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-X r - > V0L-XX11I- BARNWELL. SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY, MAY >7, 1900. PACTS ABOUT AN BCUP8B. k. GRtSAT ASTRONOMICAL KVKMT. Total Solar Fcllpae Visible in Urn United States May 148-The Son WiU Look Like a Burning Candle. New York Comaercikl Adv^e^r. Oa May 28 of the present year we •hail have an oppoitunity to see an undbmmon astronomical occurrence. The tun will be totally eclipsed, and the event will be visible In parts of the United States. Occasionally, as we It now,' the moon passes between us and the sun, cutting off the latter's light completely. This we call a solar eolipse. 'Luna eclipses, on the other hand, are caused by the moon's reaching such a position that the earth Is directly between it apd the sun. The moon has no inherent brilliancy like the sun ; It shines jonly by reflecting solar light; and when that light is cut off, the moon simply "goes out.” But the sun is BelMllumi* , f < ”'_ nous, and is in reality shining just the same when under eclipse as at any other time. In the former, the moon having suddenly ceased to receive or reflect light, the eclipse is observable wherever the moon, if unecllpsed, would be visible. But at any given moment we can usually see the moon from one-half the earth’s surface. Consequently, if a lumar eclipse takes place a majority of the earth’s Inhabi tants have an opportunity to observe, it and thus a lunar eclipse Is something that almost any person can remember to have seen. But it is very different with the sun. As we have said, he continues to give light when eclipsed, so that It is only in places where the sun is actually covered up by the moon that he will seem to be eclipsed. The moon under eclipse is like a candle that qas been extinguished ; it Is dark from whatever side we look at it. But the eelipsed sun is like a burring candle, which will be invisible to nim only whose view is obstructed by the interposition of some opaque objact. That opaque object is the moon. But she is comparatively small and cannot render the sun totally invisible from more than a* tiny circular or oval spot on the earth's surface. In the eclipse of May 28 that little spot will be only about 75 miles wide; and if the moon were not In mjtion the total phase of the eclipse could be seen no where else. But the moon is travel ing all the time through space In Its orbit around the earth. So theTlttle spot Is moving, too, and changing its position gradually upon the earth’s sarfaoe. Thus, instead of a spot, we •hall have a long strip or band about 75 miles wide : and by waiting for tne right moment. It will be possible to see totality from any point within this band. The whols thing Is much as though there were a-huge pencil, wl.b Its point touching the earth, and hav ing Its other end pivoted to the sun. If the moving moon were then also at tached to this pencil somewhere near the point, she would draw the pencil along, and the point would trace out the eclipse path on our earth. Any one standing In that path could then look along the pencil, and at the pro per moment see the moon covering the sun and obscuring the light. In places situated near this path of totality, as it is called, we shall he able to sec the eclipse, but not as a total one. For such places the moon will cover the sun only in part so that some of his brilliant surface will remain in sight. The amount of obscuration always de pends upon the observer's nearness to the totality line. The nearer he is, the more nearly total the eclipse will be. Oa May 28th the path of totality be gins in the Pacific ocean Just west of Mexico. There the point of the huge oencll we have imagined first touches earth. It then passes eastward acre as Mexico, and entering the United StaWM near New Orleans, proceeds in a northeasterly direction until it leaves TOgrTmimwiw niwn in Hniimhi Uni Then it crosses mathematical theories more perfect. The greatest interest, however, cen ters about the physical observations possible during a total eclipse. .Our sun is not merely the blazing, brilliant, luminous.globe we see every day in the heavens. * The tiery center ball has a vast outer appendage, stretch ing millions of miles into space—the delicately tinted, tenuous, filmy, un explained corona. It Is the corona that makes a total eclipse so beautiful, regarded merely as a spectacle to be seen and enjoyed. Its light Is much fainter than that of the sun ; we can see it only when the later is complete ly obscured. At all other times the bright light of the central ball lljuml- nates the air surrounding our earth so as to make it far tuperior in bright ness to the faint corona; and observers looking perforce through this illumi nated air cannot distinguish the de.i- cate tracery of the corona itself. But when the advancing edge of the moon slowly covers the sun’s central disc, at last only a narrow sickle- shaped piece is left, the waiting as tronomers have a few moments of in tense expectation. The sickle narrows gradually ; but a mere thread is left yet even that Is quite sufficient to mask the corona. Then, suddenly, all