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. .V ’• I ■ »r<r E MABt P06UC RICANS WILL BE SAFE ON NEUTRAL SBIFS GRAVE ISSUE IS CREATED Orman Restricted Reply Proposes Modns Vivendi and Offers Guaran tees With Reservations—Omits Reference to Reparation for Loss of Life on Lusitania. "Berlin, July 8. “The undersigned has the honor to make the following reply to his or.- eellency, Ambassador Gerard, to the note of the 10th ultimo re the im pairment of American interests by the, German submarine war. “The Imperial government learned with satisfaction from the note how earnestly the government of the Unit ed States is concerned in seeing the principles of humanity realized in the present war. Also this appeal finds ready echo in Germany and the im perial government is quite willing to permit Its statements and decisions In the present case to be governed by the principles of humanity Just as it has done always. “The imperial government wel corned with gratitude when the American government In the note of May 15 Itself recalled that Germany always had permitted itself to be governed by the principles of pro . gress and humanity in dealing with e law of maritime war. Since the e when Frederick the Great nego- A»d with John Adams, Benjamin 'ran kiln and Thomas Jefferson the treaty of friendship and commerce of September 8, 1785, between Prussia and the Republic of the West, Ger man and American statesmen, have, in fact, always stood together In the struggle for the freedom of peace able trade. In the International pro ceedings which since have been con ducted for the regulation of the laws uf inarlttme war Germany and Ameri ca have Joihtly advocated progressive principles, especially the abolition of the right of rapture at sea and the protection of the interests of neu trals. “Kven at the beginning of the pres ent war the German government im mediately declared its willlngne***. In response to proposals of the Ameri can government, to ratify the decla ration of Ixmdon and thereby subject itself In the use of Its naval forces to nil the restrictions provided therein In favor of neutral*. Germany like wise has been always tenacious of the principle that war should be conduct ed against the armed and organized forces of an enemy country but that the enemy civilian population must be spared .as far as possible from the measures of ernment cherishes the definite hope that some way will be found, when peace la concluded, or perhaps ear lier, to regulate the law of maritime war In a manner guaranteeing the freedom of the seas, and will wel come It with gratitude and satisfac tion If it can work hand in hand with the American government on that oc casion. “If in the present war the princi ples which should be the ideal of the future have been traversed more and more, the longer Ua duration, the , German government has no guilt therein It Is known to the Ameri can government how Germany's ad versaries, by completely paralyzing peaceable traffic between Germany and neutral countries, have aimed from the very beginning and with in creasing lack of consideration at the destruction not so much of the armed forces as the life of the German na tion, repudiating In doing so all the rules of International law and disre garding all rights of neutrals. “On November 5, 1014, England declared the North sea a war area and by planting poorly anchored mines and by the stoppage and cap ture of vessels made passage ex- " tremely dangerous and difficult for neutral shipping, so (by) that ac tually blockading neutral coasts and ports contrary to all International law. Long before the beginning of submarine war England practically intercepted legitimate neutral navi gation to Germany also Thus Ger many was driven to a submarine war on trade. On November 14, 1914, the Et glish premier declared in the House of Commons that It was one of England’s principle tasks to pre vent food for the German population from reaching Germany via neutral ports. Since March 1 England has been taking from neutral ships with out further formality all merchandise proceeding to Germany, as well as all merchandise coming from Ger many, even when neutral property. Just as it was also with the Boers, the German people is now to be given the choice of perishing frym starva tion with Its women and children or of relinquishing its Independence: “While our enemies thus loudly and openly proclaimed without mercy until our utter destruction, we were conducting a war in self-defense for our national'existence and for the sake of peafce of an assured perma nency. We have been obliged to adopt a submarine warfare to meet the declared intentions of oqr ene mies and the' methods of warfare adopted by them in contravention of International law." "With all Us efforts In principle to protect neutral life and property from damage as much as possible, the German government recognized unreservedly- in its memorandum of February 4 .that the interests of neu trals might suffer from the. subma rine warfare. However, 'the Ameri can government will also understand and appreciate that 4 n the fight for exiateace which has been forced upon Germany by it* adversaries and an- noeneed