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fc$p^|F *r - VOL XXII FARMING ON A I/ARGF SCALE- HOW BIG Pitot-MS ARK MADE. The. HecipU »ml KxprmUturCH of Im ineime Corn mul V\ heat Parma in Iowa and Dakotai The (ollowing *ptc'.a! article was prepared by Mr. spearman for the Review of Reviews : We know what, thu t^ur jada did last {- year; we know what me merchants did. In a year, then, like 1896, when records in somao^ ai nuoi.es of Ameri can industry were amaoned, what did the American farmer do? Balance sheets are tifi .applly scarce among ‘armors ;• toe low which are ta ken are hard to get at; for these rea sons the ode here p-csented—is of special interest.„ it is not from a papet farm ; it is not a paper balance ; nor is it a paper farmer wdo makes thisshow-, ' ing. It is what no American review has ever before presented .to its readers— an actual glimpse at i!ie boons and workings of a-niouet American farm. This 'farm, located in the State o! Iowa, contains 6,U00 acres and its business is to produce corn. . , Look first at vhuiavestinentand note that' the land was not nought at an early day lor a song, out witnic three years and at the market price. INVESTMENT-IOWA'€ORN FARM. Land—6.000 acres at *30 an seeders, four-foot harrows, and si*- horse gang--plows maneuver for - six weeks like an army,sowing small grain, plowing and planting corn. The min ute the small grain is sown. 31 corn planters are thrown behind the plows, and in this work lies largely the suc cess or failure of the crop. Note, for instance, the pains taken in selecting the seed corn. A perfect stand of corn is the first requisite of a large yield. From a choice piece of land previously planted with selected seed about 2,000 bushels of the finest ears are taicen- From these an expert selects 600 [.bushels. acre. Buildings . Stock aebinery t ! .$180,000 00 . 43,021 64 . H.TOl 31 . 17,776*98 Total $253,499 83 Tte operation ol luio ii»i m _ for 1893 shows a net profit ol over #50,0007 Put ting out of the comparisou paleuts .>hd good will,.(.either of which contributed to this result, what other line of busi ness on an equal capitalization tau jm*ke BARNWELL,SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY, MARCH 10,1890. to advantage from a single central sta- While the element of foreign birth tlon ; a larger acreage simply means and of foreign descent which has done two dr more farihs. 'iso much to develop the Northwest ia. About April 1 men and mu es move 1 admirable, it will still be a gratificationi on the fields in Dattaiions". Four-horse ; to learn that this successful farmer is house. Whatever the thermometer registers in Iowa, the temperature in that seod house never tails below freez ing. All this insures the highest ger minating power in the seed, and that alone might, in the case o.f a cyld, wet spring, save- the entire profit of the season by producing a good stand. Tbo planting'must of. necessity be done by machinery, and to secure the maximum yield three seed kernels must be dropped in 'each hill, if five drop in that hill L lost to the profit ac count. if only one it is partially lost. But perfect' as American farm ma chinery is, it does not leave the factory perfect enough 10 insure against irreg ular planting. Patiently and by a se nes of exhaustive teste the planter plates are so aujusled to thesize-oi the n.-ed kernels' for each year that they .vill deposit an average of sixty-five kernels 10every twenty hills, and not more than four nor less than two Id any oue. ad great-are the precautions ihat before the seed is shelled the tips and hulls of the seed ears are cut ott These ears are placed ( building arranged especially for a seed'jand energy putTnto manufacturing anil not of that element, but that he is purely and distinctly American He eomes from the atraightest New Eng land stock and bears the .name of one of its most famous families. His an cestral kindled were among the mold- ers of the Republic and represented their country at the courts of England, Russia and France ; sat in presidential cabinets, in Congress, and mouc than once in the white house. .The record almost spells the name. Less than 40 years of age, he never saw a day’s work on a farm untJ he, bought-dne after he was 21, His suc cess rather indicates that there still are farmers born^aixi„Ui&i..tLe..caps-tai merchandising, if applied today to farming, will yield equally, good re turns. MR. AND MRS. BILL ARP. THEIR GOLDEN WEDDING y.f Humorist Tells Abrnir uul the Beautiful EXPENSE ACCOUNT OF THE IOWA FARM FOR THE YEAR 1*98 Labor House supplies. Beef...' Taxes , Sundries. Freight... v ... Twine. 7. Hay Insurance OH Repairs Legal expensj.. Fuel'..TT-v... .•.*.. ..#13 9i2 96 ... 4,368 61 .... 1 284 lu .. . I 0.3 06 .. i 7u0 00 ... 500 09 ... 437 25 .; *Ly 19 7. 3.10 oo .... loy u3 ... 113 80 40 05 . 7 30 Total $33,7 Less credit by Uicc^uui, #106 00 Low road tax........ 1. 43 26. >4 04 Net expense of theTowa farm for the tweivo moatas. 1898 #23,644 84 GROSS RETURNS FROM THE IOWA CORN FARM. 215,OoO bushels of corn a*. 