la covered. On the instant, as though at the touck of a magician s wand, out bura.s the spleudid corona into view. ’Tie a sight of beauty indescribable, impressive beyond comparison. Men that have been privileged to see it, ever after tell of its having given one of life's most exciting moments, never to be forgotten. But the quiet scientific investigator tries to make use of these rare oppor tunities to obtain some knowledge of the true constitution of our suu. Be fore the corona's appearance, jnst m the brll'lant central disc is being totally obscured, there are a very few brief Important seconds when we re ceive light direct from the outer layers of the solar globe, and these moments offer the only chance to examine directly the glowing gases that make up the sun's outside envelope. ( Mucb of our solar knowledge has been thus gathered painfully In the few fleeting mlqqtet of observation made poeeible by successive total eclipses Tnen it is that we see great red flames flashing hundreds of thousands of miles out Into space Curling. Interlacing, ever changing, veritable cloudbursts of living Are, these .are proofs of the power and violence of nature’s bidden forces. astronomers. The eclipse was observ ed by astronomers representing Eng land, France And Italy. The ■total eclipse of May, 1883, bad some special dramatic features about It. To begin with, the duration was unusually loug ; nearly five and a half minutes. Tbe greatest duration of totality was six and a half minutes, re corded In Great Britain August 29, 1886. Another pecul ar feature was that this eclipse was only visible in the middle of the Pacific ocean. Fortu nately for the cause of science, a group of coral islands lay in its neighbor hood. America, Eugland, France, Italy and Australia were represented. During tbe total eclipse of the suu, August 7, 1869, which was visible In Alaeka, the Indians of the Cbilkat river were greatly alarmed. Pro fessor Benjamin Price of the United States coast survey, bad gon,e «ith a party to Alaska to observe and report the eclipse and had warned the In dians, but they had refused to believe him until tbe sue was half obscured. Then they all disappeared and not a sound . was heard throughout their village. They had made up their abo riginal minds, that tbe scientists were taking care of matters—that the sun was " very sick ” and they had ” put it to sleep.” -Educated and intelligent people do not hesitate to express a dread of that solemn darkness which Is unlike any other atmosphere, and in which all nature appears overshadowed with ap proaching doom. One who has wit nessed a total eclipse gives this graphic description : "As much as five minutes before the total obscurlty.lt may be possible to detect strange wavering lines of light and shade drawing across tbe landscape. Then, with frightful velo city, the shadow of tbe muon Is seen approaching, a tangible darkness ad vancing like a wall, swift as imagina tion, silent as doom. The Immensity of nature never comes so near as then, and strong must be the nerves not tn quiver upon the spectator with incredible •peed. A vast palpitating presence seems overwhelming tbe world Bats emerge stealthily. Sensitive flowers close. An assembled crowd Is awed Into absolute silence. It becomes curi ously cold and the chill is mental as well as physical." THB RACE PROBLEM ' , IN THE SOUTH. Convict records creasing number The record shows vlcts are negroes, the Atlantic, touches Portugal, and afterward paeses across Northern Al.ica, leaving the earth fiaally near the northaVn end of the Bed sea. In this country the cltiWof New Orleens, La., Mobile, Ala., Mont J ;omery, Ala., Kaielgh, N. C., and Nor-\ oik, va , are all on the totality path At New Orleans the sun will be 00m pletely covered at 7:30 a. m., while at Norfolk this will not happen until 8:53 a. m. In the former city totality will laat 73 seconds, and In the latter 102 seconds. At intermediate places bom the time and duration of totality will fail between these extreme values. For places nearer to New Orleans than to Norfolk the numbers will be near for New Orleans, and tCcliiwm of the San as Viewed In Poruaer Times. Chicago films Herald. A total eclipse of tbe sun is an nounced as the most important celes tial phenomenon of 1900, and although tbe frequency with" which solar totality occurs »nd our present scientific know ledge have robbed it of tbe mystery and even the terror which formerly accompanied itgreatvaluc In asironom- leal circles is given to its recurrence. Jnfortunately mere is a doubt as to the totality being visible in America, tbe leading astronomers locating it In Spain, and naming 1925 as the date of total solar eclipse in the United States. Be this as it may, elaborate preparations are to be made for the 00 currence on May 28m, when the South ern railway will run an eclipse train from New Orleans to Norfolk, and another epoch will be accentuated by progression in science. Among the elegant modern distinctions of railway travel smoked glass will be a leading feature, and tbe only drawback anti cipated will be a cloudy sky or a total absence of