by. them tt ta the aacred duty ^ of the Imperial government to do ail within It* power to prelect and save the Jlvea of German •abjecu. If before God and history of the viola tion of (hose principles of highest humanity which are the fo^idation of every national existence. “The case of the Lusitania shows with horrible clearness to what jeo pardizing of human lives the manner of conducting war employed by our adversaries leads. In the meet direct contradiction of international law, all distinctions between merchantmen and war vessels have been obliterated by the order to British merchantmen to arm themselves and to ram sub marines, mid the promise of rewards therefor, and neutrals who use mer chantmen as travelers thereby have been exposed in an increasing degree to all the dangers of war. “If the commander of the German submarine which destroyed the Lusi tania had caused the crew and pas sengers to take to the boats before firing a torpedo, this would have meant the sure destruction of his own vessel. After the experiences In sinking much smaller and less sea worthy vessels. It was to be expected that a mighty ship like the Lusitania would remain above water long enough even the torpedoing to per mit passengers to enter the ship’s boats. Circumstances of a very pecu liar kind, especially the presence on board of large quantities of highly explosive materials (word omitted possibly “dissipated”) this expecta tion. In addition It may be pointed out that if the Lusitania had been spared thousands of cases of muni tions would have been sent to Ger many’s enemies and thereby thou sands of German mothers and chil dren robbed of breadwinners. “In the spirit of friendship where with the German nation has been im bued towards the union and its in habitants since the earliest days of Its existence, the imperial govern ment will always be ready to do all it can during the present war also to prevent the jeopardizing of lives ot American citizens. The imperial gov ernment therefore repeats the assur ances that American ships will not be hindered In the prosecution of legitl mate shipping and the lives of Ameri can citizens in neutral vessels shall not be placed In jeopardy 1 “In order to exclude any unfore seen dangers to American passenger steamers made possible In view of the conduct of maritime war by Ger many's adversaries. German subma rines will be Instructed to permit the free and safe iMUtsage of such pax sen ger steamers w hen made recognizable by special markings and notified reasonable time in advance. The im perial government, however, confl dently hopes that the American gov ernment will assume to guarantee that these vessels have no contraband on board, details of arrangement for the unhampered passage of these ves sels to be agreed on by the naval authorities of both aide*. X “In order to finish adequate facil ities for travel across the Atlantic for AaMlMa' citizens, the German gov ernment submits for conaideration i proposal to Increase the number of available steamers by installing in passenger service a reasonable num ber of neutral steamers under the A ms ~ be agreed upon under the'same con MAKES HIS APPEAL ' T+ 1 " GERMAN EDITOR PLEADS FOR COMMON UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE HAVEBEENMISLED Those of Each Nation Know More of ' . i eV-fr- the Worse Side of the Other Than the Good^—America is Right in Selling Ammunition to the Allied Nations. (Signed-) ‘VOn Jagow. MANNING EXTENDS MER(T Follows Recommendation of State Board of P. rdons. Gov. Manning Saturday commuted to life imprisonment the death sen tance of Greenwood Rogers, a negro convicted of arson, and paroled dur ing good behavior Wllllr.m Cantey, negro, convicted of assault and bat tery of a high and aggravated nature and Joe Caldwell, a negro, convicted of failure to pay road tax and for broach of contract. The commata- tion and paroling of Can toy was on Ih* recommendation of the hoard of and the paroling of Caldwell •; tho supervisor of Ml NOT CONFER WIH US. OVER ARMING TRABE SHIPS ' V ^ . Great Britain Said Nothing to This Country as Lord OKU in. timated of v/thera. Maximilian Harden, editor and publisher of Die Zukunft, one of the leading German n >wcpr.i ers, writes as follows In the New Ydrk World, inf giving the side of hio country in the present diplomatic exchanges Sin may be committed on both sides of the Atlantic. The average American has heard far more out of Germany about lack of freedom, feu dal autocracy and aristocracy, lack, outwardly, of culture, and militar ism, spirit of self-sacrifice, and the regiogious ideals of the German peo ples. ' / . “On the other hand, to many Ger mans the American is known too much as a dollar chaser, a money maker, without idealr,. Too little has the German been told of the intellec tual and idealism; what a tremen dous power to do good, and deter mination and will power to work un selfishly in assisting its development, exists in the people of North Ameri ca “Your countrymen certainly should have been able to judge and recognize from the Gcrman-Ameri- cans living in America—although, perhaps, each one of them is not al ways an example of our best—that Germans are neither