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or THE WAR LAST WEEK mil. n* ftccrst gIron art) baaad bn plamaat of hor*M, artllloir. ammunl- tho rolllnf NET DRAWS TIGHTER AROUND, of Europo. REMNANTS OF SERBS ^ ■I _ stock of tha railroads of continental Europe, which Is much smaller than that of our American trunk lines, and are obtained from a let tar. bjr a wall known railroad man GREECE "STAYS NEUTRAL Rumania May Enter if Allieu Show Ability to Protect Her Prom Flank and Rear Attacka—Anglo-Frenefa , Forces are Reins Thrown Into Southern Serbia. Nothing has happened . in Serbia during the past weok to alter the conclusions, drawn In the last review "of the operations In that quarter. The Serbian army la In an almost hopeless situation, with no relief In sight. The Teuton-Bulgarir-n net Is drawing closer and closer around the remnarits of the Serbian army that is still In the field, and there are pre sented only the alternatives of re treat from old Serbia Into Monte negro and Albania or captare. The progress of the Teutons has. cn the whole, been somewhat slower this week than last. .This la prob ably due to the fact th.-.t tl o shape of Serbia, wide in the north and taper ing toward the centre, la such as to force a closer concentration of the defending forces as the Teutons move south. There are thus more men per mile of line and the defense naturally atlffened. The Bulgarian contingent seems to have suffered more from this state of affairs than have the Teutons. Their advance Is still some distance behind their allies end promises soon to hold them up. The Austro-Oorman forces bold the western half of the line, the Bulgara the eastern half, and the Un^ is bent heckward considerably at the point of Juncture. The Teutons on the west have taken every Important town In the chain of hills north of the Mon- tenogrln frontier. PrjopolJo, 8ien- ttza, and Novtbazar, the last throe strongholds In this section, have fall en, and all that separates the Teu tons from the frontior Is the defen sive screen of mountains. Swinging south Mltrovltsa and Pristina have also fallen. Thera Is. therefore. In all of old Serbia, from 'he most eastern point of Albania to me Bulgarian border, but one forti fied position still In Serbian hands tha town of Prlsend. There Is but little now to prevent the Teutons from pushing south Into Macedonia and Joining hands with the Bulgara In driving the British and French back Into Greece. To the northewirt, that Is the see- tlon sooth of NUh and west of the Nteh-Haloelkl railroad, the Rulgan have met with ronsidereble difficulty. The Increasing number of French and British troopo that ere almost dally being thrown Into Southern Serbia has made great demands on the Bul garian forces. To meet this demand the Bulgar front In the north haa been drawn on freely for men. so that It has not been strong enough to play the part assigned to It Here the Serbians report victories which have prevented the Bulg.u'ian ad vance. Serbian victories In this quarter, however, most be barren of results. All they can possibly accomplish la delay and even delay .In that section Is not Important. In fact, the result .has been that, by reason of the Ger man advance to Pristina, a deep ' wedge has been driven into Serbian territory, the apex of which Is at Pristina, while the two sides curve away from that placo, ono along the Montenegrin border and the other toward Nish. This would prove s source of danger to the Teutons wore tl.e Serbs In greater fort a. Bat they have been so weakened by continual losses and lack of supplies that there exists no apparent menace to the present German position. On the contrary, as the German wedge bites deeper and deeper the apex at Pristina must soon reach the Bulgsra before Katchanlk Pass which will mean that the Serbs, who have Just defeated the Bulgurs fur ther north in the vicinity of Vel'ka Plava. will be entirely surrounded. Salvation, if salvation is to como, must come socn or not at all. For several days reports have been current that a vast army of the Allies headed by three hun dred and fifty 'thousand Russians, Is about to enter the Balkan strug gle, the Russians Invading Bul- S iria, the Italians coming through lhania from the seaport towns of Durazzo and Avlona into Monas- tir, and the French and British by way of Salonlki. It is possible that such a combination is under way.'7 i* If so, tho question n-turslly arises why was it not carried out threo weeks ago when tho Serbian army was still an effective fighting fcrco of 150,000 men? , Why wr it until now, when thgt force has been dissipated, great numbers captured, klllo^. or forced to break up among the wild mountains