the expected eclipse. The earliest records of solar eclipses are ascribed to Confucius, and of these three were total, and they are not mentioned as scientific facts, but as bad omens. Be recorded that the total eclipse wai greeted as such phenomena are received at the present time by the Chinese people, with the beating lid cries and a savage up- rnkMUf II er those given vice versa. Having thus stances of this explained the circum eclipse, we shall now touch upon some of the interestiug things that will be seen if the sky is dear. Total solar eclipses appeal equally to Ihu general public and to the professional astronomer. On the one hand, they present the mostsu perb spectacle within tbe whole range of aatronomy ; and on the other, they offe. the best opportunity to study the mysterious structure nod composition of our sun. One of the things to which astronomers attach im porta ace is the. accurate observation of the times o beginning and ending of the eclipse It Is easy to see that the m&tbematloa consideration upon wh<ch are based our thaorias of lunar motioa will be put to a very severe test in predicting the exact instant wheh the sun will be covered up by the moon. If observa tion agrees with prediction, we have the strongest corroborative evidence Of ihe correctness of our theory and of our numerical calculations. Oa the other hand, if it be found that tne pre dictions are slightly in error, the amount of that error can be determine! by observation, and mathematics theory thus corrected for the benefit o future predictions. Although our knowledge la this department of as troaomy has reached a ♦cry high state perfection, It is a fact that we oan- predict the times of eclipse today t n possibility of error amount- several seconds. Part of this is due no doubt to insufflotent edge of the moon's slse, or to the ility thnt contact between sun aBfi moon may oneur at a vary Irregu* ler or mountainous part of the inndr surface. But each eclipse tends to im- prove our Infor^usjioa aad make our CONFKRRNCE AT MONTGOMERY. 1 mmmmmmmm, 1 * Kx Secretary Herbert Opens the Dis cussion— Ihe Races Must Abide Togei her. The conference for the discussion of the race problem In tbe South assem bled in Montgomery, Ala., on the 8th Inst., and at the opening session there was one of the largest and most repre sentative gatherings ever seen in that city. This conference is held under tbe auspices of the Southern Society for the promotion of the study of the race conditions and problems in the South. Governor Johnston made an ad dress of welcome on behalf of the State, and gave Interestlag facts and figures. In Alabama considerable pro gress has been made In the line of tdu- cating the negro. The school fund Is paid'almoet entirely by the whites and distributed impartially to children of both races. show a steadily in of negro convicfk. 89 per cent of con- tbere neing now In the penitentiary 253 whites and 2,147 negroes. Of the total of 2,147 colored convicts 925 are confined for serious crimes. On October 1, 1878, tbbre were 654 Bute convicts against 1,760 now. " We have now one negro in tne peni tentiary for each 317 of population, and one wnlte fdr each 3,270," said the Governor. "The negro who accumu lates property becomes a conservative citizen, ceases to listen to political agitators and desires no return of ir responsible and corrupt legislation. The more be accumulates the greater his Interest tn tbe reign of law and the preservation of peace.” " Bon. John B. Gaston, of Montgome-y, as temporary chairman,. Introduced Hon. Hilary A. Herbert ex-secretary of the navy, who made tbe Introduo- lory speech to the able discussioat the bhre black sbadow-ruehes fw-hteb-tollewad, la--uhiaA-ha nontend- fcd tbat tbe two races must abide to gether in the Bouthern States, and that we must work out the problem as best we can In the providence of God. He began by thanking the society for the honor conferred, and said the negro question had been always with the people of the Bouth and would abide with them, in ope phase or another. The present is happily an era of good feeling between the sec tions, more complete and perfect than any tbat has ever existed. The force bill bas been dropped, the negro was not in ihe Presidential campaign of 1896; the new constitution of Missis sippi has been decided by the supreme court of tbe United States to be valid, and we have tbe sympathy of thought ful men in the North to an extent that never before existed. • Sociologists in tbat section are studying our situation. No paper could portray more clearly tbe gravity of tbe prooltms now before tbe South than an address by Prof. Wtlloox, chief statistician of tbe census, on negro criminology, delivered at Saratoga last summer. Let us so use this op portunity tbat ail of our fellow citizens who may follow these proceedings shall see tbat we -are here to ste what can be done towards the purification of the ballot box. the prol.ctlon of our women and the adjustment of tbe re- cunnot cure the situation by ceasing to educate. But while continuing to urge education, I would not have you under- rstlmate the task that