barbarians nor slaves, neither dishonorable nor un fit and Incapable of self-determina tion of their lives. “From afar off, the German saw only a small crowd of American tour- Lsta. rich men or globo troWers. not always representing tho best ele ments of your country. The masses of both nations see one anotlier too much as caricatures, reflected In the distorted mirror of satirica publica tions. That is revenging itself in the tremendous crisis of this war. "The policy of the united States, the main Interest of which lies in South America and the Far East, perhaps doesn’t recognize yet that this war will answer tho question. Shall England, which Is a world power hat not a European great pow er, remain the Judge of Europe—on a continent on which she lias hut one small point of support. Gibraltar? This question is already answered to day by an effective and revolutionary development of tecTfaology. fare will in its evolution make Im possible any tyranny at sea In the future. The war has already decid ed that England has lost the undis puted and absolute dominion of the sea. She wtll fc have to adr.pt herself ta that. No successes on lend will offsatthat. “America, even motivating her de mands on the ItfMi* of principles of humanity, can not ask us to give up this form of warfare, the only form that remains to us In the blockade of England against Germany. America, a great but young nation, inspired by progress for the future, can not use Its |K>wer to support what is obso lete, something that is passing away and must pass away. “The majority of Germans believe that America Is supplying our ene mies with arms and ammunition in violation of law and customs This Is a wrong belief. According to The Hague Conventions American private firms can sell to whom they like what they like. But the realistic intellect of Americans must ask itself these questions: Can we demand of the Germans, on the strength of friendship for us, to give up the possibility of de stroying ships the cargoes of which would kill, maim, wound uncount ed numbers of their sons and brothers? “Could wo do~lt1f in their situa tion? . ♦ “Is this manufacture of arms and ammunition so important in our business and national econom ics as to justify us in engaging the enmity of a people which, like ourselves, is not in the descend ing but the ascending scale of humanity and development, civili zation and culture? “Wouldn’t it be more rational either to Influence England to give up. her blockade on foodstuffs, ALUESJIL WIN WAR CERTAIN TO GO THROUGH THE COMING WINTER The United States government has not been asked by Great Britain whether it would permit merchant ships, armed for defense only, to trade with American ports. When the press dispatch from London, tell ing of the statement of Lord Robert Cecil In the House of Commons was read to a high official of the state department, he said that this govern ment had not been sounded. The position of the United States as to armed vessels. It was explained had been set forth in a statement of the department of State on Septem her 20. In this statement these para graphs related to this particular sub ject: "A merchant vessel of belligerent nationality may carry*an armament and ammunition, for the sole pur pose of defefase without acquiring the character of & ship of war. “The presence of an armament and ammunition on board a merchant vessel creates a presumption that the armament is for offensive .purposes, but the owners or agents may over come this presumption by evidence showing that the vessel carries arma ment solely for defense.” • The statement also defined in de tail the course necessary to establish that a tfierchant vessel was not armed for offensive purposes. The matter of determining what constituted an armed vessel was made necessary by the action of the German government early In the European war In complaining that the steamship Adriatic, then at New York, was armed, and that to permit her to clear would be a violation of neutrality. The United States gov ernment ascertained that the Adri atic’s armament consisted of a gun mounted In the stern for defensive purposes, and Secretary Bryan ruled that to be so armed was proper and that clearance of the vessel would not constitute a violation ot Ameri can neutrality. Th* matter, was taken up infer mally, however, with the While Star Line, to which the Adriatic belonged, and as a result of a private arrange ment the gun was dismounted It was explained at the state depart ment at the time that in dismount ing the gun the White Star Line act ed voluntarily, out of courtesy to the United States, and that it was not required by any principle of inter national law to disarm. QUESTIONS ANSWERED dition as the abovementloned Ameri can steamers. “The imperial govirnment believes it can assume that in this manner adequate facilities for travel across the Atlantic Ocean can be afforded American citizens. There would therefore, appear to be no compeil ing necessity for American citizens to travel to Europe in time of war on ships carrying an enemy flag. “In particular the ini|ierial gov ernment Is unable to admit that American citizens can protect an enemy ship