ago what, the objecUve .of ajl this
fighting wae, have beyond doubt im
proved every minute in strengthen*
Iqfe the defenses. It‘Is, therefore,
likely that when,the next British ef
fort does come we will not find it go
ing ahead at anything likf the same
speed' as the recent attacks have
gone.
The week has also seen a revival
of the Italian offensive in both Tren
tino and on the Carso. This move
has not progressed to the point where
any comment can. be Intelligently
made. It is Just In the beginning
and, if we may Judge from initial
progress, promises to develop sub
stantial results.
-^ItHs probably Inspired by the Rou-
tbe emergency. Tbe result waa that
| when the Koumaaiaaa reached tba
crest of the Fogaras range th y foand
themselves almost Inclosed la huka-
lol Vallay. This was von Falkaa-
hayn s master move. Tha Koumaa-
’ Ians, realizing thair danger, begaa a.
retreat.
I Some Roumanian detachments ad
vanced again Into the Fogaran range,
owing to the abaem of Auslro-Oer*
man troops there. Von rslkenhaya
1 paid no attention to this, hut concen
trated his troops against tha Raa-
manians staUoned on tha banhs of
the Alt River, suddenly changing the
direction and front of his forces from
south to northeast. The Roumanians
on the Alt la the meantime were
hemmed In by Auairtan and Hun
garian forces, so that von Falkao-
hayn’s attack the second time
brought the Roumanians Into a blind
alley, exposed to an enfilading fire.
The Roumanians retreated to Ft>-
garas, taking ap 1a position from
which they were dislodged quickip
by smart work of the hoavad cav
alry. They came under kraiy Qt'-
man artillery fire, the g ins tnvtwj
been placed in position as pripfira
tlon for this move. Meanwlills hen
veds had advanced from tbe north
west upon Fogaras and Hoehnlroim,
while near Hermannstadt, on tha Alt
River, the Germans were break lag
down the last resistance of their op
ponents. The Roumanians begaa a
general retreat which ended ou tha
railway lines from Fogaras to Kroa
st ad t and from Homorod t-> Kron
stadt.
The Austrians and Germans con
tinued to press the Roumanians wRh
energy. Teutonic reinforcements
were summoned and did Incredible
marching, some of them covering
more than seventy miles in two
gays. The Austro-German infantry,
on establishing contact with the Rou
manians, did not wait for the artil
lery to arrive, but attacked forth
with.
The Bavarian mountaineer troops
proved to be the moat dangerous
enemy of the Roumanians, with the
Hungarian honved cavalry a good sec
ond, notwithstanding the fact that
the, ground was unusually difficult
for mounted troops.
. The Roumanian loss of material
wag very heavy. ~ “
i ,
BACK ON OWN SOIL
Roumanian First and Second Armies
Defend Country.
The Roumanian first and second
(L armies, beaten and torn and all but
manlan reverses and the necessity of annihilated in their attempted Invs-
creatlng a diversion If in their de- sion of Transylvania, have turned at
sire to crush Roumania the Teutbns their own fronDer and. at bay, dee-
to go before they feel the- ire* heel j-bavr drawn on thtw front for pert of perate. ere flerciy resisting' the Tea-
thelr forces we mav see Italy pash I tonic invasion of their soil.
~ pldlyVaheag: ’ '. "prTT elr llcforc ktfbrt to repel tho
This Ja however, the merest specu-1 forces of ths central powers Is to he
Utioa. as jk> one knows or ran tell! Vsd by King Ferdinand
from what quarter the Germaa and cording to a report
Austrian troops now fighting la Rnssiaa retoforcemeats ahm are Mp
Transylvania we»w taken. lag hurried forward. ,
u 2k