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). S. ASKS FOR A STOP IN USE OF SUBMARINES GUARDS CITIZENS RIGHTS tai m German Government la Adviaed of the Dangers to Which Neutrala Are Exposed In the Wide Use of the Submarine Against Enemy Mer chantmen .yhe United States government has •aoled Ambassador Gerard for pre- sentation to the German government a note calling attention ‘‘to the grave situation which has resulted” from violation of American rights on the high seas, culminating in the sinking of the L.usitr.nia, with a loss of more than one hundred American lives. u The full text of the note was made public Thursday night by the state ^department as follows: ‘‘Department of. State, ‘‘Washington, May ,13, 1915 ‘‘The Secretary of State to the Am bassador at Berlin “Please call on the'minister of for eign affairs and, after reading to him this communicrtion, leave with him a copy. 7 "In view Of recent acts of the Ger man authorities in violation of Amer ican rights on the high seas, which culminated in the torpedoing and sinking of the British steamship Lusi tania on May 7, 1915, by.which over \ e hundred American citizens lost 4eir lives, it is clearly wise and de- •irable that the government of the United States and the Imperial Ger man government should come to a clear and full understanding as to the grave situation which has result ed. “The sinking of the British pas senger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, through which Leon. C. Thresher, an Ameri can cltisen, was drowned; the attack on April 23 on the American vessel Gushing by a German tcToplane; the torpedoing on May l-.of the Ameri can vesael Gulfllght by., a German submarine, as a result of which two or more American citizens met their death, and finally, the torpedoing and sinking of the steamship Lusitania, constitute a series of events which the government of the United States has observed with growing concern, distress and amazement. Previous Attitodc. “Recalling the humane and en lightened attitude hitherto assumed by the Imperial German government in matters of International right, and particularly with regard to the free dom of the seas; having learned to recognize the German views and the German influence on the field of in ternational obligation as always en gaged upon the side of justice -and humanity, and having understood the Instructions of the Imperial German government to its r.hval commanders to be upon the same plam of humane action prescribed by t^e naval codes of other nations, the 1 government of the United States was loath to be lieve--it can not now bring itself to believe—that these acts, so absolute ly contrary to the rules, the practices and the spirit of modern warfare, could have the countenance or sanc tion of that great government. “It feels it to be its duty, there fore, to address tho Imperial German government concerning them with the utmost frankness and in the earn est hope that it is not mistaken in ex pecting action on the part of the Im perial German government which will correct the unfortunate impressions which have been created and vlndi- ■ .pate once more the position of that overnment with regard to the sacred eedom of the seas. Retaliatory Methods. “The government of the United States has been apprised that the Im perial German government consider ed themselves to be obliged by the extraordinary circumstances of the present war and the measures adopt ed by their adversaries in seeking to cut Germany off from all commerce, to adopt methods of retaliation which go much beyond the ordinary meth ods of warfare at sea, in the procla mation of a. war zone from which they have warned neutral ships to keep away. “This government has already taken occasion to inform the Im perial German government that it can not admit the adoption of such measures or such a warning of dan ger to operate as in any degree an abbreviation of the rights of Ameri can ship masters or of American citi zens bound on lawful errands as pas- sengbrs on merchant ships of bellig erent nationality, and that it must hold the Imperial German govern ment to a strict accountability for hifringcment of those rlglItS7Th- ternational or incidental. “It does not understand the Im perial German government to ques tion those rights. It assumes, on the contrary,' that the Imperial govern- nt accept, as of course, the rule that the lives of non-combatants, whether they be of neutral citizen ship or citizens of one of the n;.tions at war, cannot lawfully or rightfully^ *be put in jeopaydy by the capture or destruction of aiKpnarmed merchant man, and recognize also, as all other nations do, the obligation to take the usual precaution of visit and search Jo^asc^tatn whether a suspected ^feHTchantman is In fact of belliger- nationality or is in fact carrying Toatraband of war under a neutral flag. Where t the Objection Lie*.