through the mere fact of their present'd on board. “Germany merely followed Edg land's example when she declared part of the high sea an area of war Consequently, accidents suffered by neutrals on enemy ships In this area of war can not well be judged differ ently from accidents to which neu trals are at all times exposed at the seat of war on land when they betke themselves Into dangerous localities In spite of previous warnings. “If, however, it should not be pos sible for the American government to acquire ^n adequate number of neu tral passenger steamers, the Imperial government is prepared to interpose no objections to the placing under the American flag by the American government of four enemy passenger steamers for passenger traffic be tween North America and England Assurances of ’free and safe’ passage for American passenger steamers would extend to apply under the identical pro-conditions to these for merly hostile passenger steamers.. “The president of the United States has declared his readiness, in a way deserving of thanks, to com municate and suggest proposals to the government of Great Britain with particular reference to the alteration vpf maritime war. "The imperial government will al ways be glad to make use of the good , . , . „ . . , the present «ul Jimaj to deyel.p that his efforts In the present case as well as In the direction of the lofty Ideal of the freedom of the seas, wlH lead to an understanding. "The undersigned requests the am hassador to bring tfrb above to the knowledge of the American govern ment and avails himself of the oppor tunTty to renew to his excellency the assurance of his most distinguished consideration. . . -still further German—economical traits, or to forbid the export of arms and munitions. “America is free answer these questions as she sees fit. Neither of these twp couptries can hope through fear, to gain anything of the other. Both must learn to respect one another. I have no criticism to pass on America I believe the American government has an earnest desire to be and remain neutral in the best sense of that word, but I feel ttu|t America In its international intercourse is now confronted by the same problem that has occupied the American people so much In their domestic politics. "Is special privilege, private profit of certain small groups and concerns or the benefit, welfare and happinesa of the entire American people to be decisive In the poller of the nation? It 1* not a matter of getting around momentary difficulties with fine word*. Both peoples need an open sober, reasonah'e trade and bnalnea* treaty agreement, without secrecy or back door. “Whatever to done, it will fix WILSON TO TAKE UP NOTE AT FRIDAY CABINET MEETING Premideut Will Return to W’asblngtoa Pi'in ui minTwqi—w BLEASE OUT FBI i SAYS RE MAYBE Report to That Ticket WIO be The Cause of the Present Deadlock the Number of Men Great Britain Has on the Front, and Wlty Eng land to Holding Such a Small Part of the Battle Line. A special correspondent of the New York World writes from the French Battle Front, under date of June 28; “In the past three months I have visited every sector of that great line of battle which stretches Its unlovely length across Europe, from the Chan nel to the Alps, like some monstrous and deadly snake. 'Not only have been permitted to see a very great deal which has been denied to others but I have learned much of what is really happening along that battle line from the officers and men who are holding it. Now I am going back to America. When I reach there people are going to ask me certain questions. As I know perfectly well what those puestions will be, I am going to answer them to the best of my ability beforehand. How long Is the war going to last? I do not know. No one knows. Every officer and man with whom I have talked In three armies agrees that the spring of 1916 will see prac tically no change in the western bat tle line. That there is to be another winter campaign is a foregone con clusion. Every one expects it and Is preparing for It, just as they expect another winter. The allies have or dered enormous quantities of winter clothing, and in the Argonne and the Vosges the French soldiers are al ready hard at work building warm and dry winter habitations. I might add that the Germans do not show the slightest sign of weakening. What is the reuse of the present dendlork? The rretreher occupied by the opposing armies ate, to all intents and purposes, forts, and these forts have been rendered so nearly impreg nable by applied science that to take them would entail a sacrifice of life which none of the warring nations can afford Hence the armies remain hidden and almost stationary in sub terranean caves and labyrinths, each waiting for its opponent to weaken. “Why have the French not the offensive? Because the Germans are so strongly Intrenched that the cost In Uvea of breaking through their lines would stagger the nation. If necessity required It, such a sacri fice would be made, but it la felt that H would be unjustified whefi shells and patience will eventually achieve the same result. ‘The duration of of the State. The News and Courier prints the following from