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SUNK IN TEST OV UNEQUAL STOIC NOTH. IKNIGSBEKG BOTTLED rttlah Navy Wins Signal Triumph* Orer Sea Wolves of German Navy —Days of Terror to British Ship ping Brought to an End—Annies SUU Battle. if- Widely different claims of contend ' lag armies In the eastern and west era theatres of war, especially con corning the West Flanders sit nation Tuesday night left but one big un disputed fact on land or sea. That eras the destruction of the German cruiser Bmden and the trapping of the German cruiser Koenlgsherg, the latter la a palm-lined East African river under circumstances which read as though they were taken from Stevenson. The British marine Insurance rate almost instantly was cut In half—for never since the days of the Confed erate States’ cruiser Alabama has there been such a successful com- knerce destroyer as the Emden Cheers broke forth at Lloyds on the announcement and for the moment the struggles of the armies In France, Belgium, Russia and elsewhere were forgotten. Yet sll these armies were at each other’s throats—the Germans and Russians clashing In cavalry engage ments along the German frontier; the Russians still harassing (he Aus trians in Galicia, and the French, British and Belgians uniting to hold ' bad: what appears to be a tremen dous German attempt to break through the allied line In the vicinity of Ypres. Many dispatches speak of the movement of German troops east ward from Belgium as indicating the Bead of reinforcements along the ghstern frontier, but neither the French nor German official state- meats Indicated any slackening In the violence of German attacks in West Flaaders. In fact, the French state ment says that between the sea and Armen tier as the opposing forces were both acting on the offensive. As to the outcome of this double offensive the rival cententlons are ooatradictory, the Germans claiming alow progress near Ypres and the VTauh’ asserting that the German attack was beaten back. In view of .what seems to be a sustained and qaaosrated German effort In this ruffian, the reports of the German re- tlr—nit are hardly borne out, al though It is said they have moved their headquarters still farther east, this Una from Ghent to A lost. The situation along the battle line In Ftanee proper, from the stand- potnt of the Allies, was summed up la a dispatch from an observer with the Indtaa corps, who says there has been ao marked change anywhere, though he professes to see a gradual jrtakenlng of German attacks. Aside from the military aspects of the war, what stood out boldest Tues day was Germany’s reported threat to cut off food the United States Is sending to Belgium, if the Belgians did not return to their cities and make an effort to resume their normal occupations. The Belgian answer is 1 that It has been impossible to resume m semblance of normal activity be cause the German soldiery has com mandeered all Implements and mate rials necessary to an Industrial re vival. The British government Tuesday night Issued another so-called white paper, reviewing the Incidents which preceded the declaration of war against Turkey. It deals In the main With the Goeben and Breslau affair \ and sets forth that the Grand Vizier all along was at least ostensibly against dragging Turkey into the conflict, but either was powerless to resist Enver Bey and his associates, ar while outwardly opposing them, was winking at the fast approaching erials while the Turkish and German preparations went forward. The British navy got Into the war picture Tuesday with two successes %2<he destruction of the German cruiser Emden in the eastern waters of the Indian Ocean and thb bottling up pf the Koenlgsherg, considered bar sister ship, in the western ex tremity of the same sea. These two raiders, especially the Bmden, have many successes to their credit, and their skill In evading the act thrown out for them has been a ■latter of chagrin to British naval black was Hoad ob her deck cad a Japanese flag ran up. Thus disguis ed, she steamed boldly into thh har bor. passing unchs ,, "«ged under the British guns of the fort and fired tor pedoes which sank the Russian cruis er Jemtchug and a French destroyer. Then she steanfkd away and escaped through the, straits. The vessels destroyed by the Bm den had a total value of about 94,- 000,000, exclusive of their cargoes. The Emden’s largest guns are only 4.1'lncb. Of these she had ten. Her speed of 24.S knots was her greatest asset, as she was able to run down merchant ships with ease and then ecape from larger but slower vessels that pursued her. British, Russian F|pnch