* • ‘‘The government of the United States, therefore, desires to call the attention of the Imperial German government with the utmost earnest ness to the fact that tbs objsetiea to Ueir present method of attack agaiast the, trade of U»«U Mm in the practical ' ing those miss of fairness, reason, justice end humanity vhldLjall mod ern opinion regards as imperative. “It la practically Impossible for the officers of a submarine to vlslt^a mer chantman at sea and examine her papers and cargo. It is practically Impossible for them to make a prlxe of her; and. If they can not put a prise crew on board of her, they can not sink her without leaving her crew and all on board of her to the mercy of the sea In her small boats. These facts, it is understood, the Im perial German government frankly admit. t “We are informed that in the in stances of which we hava spoken time enough for even that poor meas ure of safety was not given, and in at least two of the cases cited not so much as a warning was received. Manifestly, submarines can hot be used against merchantmen, as the last few weeks have shown, without an Inevitable violation of many sac red principles of justice and human ity. ' “American citizens act within their indisputable rights in taking their ships and traveling wherever their legitimate business calls them upon the high seas, and exercise those those rights in what shonitMie the well justified confidence that their lives will not be endangered by acts done in clear violation of universally acknowledged international obliga tions, and certainly in the confidence that their own government will sus tain them in the exercise of their rights. •‘There was recently published in the newspapers of the United States, l regret to inform the Imperial Ger man government, a formal warning, purporting to cqme from the Imperial German embassy a* Washington, ad dressed to the people of the United States, and stating, in effect, that anly citizen of the United States who ex ercised his right of free travel upon the se'9 would do so at his peril if his "journey should take him within the zone of waters within which the Imperial German navy was using sub marines against the commerce of Great Britain and France, notwith standing the respectful but very earn est protest of his government, the government of tho United States. “I do not refer to this for the pur pose of calling the attention of the Imperial German government at this time to the surprising, irregularity of h communication from the Imperial German embassy at Washington ad dressed to the people of the United States through the newspapers, but only for the purpose of pointing out that no warning that an unlawful and inhumane act will be committed can possibly be accepted as rn excuse or pall.aMon for that act or as an abat4emeot of the responsibility for Its commission Probably Misapprehension. “Long acquainted gp this govern ment has been with the character of the Imperial German government, and with the high principles of equity by which they have in the past been actuated and guided, the government of the United States can not believe that the commanders of the veesels which committed these arts of law lessness did so except under a mis apprehension of the orders Issued by the Imperial German naval authori ties "It takes it for granted that, at least within the practical possibilities of every such case, the commanders even of submarines were expected to do nothing that would involve the lives of non-combatants or the safety of neutral ships, even at the cost of falling of their object of capture or destruction. « "It confidently expects, therefore, that the Imperial German govern ment will disavow the acts of which the government of the United States complains; that they will make re paration as far as reparation is pos sible for injuries which are without measures, and that they will take Immediate steps to prevent the recur rence of anything so obviously sub versive of the principles of warfare for which the Imperial German gov ernment have in the past so wisely and so firmly contended. “The government and people of the United States look to the Im perial German government for just, prompt and enlightened action in this vital matter with the greater confidence because the United States and Germany are bound together not only "by special ties of friendship, but also by the explicit stipulations of the treaty of 1828 between the United "Expressions of regret and offeis States and the kingdom of Prussia, of reparation in case of tho destruc tion of neutral ships sunk by mis take, while they may satisfy interna tional obligation If no loss of life results, can not justify or excuse a practice the natural and necessary effect of which is to subject neutral nations and neutral persons to new and immeasurable risks. “The Imperial German government will not expect the government of the United States, to omit any \ ord or act necessary to the performance of its sacred duty of maintaining the rights of the UnUed States and its citizens and safeguarding their free exercise and eajoyment- ANTHiERMAN OUTBREAKS; BRITONS WRECK SHOPS London Reports Renewed Violence Toward Teutonic Citizen*-^—AG tacked Wherever Seen. Anti-German riots in the east end of London were' renewed Wednesday morning with even greater violence than on the days preceding. Wher ever a uerman showed himself he was attacked. The