30. cents......... .....•< .,.$64,500 00 20,000 bushels ol wheat at 50 cents rrrr... 10,000 00 28,000 Ousheis o-.a reser ved for feed Total Deduct the expenses. $74 500 00 23,644 78 ' Net profit . . .......... $50,944 73 A particularly -valuable comparison of the expense ditl jrence between run ning a corn farm and a , w heat farm of - '(.. equal size is afforded by the fact that the owner of the Iowa corn farm also owns and operates a e x thousand acre wheat farm in the red river valley of North Dakota. THE DAKOTA WHEAT FARM EXPENSE ACCOUNT. Labor $12,632 36 House supplies.;..... . .v.i. . L713/ 34 Taxes. , 1202 90 Repairs 1,084 78 Machines..... — . 4.062 00 Twine. 7 987 25 Fuel 495 00 —Beef ... .... 462 80 Sundries 639 10 ^Personal .,.2..., 354 38 Freight....! 206 09 V Oil. 135 83 Seed : 83 81 Hay.... r.. 23 50 I he Great Loving Greetings Presents. The celebration of our golden wedding Is over and my good wife and I are still marching to the end of the,jour- ney. The fiftieth - anniversary of ou.- wedded life brought no change and.di.i not for a tpomenl stop th£ ticking of the marble clock upoit the mantle. I he days and the wceks.aud the moqtlis- are still erming this way. We did not cross the Ruhlcon nor tue Jordan nor theEtyx, but only set up^anptber mile stone and marked It fiit). Now we are on the iast'quarter streten nearing the goai. kud if it was left to u& wc would mak3 uneven race. Uirth and Net expensi $2u,998 63 GROSS RETURNS FROM JTHE DAKOTA WHEAT FARM. Credits by wheat shipments. .$40,0503 Less expense ih 20,998 j63 Net profits in 1898 I. .$^9,051 37 For the wheat farm 1898 was ah ave- rage year,“The yield being 18 busheTs r acre and the price an average price, t has produced, for its owner seven teen successive crops, one of which alone netted him $72,000. The two expense accounts show cu rious differences. “Tn Towa men ai& hired for the entire crop season of eight months at $18 and board per month. In Dakota they are hired for the actual see^Hpg In the spring and the harvesting in the fall at frpta$L50 to $3 per day. -In tne end the labor, or money-wage account, is about the same thing, as will be seen ; but the house supply account is much heavier on the corn farm. On the corn farm the item of repairs was nominal, the plant under present ownership being rew, while the items of repairs and machines on the wheat farm represent the average annual ex penditure for replacing and keep ing up the‘machinery. Twine is natu rally the larger item on the wheat farm. The Ibwa farm supplies its own fuel. On the Dakota farm coal is re quired. ^ Here, to<*, note that the corn farm is f ilanted wUh 600 bushels of corn, cost- ng $180, while to seed too wheat farm T6Qllir£B H 000 Outitldb-O/ W fatjtfct, In 1898, Us'ooO.^Again in Dakota five hundred acres of oats barely feeds the 100 heads of mules, whJXe. in Iowa 250 acres of horn feeds the same number . easily. These differences, together with the seed difference and the twine difference, sometimes handicap the profit account of the wheat farm $10,- 006 a year to start with. HOW IT WAS DONE. The essentials of a proiltable farm are good land, well drained, but not too rolling, and accessibility to reasonable transportation. Six thousand acres being about three miles square, makes the largest farm which can be ope rated Even al-er-luis delicate adjustment jf the be t maor.inery in the world, lorenicD Ijllow the 31 pianter& and at inlet vais open hubs lu count the need ieposlte and make sure that each ma- ihine'if doing its work.. In audition a purso wf $100 is split Ip eight pntis be" -ween tbe eight nun who do luu beat work aud whose, teams mark tbe slraighlcet rows. With sueu method 's it any wunder that tliu crop on this 1 arm average! $0 DusUeia per kete," against the average of 32 bushels as ^ivcu Iowa by toe -govorumect report 'er 1893? Ai_ttLJ.be seeding, the harrowing; ucd.it is uone with extraordinary en- i rgy ami concentration.. One hundred anu orty seetlor.o of four-loot harrow's .-.weep the fieitts ' like a eba r ge of cav airy, ^very tim& they move a mite to gether 62 acres Are covered^ W aen the 3,800 acres irf "corn are up and toady 76 iwo-horse cultivators arc- put into it. The point in the li.dsl cu> tivation one way apd in the si cunuthe second the other way,’ is to get as close as possible to tue corn ; but after the’ pains 10 place it there no plant must be leit covered b, a clod of earth. . Toe fi.ld hand must uncover r, and a fore man on horseback bahir.-7each twenty men is i elu r.spohsibie for bis crew’s work. In ih thied <and final cu.tiva tion tbe carta is th own up against the plant, the siu til w^.ds in the hill being snotbercU in and the iaigeones being pulled by hand. It will be of in ert-sl to merchants and tbeoljgjcal profes sors to learb that it is not the weed in the row, but me one in the bill, that marsHhc beauty of the balance sheet. The corn being now three feet high, -he-slalks prevent further cultivation. Into this field, approximating one mile iu width uncj six miles in length, are sunt in October 75 wagons and men for for the husking. 