and Japanese warships in the &jug. had been attempting for weeks ito p^it an end to her career. It hks been more dr less of a mys tery to naval- has been able to keep at sea month after month without running short of coal and supplies. It Is assumed, however,, that ahe has obtained suf ficient food and fuel to meet her needs from captured ships. In, at least one Instance this is knowff to have been done. The captain of the British steamer Ex ford, captured by the Emden in the Indian Ocean, re ported to his owners that the com mander of the Emden said that bo- fore he sank the Exford he Intended to take on board his cruiser the 7,000 tons of steam coal with which the Exford was laden. The first report of the activity of the Emden was received August 6, when she was said to have been sunk In action with the Russian cruiser Askold, off Wei-Had-Wei. This was contradicted a few days later, when word was received that the Emden had sunk the steamer City of Win chester on August O', and steaming Into the Bay of Bengal five days later had sent two more British vessels to the bottom. Within three days she had sunk four vessels there. She was accom panied by the Hamburg-Amerlcan steamer Markomannia as a collier. The Markomannia was sunk on Octo ber 16 off Sumatra by a British cruiser. Leaving the Bay of Bengal the Emden sank three British steamers in the Indian Ocean on September 14. On September 22 she appeared off Madras and shelled the city, ex tinguishing her lights and disappear ing when the fort* replied. Then she resumed hor activity In tho vicin ity of Rangoon, where more British vessels fell prey to her. Again she disappeared and was not heard from until ahe turned up at Ponang. The admiralty statement, which announces the destruction of the Em- den in the Indian Ocean, and the bot tling up of tho Koenlgsherg on the east coast of Africa, read In part as follows: ‘After the whereabouts of the Koe- nlgsberg had been indicated by the attack on the Pegasus on September 19, a certain fast cruiser wa sarreet- ed by the admiralty in eastern waters and a thorough and a prolonged search by these vessels In combina tion was made, which resulted. Octo ber 30, In the Koenigsberg’s being discovered by H. M. S. Chatham, Capt. Sidney R R. Drury-Lowe, hid ing In shoal water about six miles up the Rufijl River, opposite Mafrta Is land, German East Africa. Owing to a greater draught the Chatham could not reach the Koenlgsherg, which probably is aground except at high water. Part of the crew of the Koe- nigsberg has been landed and is en trenched on the banks of the river. ’.Both these intrenchments and the Koenlgsherg herself have been bom barded by the Chatham, but owing to the dense palm groves amid which the ship lies, It is not possible to es timate the damage done. Pending operations for her capture or de struction, in fact, steps have been taken to block the Koenlgsherg by sinking colliers in the only navlble channel to the river and she now is Imprisoned and uable to do any fur ther harm.” TEN MILLION BALMS GINNED TO NOVEMBER 1. t Compares With M80.SM Balm Dor. lag Last Year—Sooth Carolina Figure* 010,408 Bales. Important farm {crops of the Unit ed States this year are worth $5,068,- 742.000 or $104,000,000 more than the value of the same crops last year, notwithstanding a loss of $418,000,- 000 sustained by cotton planters tm lint alone as a result of the European war. - • V Preliminary estimates announced ent of Agri- culture and statistics of average prices paid to producers November 1 Indicate that this year’s wheat and corn crops are the most valuable ever grown in the United States, that the wheat and apple crops are record harvests and that the potato crop Is the second largest ever raised. - L The huge wheat crop and the in creased price of that cereal, the large corn and apple crops and the In creased price in oats, barley and rye more than offset the big loss In cot ton. The value of important crops, bas ed on the average prices paid to pro ducers November 1 and the values last year, follow: COUNTRY'S AGRICULTURE YTBIA) THIS YEAR isr ENORMOUS. v# ■ * Nation Raise* Quarter Billion More Bushel* of Corn This Year Thaa la Yea# 1018. ^ Ginning of cotton continued active despite the low price Southern ter mers are 1 receiving and the depres sion In the industry caused by the war. ,. . 