of Montenegro? It is not numbers alone that count; It Is concentrating them nt tfio vital point when needed. This is all there Is to military ctrategy. So far In the Balkans the Teutons have completely outguessed the Allies, both In a dip lomatic and a military sense. If these troops are preparing for a movement In the Balkans it will b^ weeks before they are at the front. Shipping, cither ^y rail or orator, . large bodies of troops with their Im pediments and full quot£ of artillery and cavalry is not only a difficult undertaking but one demanding Erect terminal facilities and an arbundonco of rolling stock. Wa have read frequently of tho Kaiser send ing army corps from tho east to the west or vice versa to meet a sudden emergency. Tho impression Is given by the war correspondents that It Is a question only of running time of trains and that other factors are but 0f minor considerations. Any rail- e kd man, or Indeed any traffic man. own what sheer nonsense this Is. ' A little analysis will show Just wrhat la Involvad'lln the handling of «i army corps of any 40,000 man by It was thought '-and It must be admitted was stated la these re views—-that the key to the riddle of the Balkans was apparently found the day Bulgaria took aides with the central powers. Bulgaria’s act drew the line clearly and sharply so that all could see. But In times like these all signs fail, and Greece refused to abide by the terms of her treaty with Serbia when the latter was attacked by Bulgaria. ' In fact the efforts Oreoee Is mak ing to avoid wflf are almost as greAt as those she would make If the ac tually were jit war.,-Certain It la now that she will go to nny extreme rath er than taka sldea.. To declare In favor of the central powers would mean Internal revoln tlon and the certain bombardment of her aea porta on the mainland and on her Island possessions. To declare for the Entente would be suicidal madness. In a short time there would be available for duty on the Greek border at least 800*000 men—Teutons and Bulgarians— within a few days after the call comes. An Invasion Of Greece would follow Just os the Invasion of Serbia came. There Is not sufficient numer ical strength In tha Greeks and Allies combined to defend the Greek bor der. And why should Greece sacri fice herself now when she refused to take tho same step when first called on under her treaty agreements? The riddle still exists, however, with Romania as the key. Rumania Is to-day the most potent Influence In the East. She can put Into the field an army fully as great as tho com bined Teuton-Bulgar army now In Serbia, and holds a strategical posi tion which would enable her to strike wherever she can do tho most gobd, and that without any waste of time. Reports were current early lost week that she was leaning to the central powers, but In view of the fact that her people are Latins, and In view also of her closeness, politically, with Fiiftala. this was not taken very se riously. One thing Is certain. The over running of Serbia la sore to deeply Impress Bucharest, and before the Allies can hope to see the Rumanians fighting under their banner they will have to send enough men to the Bal kans to keep the Bulgarians busy and prevent Romania from being struck lu the flank and rear. In this may be found the true mower as to why Russia la preparing an Invasion of Bulgaria at this time. If Russia really does send 160,000 Into Bul garia. tho Serbian campaign In so far as It affects Sofia will have to be abandoned. The Bulgarians can not mOster more than this number all told. And onoa tho Rusalaqa have landed on tha Danube, they ^11. un less the Bulgarian forces aro drawn from Serbia to resist them, be In Sofia In six weeka. la spite of the success of the Teu ton Invasion of Serbia, la spite of the fact that n clear-cut definite de rision has been reached ngnlnal the Herb army. It Is still not what Germany will profit by the move. Constantinople will be re lieved, of course, and munitions of war which tbo Turks wera sadly In need of will find their way over the Oriental railroad to the Turk capitol Tho greet uncertainty that axlsted In the Balkans was for the moment put at rest, but within a faw weeks since the invasion began the disquiet ing effects of renewed diplomatic ef forts have been greater than ever The political effect Teuton snccei created was sufficient for a time to give their statesmen n short peace of mind, but haa proved to be purely temporary. It also gave Paris and London brief moment of hysteria, but that too, has passed, and. If we may credit the reports, they have Jointly planned a concerted movement which is veil calculated to transfer the war