1 his .takes fib days, ami a row of vnh» 16 feet.'»idA»nd 16 ;6et higa,Tifialf a mUe long,, rtro re quired to hold the' crop. In harvesting tbo small grain it Is .hrtcbed/directly from the suoek^ sav- ing the Cost of stacking and rehand ling. ^levators provide -rgainst heat ing. A further saving'' of 5 to U per cent./hver the operations of the small [uruier Js e Hected 4D"»ar4vpieg te-termi- eial points instead of selling to local grain buyers. Future options may also c# sold against the giow.ug crop on market bulges at a season When tue mail farm* r could uot ordinarily de ver His cre,o. rue soil is aept in a high state of fertility by a rotation of crops so ar ranged that each piece of land bears ee crops of corn, next of wheat, in hie events in this life, the most png caul with fate and destiny, of happi ness or m sery, and it becomes us to pause occasionally and ponder them, if we can do this with teronity ai.el gratitude it is wodi, for tht 1 ! c is no com fort in melancholy. And so wo were made happy on our wedding day, and are'happy yet a- wo recall the kind loving ^ rcetifigs/ of cbtidren and kindred" anu friaueL.— A 'shtrfcrrf-^dmr?s cnm 1 Tir r ip (M a<s;i~ as wo thought of the r .iseir.g on . tht ypuiTgest boy. afar off in Me xico, but b will come some <*f tuese sHiomec davsr given ur -everytblog that came to her except the children She claims all of them and still specks' of them as “ My children—my boys and my girls.'’ Evan Howell, my old iriend, came to our wedding and brought his good wife with him. You see I was at his father’s weeding long before be was born and I wanted him Here : but when he waT called upon to rcspoEd'to Judge Akin’s beautiful-speech, I thought he went a little out of his way to .say that every man was made oetter by his wifi‘ and that he hr.dTeasbn to believe Chat bis friend. Bill Asp, was imkihtcdto ,Mrs, Arp.for lus fame and pame and good repute—that she was tbe power .behind the thrope—the guiding star— the pilot at tiie helmy-the inspiration and. ail that -or; of Ihiog. My wif was standing meekly py’ my -id’o and hv ard i.t all, and itsecUKd 4o-4»tf the straightened up a little and teemed taller,as he.spoke; H contlnu id on that line unjil 1 began to feel like I was U'ltblog but an old ship that my wife was steering through the break- ere. I saw that h i s TV in a r tftT wc eev e Fy* gratetul to . Mrs. Howfell, for she' stretched up aflltiie, tOo, and ds l look- ed°arouni upon the matrons they wore, all stretching up, and u.y fear 1s t a y will stay so. I d n’t think T wnl invito Evan to oUr next wedding ' , And now corn s the aftermath—tH« second reaping of tins harvest of love. We inii't anewv r all these'kind letters. JkCjI .SC-taqst-tfXaiikl t-tui demurs log al'• these bcautifnl g fig It will take time, but.I.t mm be a labor of love. Many of the 1< tl-rs are in verse, and what is remarkabie, most of tue per art are-from our ag- d friends. Ju*-t. tak-' note Of this from Dr. Alexander,-ihc v te -an pbysD.iao of. Atlanta. Wnb vould" have thought’ jhat he wpuld bifVe turned bard' in his seventy lift’*' year? He; sent mu a beautiful ca«7. ii’-l the following verses, wera wraaped around it May the. good Lord .-lead 't~ which clover is sown, next one of clo ver plowed under ; then follow again the three cropijof coru.. _ ^— The clover is simply a fertilizer, a portion of the first crop being cut for hky, aud the remainder ploweu under to maintain the ^vitality of the soil Tbe large routs act as a subsoiler and the decomposing vegetable matter re stores the nitrogen taken by the grain In order that the maximum amount of field work may be obtained, no ’•chores ' are required of the men other than the cleaning of - their teams. These are fed, beaded, and tbe barns cleaned by barn men. Tbe results on this farm ere therefore secured by painstaking care and thorough me thuds. • ' . , -r- The question Is often asked, what does it cost to produce a bushel of corn On tj^is farm, the size of 35 ordinary farms, with a 60-tushel crop the cost was 9 cents per bushel to the crib For sbeiHng, shipping and commissions W cents in alt. It is evi'.ent, however, that had thie farm been divided into 35 farms, with 35 cooks ana 35 families, 35 door- yards and waste lands, tue expense of raising a bushel of com would have been nearer 16 to 18 cents; In any event the cist varies from year to year with tbe yield. The only fixed estimate which the farmer can give is’the cost per acre for producing tbe crop. This remains always practi cally tho same and is, roughly speak ing, $4.50 for small grain and $5 for corn. • w - The 1898 acreage of tbe corn farm was approximately as shown in the fol lowing brief table : Corn . 3.760 Wheat ^VTSOO Oats tooI It >ads and trees..'.7 ... — ■ ! ‘400 Some interest naturally attaches to the man behind the gun—the man who, in this instance, has demonstrated that polhiog pays~ better than aoi brings his'sunshine witjj h:m.\ always brings it-and b.