police force has been so thin ned by drafts sent to the army that it had difficulty in dealing with the angry crowds. Special constables had to be called out. Anti-German outbreaks of particu lar severity occurred in tho neighbor hood of the East India dockc. Sixty or seventy German shops were wreck ed. Germans lr the vicinity are unit ing for self-defense, and police rein forcements are being rushed to the scene. German establishments were sack ed and their contents scattered over the streets. The Germans themselves were breaten or forced to go into hid ing. ' The police in some cases were de fied by angry crowds, and some offi cers were injured trying to protect Germans. When proprietors of Ger man business places were caught they were severely mauled. In some cases their»clothea were, torn from their backs. One German was thrown into a horse trough with the reminder that his cox .patriots had been drowning women and children. His life was saved by the police. Several German butchers tried to escape in their carts, racing down the streets at a mad gallop, but most of them were run down and their vehicles smashed. Many Russian Jews, mistaken* for Germans, flocked to police stations in the east end and pleaded for protec tion. , , • . WILL REFUSE U.S.DEIANK; SER1ANY NOT TO ACQUIESI New York Paper Claims Inside Tract 4 From Diplomatic Sourcea That Are Unquestionable. The New York World pt Thursday says in a Washington dispatchGer- WtSON 10 DECIDE JUMMENT OF NATION IN CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S RANDS DEATH OF STONEWALL JACKSON Sunday. Nlay l). Was Fifty-second Year of Fateful Event. Fifty-two years ago Sunday nigh«, May 9, Thomas Jonothan (“Stone wall") Jackson was shot down by error of his own men. and the great Southern soldier lost forever to the cause of his republic. To-day, as the great European war is in pro gress the recognition of bis great genius is everywhere admitted, and the leading generals In the present ear have testified voluntarily to his military ability. Without a doubt he was one of the greatest war chief tains the world has ever produced. In speaking of the assistance he rendered the Confederate cause the Greenville News recently said that “Lee, who called ‘Stonewall' Jack- son his strong right arm. once said that he would have won Gettysburg if Jackson had been there. Be that as it may, the almost uninterrupted victories of the army of Northern Virginia ended when Jackson passed away. ChaneellorsvlUe marked the flood tide of the Confederate arms. Two months later came Gettyaburg. and from thence on to Appomattox Lee's forces, despite all their mar velous courage and tenacity, were never again invincible. “Jackson's plafe in military' his tory Is unique. M<(at great reputa tions were madq,-by,lang years of ser vice. His career was compressed Into a scanty 22 months, when Lee pointed to him ‘standing like a stone wall' at Bull Run, to the early May day in 1863, when he marked his corps around the front of Hooker’s army, smashed in its right flank and gave Ibe Confederacy its most brilliant vic tory. only to fall under the fire of his own men. “A terrible partnership was that between the cavalier and the Puri tan; between Lee, who embodied the chivalry of Virginia, and Jackson, who was a direct spiritual descend ant of the men that fought with Cromwell at Na^eby. In all crises the two men seemed to fight with a single brain and a single purpose, destitute alike of the jealousy and intrigue that all but wrecked the army o-f the Potomac. “Jackson presents a strange, ap pealing figure on the pages of his tory. He was as gentle and gracious as I^e, as sihent and tactiturn as Grant, as daring and audacious as Stuart or Sheridan, as relentless as Sherman and with it all there was an intensity of religious fervor that be longed to the 17th century rather than the 19th. Tjie war to him was a holy war. He went to battle with a prayer on his lips, and he went fron) battle to giM .thanks to Go^, who had crowned his army with vic tory. . , “ ‘Appealing from his native sod ‘Lay bare thine arms—stretch forth thy rod. Amen. That’s Stonewall's way.' ‘ man/ will defy the United States and refuse to discontinue her present methods of submarine warfare. The answer eff the/kalRer's government to the representations being formulated by Pretident Wilson has been made known. It will be a polite and suave refusal to desist from that policy which resulted in torpedoing the Gulfllght, flying the American flag, and sinking the Lusitania, a bellig erent merchant ship with scores of American citizens aboard, p* The usual formalities of note ex changing and representations must be followed, but the ultimate refusal of Germany to meet the American de mands already is determined. Germany will continue to destroy belligerent vessels without warning. If Americans persist in travelling un der the British, French or Russian flag they may be killed. An official of the German embassy has said that this is the German posi tion, and it will not be modified or abandoned. He added that the Ger man foreign office will politely In form the state department