theatre from Serbia to Bulgaria, where the Teutons will be facing the Allies with the remnants of the Ser bian army snapping at their flank and rear. Egypt, as was pointed out several weeks ago, la a far-off dream. There are not enough men available to stretch a line from Constantinople to Suez and guard the communications en route. Nor can It be done by water route, as the Allies control the seas. As a means of obtaining peace It may cause rumors and discussions, but that Is all. There are millions of men In this war on either side, each occupied solely in trying to disarm the other. The Kaiser’s Balkan adventure en gages not more than 5 per cent, of his total, and the results will be cor respondingly small. Sappliee of a kind, but In comparatively small quantities, can be obtained, and these Germany is in need of. Recent re strictions placed upon the German j>eople by the government os to con sumption of meats, oils, and fats show’ that the British navy has In deed drawn tightly the string that closes the market bags of the woi There are numerous goats in the East, which will help this situation slightly—but very slightly^ Turkey, In addition, can also export some little grain, principally corn, and also a little wool, ntfil that is the limit that Germany can dratf\from the East. If Jhere were time to organize the East for maximum agricultural pro duction, Germany could eventually meet all the demands of her home, population for food of all kinds. But crops that can be raised next year can not fill stomachs that are asking for food now. Germany can not wait another year, for It Is the simplest matter of arithmetic to prove that If the war lasts another year Germany will be defeated, and more than de feated—crashed and Impoverished, In fact. Organization—and the German government has. proved Itself to be the most .efficient organization in tyie world—rcan make two blades of grass grow where but one grew before, but It takes eighteen years to psodnee s fighting man, and here organization falls down. It can build ap bnt it can not crests. An army corps with its full cona tion, bsggnge, etc., requires for Its accommodation 126 trains—or an average of about SQO men tp a train. To dispatch these, on every ten min utes for twenty hours out of the twenty-four, .would consume an en tire day to put thou all In trnnalt. This does not take into consideration loading time or any of-the unavoid able delays Incident to such a task Nor does It consider that to do It all several first class stations and several good double track lines are necessary- As a matter of fact. In any times, either peace or war, to gftt vehicles to hold an army of any size or engines to draw them is a problem of sufficient size to occupy any one’s time and attontidn. A* an example of what actually has been done in tho way of trans porting troops, there is the. move ment by the French of three army corps from the Artois to Flanders, a distance of but little over 100 mllee. It was considered n great railroad feat even with a pre-arranged and carefully laid out scheme -that these troops were moved by the French in one week. The relation of these facts to the rumored assistance that is golpg to be sent to Serbia is ap parent. , With the exception of the contem plated or yumored Russian . move against Bulgaria all other assistance is calculated very naturally, to come by way of Macedonia. The key to Tthe whole Serbian defense lies In the south, not In old Serbia. It is be cause of tho defeat In the south, by which Che Bulgers took and still hold all the railroads north of Krivolak, that the army In the north finds Itself In such dpsperate straits. The situation In the south is still confused. There have been no off! rial reports from nny of the belllg- its ns to the southern operations for several weeks end the unofficial reports are somewhat contradictory There seems to be some doubt. In deed, that the Bulgers really hold Babuna Paso, although It was re ported some time ago that they were occupying Prllop and fifteen milee further west, Krusevo. At any rate. It does not appear that the allied line from Krivolak along the rail road to the Greek frontier has been seriously disturbed. The Allies, It appears, are still landing troops st Salonlki, but It is not apparent Just where they are be ing used. At the beginning of the dhopatgn It was the Intention of the Allies to move against Strumltza and. by cutting In behind the Bui garipns, force their retreat. This plao?Nhowever, has been completely abandoned and all eforts are being concentmpd directly along the rail road, first\wlth Velc* In view and Uskub In thb.dlstance. Uskub Is, above all otber points Is