<* a ays s -'iji in his Idlers. Tcefe is no pjtter s of a buy tbau for biin to '.vihu. ha jf te h and reg u i a r i y, a u d CarTUu.ua Uiat Mr. Craig, of Maebo, sepi OS by /ex press prepa d a pretty iiyt-' doubly seat for the verandah or/the -dix^n. an wrote, “1 made thYs -w^th my (•.a; hands fory.ur golacp 'Wooding. -My wife aud I wan ed to show imr Iuv« loT your son Ctrl w b# Jvkj> gi. d 'a d kii to our dear boy whiA lie, was sivk in Mexico.—(_hir boy camV borur bi d d f 1 but we have pot forgimn C^v], Go , bless him.^/ Wf.ai aco.n\)i'Cvi»a p . out are tho/U-Uers from' trv’ cuililr,n Wnat ylimfort are good, kinU leil-ts from friends know* ap;i unknown and- we have baa them by tile hun reu during the past two weeks, and t- le- grauis, too, from Naf A ork to Texas— and Irom the islands of 'our..new domain. We .were amuz dJL ov. r- whelmed and wondered what we .hao done to provoke such- interest in our. home affairs. And then the pros* ‘‘ar Showered its benedictions so lavishly that I .was constrained to whisp< r when will this thing stop—where wi'll this biyd light. We are prbud of all- tbis, bnVyiot vain and we aru more gratified 1 than proud, but the query i- still with us, “ What have wo uone anu is not this all a dream ? ’- And then tliere are the beautituT gifts and souvenirs that keplon comine trom Jriends near home and frir-oa~4 v yy.^--j-r 1 abroad. They crowded our tables anu adorned-the walls. These golden ents gladdened our golden fft*ed the golden we'd,ding-8ri ^R’xu- priately, and the flowers diil, t.*— beautiful flowers from Brooklyn uina Atlanta and Rome aud Mobile and Marietta and all. lau> n with pretty sentiments aud som j with the ever liv- ling lines from Mrs Heiimus : “ bring flowers, fresh flowers, for the bride to wear ; They were ^orn- to blush in her shining I n’ever c;i i foroet it--addueva>«, tiihe destroys— - The dear old nme in youth's sweet . prinif. When * Hill 1 and I werc boys. ^ It is the one bright ineili'iry no earthly dross alloys, ■ »*' For sweet bells chime of that dear time When ‘ Hill and 1 were bo)si " 1 kas d+ere’when '■ Hill ’ was married, in tin; pieaainu T irTnyay,— r—- Tothe fair-aod noble woman Wl om he weds again today. Hi' olden murnage tune it is. 'h.tiine For they When lio e eadi HtH- and oilier better Uian I wrrtr wnTw* • ■ Well, here's a-gryaliiK to t, ■ H Ami hles'tny-djriwsiaiiHne. *■ — Ami h(Vft junlyuyli'jure.vtw L_ 4 To yuiir jewel o| A.wih' I To meypa.re both g incmord.' ,. No;earUii; •di ■ , • rh ink'(iod we’re stitllnsdiappy as \t fTeii ■ Hill ’ and 1 were bov-s I Tills came from Mrs. Ward, of Bir mingham, a ‘dear old family friend, who was a school, girt in pantalettes when wo moved to Romo in 51 She, tpo, had to floe from the foql’lnvader in:’64. .the same night my children did, and .when the together i tell ^you they Yankee fur lly and the Yan to burn,1f ears do “burn w who wear them are talked a you ever try to drive an old a brood of right young chicbe ttoel 'garden. WoM* that s thesatww-uiotbers flsd and d raised their feathers, and around'ail over the country t vain to find gome place where tkie foul invader could not come. Hut ipl that pass. After flTty years let all sail me mories be smothered, aud all-rvoSent - ment buried. We have many _dea ! frie nds among those Yankees anil on this glad event they bave all been kind, very kind. Thu lawyers tell us of a statute of limitations which is eaUdd a statute o! repose, and which quitts title to Und and cuts off punish describe those who declared In 1896 that your election to the presidency on the Chicago platform “ would en danger the nation's welfare,” as " the Republican allies who masquerade as Democrats between campaigns in order to give more potency to their betrayal of DemocraticXprinciples on election day.” :—. Sir. Belmont then goes on to say that before answering "the unwar ranted letter ” he had instituted a suit against a New York newspaper on account of an alleged libel, in which he was Characterized as "a higher priced man than the floater who sells his votes for $2 on election day,” and continues : "Your purpose to be. equally defama tory Is obvious. Your skill in the use of words fori ids the plea that in your letter you misused them through Igno rance. The design is plain, and were it not that you havu interwoven in y mr'..abuse reference to my opinions upon public question* as opposed to your own, to the Democratic olub of which I am president, and to its pro- erlme. The Jews mdde a’-posed celebration of Jefferson’s birth- wife and two get ake the ees’ eiy;s h Those u.. Did en with s but qf h 1 } way ged and pranced lying lu* ihe jubileeW every fiftieth year, and pro claimed,Liberty throughout the land aud caodeiled all debts aud gave tbe Tand and'the cattle rest. ^Ani so'nqw let us have rest and peace both in body and ih mind. That is- ail very sweet and very pretty,' says my wife, but we must work on. She made up, her bed this morning as u-ual. and is now sow ing new buttons on mya'd vest Hut I enn’t help seeing the new rfrfgson her lingers and the golden -hair pin that Major McCollum gave her in her hair. As for me, 1 have my orders, ior t*. has long been r y habit, when i get a new suit of clothes, to keep them op as .Ioug as she will let me, arid some times when she is. not watching. I work in th- m. Already she has put my wedding suit away, and I will not get- it agatu until Sunday morning. Tne — -between how and then, between the past and tbe present. 