W. F. Caldwell, Us Columbia representative: '■ In all probability I will be In the race for governor next summer,” said .former Gov. Cole L. Bicase Saturday morning when asked the -question by newspaper men, who directed his at tention to a story in sn Atlanta paper which quoted Warehouse Commis sioner McLaurln as caylng that the former governor would run again next summer. He would not make a definite statement, as he stated that it was too far off, but left very little doubt in the newspaper men’s minds about the matter The former governor said he had received many letters from people throughout the state and many had called In person urging him to run . for governor. He read part of an answer he was writing to a friend, in which he made the statement that he would probably rqp for governor next summer. It has been openly tslked around Columbia for some weeks that former Gov. Blease would make the race for governor again next anmmer. It to also understood that the Blease fac tion wilj run a complete state ticket in the next primary and a legislative ticket In each connty. No definite information has been obtained as to the plans, bat it Is known that sev eral leaders have been In Colombia recently, and U la the general under standing that plana are forming for the next state primary. With former Gov. Blease at the head of the ticket "ginger” would be Injected Into the campaign. While he has made no statement, it Is pre sumed that Mr. B. Frank Kelly, of Blshopville, will run for lieutenant governor. The plans of the faction are said to Include a candidate for every state office. Whether Attor ney General Thomas H. Peeples will stand for re-election or seek higher honors is not known, he having not yet Intimated anything. There baa been some talk In political circles that If Mr. Blease sboeid happen not to run for governor that Mr. Peeples would enter the race. Bnt their plans are for a candidate for secre tary of state, comptroller general, state treasurer, commissioner of agri culture, railroad commissioner, adju tant general and all other state offi cers, so it is stated. Gov. Richard I Manning sad Llent. Gov. Andrew J. Bethea will be candidates to succeed themselves and the other atate officials win probably seek re-election. The entrance of a Biases trleket presages a fight for control of the Democratic clubs end of the next Democratic atate convention, state executive committee end the primary rules. However, the prescnVruloe. requiring personal enrolment sad flx- Hwn. unuNwR bu ment Is at Hand '• Prectdent Wilson has been giving careful consideration to Germany’s latest note on submarine warfare He is believed to have mapped out in a general way the next step the Unit ed Sta en will take, although there will be no final decinion until the situation has been discussed fully with the cabinet. It now- seems probable the presl dent will be back In V ashington in time for Friday's cabinet meeting Originally it had been planned to have Secretary Lansing coqie to Cor nish, with the view to drafting the reply there. This was changed because data at the state department must be at hand when the writing of a reply is under taken and the president will get into communication with Secretary Lan sing AndxSecretary Tumulty regard ing the advisability of Lansing’s com ing to Cornish, No inkling has been given of what Mr. V'ileon things should be the policy of the United Stateo in view of what officials consider the unrespon sive and unsatisfactory nature of the German note. FACE MEXICAN SITUATION Ionising to Lay Facts Before Wilson for Decision. Secretary Lansing h;.s decided to lay the whole situation in Mexico be fore the president when he returns to Washington this week. The con tinued refusal of tho warring chief tains to accede to the suggestions of the president’s rfccent tote has pro duced- a situation which in the opin ion of ’officials at Washington <le- mands other action. ‘ 3r- The state department does not be- ^ by the recognition of one leader over all the others. ‘They held that such a solution would contravene the spe cific demands or suggestions of^the president’s note, or that the factions should get ‘ogether and agree on a man or group of men. Carranza has already told the state d partment that he regards Villa and Zapata as rebels and will not treat with them. r—, Held Up In Yellowstone. A dispatch from Livingston,|,Mon- tana, Friday states lhat three .hun dred tourists, believed to be Shrin- ers on their way to their national en campment at Seattle, were held up and robbed In the western side of the Yellowstfitfe Park. No details have come to hand. there be a real friendship, founded on ration al egotism and good will toward mankind?' v “The best Germans earnestly de sire and wish that together we may prepare the seed for the harvest of the future. The masses of both coun tries undoubtedly wish the same when once they have learned to nee each other In the right light To bring them toAhto point to the grant doty ot the preen’ the French armies In Alaaee said to me. ‘entirely depends upon how fsst we can kill off the Germans. Their army has reached and passed its maximum strength, so that every