fierbia, of the highest strategic value This because through Uskub Is the only avenue of advenre from the south Into the heavy hill country in the north. The 11ns Is, therefore, the only line of retreat and the only line of supply to tbo Serbs northern army. The Importance of Usknb has been somewhat leeaened by the success of the Teuton column which captured Mltrovltxa. because by so doing the railroad, as well as the good highway between the two towns, was cut be hind the Serbs who are fighting near the Montenegrin frontier. Tills section of the Serbian army may be regarded as not existing Even before this review finds Its way Into print it may either be captured or (hivea Into the Montenegrin mountain*. That It will be before very many days more have passed Is as certain os anything can be In war theatre. But from Mltrovltsa south there Is still a chance for the Serbian troops provided Uskub could be cleared With Veles In French hands the post tlon of the Bulgarians at Uskub would be exceedingly uncomfortable Not only that but the Bulgarians now fighting before the Katchanlk Pass and about Tetovo would also have to fall back or be la danger of being cut off. There Is, however, a grave danger threatening the Serbians between Mltrovitza and the Katchanlk Pass In the form of the German column which has Just taken Pristina. This town is not more than ten miles from Ibar valley railroad—the road through Uskub—and a German col umn has been steadily pushing south If it can reach the road and move down to Katchanlk, some twenty miles further south, there will not be a Serbian soldier in old Serbia who can escape capture within ten days after the Juncture with the Bul garians is made. Because when that point is reached every railroad line and every good road in old Serbia will have passed Into the hands of the Invader. But Uskub is. and, long as the railroad lines In follow their present course, tinue to be the most valuable strate gical point In the Statq^from a de fensive viewpoint. SUBS ARE NEEDED SHALL BOATS TO BE CONDEMN ED BY NAVAL BOARD HAVE A SKIN WITH OUT A BLEMISH \ FAIL TO GUARD COAST - ■ J ■ , , • " . v < — i ■ #i hi . A, • ‘ A- Recent Manoeuvres Show That the Small Underwater BoaU are Utter ly lacapable of Adequately De fending Coast of Country From Adlje Enemy. ' ... L.«- Abandonment of the present coast defense type of submarines in favor of larger seagoing submersibles may be recommended by the navy deport ment os a result of knowledge ginned in the recent manoeuvres of the At lantic fleet and unofficial Informa tion concerning the size of under water craft now In service in Europe. There are indications that the United States Is Jagging behind in sub marine development, even In the cose of the 1,000-ton vessel nearing com pletion. Navy officials have been particularly Impressed by the appar ent probability that a submarine of 1,500 tons has been used in the war fare against allied merchantmen. The recent trip of the fleet of small submarines from Honolulu, requiring 11 days, during which numerous dif ficulties were encountered, causing unusual delays, Is probably another argument to be used in favor of the larger and more powerful submers- Ibiee. Should an enemy get within 100 or so miles of the coast, some officers argue, he could guard his fighting force with a screen of mine sweepers, destroyers and aeroplanes which would render the chknces of attack ing his capital ships very uncertain. Far at sea. however, the screen could not be maintained. For the purposee of the recent ma noeuvres Admiral Fletcher placed his submarines In reserve ready to strike north or south as the movements of the red hostile fleet 200 miles off shore might necessitate. One of the 12 boats could not reach Us station as ItSrould not steer preperly. The other 11 managed to carry out their orders. Later the blue commander discovered that his red enemy wet sweeping to southward. He ordered the submarines south to Intercept the fleet It took six hours to convey this order to one of the submersibles. Finally the flotilla started south ward but could make less thaq 'half the speed required to bring It to Its appointed station on time. Naviga tion was accomplished only by dead reckoning, for\ with their vessels closed tight and tumbling abont in water, the officers could not verify their position. They were 60 miles or more out of position at the con clusion of the trip and the red trans ports and convoy swept through the hole they left and landed troops on American soil. No decision haa been made,, hot the value of a submarine as small as the present type, even for roast defenset is being seriously considered. There are more than 70 