1 am strtTtb boy. She wants me to bring in some ioat-right now. There is no sign of rest for me In this ifur year of jubilee. Hill A up. THE BRYAN-^ELMONT FIGHT A SPICY COHRI18PQN DENOK» 'lain and Bo ill Mid Teisonlap iloq. I’ irr- tiair. Yes, all is fir the. bride. 'She lets me look at the beautiful things and even to handle them, but they are aU- hera exu-o/ Lie golden UeaJtd pauc and the French cicfck that ray dear old- college mate, Jrrn Warren, sent me. And she has given me one of ti.e goitt- fountain pens-acd a pair of the cj|T buttons and tiie new Tangled carving fork that l thought was curling tmrgw lor my scattered hair. It seems to m that I am a little humbler than l wa before the wedding, forshe claims a!! the -pretty • things, from the massive cold ladle of Mrs. Akin and the. beauti ful gpiden’cnatices of Tho Guortliuli^n and the lovely spoon 'sbs* l »'ree of Tht Home and Farm anti the gold mmioted •ufii-jrella from Kat as (jitj,*dowu * ■ the golden -b,>okma: a and the gql leu toothpicks. There are scores of otOv r beautiful things in glass and,gold, an-! they are all hers. 1 am no longer .th- eashier-of this bank, for tbe bricL i«as put away the golden cojp^j,hough sh* says she only wants to kcejTTt a while and will then give it t-ack to me. 1 rctnemb'-r when my father got a pen sion of $700 fora poor old man who owed him $90 and had owed it for years. Father counted out.the told and gave it to him, ihicktjg that pi coursi ho would pay the de A,’ but he wrapped it up can-fu iy and put i away down in his pocket and stip-ted for his fiorse, who was iiite-iit d to the rack near by. As*ho—was anont to get up father said to tnria^>Mr, .lepklnv; 1 thought you tuIu^Rie you wee.. ^ La., me when you got Jour pension ?" ’W7i’, I did, Asa,”'«aid he, "..r.-lim giin-- to do it tomorrow shore,,. I jast wal tp lakh it all home tttvd let the old Xu man it, an an ' Y la need iH« (I tan l-'rir lu.ve s your staff anfi guide, An3 love Ladled Vuu i t e thus lar, _ lUli ItpT- i» by vour S«le : * Hutflake sins siafi; old cm-rade, vVitb your golden wedding joys— And lean upon it fur those days' When ‘ Hill' and, I were buys! , ‘ • ‘ JaVKS Ai.kXA.VUKU. ' March 7, I'd j, " Oh, the ch-ar mcmoriis that thee' ines' crowded on me—the branchc worre we ti-died ,for riKniiiiwo- and' perch and horny heads, ■ Tie shoaiy creek where, we seined and the mill p.ji.d wuere vie jumpeiTfrotn thespring- •Krird -amf'-tbo water seemed a utile deep, and the 'trees we oiimOed for chestnuts tbat sermed a '^die high What a tine coon dog was Rover, *nd w-hat a good rub art dog waa Tag. ^Hjt die lung red bills hisve shrunk and the min pond is ' but a iiu c po d and the trees have b^tHTCut down aniHiie. dog* we fauPH j’wirh a-e d adr.; A.a-! how cru* i i- t tht. And hdre before me are some tender pes from old Colonel Gibbons, who el -'nxi. Tuu J r"pi5Xs7"y ears. -- l ie addw.. ot i r verse tQ—iJobd Andersbu,' My Jo.’ Sj tux'B my dear old pm turr Judg Hranifam, anvTIilV says that Dr, DceiUs wrote it. And an old lady fcbm 'vVashiaglou, D. C.,'t :;us still another vers - and saysR was critteh by. a in*h n Ohio. H-'i'e are ttiroe dili rent ad oit.ion; tip the poem and' ail are beadtl ful. And Eori/are sl-vora ffovlng ver sus Jro n our cherished fro nu, Ga[)tain- Calhoun, whoTs no [i ing /.rdbr.bard, but i old 'enough Up v.-.ite poetry, i’uer.. is a man who a -vaxs-brings »uu shine. His li'o' is a struggle and a strair'. put-1 liko Uid c m ot Alknotnok, h'e oevgr' coiapuioa.'* - -Thui there .1' the double hearted' gem h .ulOux . .ktu •.. feu-nit, .•-'Duan Hrin , i .»grt p.T. ; i stratioris Notijing prettier or more appropriate ”wa.- t ver aj^tycn or designed. ii-,is Doth a p* et agjan artist, ana the- ge* is to be eneat* d tff a golden frame* ano placed upon the gohir-n papered waii.- Ao-J dear, good Giiarh y Liu bn r never forgets or u. gVoia'to write the right tiling in the right Way ana at the rjgnt time. And then thejrt! wen. the golttea wedding's gokieiLbeils that w«Jie rung |a sweet musfe hji Gyhti- , and Mis Roy M^son, of lUubJifocd,-Yt,-.. Hc» - dc s aTr-tm-i--- -thy-irr •t'l-rr-drratrt:' ful. y>r’>sC p./ ilis fly IJuclci Jf-liiiis, Frank Sta iiou, Wallace- Roed and Frank Richardson, and Mr. KudU, of Tne U mie and Farm, and Mr. Ernsteiji. of The New York Ibe-*; anu Alba*.! Si aw. of Tne Rjvie-x.of R yfess, that have been i !»•■ d careful,y amodgtwir giddun vveddii.,; treasures. Whatshaii Ve render to o^y fri n ail thetr bahtfit- ar.d reuedmHdns. .Why/ here . a massive'ng ring ir.aj Dr. H oIiaiu, th^-ofuuet * , i nob.i.rt U uiiad nt to n-;. vifa-ip be piac-d brr ,v ^ T inphaiic Langiiutce on tiie .Meaning of'«fef- Deinncracy. - Belmont, president of tbe Democratic club-in New York, who v h against the Democratic pTaTIorm aid no pitMoy in 1896. rerf-nt iy sjKut an Invftation to Hon. VY. J. H-rya.i, dated Now York, March 9th, as T7.huws : ' * ’ ; , 1 din arranging t H e toiSt-F and ihUJU - i.'