sol dier that we kill makes it that much weaker. Ottt,Pl§n. therefore, la to kill as many as possible of the enemy while at the same time conserving our own men." “What to the condition of the French army? It could not be bet ter. The men are keen aa razors and hard as nails. They are well fed well clothed, and afforded every pro tection that human Ingenuity can de vise. They seem absolutely confident of ultimate success, though they ad mit quite frankly that they have long, hard Job in front of them. “What do the French’ think of Gen, ■loffre? They do not consider him a military genius by any means, but they have implicit confidence in him Particularly the government, which knows him t9 be eminently “safe. ” Were Gen. Foch, for example, to sue reed to the supreme command and achieve a striking success, there would be great danger of his being hailed as ‘the Man on Horseback.’ Joffre does not want to be a Man on Horqebacjs. He has said repeatedly that when ce war is over he wants to go fishing. He will, therefore, ^probably remain in supreme com nutad. . “How many troops has England In France? About seven hundred and fifty thousand. “What is the condition of the Brit ish army? It is a new army It is without experience, and it is without experienced regiments to stiffen it and give it confidence, for the regu lar army which England sent into France last August has ceased to ex ist. The old regimental names re main, but the officers and men who composed those regiments are to-day in the hospitals or the cemeteries. The losses suffered by the. British army In France have been appalling. The West Kent Regiment, for exam ple. has been three times wiped out and three times reconstituted. The Princess Patricia‘s Canadian Light Infantry landed In France fourteen hundred strong. To-day only one hundred and fifty remain. The pres ent colonel of the regiment was a pri vate in the ranks last October. The crying need of the British army at the moment is for trained officers and non-commissioned officers, “Why are the British holding only ^ forty miles of battle front, as com pared with seventeen held hy the Bel gians and upward of five hundred by the French? Firstly, because the British army is composed of green troops, while the French ranks, tranks to the Universal Service Law, are filled with men all of whom have had three year* with the colors. Sec ondly, because the British sector Is by far the most difficult portion of the western battle front to bold, not only because of tbs configuration of the country, which offers little nat ural protection, but because It lies squarely athwart the road to the Channel ports—and U to to the Chan nel porta that tb* German* are going If men and shells can get them tberd. Thirdly, the fighting to ef a more dea- Wnw Ulfii Uf H changed by tbs next convention, for they have been enacted Into law, sad tt would take ui act of the legisla ture to repeal them. Therefore there Is a guarantee that the next primary - election will be held undsr the same rules and-regulation aa that of 1114. EXPORTS FOR WAR USES CAUSES RM TRABE JUMP Growing Call for Barbed Wire, Steel Rods, Horse Shoes and Metal Working Machinery. The increaae In exports that are converted Into battlefield supplies is rapidly growing larger. In addition to a demand for foodstuffs and muni tions of war, there la a growing cah for harmed wire, steel rods, horse shoes and metal working machinery. Wire exports Jumped from 27,775,- 000 pounds in May, 1914, to 83,500,- 000 pounds In May, 1915. Horseshoes increased from 250,- 000 In April, 1914, to 4,000,000 In April, 1915, Wire rods Increased from 98,006,- 000 pounds for the eleven months ending May. 1914, to 180,000,000 pounds for the same months In 1915 The Increase In other rods In May was from 22,750,000 pounds to 83,- 500,000 this year. These rods are used in making shrapnel. Metal working machinery Increas ed from $1,235,000 worth In May, 1914, to $3,762,000 in May, 1915. Shells are made on these machines. The demand for saddles and har ness is growing rapidly. The exports for the eleven months ending May, 19.14, as compared with the same period of 1915, was $722,000 against ^le.ooo. The United States imported much more cheese than she exportedtbefore Ihe ’war commenced, but American cheese is in great demand at now. Export figures for May of 1914 and May of 1915 are 1,423 pounds against 12,068,00fi: In May, 1914, the United States exported 1,300 horses; May, 1915, the number increased to. 33,500, and mules 273 against 18,600. perate and relentless nature along the British front than elsewhere, be cause the Germans have a deeper hatred for the British than for all their other enemies put together. “Do the French want the .Unified States to enter the war? Generally speaking, they don't care. The gov ernment and the military anthorltlee are afraid that If the United States shouldf’etater the war it would reault. in cutting oft the' allies’ supplies of ammunition. Moreover, they say quite frankly that. In her present state of unpreparedness, they see how she eould to of any ance anyway, “Who do YOU think to gi win the war? Tha allies.” o e ♦ > Gen very rigorous -«Jg vjgl + . HI I