is before us. The negro is not tbe equal of the white man; science ,and history alike pro claim this truth. <Uls skull is thicker and his brain smaller than the white man’s and Prof. Cope tells us that the sutures of the skull which promote growth and expansion, usually grow up, as they do not in the white man’s *•7 at about the age of 14 years. Tbe ne gro bas never civilized himself. He has always been a savage In Africa. In Haytl and San Domingo during a century of self-government he 1 as ret rograded. In the British and Danish West Indies he has made little pro gress. ^ The moment of emancipation was a critical period In the history of the Southern negro. He had not been taught to provide fok tbe tnorrow. Lib erty brought responsibilities for which he was utterly uotqual; and false teachings just cow might do him in calculable Injury. Abraham Lincoln knew that the nsgro, who had never learned to take care of himself, was not oompatont to aid in taking care of the State. And so Mr. Lincoln’s plan of reconstruction was to bring back the seceded States Into the Union with only such voters as were qualified un der tbe laws of the several States. Mr. Lincon had prepared and read in his cabinet the proclamation for the re habilitation of North Carolina, which was the basis of President Johnson’s plans. T>.ts Is testified to by Secretary McCullough and Gen. Grant. If Lin coln bad lived, the speaker thought he would ha«e been able to carry cut his plans. Johnson failed because be bad no tact and no influence. Never was there such a blunder as In the theory that suffrage would help educate the negro. What the negro wanted above all things was to know how to take care of himself so that he might develop.' He needed sympathy and tutelage end this he would have had, especially-trom hiaolri mas ler, on terms that would have been advan tageous to both 1 but be was taught that he bad no friends vxucpt among those who wanted his votes. It the carpet-bagger who drew p-.e color line. When we consider tbe feelings of tbe youpg negro of the present genera tion towards the white man, let us re member the false teachings and the bitter and unsuccessful struggles for power from which be has ideas. It is because of this same bitter feeling that the present generation of a bite men dislike tbe negro. W. H. Council, ah Alabama negro, In an able article in The Forum said: "When the veterans who followed Lee to Appooiatoi shall be gathered to their graves, the negro will have loit his bast friend*." But there is a more encouraging view, and you will consider it. Is not the negro distinctly and clearly Improving in tbe white counties where white men predominate? Is not the negrocrlmln ology largely due to poverty, went of eouoatlon nod of home training ? Is not the system of industrial education as taught at Tuakegte by that inmarsabln man—Booker Washington -n keynote to tbe situation ? And are there not so many thousand Instances of negroes be coming orderly and faithful citizens as to Lead us to the ooocluslou that much of the evil we now sen is ti<n result of mlseducntion. and that in tbe establish ment of more harmonious relations be tween tbe races and better training for the negro we are to look for the solu tion of the problem ? Another question relates to the purity of the ballot box. Why Is neither life nor liberty safe In the little Btates of Central America ? Tbe answer Is, be cause there Is no such thing known there as pure elections. Every admin istration Is tbe creature of revolution or of an election dominated by force. No one has any respect for the title by which any official holds his place, and so revolutions pome and go and there neither is nor can be prosperity. If in ibe^iouthern Btates we bave ffe TrdmAbe Uaehlege of our fathers to this Instance, it was from the necessity of preserving our civilisation. But, as we have found, it is just one step from defrauding the negro to defrauding tbe white man, and we know that as long as matters remain as they are now we never can have, as we wish to have, two respectable parties in these South ern States. A RKDUCriON IN PKICK4. Tits feme Dispensary Will Ksduct Contributions to the 84-hool Fund —More Money is 10 be Given Towns am) Cities. The Columbia Daily Kvcord gives the following account of the meeting of the board of directors of the State dispensary: Among other Important actions taken by tbe board was one that the price 01 liquors, of various kinds, would be reduced to uisueorers on tbe invoice price. It is ta'd tbat the reduction generally will be about ten per cent. A committee was appointed to gel up tbe price list. It is understood that the reduction in the invoice price to dispensers will not affect prices to consumers, and the object of tbe reduction, which Is said to nave been according to. legislative directions, Is ty give tbe cities and towns and the counties more of the 1 ^iwoeu the two races in such of gong*, wl r-UfiMfiM off the 'eVtro 'mobster the friendly sun.” oatlng up profits and reduce the annual fund paid to the general school fund to about $76 969* year. Heretofore about $100,- 0U0 bas been paid anuually, apd it is asserted tbat if this Is kept up tbe schools wl.l have the whole business. There are many counties, however, which alwsys devote the money re ceived from the dispensary to school purposes. There are others which use it for general purposes and no legisla tive requirement has been made as to Us disposition. A beer dispensary was established at Alk6fc'' This dispensary was at one time closed, and it did pot come within ■eeeatacMaa Irffhfi hMiiiiUll<mln Iff One of the eclipses of antiquity was famous for two events. 