boats of 800 tons or lees displacement now built or building for the navy. The view has been presented that with larger submarines the dlfflciil ties of navigation st sea would be re duced. greater speed attained and tbs efficiency of the boats for purposes such as that of the manoeuvres In crossed proportionately. MANNIN6 DECLINES TO 80 Telegraphs Henry Ford That Busi ness Prevents HJs leaving. *Gov. Manning Friday telegraphed Henry Ford as follows: “Columbia, B. C., Nov. 26, 1916. “Henry Ford, Biltmore Hotel, New York City. T T have your courteous, generous and patriotic invitation to Join your party to visit Europe for the purpose of negotiating Jiist settlement of the war. South Carolina legislature meets soon., .This with other Imper ative official duties renders It impos sible for me to accept. I realize the dreadful effects of this war and Its far-reaching influences on us In this country. We will welcome a restora tion of peace and trust that some means for honorable settlement can be found. X'. “Richard I. Manning, • ’’’Governor." • < ► TEMEMNE, TIE MAIVELQUS IE)lEBY FOIECIEMA,ITCB PIMPLES, HNI Will TETEI, ETC, BELIEVES SUFFEHNI AN» ACTS PCRY If your face *» disfigured by ugly pimple* or your body tortured by itching eczema, give Zemerine » trial. It brings quick relief to the terrible itching, the desire to scratch passes away, and healing become* possible. Zemerine Ji used and recommended by many prominent physicians as a. specific for the treatment of diseases of the skin, and has to its credit many cases of wonderful cures. 50c and $1.00 at all drug gists, or by mail direct from ZEMERINE CHEMICAL CO. MANIEBIIM, S. C FARMER BRUTALLY SLAIN ClassifiedColunm and Fanners Exchange Chestnuts—Ten cents a pound, de livered ton pounds and over. E. E. Stallings, North WUksboro, N. C. Wanted to exchange, a 6 horse-power Galloway wood saw for small port able saw mill. C. E. Dorman, R. 4, Dunn, N. C. For Sal*—Finest business property In Allendale, hotel and two stores; best locality In town. Address Box 170, Allendale, 8. C. For Rent—In ewberry, 8. C.. brick store and rooms on Main street wltb all modern conveniences. Apply te Mrs. R. L. Poyslager, Newberry, 8. C. For Hale—211 K acres Improved farm ' land, Houston County, Ga., on G. F. A 8. Railroad. Will sell cheap, terms easy. W. H. Kimbrough, Bon ▲Ire, Ga. 1 Wanted—Large tract of land suitable for stock raisin#. Must be cheap and well located, give full particu lars first letter. R. Cosby Newton. Bennettsvllle, 8..C. Rhode Island Red Cockerels. L. B. Aull, Dyson, 8. C. For Hale—Cheap, good as now, time lock bank safe. 109 Hampton 8t., Cheater, 8. C. 1 ) Wanted—Fordi owners to subsorlbe to the Ford Family; $1 a year. F. B. Wheeler, 24 N. Main 8t., Sumter, 8. C. For Sale—Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, Wanted—A purchaser for 200 nice beef cattle. Owlngs Live Stock Co., Wlnnsboro, 8. C. I For Hale—60 extra fin# Poland China pigs All eligible to register and beat ^reeding. Dr. 8. J. Bummers A Sod*. Cameroa, 8. C. Top-Note her Berk* Registered pigs. Masterpiece and Star Value blood, $12 delivered. Smooth, growth/. Hickory Flats, Baldwin, Ga., Box 6. white doves. $2 pair; Japa nese fawn doves, $2 pair; Long I* land Mnocovy dusks. $2 pair; snow white Muscovy dusks, $1 pair. H. L. Derr, Florence, 8. C. Thousands See Hanging. *- -- 'Several thousand Inhabitants of Snow Hill, Md.. witnessed the hang ing Friday of Frank Grano. who wms convicted of mnrderlag three per son*.' . »* ♦ • Negro Bhoedmg Affray. At a negro tuh fry near Crons Hill Tuesday one negro was killed and oae kad his skill fractured. Edlsto Island Planter Misses Boat to City and le Found Dead. A murder that has greatly arouted the people of Edlsto Island was brought to light Wednesday at noon when tho body of John McConkey, promlnont-farmer of the zeasl -o sec tion of the Island, was found at the stables of his plantation by a servant who had gone to feed the stock. No trace of the perpetrator of the crime haa been found, and bloodhounds may bo brought to assist in appre hending the guilty perjen or per sons. Robbery was the motive of the crimo, which wap-Apparently commit ted about eleven o'clock Monday night, aftep^ur. MeConkey had misl ed a steamer to Charlos.on at the ndlng some distance from his hbthe, and bad driven back to his tables and put up the mule he-was driving. The murdered man was known to have carried considerable money oh his person and to have intended a trip to Charleston. He drovp to the boat landing In the evening, and after, missing his boat, talked a while with Dr. Lea until about nine o’clock, when he began the return trip. home. The drive would ordinarily