'x During the period from October 18 to November 1 the ginnlhg amounted to >,207,114 bales, making the aggre gate for the season 9,828,695 bales. The period’s ginning was only 5.170 bales less than ' ginned during tl-.e same period in the record production year of 1911 and the aggregate for the season Is only 142,210 bales less Compared with last year the ginnings to November 1 were 855,177 bales more. — In Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana and Oklahoma the ginnings to Nov ember 1 exceed those for any of the past eight years. Ginnings prior to November 1, by states, with comparisons for the past three years and the percentage of the entire crop ginned in those states prior to that date in the same years, follow: ,■ ARE LARGEST Great Bear Will Now flattie Turkish Qpeetloa to His Satisfaction. ’ The apology of the Turk for the assault of his fleet on Russian ports on the Black Sea has not accom plished its purpose. Both Russia and Great Britain have undertaken active military measures against him and hostilities have begun on the Red 86ft. A series of Incidents shows that Turkey’s efforts to hold aloof from the general warfare came too late. Constantinople reports officially that Russian troops have crossed her fron tier In the Caucasus but were driven back. A British cruiser has shelled and occupied the Turkish . fortified town of Akabah, bn the Red Sea in Arabia. It is announced in a new 1914. 1913. 000s 000s omitted. omitted. Corn $1,885,867 $1,730,021 Wheat .... 858,056 587,803 Oats ..... 484,390 425,150 Barley .... 100,839 97,469 Rye 34,387 26,153 Buckwheat . . 13,297 10,141 Potatoes . . . 219,396 230,741 Sweet potatoes 42,751 44.TOG Hay 803,353 880,360 Flaxseed . . . 18,960 21.192 Apples .... 144,963 124,471 Details for important crops in prin- cipal states follow: Corn. Acre Production, Yield. 000s omitted. Virginia . . . . 21.0 40,341 North Carolina 20,0 56,700 Tennessee . . . 23.5 78,725 Tobacco. Pounds. Virginia . . . . . . 650 104,000 North Carolina . . . 650 146,250 Sonth Carolina . . . 730 33,580 Florida . . . . . . 1.000 4,300 Kentucky . . . . 910 353,535 Tennessee . . . . 820 63,468 Connecticut . . . 1,770 35,754 Pennsylvania . . 1,450 47,995 Ohio 900 78,120 Wisconsin . . . . 1,180 53,809 Other details of the department’s November crop report are: Corn—Acre yield 25.8 bushels; November 1 term price 69,7 cents a bushel; corn remaining on farms FIGHT IN AFRICA. The Emden’s end came In battle U befitted her record throughout history for, according to all accounts, even those of her victims, she played dean game strictly In accordance fltfc {the recognized rule of naval Warfare. 8 ; ’After a sharp action off Cocos Is- wlth the Australian cruiser f, the German ship with heavy casualties was beached, ablaze. The German cruiser Koenlgsherg met a leas glorious fate aa she was bottled in such a position that she must be captured or surrendered, In either case she probably .wfll be nothing but a useleaa hulk. The Bmden has contributed to the history of the war one of Its most remarkable chapters. For sheer au dacity and success it has mew paral lels-—certainly none since the Ala- the famous old Confederate was roaming the seas, f-two ships, mostly British, been sunk, and one has been by the German cruiser, early in August the Emden at work.. Most of the time i preying on British shipping Indian Ocean, bat late last at Pe- TSTwaT the Emden performed her Victory for Rebel* Follows Loyalist Win in South Africa. "Gen. Christian De Wet, the rebel leader,” says Reuter's Prestorla cor respondent, "has been In contact with and dispersed a small government command under Gen. Conje, a mem ber of the legislature, near Dronberg. In the course of the fighting Gen. De- Wet's son, Daniel, was killed. The government Is sending strong rein forcements to Cronje.’’ Reuter’s Cap Town correspondent under date of Monday gives the fol lowing official communication con cerning the fighting in South Africa: "An engagement between Gen. Lammer’s forces and Transvaal re bels under Gen. Christian Beyers oc curred on the Vet river, southeast of Bioemhoef, November 8. "The rebels, well armed and led by Beyers, were entirely dispersed, los ing nine men killed, 11 men wound ed, 864 prisoners, 300 rifles and 300 horses. The loyalists’ casualties were three killed and nine wounded. To 8*ek Wireless Plant*. The government has heard persist ent rumors of a concealed wireless In the Maine woods anl has sent numer ous secret service men to look out for the machine. » . .... Will Fire on Strangers. The Dutch foifs around Flushing have announced their intention to fire on all strange crafts found In the River Schledt. • Germany Shifting Troops. It is reported from various sources that the Germans are shifting their eastern troops to the Belgian field of battle. To Try for Cotton Money. Commissioner McLanrfn has stated tiiat he will make an effort to a^a^errgy