. t ig banqiinT of th i D;ino-. i rath: club on Jefferson’* birthday, April. 13. Uni committee are most de-. siriwis, if your engagements will per mit y our attendance, to l ave you select' such subj -etas you prefer to discuss In your own wav 'wjthl.i the limit set for '■hf"* of 20 minutes. Please can lAisuJv t**.<ui yr • cm'-x ao took at it and feel of it an^Cuutit here, baoging on tL^.. id we would sleep wilh/fV-ix t a! ho lutifui u .oBam, tne of them .wTT i by ip<s'Upon rc*e a- d the promise- ilruidt years ago.. And h&r IS aujyV'rer'T oir dear goOc frtcDdT.Io^Hrt; v ,._s^i(i it ’is-ryqui’-tlV'-ty-r ; tf-Vtur G i.! > IL.-ai k and h > • tter day, 1 should have left your offensive statements unanswered. “ The Democratic ciuixof New Ydrk has a membership of nearly 3,060 Democrats, who all hol’d to the main principles of Democracy, while their opinions may vary in regard to such political-qut »lions as are not funda mental, but merely local : or transitory, like many of the vain conceits you have yuirFsTll espoused. But none of those 3,006 members is a R.-publidanf-, As for myself, I -have never voted (or a R-pUblican candidate, ei.ther for a great or small office. “ The board of governors and the president of so large a Democratic or ganization endeavored to represent officially tbe wishes of the majority, which was that the coming anniver sary of the binti.day of Jefferson gfrrdwMJT- rj i n, “ L * T«t r~i>r*afr N* ifVannfj. - The ' 1 organ as i* previous years. To next period of inmimrity wa* compara- rcail those prlnctptcs and traditions lively brief, viz, seven- years, or to De. ember, 1894. Within two months of the last named date, a seooad dis astrous freeze occurred and there have been a number of dangerously low temperatures since. “ The impression that the climate is changing is partly due to the fact that in recent times an account of every severe .Tost and freeze that occurs in the South is sect broadcast to all parte of the country, whereas, during earlier times no record was preserved except of the very severe freezes. This very lack of information respecting the earlier minor freezes prevents us m a measure from asserting in a more posi tive manner a rale of climate that ap pears to be common to all parts of the United States, viz, that periods ol great refrigeration generally extend over several years. In support of this assertion, as affecting Florida, re ference is made to the fact that the great freeze of 1835 was preceded by two severe winters, 1830-31 and 1831-32, and was immediately followed by a V with which his name is t>o indelibly as- soOiatrd tends to bring about a revival of Demqpratic coatiol based on public question^, the conditions of which are not transitory., - “To the ixplunution made to you ’that individual opinions Lave not been consider#],’ you replied that ‘you do not understand how any individual opinions can be ignored in a political gakhinug.’ '- v “ Then you proceeded to contrast your opinions with mine, to emphasize their antagonism and finally declared that ‘you and 1 cannot with.'propriety join in a political banquet given in honor of- Democracy'* patron saint.’ " Your conti ntion is that the Chica go platform applies Jeffersonian prin ciples to 'present conditions’ and that .begahse l criticised that platform in itk a pplication to conditions existing hreo years ago and then resisted your cantirdaey for the presidency, - thcre- fore my’ yy^ssWco at tho"propo*ed din ner wom^y-iot honor the world's greatest D^-mcci at. ' " The course of events will probably pVove vour underrtaoulng of the rela tions of Individual opinions to D.-mo- cratic gatherings and it is therefore not required of me now to indulge In a long discourse on the celutions in your politics of temporary to permanent qttc^’oifhvx. public address to my constituents and justified my protest on the ground that legislation and ex cutive action in enforcing the Chicago platform would be an assault on wages and sav ings, bring on silver monometallism and impair the dbligations of ccniracts. I thereafter contended wherever 1 bad opportunity, that insistence. by the United States on the coining ratio of 16 to 1 would be the grave of interna tional bimctallsm and that if Europe opened its mints at 45 12 and this government persisted in the ratio of United States would bo left with only 16 the result would he as in 1834 and the a subsidiary currency. "1 answer you as an individual and hot as committing the organization of which I was president.