that Ger many regrets that Americans have been killed, but it can not accept the terms of the Washington govern ment. Despite the grave possibilities in the present situation, there^ appears to be no apparent desire on the part of those who are familiar with Ber lin’s viewpoint to avoid the issue. If statements made in diplomatic circles can be credited, Germany is not at all worried by the prospect of war with the United States. It was suggested in responsible quarters that she is looking for an excuse to break off relations, because she is prepared to send a flotilla of two hundred submarines on the high seas to destroy every munition or food carrying ship that leaves the United States for British and French ports. Tjre greatest single desire on the part of Germany, according to these diplomats, is to block the allies' sup ply of American-made guns and am munition To carry out this plan she would welcome an open rupture with the United States. The American army is not takes seriously i n Germany. The Ameri can navy would be of negligllble val ue in the present ronfllrt, according to the German military leaders, and the hostility of the United States would he more than balanced by the lessened quantity of war munitions shipped from this country. German diplomats insist that Rus sia will be helpless whenever the American supply of guns and am- monition la cut off, and ber only hope lies in a continuance of importatlona from America. The German posi tion. as stated above, reached The World correspondent from sources that can not be questioned. SHALL WE GO Iff WAR President Shuns Advisers and Wres tles With Problem All Alone—De pends Upon Sober Thought of Peo ple to Guide HU Course of Action and Sustain His Decision. MOUNTED MILITU PURSUES 800 FLEEING AUSTRUNS Fearing Internment Aliens Start March From Wlnni|ieg To ward U. S. Border. Fearing that the authorltica of Manitobla would follow the lead of Ixmdon and intern the resident aliens in the province eight hundred Aus trians left Winnipeg. Canada, Frid-y afternoon and began a rapid march to the town of Emerson, from which place they intended to cro* 3 into tho territory of tho United States. The Austrians were fully equip ped for their ma.ch and declared that “Bryan.” SHIP TO PROTECT AMERICANS Secretary Daniels Friday afternoon ordered the cruiser New Orleans to proceed 1 'immediately to Guaymus, where the cruiser Raleigh is now sta tioned, in order that Americans may be fully protected from, the uprising which Is seriously threatened among tlte Yaqui Indians. - ■■ ■■ Submarine? Sink Twelve in Week. The British admiralty at London sued the statement Frida/ that enemy submarines during the week ending May twelve sunk a total.of six British merchantships. The Cincinnati Inquirer delved into the past and naked where was John Lind? The Minneapolis Journal says he U at work days and at home nights. Ilka ail good American citl- laaa. down he regarded as providentially directed by a definite divine purpose. There is no more mendacious phrase than that of ‘a born soldier,’ but here was a man who was beyond question a born soldier—a solaier who hated war, who was dazzled neither by am- btiion nor glory, who fought for principle and principle alone, and whose military genius was elemental. Peace to his ashes. A unite dnatiot^ can be j?r6ud that he was numbered' among her '-t _ sons.’ PRESIDENT LEAVES CAPITAL. President Wilson left Washington Friday afternoon on board the presi dential yacht MayfloWer for New York,* where he will spend the best part of a week reviewing the Atlantic fleet. This la the flrat time the pros! dent has left the White House for an extended trip cn his yacht since he has catered upon his duties. Shocked and appalled by the tragic aspect of the Lusitania disaster, as hourly developments disclosed its magnitude and far reaching possi bilities and revealed the probable loss of 137 American lives, President Wil son and his advisors are waiting for the whole facts and a crystallzation of public opinion to aid In laying out the course the United States will pur sue in this latest international com plAcation—the gravest the president has faced since the war began. _ ; Nowhere in administration circles is there any disposition to minimize the si'uatlon, but President Wilson, while seeking the facts, hopes the country will assume an examining at titude and reserve full judgment un til all complete information is at hand. The president. Secretary Bryan and other members of the cabinet were visibly depressed. Persons who talk ed with them found them sick at heart and grieved at the horror of the catastrophe. Notwithstanding that warnings had been given, it had been regarded as inconceivable by high of ficials that the threatened sinking of the vessel actually would be carried into elect. The fact that the Lusi tania was a British ship, flying the British flag and even had contraband of war on board, did not remove from their minds the ever recurrent thought that a hostile submarine de liberately destroyed the ship with the knowledge that hundreds of defense less neutrals and women and children were aboard. In