thg-ffireffSttle" of the farmers. *' GERMAN SIDE. Berlin Says Campaigns Are Progress ing Satisfactorily. Berlin reports that according to official Information given to the press Tuesday by Berlin wireless, the west ern campaign Is making satisfactory though slow progress. Interest, how ever, centres strongly in the east, where the beginning of actual opera tions has not yet been annoonchd. Maj. Moraht, In The Tageblatt, ex plains that tho operations in Poland have not yet reached a point where leaders are justified in setting forth the situation. At the proper time, he says, the people will learn what is really, happening. Meantime assurances are given that there is no fear of a Russian in vasion of German territory inJorce. The forces patrolling the boundary are sufficient to prevent any snch movement, he adds. \ \ \ Election Causes Deficit. Comptroller General Jones bus an nounced that only 40 per cen£. of the election advertisements can be paid for, as there Is no more money for that purpose. +»♦ Fought With Shot Gi After an argument over their rent bill P. B. Arnold. 63. of Little Rock, also wounded. ^ November 1 80,069,000 bushels. Wheat—Price 96.2 cents; weight per measured bushel 68.0 pounds. Oats—Price 42.6; weight 31.6. Tobacco—Yield 863.8. FIGHTING STARTS. Villa and Carranza About to Face Each Other in Battle, Generals commanding fifty thou sand men in Mexico City were reliev ed of their commands Tuesday by Gen. Venustiano Carranza because they refused to nullify their action In signing an agreement to obey the Aguas Callentes convention. It is reported that Gen. Villa’s ad vance guard of 15,000 men is march ing south of Encarnacion de Diaz on Us way to the capital, which it is said to have been order to take in the name of Eulalio Guiterrez. Between these troops and their goal Is Gen. Pablo Gonzales, loyal to Carranza, with forty thousand troops, disposed about Queretaro City. A clash is ex pected there. In the capital there are 27,000 men, according to official figures. Fighting of a severe character con tinues in the suburbs of the capital.* Persistent attacks are being made on Xochimllco and San Angel by Zapata followers. Shells rushed to the front from the citadel are said to have been loaded with sawdust Instead of pow der. It Is reported, however, that the Carranza forces have everywhere been victorious In the suburban fight ing. 1914 Alabama. .. .. ..1,068,596 1913 1,015,788" 68.5 1912 . . .. . . 809,662 61.0 1911 1,088,737 64.2 1914 Arkansas. .. .. .. 574,882 1913 431,522 41.6 1912 440,482 57.1 1911 444,401 48.9 J9M Florida. 56,645 ^ 1913 47,315 70.9 1912 35,362 60.1 1911 56,070 59.4 1914- Georgia. 1913 1,606,506 68.5 1912 1,112,419 61.4 1911 1,908,764 68.3 1914 Lonislaiia. 297,910 1913 222,464 50.9 1912 .. .1 .. 261,701 69.8 1911 232,245 67.0 1914 Mississippi. 668,756 1913 568,005 45.4 1912 511,678 50.9 1911 584,199 50.0 1914 North Carolina. 428,362 1913 384.260 45.9 1912 496,537 54.8 1911 .. .. *. 597,949 53.1 1914 Oklahoma. ._ .. .. 658.211 1913 536,303 63.7 1912 599,199 59.6 1911 554.933 64 6 1914 South Carolina. 910,403 1913 846,468 59.7 1912 730,690 59.7 1911 .. ... .1,022,614 60.4 1914 Tennessee. 172,718 1913 174,379 47.5 1912 118,485 44.3 1911 211,128 48.1 1914 Texas. 3,170.925 1913 2,950,444 78.2 1912 3,709,725 79.9 1911 3,211,572 78.2 1914 All Other States. 1913 46,942 39.1 , 1912 43,291 48.1 1911 ... .. .. 58,302 42.0 Ginnings of Sea Island cotton prior November 1, by states: South 1914. 1913 1912 1911 Florida. .19,270 .10,356 .11.067 .21,038 Georgia. 23,184 24,570 16,276 33,841 MOO HORSES BURNED. dispatch that Emperor Nocholaa has ordered his Caucasian army to cross the frontier and attack the Turks; the Turkish ambassador has left the Russian capital; the Russian foreign minister has replied to the Porte that negotiations now are Impossible and an Imperial manifesto Issued in Petrograd says Russian confidence Is firm that Intervention of Turkey will only hasten the fatal issue to that empire and that Russia will now find a way to settle the Black Sea prob lem handed down to her by previous rulers. SITUATION SERIOUS. Warfare Expected Between Carranza and New President. ^ Administration officials admit that the Mexican situation again had as sumed a serious aspect.