- ' •' No copy of your letter or this reply has been seen by any member of the Democratic club and will not until alter the reply has been mailed to you. “ It is not practical for me to recall in this letter the substance of what I have written or spoken during or since tbe last presidential campaign in ra- gard to the Cnicago platform and its many phases, altnougn I do not in any wav feeogn-Z’} your right to question my Demoeraqy. I am sanding you by this mad^*'velum j wuiuh correctly gives the list of everything which has been published, and you are at liberty to indicate and expose any portion that is'unpatriotic, undemocratic, un- Hinerican er in conflict wivh theDemo- cratic creed, as set forth in Jefferson’s first inaugural address. . , * PERRYWBELMONT.- is - exqm Ycafo, GoideU as SKiotlicr pr^r'po .a* AVjrlfe t g to my ahi not-* Wmajt.''' A d uar-y-^'* di/eOrUggi V'sent fr /aj- h >ri. nd ye^in Trfe farffkjf FttaV of- Was To-.-jmd Is/ojw iiijra ,i jar ior w;,. »h A,r.d -all t-p-eenrs wire reply.” . » -To which Mr. Bryan, on ills return Nebraska several days afterward, sent Hiti foi.owing reply : Invitation received. Rjmember- ih Democratic platform in tbe last cam paign, i d sire to know, before an- -wiring invitation, whether y<»u have since tue • lecvifln. publicly announced your conversion to the principles set forth in that platform.” Mr. Be.mont thereupon made the following explanation: " The invitation extended to you is on behalf of the Democratic club, ^in dividual opialonehave not been c»n- sidercu in issuing tbe invitations to celebrate the birt.iday of Thomas Jef- n." ' .....1 , Mr. Bryan replied to this teiegram at length from Chattanooga. Tenn., where he gave the correspondence to the Associated PreoS."04 follows : L might pu ad a previous engage- m -nt as a rea-on- for declining, but that would be iquivalent to saying that 1 would dome save the eugage- iiieut, but frankness compels me to add aniitiier. reason. 1 appreciate the 'compliment which tbe D.mocratid club pays mu in extending an invita tion, butl do not understand how in- diviuual oolnious can be ignor.ed' at a -political gathering..' You arc the pres- sideht of the dab and represent the. ell by be fore the public. Your position upon. t. e .public questions wa well known in 1*^96 and yOUf rCTe6 r ram inui- cates that your position Las not been changed. My posilioB .upon public questions is also well known.' The antagoolshs between par opinions is so great' that we cannot with propriety l-.m tn a T^trtTcat bacquet given in iiOnor cf Doraocraey’s patrou Haint v Jefferson stopd for a^iain well d-- lined principles, “if your views are a yorreev reflection'of mis ideas, I fear that my-Vpice would souhlTa discord ant no.. at _.our banqj t. If, eu the other hand^ the Cnicago pi at form applies: (rs l b 1-eve it doeb) Jt ffersouiau pr.ripu;des t*j present eon ditiens, Then yodr c tnsp.icuous presence at the J iTSrsonian banquet would not houor the memory ol the world's greatest I) mocrat. « I D j not m/s underst and me. Yca. x tnay he right and 1 may be wrong, bbt 1 take it for granted that we are equally. COpscioBtious^ami I truit that I may not ehow myself courageous than, you. .Yhu pvojdjjuaed to your fellow citizens in :L89o that my electron up >n - -- » -y best -thought of to-day the climate! not perceptibly changing. The mean temperatures obtained by the earliest instrumental observations, both in thie country and abroad, show no dlf- ferenct ■ greater than might reasonably be due to the character of the instru ments used and their environment. The yearly meani for a single station do not show a steady increase In heat culminating in a period of high tem perature and then gradually receding toward a period of diminished heat, but rather an irregularity in the dis tribution of warih and coltj year* that , suggests at once the absence of any system of compensation or any gradual progression from one extreme to the other. Studies of annual meads, when broadened to include those from a number of stations scattered over the globe are not devoid of interest, though perhaps they have not ae yet yielded results of immediate practical Importance. ' ‘J/pr the States bordering the gulf and south Atlantic coasts continuous instrumental records of tbs' the tem perature previous to 1870 are lacking, although a number of broken series are available. The degree of cold ex perienced before that date is naturally a matter of considerable uncertainty, and while we may' form a general Idea of the relative severtty-of the winters, we arc prevented from making as full an examination of the matter as Its importance dtmAnds. " Taking Florida as a concrete illus tration, we find that at least four very distastrous freezes have occurred with in the 100 years ending with 1898. We are inclined to the opinion that the first one, viz, that of 1835, was tbe most severe.