'One was that it was foretold by an astrologer of the phllasopMcai school of thq time, 585 B. C., and its alarming appearance •topped a battle between the Lydians and the Medes. Tne sudden darkness convinced the -combatants tbat tbe gods were wroth and they at once ceased fighting. The prophets took advantage of their own ignorance and the terrors of the people to predict direful things, which, In many cases— being tbe result of unfortunate condi tions—took place, adding to their terror of the sun and Inspiring a n-w reverence (or the poweisof the prophet. Two famous eclipses occurred ik Europe during the ninth century. A total eollpee in A. D. 840 frightened Emperor Louis of Bavarik to death and destroyed his kingdom. Other eclipses had tbe same effect on rulers, which was so disastrous that some wwe men among thoe$ in ppwer gave out the death of the king as an event of such moment that the heave is, shocked at the suddenpese of the fatality, went Into mourning. r In 1715,1a May, an eclipse of the sun was predicted in Lehdon by fi pamphlet. " The Black Day, or the Prospect of Doomsday.” Great pre paration was made for the unwelcome shadow, and it was related afterwards that In spite of the ” awesome dark, ’ no one of prominence died, nor did auy public disaster overtake the country. An eclipse of especial Interest to America was that of October 27, 1780, when the first American eclipse ex dispensers to hold their jobs uotl June. It was also ordered that dis pensers in the various, towns should keep alcohol on hand for the use of druggists. Several distillers in some parts of the State who have been granted licenses have established their distille ries within two miles of a school house or church. They were given thirty days to get out or lose their license. A circular was directed to be sent to every board of control, ordering tbat eight cents should be paid for half-pint bottles and twelve cents for quarts and pints. A license was Issued to J. T. Kelly, of Pickens, to distill. A licensewas re fused for ,a similar purpose to T. A. King, of Greenville. No Need for a Husband -The Detroit Free Press publishes the fol lowing story : " Don’t know- whether It’s cew or not. I- heard It down la Bermuda," said the man who recently returned from that winter resort. " Tnere Is a rlph widow living just outside of Pontaic, according to this story, and after several elderly gentle men had vainly endeavored to lure her into matrimony again report gained circulation that she was a regular man hater. Finally, a' wealthy widower from the East, carrying with him the evidences of good living and the hearti ness that seeks congenial companion ship, visited the city and wasjsoon a caller Upon tha^ intractable widow. After he thought sufficient advance meat had been made to justify • pro pedttlon^was fitted out, destined to be I posal he proceeded to feel his way. followel by many and greatly im-| "‘Beautiful home you have here.* proved solar institutions, securing ra^M suits of wonderful scientific accuracy and developing much valuable astro nomic material. Beveral eclipses of minor scientific importance were re corded between 1883 and 1899, but in the latter year two appeared. The first ushered in the new year and was visible from California to Manitoba. Tbe weather was favorable at all points along the line, and many photo graphs were made. Tbe second eclipse of tie year occurred In December aad was visible In South America. Oa more than one occasion In his tory there is a record of the special darkness which accompanies an eclipse, disclosing tbe presence of e comet, but the eollpee of 1882 was the first time ‘“Yes. 1 enjoy " ’ Fine outlook, fine trees, fine yard, very fine all around. But there ii thing lacking.’ " ‘Yes ?* “ ‘It is an Adamless Eden, don’t you know. You are so good in everything else that 1 should think you would be glad to share these blessings with husband.’ . , " ‘Are you proposing, sir ?’ " ’In an argumentative way. It yot*. can be convinced that you should have e husband, 1 should like to be the ba H ’Husband 1 1 smokes and drinks 1 _ l have a parrot that swears like a pirats, snd I have a cat that stays out all algbt What in theacupee 01 issz was tne ursi time cat tbat stays out all night Whs t^tjiwajatwa^fcota^^a^hftjh^^aaMaadwIlwaat with a hushaad •• *• a spirit of moderation, charity and justice as shell strengthen anew the loundallons of governmont end per petuate its blessings to our children. The two races ere here and must abide together. The deportation of eight or ten millions of blscks Is an impossibility. Prof. Dope, the dis tinguished naturalist of tbe University of Pennsylvania, a few years ago, after a dispassionate study of the differences between the white men and tbe negro, in which he clearly pointed out tbe In' ferlorlty of the negro, recommended that the negro, at whatever cost should" oe Ue por tod. Hts leer waa that th* ■wnewaw-lwW gamation and the consequent destruc tion of a large portion of the finest race upon earth. ' Necessity has compelled us to resort to election methods which we desire to abandon. Tbe results of the expen diture of millions on negro education bas been so unsatisfactory that some goocl people are advocating the aban donment of the systedl. The cost of trying negroes for crime is out of ell proportion to the cost of trying white men :, and as-aulla by negroes upon white women have brought us to lynch law. These questions we are here to discuss. Idleness among negroes Is undoubtedly growing and crime in creasing. -Prof. Willcox states facts showing idleness to a degree tbat is startling, and be gives census figures to show us that In the South the crimes of negroes, compared according *0 population with whites were, in 1890, as a little less than 5 to 1, and in the North considerably over 5 to 1. Govern ment statistics show that for 10 years, beginning with 1879, of births among tbe negroes of the District of Columbia 19.6 per cent, were iilegitimater, and that for the next period of 11 years, ending with 1899, tbe percentage of illegitimate births was 26.9. Crimes, however, In the district by the figures appear to be only a little over 2 to 1, according to population—which is de cidedly in favdV of the district. The situation becomes graver still when we cohsider the assault by a negro upon a white woman. Such -an alarming feature of the present situa tion was unknown when the negroes were slaves, and remained unknown until a new generation of negroes born in freedom, bad grown into manhood; and this after all our efforts to ele vate the negro by education. What does this mean? Two answers have been suggested; one, that these crimes roceedlroma spirit ofrevengd. Prof, illcox, who suggests this, says that such crimesTrequentiy resulted during the middle ages from hatred of the church. The other theory it, tbat these crimes indftate a tendency among these people, whose ancestors some of them a few generations ago were sav- agestto relapse into baroarlsm. He hoped public opinion would settle down on the Idea that we cannot stop crimes ngainst women by censing to eduento the negro. If the crime comes from the Isrtincte of the barbarian, wa cannot prevent it by ceaelag to edu j THE MAN WHO HBLP1CD HAMPTON I He Wae a ** Carpet Bagger," Bat Me Decided the Law In Favor of Hie Political Op ponents. Hon. A. J. Willard, formerly chief justice ot the supreme court of South Carolina, died suddenly of apoplexy on the 5th Inst, at his borne la Washing ton, D. G., In the 79th year of bis age. He wae born in Albany, N. Y. Mr. John 8. Reynolds, Of Columbia, has written the following sketch of Judge Willard, who wa* once an im portant and conspicuous factor la the affairs of South Carolina. Mr. Rey nolds has written from memory, but his statements are substantially cor rect : Judge Willard came to this State as lieutenant colonel of a regiment of United States colored troops. His command took part In the battle of Honey Hill, Nov. 30, 1864—one of the hottest and most remarkable fights In the War of Secession—aad wae then tioned by bis commanding general In his report. He came first Into general notice by his connection with n military commission in Charleston in -1866, which tried three oltiDns of Anderson district for the alleged murder of n United States soldier. Col. Willard was recorder of the commission, and his prosecution, whilst naturally harsh, was recognized as evldeacing much ability. The accused were convicted and sentenced to be banged. They were afterwards released under a writ of habeas corpus from tbe Federal court, and were never tried again. Judge Willard was elected to the bench of tbe State supreme court or ganized under the constitution of 1868 by the legislature that met here in tbe summer of that vear. F. 3. Motes, Sr., was elected chief justice and B. L. Hoge the other associate Moses was (or some months under political dis abilities, so tbat tbe court le that pe rlod consisted of Willard and Hoge The latter was so far unfit for the post that he never wrote a single opinion. The work of the oourt thus fell almost entirely upon Justice Willard Judge Willard came most prominent ly Into public notion la the oooteel for the posbesslon of the State government following tbe election of November 7, 1876. That contest, In its different K ases. waa promptly takea by tbe mocretic leaders Into tbe supreme oourt. Tbe casu moet Important in Its ooosiquenoes was the State ex rel. Wallace vs. Hay no, secretary of State, and E. W. M. Mackey. Oa the face of tbe returns the Democrats bad a 1 jority of the 124 members making up tbe houee of representatives. But tne State board of canvassers (composed of Republican office-holders) wltbheU certificates