take about two hours and It Is believed that he was attacked soon after arriving at his stables and putting up his mule. His skull was crushed in with some blunt Instrument and his Jaw bone broken. His throat had been cut. Whether before or after the blow on bis head is not known. All his pockets were rifled. A nlckle- plated watch which he carried was untouched; The victim was a man of means and was abqut sixty-five years old. He has farmed on the seaside section of Edlsto Island several years, having settled there after coming from Can ada. He Is survived by a sister and brother in Ontario„Cailada, who have been notified of his death. The fun eral will be held at four o’clock this afternoon. , T Has no Slagle Head. Premier Asquith told the House of Commons Thursday It had not been considered advisable to place all the land foYces on the ireetern front un der one command. Hacrlfice Sale—Three acre, 12 room dwelling, three-room cottage, mid way between Granlterille end War- renvllle; churches, school end fac tories. C. L. Jones, Ridge Spring, 8. C. School Trustees who wish to secure a good teacher should write u at once. Many splendid teachers avail able. No charges, no obligation to elect our applicants. Sheridan's Teachers Agency, Greenwood, 8. C. I s Tornado Kills Twelve. Twelve persons are known to hnvn been killed and about thirty Injured In a tornado which swept throngb a thickly nettled fanning section about n mile seat of Hot Springs, Ark., late Thursday. Experienced accountant, auditor and trained office man wants position with banking, manufacturing or large mercantile business where there is chance for promotion based on merit. Box 141, Columbia, S. C. Teachers Examination Questions and Answers for past fall for North and South Carolina, complete for $1.00. Aiso keys and translations for teach ers only, bought, sold and exchang ed. Teachers Supply Compand Greenwood, S. C. School Supplies, maps, charts, globes, erasers, ink, crayons, and entertain ment supplies. Catalogue free. Sheri dan School Supply Co., Greenwood. 8. C. ' Marry—Large list of wealthy ben wishing early marriage. Con fidential description tree. Rellab’e club. Mrs. Wtubel. Box 2$,' Oak land, Cal. X ■. .... Marry—Thousands wealthy, will marry at onae, all ogee, nationali ties, religion, descriptions ireei Western Club, Rx269 Market, Sen Frensclsco, Cal. Agents Wanted In every county to osll new Household articles. Big margin to hustling men and women. Sells like hot cakes. Write Frans Co., Dept. R, Bunnell. Fla. New-Way Market Co, Wilmington, N. C. f will net you more money than you are getting for your poultry, eggs, pork, veal, beef, tomatoes, let tuce, all farm .products, we sell di rect to consumer. Ask for quota tions. r ( ✓ Saw Mllle—$150 and up; lath and shingle machines, wood saws and splitters, steam and gasoline en gliies, pumps, pipes, fittings. Gal vanized pipe and roofing. Lombard Iron Works, Augusts, Go. Frierson’s Pellajrr* Remedy—We. the undersigned, have seen Frierson’s Pellagra Remedy demonstrated and consider it a wonderful discovery, as it cures the dreadful disease in a short time. (Signed) W. J. Me. Leod, Postmaster; E. V. Anderson, Asst. Postmaster; H. A. Hickson, Merchant; D. A. Berry, Agent A. C. L. Ry.; 8. W. Frierson, cotton buy er, Lynchburg, S, C. Guaranteed to cure or money refunded. T. L.’ Frierson, Lynchburg, S. C. Wanted—A tract of pine timber con taining 1,500,000 to 10,000,000 feet; no cut over timber lands or timber over three miles from rail road will be considered.^ Address with price and full description. Post Office Box 606, Sumter, 8. C. [feet «nd rxjarye- I TTfitWUiaM Buy a Geiser Thresher—Because it Is a good one. Not too heavy. Dur able, large capacity. Cleans the grain. Reasonable in price.. Llgst gas traders, engines, corn milla saw mills. Everything Jn machin ery. Chmmlngs Machinery Agency, 1216 Main 8t.. Columbia. 8 C. ~ BUDDED PECAN TREES We Offer for December. 1916, Jan uary, 1916, shipments 2 to 4 feel high, "Schley’’ variety long tap r©M small quantities at 76c, one hundrta or more at 60c. Also 4 to 6 feet high, same variety, retarded uncut tap roots with splendid lateral roots, small quantities, $2.59; one hundred or more at $1.76 each. All f. o. b. Orangeburg, 3, C. Better buy first class trees suitable for this climate from your own countryman who has paid dearly for trying out other methods. Refer you to Clemson Col lege er any bank here. PECANWAY PUCE M. O. DANTZLBR, Orangeburg. 8. C. See Your Hides at Home Botckere and Beef Clube, send me your Hldee and get Cheek by return mall at highest market prteee. ,7rite or telephone te m* fur lafermatloe WISLE W. MARTIN. COLUMBIA. B. CL .X