- Gen. Car ranza has fulfilled partially Washing ton’s request for guarantees before withdrawing American troops from Verat Cruz, but this decree does not satisfy the main point asked by the United States—that Mexicans who served the American government dur ing the occupation of the port be not punished for such service. At 6 o’olock Tuesday night Gen. Eulalio Gutierrez, selected by the Aguas Callentes convention, was sworn in as provisional president of Mexico. Carranza ha* been informed and immediate hostilities against him as a rebel will begin If he does not recognize the authority of Gutierrez. I *** RUSSIANS DEFEATED. ELECTION 18 ENDOHSStaWT'Or 4 .. WILSON AND HIS ACTS. Germans Claim to Have Repulsed in vader* Near Frontier. Berlin reports another Russian re pulse on the blood-drenched and blood-scarred hills of tho eastern frontier of East Prussia has been re ported to Berlin from Gumblnnen under date of November 8. Simultaneously with their opera tions against the main German army under Gen. Von Hlndenburg, on the line of the River Warthe, the Rus sians attempted to break into East Prussia by the old route south of Wlrballen, but they were met at thee frontier by Gen. Von Morgen’s army, RUSSIAN ADVANCE. Petrograd Says it is a (kmtinoed and Irresistible Offensive. Petrograd reports that what is de scribed as a continued and Irresist ible offensive of the Russian army resulting in the evacuation of Poland by the Germans, is reported as suc cessfully establishing Itself In Ger man territory at Pieschen, 15 miles west of the Russo-eGrman frontier. In addition the Germans are said to be generally relinquishing their stand along the Warthe river. This advance was accomplished, It is stat ed, by tho Russian cavalry movement, in outflanking the German left. Carolina. 877 1,878 1,544 1,684 BANKS REFUSE AID. Intended for Allies Annies They Are Destroyed by Flames. Practically all of the eight hun dred horses on board the British steamship Rembrapdt were burned or smothered to death when the ship caught afire off the Virginia capes Monday, according to information reaching Norfolk Tuesday night. The Rembrandt was bound from Balti more to St. Nazalre, France, and the animals are underatood to have been intended for the armies of the Allies. It was reported that Capt. Edlin, of the Rembrandt, had notified offi cials of the Lamport and Holt line, owners of the steamship, that vessel was set on fire by German spies who were members of the crew. The cap tain Is said to have claimed that threats against the ship were made before it steamed from Baltimore Saturday. No confirmation of these reports was available. Tuesday night the Rembrandt was steamingjftckwkrd and forward in a circle teifMiiles off Cape Henry, while the crew was busy disposing of the carcases in the sea. Less than a dozen of the horses are said to be alive. It was expected that the work would be completed, after whlqh the Rem brandt will proceed to' Newport News for repairs. Forward compartments of the ship are reported badly dam aged. ‘ . ’* • When the firs was discovered the ship was 200 mtlee off the Capes. The smoke was so dense that the crew could not reach the flames. And the stampeded animals were left to their fate. The ship’s hold was flood ed and the hatches closed, these ef forts finally resulting In the fire hav ing, been brought under control, Sheriff Cleared. 4 Hmd Hi Brciar, rule, has been cleared of the charge of yontwgpt of court Boston Financiers Appear to be Re luctant to Join Cotton Pool. Nine of the 14 national banks of Boston took adverse action Thursday on the advisability of entering the $135,000,000 cotton pool which is be ing formed under government aus pices to finance the Southern cotton crop. Two others, the Commercial and the Fourth Atlantic, voted to enter the pool. Many of the bankers were said to favor extending financial help to New England cotton mills in their pur chase of cotton rather than to the growers direct. PARTIES DIVIDE. WILL G80W IN FAYOI Nebraskan Says Huge Shrinkage of Progressive While Unexpected Waa Alone Responsible for the Gains of the Republicans — Convinced of Righeonsness of Party's Pedicles. Secretary Bryan, back at the state department Monday after his cam paign trip West, issued a formal statement summarizing election re sults and declaring they could not be considered other than as an Indorse ment of President Wilson and his policies. Pointing to the decreased Pro gressive vote as the outstanding fea ture of the election returns, Mr. Bryan said bis had resulted in .no change In the leadership of the regu lar Republican ranks; that Senator Penrose and Former Speaker Can non would represent their party in congress and the Progressives return ing to the Republican party would have to accept all they had protested against and more. The statement reads: “The 1914 election can not be con- 'sldered other than as an indorse ment of the president and his policies. I am so convinced of the merits of the remedial measures