from the mem hers-elect from Laurens and Edgefield—thus giv ing the Republicans n majority of the members bolding certificates. Tbe Republicans organized with I’l.W. M Mackey as speaker, but with lees than a majority of 124 members. Tbe Democrats organised with Wm H Wallace as speaker, having a majority of the 124, members from Edgefield aad Laurens count#J. riayne, secretary of state, had delivered to Mackey tbe re turns of tbe vote for governor, to be aggregated and declared la joint •Ion of the general aaaembly. Tbe pro ceedings In the supreme oourt were upon nn application for a writ of mandamus to compel Uayne and Mackey to deliver to Speaker Wallace tbe returns mentioned. The case, on the main issue, went off on n question raised by tbe oourt, and was never afterwards presented for adjudication But tha court nevertheless decider! that the Wallace house was the lawfu house of representatives of South Caro line.# Tbat decision practically de termined tbe contest of the white peo ple under Wade Hamptoe for tbe Whether ta all tribaaahi of' quest!oas except A Stranue Story.—Howard A. Savllle, who dlssfpprsred from Glou cester, Mass., sixteen years ago and who is now notified thst n fortune of $20,000 awaits him In his native State, has been located In Kansas City. Since his departure from^Gloucester his wife collected his Insurance and remarried, and he has taken another wife, menting on his strange story, he sal " I left Gloucester sixteen years ago and went to Cincinnati, where a severe operation was performed upon me for cancer. I then went to Arkan sas For eleven years I was postmaster at Simpson, Ark., in Bradley county. I have been in Rogers only about two years and I am in businets there.' 1 suppose that the operation started the report that I was dead. A* to my firsi wife's affairs I am wholly ignorant, ns I cut loose entirely when 1 left line •nchusette and have never bad any communication with her since. 1 did not even know that she was alive am going back there.” —An interesting fact in connection with the new overland train which tbe Burlington is about to put into service between St. Louis and Puget sound, by way of Billings, Mont., is tbat for nearly tbe entire dletanoe of 2,500 miles it will run through country ncquirecLby tbe United States at the time of tee Louisiana purchase of 1804 When Napoleon Bonaparte, on behalf of France, sold tbe territory to us for about 2+ cents nn acre, be little dreamed, in bis endeavor to annoy England, what a magnificent empire be was practically giving away. orffM vs. at te The two arise oaths records ooncl the variance with of the relations of to that below, or f| the opialoa la mpress Us bar is general main pro position whloh in embodied. So much was this the that one of the South Carolina, in 1879, that he himself aad, _ leved, the bar in general, up to tbe. decision la Kail road, published ia that the law wae other than ik this latter case declared, decisions were to Ahe mb effect—that in oases s$law of fact were not rstiewable by the supreme court. The dlffereaor was that the opialoa n Brlckmao’s case wae written by Chief Justice Moees, a master of dear, strong judicial English, whilst Judge Willard’s style was involved, meta physical aad so ms times obeeere. Bat the best tribute to Jadga Willard la thnt in a time when corruption was widespread, when dishonesty was at a premium, when official misooadaet was profitable, ha kept hU ermiae pure. A Trust Forcbdto Rbddce Prices. —One of the best prospects of relief from the extortion of trusts is that in their greed they will overdo the thing and bring retribution upon themselves by their own action. When they be come sure of their absolute control of an artlc'e they ere apt to ooant an en ormous profit and by advertising this prospect they snooeed in ■elllag vest quantities of watered stock, tbe pro ceeds of which ere pocketed by the originators of tbe trust. Beeidee over capitalizing the trust often pushes the price of Its product up and up until It reaches a point at which evea the power of a trait cannot botff it. The trust finds (hat the demand for its output ceaeae, its stock oa hand la- rapidly and at last accumulates to such an extent that a reduction of price* becomes necessary The Steel ead Wire trust has r. cently given an illustration la point. The Iron Age aeys: "If two weeks ago tbe best 1aformed members of the Iron end steel trades hi thoroughly canvassed for aa exf •loo of opialoa e* to the breach hlch e severe break In prloee waa (host likely to occur, tbe chances are tbat but a small minority would have designated wire." Tbe trust had Iliad its prloee so high * - ~ o do ■ 1pres- cb la that people ceased to buy. It bed to 1 imett leg to get ride of per t of lie < oua surplus product. First It closed a number of Its mills, nod than it made e heavy reduction of prloee. Wire anils have beea ent fil a keg. barbed wire 1 oent e pound, soamaled wire 90 coats per 100 pounds. Tuk Homestead Law.