- The State then escaped ^ further visitation lor a period of fifty- winter of more than average severity, 1836. The freeze of 1886 was preceded by a cold spelt in January 1884 (mini mum at Jo< ksonviilo 21 degree?), and the temperature fen to 22 degrees at Jacksonville in January of 1887. The two freezes of the winter of 1894 95 were preceded by a cold Wave in 1893, In which the temperature feii to 24 de grees at Jacksonville. All of this would seem to Indicate, as above stated, that cold years are likely to be followed by years of simlllar character, ’separated by one or more warm years) the complete cycle of events extending over from four to seven years; but we should not forget that this conclusion Is cot based On sufficient date to esta blish R firmly.” Demopra+'- jjIatfo-m would eudangBr locator.' WHifar'c-; youwitl pardon ^juusd. It is et ITOUs^pne night, Asa—ju«Y one night, : Joe, naff bk-ioViO) :A*a. ‘■'And. Sure enotfgh he aid bring e^ffd in an t- qa.. u goitW* frame eke it back'aexiAiay and paid the debt a'.d--'acd nothing cap- b : more T luierly pa- put the rest in my lather’s safe.. ; IhStiC than thui skelCtuVvbt re the good : I know- that-my Ofile will dsajhat, o d mu: ton i* kmotfiine tne th.u und! too. Fifty years ago she Droms»edi'.nt s v v -ry hair of her i.fc-ioug com pan •' everything she had or was-gOlngTa Ton ae she .-itNow, we must toJtcr ? farming, have and so I wilt wait. She has always 1 doyvo, John, out uand ln LuL7 wu'irgo.” if I sug .-ost that a banquet, pre 'ided over "/y you, will injure ratber if.an th- Democratic party. I.bo "TTeve m oa in-raizing personal* diff r- necs, b'.rv~il tT v ereuccs in principle can dhYtrie | uarmofl 1 I m ‘ p trty ad vantage.is cot to Oe_ue- -. K-.ou- lyiv-fji from political ooiomuaibn ’be- ». iAt l i-w, on Jqjl rsoh an ‘'Democrats who ’S-.a-.d -ijjiqi. th ejUh; c ago. pi attain an d A'- '..W: .» .pui I an allies Who ma qTeraile Jjmi^ ‘between campaigns in order, to giv more potency to tbrfetr be AUK THE WINTERS COLDER? WORKING THE ROADS, tn Regard to the Different Road Com* tcaya) of Dem:*cratic prioCtplos on n day. Yoms Uiqly, Wm.L Bryan. y Tiie answer og, msiAtoNT- New York, March 20/ Dear Sjrj Oavs; iiiai rccciYed your lettenof the 16th inst., in which you Tin- Kecortls Show That the SeaMons are Not Changing. U-has become quite common to hear it remarked that the seasons are changing. With every cold spell that comes either in the spring or fall there are maqy old-tUners who will regale you with personal recollections of bow the staraus used to he along in tne furties or fifties, but unfortunately the records do not bear the old-timers out. •<: . The void^ w.nters experienced in the South during tho past few years have led many to believe that the winters are becoming mere severe, but the weather ollijials do not believe such Is tiie case, judging from ail tbe records that they have at hand. \ Alfred J. Henry has a very interest- in my judjf - Log article in the December number of The Monthly Weather Review, discus sing this subject. He says : V;; '• Tae frequency and severity of the cold Tjvave!' tnat have visited the Southern portion of the United States m late years,, and the fact that the -present (winter season began much e.'tfdier than usual, have led a number of people to make inquiry as to what are the reasonable expectations (or the future? Is it probable that a more or less permanent change in the charac ter of tbe winters has taken place? This, problem is important since it in volves a possible readjustment/of pre- The New Law Working In tie*. The following Act was passed at tfaa recent session of the Legislature: That ali male persons able to per form or caused to be performed the Idbor herein required, between the ages of elgbj^ n and fifty years, ex cept in Horry, Spartanburg, Greenville, Cherokee and Union counties, where the ages shall be from twenty-one tp fifty, and also except ministers of the gospel in actual charge of a con gregation, and person permnent^y disabled in the military service of thia. State, and persons who served In tl late war between the States, shall be quired annually to perform or.caus? be performed four days labor on highways, under tie directions of th* overseer of the road district In which be shall reelde, except in the counliee of Spartanburg, Anderson, Greenville, Pickens and Darlington, wherein the number of working days shall be three, and in Pickens county the commuta tion tax shall be one dollar, and in Greenville county ten hours shall con stitute a day’s work for all hired hands, and in Pickens county ten hours shall constitute a day’s work for all hands; and the counties of Orangeburg* Saluda, Edgefield. Colleton, Barnwell, Newberry, Greenwood, liamsburg, Dorchester, Sue York, wherein the n ‘ ^ " * U .-r* -j - > ing days shall be folufmto York; the counties qf Berkeley, Oharh Gt orgetowc, Hampton, Beaufort, ion and Florence, wherein the ni of working days shall be eight; Bamberg county, the number^of ing days shall be six, and in county, where the number days shall be changed to four, commutation tax shall be one Provided, that the county county commissioners of may cause to be levied tax. not to exceed one taxable property of any their county, when so written petition signed of the freeholders of s except in Pickens co shall not be necessar .written petition. Such, lected as the other pended on the roads such township: Pi slons of this bill county of Fairfield, that in Oconee c days work be four, mutation. Tfhe provisions apply to Pickana. ties until the. v