enacted under the president’s leadership and of the righteousness of his foreign policy that I expected the voters to support the candidates who represented his views. "There were a number of causes which operated against our party, namely, the efforts of the beneficia ries of protection who, out of resent ment, sought to make the tariff law obnoxious; the disturbed conditions caused by. the European war, and the fact that the excellent laws passed by congress bad not had time to prove their worth. Then, too, more Pro gressives returned to the Republican party than we expected. This alone accounted for most of the Republican gains in the House of Representa tives. "The victory, however, waa suf ficiently complete to show that the people are with the president, and he Is now able to continue the splendid program upon which he has entered. "The gains in the Senate are espec ially gratifying—not a single Demo crat defeated for re-e)octloa and three senator*hip* taken from the Republicans. "There Is every reason te believe the administration will grow la popu larity as the laws go Into effect, and as Democratic policies beer fruit. The new currency law is just begin ning to operate; before the next elec tion it will have indicated its claim to public confidence. “The new tariff law can not be re pealed until after the people have had a chance to try H ont. and now that the election is over the protected manufactures ars already resuming work. "Some of them suspended opera tions or cut down their forces before the election and they did it under conditions which left little doubt they hoped to arouse opposition t the new tariff law. Seeing that the law is here to stay, they will now proceed to demonstrate the fallacy of the ar guments, which they used in oppos ing reduction. "The president’s foreign policies are indorsed and his hands strength ened. "The outstanding fact in the late election returns la the slump of the Progressive vote. A large percentage of the Progressive Republicans have returned to the Republican party and that, too, without any surrender on the part of the ‘standpatters’ and ro- acionaries. The leadership of the regular Republican party has under gone no change. “Senator Penrose and ex-Speaker Cannon will represent that party In the Senate and House, and the re turning Progressives must be prepar ed to accept all that they protested against and more, for the standpat- ers, after having overcome the de fection, are ever farther from re forms than they were two years ago. "The Democratic party deserves the support of all real Progressives and in the next two years In will draw to itself those Progressives who understand the radical nature of the issue which separates the Democrat from the aristocrat and the pluto crat.” One Democrats Unexpectedly Gain Congressman In Illinois. Unexpected “scratching” by down- state voters probably has elected one Democrat a^d one Republican as con- gressmen-at-large from Illinois. Pre vious returns Indicated the success of both Republican candidates, but Tuesday with 29 qf the 101 counties missing-, William E. William#, Demo crat, was 9,558 votes abend of J. Mc- Can Davis, Republican. The other Republican candidate, Burnett M. Chipefleld had a seemingly safe lead of- 25,875 over Thomas P. Sullivan, Democrat. Tried to Save Wife, Says He. After confessing the murder of his wife with her three children and the burning of their bodies Scott Stone, of Chicago, says his wife killed the children and herself while he fired the house to hide her crime. Russian Ships In Action. The Russian cruisers Kagal and Pamlat bombarded the Eregll Sun day and escaped., Killed Woman and Escaped. Viola Roper of Greenville was shot by Frank Howard Tuesday and kill ed. The slayer, who used a double barrelled shot gun, Reaped.' Race Horses In About twenty special ."race horse* trains carrying 100 animals each have arrived }n Charleston In pre paration tor the coming meet. * * * t London Reports Airship. English dispatch tells of seeing an Offensive Begins Again. London reported Monday that the Germans had begun fresh attempts to break through the allied lines. -"i- ■ i. Greek Minister Leaves. Saying that disagreements with his government prevented effective service the Greek minister at Wash ington has departed for Greece, -- • ♦ a . '> High Death Rate In This State. South Carolina’s death rate from consumption Is 13.5' per cent, as against the rate of the entire country of only 10 per cent. " '• - The machine was previously sighted Sumter Chicken Thieves Use Ante. PS by chicken thieves who robbed a resi dence of 3$ gullets and fled In an Jh.i