—Tha Howes of Representatives hen passed without division tbo " free home'* bill, which had beea pending before Coagireee for e number of years. Tbe Mil provides that the govereaseel shall issue pa teats to actual bona fids settlers on agrlcal loral leads of Indian reservations opened to settlement, were takea up by settlers who tree ted to pay from $1,86 to 13,76 per acre. By the terms of the Mil the govern meet assumes the payment of the purchase prloee to the I ad leas, and changes the existing law relative to acrloelturel colleges, so as to ensure tbs payment of endow moots which heretofore have ooms out of the dale of public leads, la oase of defleleacy. These pay meets involve $1,200,000 an nually. Of the 29,990,000 eeros la In dian reservations opened to settlement, for whloh the government le to pay or 090,000, about 8,000,000 i v if it in prompted by revkage, we 11891 —Senator Jones of Nevada is strong believer in a diet which he has -himself devised. Hle breakfast never varies. It Is always eaten at 8 o’clock, and invariably consist* of only one cup of hlaok coffee nod a large piece of cin namon bun. —The mines ia Colorado are said to havo produced |75,000,000 ia gold siaoe tain and hts follower! There can be little doubt thnt Judi Willard deserved chief credit fort stand taken by ^he supreme oourt in this case. Moses' was oompulsable and Wright was purchasable. A decision contrary to precedent would not have been dl fficult to either. During tbe ar gument Willard’s purpose was maul- ested by his frequent interruptions of the counsel for Hnyne and Mackey. Tbe propositions thus advanced (not disputed by Moses or Wright) under- ay the judgment rendered. There can be little doubt thnt one of Willard’s objectmwas to hold Moses and Wright to their acquiescence and leave them no excuse to dodge or to recede. The decision of the court was only such as it should have been. But an opposite conclusion would have bad tbe sanction of lawyers like Chamberlain ai>d Cor bin of this State, Judge Settle of North. Carolina and numerous legal lights of tepublican proclivities In Washington. At all events an’adver|e.declsion would have brought no end bf trouble upon tbe Hampton side In South Carolim Such a decision would have been worth much to Willard, had be chosen to ask a price fer it. But be decided accord lag tp law. In the summer of 1877 Judge Willard was blected chief justice to fill the va- nancy caused by the death of Judge Moses—his elevation due largely to the known wishes of Gov. Hampton, evl dently shared by a large body of the white people of the State. Filling tbe unexplred term >f Moses, Chief Justice Willard remained on the bench till July, 1880 Judge Willard was no educated law ! er ambitious only of success and pre erment in bis profession. His opinions in important cates evidenced careful" ■eparatlon and laborious research, any of his citations were such as to •bow that he bad fully read every cnee cited. His style was not clear—a fact probably due to bis love of fine distinc tions. nls opinions need to be studied, rather than read, in order to an appre hension of all t^e points made. Bin style lacked (he clearness which mark- *d tbe opinions of Monen. An Illustra tion of this difference may be bed by e comparison of two decision* invoiv- nbie for agricultural purposes. A re markable thing In connection with the passage of the bill was a speech ia favor of it by Ualnsba A. Grow, of Penn- •ylvania, the venerable sx-Speaker of the Honse who, fortv-eight years ago, fathered and passeu the original home stead bill. He was then the youngest end is now the oldest member of the Honse. A Freak or Natuke.—The bird mountain, four miles* soath of town, is to us the strangest thing la this whole mountain country, says the Heyneevllle, N. C., Courier. Tbe mountain Is full of largo, rough cliffs, and by its peculiar shape ead position serves oe a weather signal to the peo ple for miles around, baoaaka per fectly still and not a oload la sight, yet the mountain may begin to roar jaad you may know that by tbe next morn ing tbe bad weather will be oa head. Though (be mountain is four miles away, the roaring sounds like tbat made by a loaded freight train half a mile distant, and it is n continuous sound, too, with no intermission. The strang est part of R all is as the general say- vlng is, " whaa old Bhewblrd begins to roar yon may prepare for rough weather." It generally commences about dark aad ooetiaues to roar until the rain or snow comes, which max ba five hours or it may be ten. .At dark the air may be tbat the wind can be Mowing at |uob a terrific rate oa that C rtiouler mountain nod not be Mow- j anywhere else in tbe country, not even on the tope of other mountains around, even those that are much higher than the Sbewblrd. OUR GRKATBST HPBCIAL18T. For 91 years Dr. J. Newton Hathaway has so successfully treated chronic diseas es that he is acknowlsdged today to stand at tbs hsad of his profession In this line. His exclusive method of treatment for Vsaioooele and Strietare, without tne aid of knife or caatory euros in 90per osnU of leg practically tbe same question. The first reported decision of the new oourt—State vs. Bailey—Embodied | proposition without iurisdlctioa •ions of feet ia low was written *5*1 4 v us*’: A