official quarters, while the tor pedoing of the Lusitania was deplor ed, there was much speculation as to why the awlft liner had slowed down In the path of submarines. Officers said it was very difficult for a tor pedo to strike a big ocean liner go ing nt full speed and did not under stand where the British destroyer* could have been when the Lusitania waa struck In daylight. Everywhere the attitude of Preei- dent Wilson was the subject of grave censtderatton. Moat offlclala seemed to agree that it might be eeveral days before the policy of the United States could be formulated because of the scarcity of official Information as to circumstances under which the Lusi tania was sunk. During that ttma It was hoped the opinion of the people of the United States would cryatailze and aid the administration in reach ing a decision. President Wilson, upon whom the eyes of the world are focused at the present moment, studied In quiet se clusion the aspects of law and fact In connection with the sinking by a Ger man torpedo of the British liner Lusi tania, with a consequent loss of many American lives. The great human tragedy coupled with the responsibilities of the hour, caused the president to deny himself to ail callers, even to members of his official family, while he turned over In his mind the course to be pursued by the United Staten government in one of the most serious crises in its history. The only glimpno of the workings of the president’s mind was given when the White House Saturday night issued its first formal comment counselled a peaceful oonraa. bat ad vocated firmness. A few meaaagea juattfled the sinking. Ha did aot consult with Bperatevr Bryan or others of hla cabinet, and it ia significant that the president baa not comirfunieatod 'with any of hia advisers since the^LusiUnla went down. Cabinet members were con spicuous by their absence from the White House, The responsibility is his and ha wlshes to be guided by the wishes of the people, uninfluenced ,j>y the viewa of his associates, cabinet officials have been given to understand, until he . is prepared fo place before the cabinet the policy he believes this government shouiu adopt. An important utterance . to the American people is expected In ad vance of the cabinet meeting, how ever, when the president, goes to Philadelphia to address 4,000 newly naturalized citizens there. Whether the president will disclose any hint of the course this govern ment is inclined to pnrsue in the momentous crisis caused by Ger many’s destruction of the Lusitania was not disclosed. But it was indi cated that he will deliver a message appealing to the people to be calm in \ the face of the crisis and permit the - government to work out its policy un- * informed by public clamor. Official desire is to keep down anti- German demonstrations In the United States at this time when the country is at white heat. The greatest pres sure is being brought to bear on the president by public opinion, as it has thus far found expression, to adopt strictest measures. The view has been expressed in opinions of public men reaching the White House that it will be futile to treat this latest outrage with diplo matic notea. The strong terms of the note to Germany «n the war zone placed the government in a position where it must act vigorously, the president has been advised Ip communications reaching him. Germany must be made to under stand that there is a limit to which toleration may wisely be carried, writers of these communications de clare. Suggestions that the United States break off diplomatic relations with Germany or that the German mer chantmen tied up at American porta be seized and held as security for Germany making reparation for the acts committed, will not he discussed at the White House or state depait- roent. All officials have adopted the policy of waiting for the president to speak. Tho president, officials point out, has considered the human side of the tragedy, which dealt with the ruth- destruction of American lives. (V' Is and the legal sil* to which the Ger man government points for jastlfica- tlon in sinking nn enemy’s ship The one danger In the present sit uation that la alarming Washington la that t wave of anti-German senti ment now rolling up In this country may force the government tp action before it has determined IU oonraa by due deliberation. The decision which the president and his advisers mast reach. It was admitted In all quarters, is a momen tous one. Those officials conversant with the legal aspects of the case pointed out that the United States faoed a grave and serious problem of lasting importance In history, as all the world—neutrals and belligerents alike—would wait with acute espee tancy for the course yrhlcb the UnUed States would pursue to preserve the rules of international law, particu larly the rights of neutrals, with re spect to the safety of non-combataats on merchant ships at they were leaving Canada to find em-. - ployment in thj States to the South. on ^ ie disaster. The announcement For awhile it was thought that the militia would be called out but the Fort Garry Horse Brigade was finally decided upon to accompany the marchers. It is not certain that the Austrians will bo stopped but current rumors say that they wil ibe arrested and detained. RIOTING IN ENGLAND Fierce Wavq of Indignation Horns Against All Germans. Never since the war began has such»a wave of anti-German feqling surged through the country as at the present tim^x It is due entirely tq the sinking of tha Lusitania. Working men are refusing to labor alongside men of Gerqian birth, whether naturalized or notXln many towns premises occupied by Ghejmians have been damaged or destroyed and even the exchanges in London and provincial towns are barring the “Even 4hc bullets that sii uck iiitir t0 P cr, ' ;o . na german uiood There have been riots in Liverpool, Manchester, Salford and Birkenhead. In Liverpool Germans have been in terned and those who are naturaliz ed subjects of Great Britain have been advised to go to interior towns or seek internment. ' Many have de cided on internment.. Newspapers demand that all the twenty-five thousand TJermans still at large should be similarly treated. Deputations from the stock ex change, the Baltic exchange, Lloyds’ and the corn exchange, after a meet ing Tuesday night on the steps of the Royal exchange, marched to the House of Commons and presented a petition to the atforney general which called attention to the grave danger in allowing enemy alien* to remain at large. 'Illinois Senate Behind Wilson. The Ifllnol* Senate ha* passed a resolution backing Wilson in what ever ha may do against the torpedo ing of the Last las la MICH FIGHTING GOING ON was made that the president realized the country expected him to deal with the situation “with deliberation as well as firmness.” After the conference with the presi- d*ht at the White House Secretary Tumulty said: "Of course the pred- 1ent feels the distress and the gravity jf the situation to the utmost, and is considering very earnestly, but very calmly, the right course to pursue. He knows that the people of the country wish and expect him to act with deliberation as well as firm ness.” The president, therefore, did not communicate with Secretary Bryan or officials of the state department. Nor did he consult the members of the cabinet or congress. He has been giving such close personal attention in the last few weeks to the particu lar questions involved that he was thought to be determined first to sift for himself the various questions and shape a policyto be submitted to the cabinet within a few days. ~ The presrdent spent a quiet day Sunday apart from his official family —and for the most part alone. He went to church in the forenoon and took a ride after luncheon. Most of the time he seemed preoccupied and talked little to his companions. He sat In his study, it was slid, in deep thought, undisturbed, for hours. Secretary and Mrs, McAdoo dined with him, but it was understood no' reference was made to the war situa tion. It was the first time Mr. M«. Adoo had visited the White House since he was operated on a few weeks ago. When the president went motoring, he rode alone, on the front seat, re volving in hla mind the most impor tant problem of his admintstrattoa. When he returned to hia deck Sun day night, he found the pile of tele gram* had Increased They had been coming is scores from'ail parte of the country. Many arced the adoption of net mens urea Several, am from working men’s a declaration of *•> of Germaos on Offensive Bat Claims of Kesults ‘‘-onflirting. From the Belgira coast to Arras, a great battle is under way. The Bel gians. in the little section of their fatherland which they etill hold, are pushing forward, apparently with sorfte success. Near the border the French are attacking furolously. Bo- tween these two districts, the Ger mans are prosecuting a fierce offen sive againat the British. Local successes have been woff on both sides, but the main issue prob ably will not be decided soon. The Russians admit a further re treat in Galicia, but deny Austrian and German reports of a complete rout. British correspondents in Petrograd minimize the injfportaaco of the Austro-German victory. Inti mating that Russian strategy may have been responsible in part for tho rapid advance of the Teutonic forcea. Reports from ell sources indicato that the lose of life in the fight on Gallipoli peninsula at the Dardanelles has been severe. British accounts in dicate that the allies have paid a heavy price for establishing position* on the land. A dispatch from Athena says the losses of the Turks have been so great that fresh troops are to be brought in from Symma. The course of Italy still is unde cided, but little 'hope for peace ap parently is entertained at Rome. sg them a few HAS NO INFORMATION German Embassy Bays It Does Nog Know What Heply Will Be. Although the German embassy an nounced in a statement that it bad no 1 'ormatlon to the reply the Ger man government would make to the American note, tension over the sit uation was diminished somewhat in Austro-German qnartera- because Off the belief that Germany, being desi rous of preserving friendly relatione with the United would find some way Ai ♦