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m: Barnwell -People. UnestQrcnlation in theCountv BO ADS FOB FABMEBS. ■TO n«HWATI TO BX DiaPIACSD XT UT-TO'DATK XBTHOD8. ~mL at improrement has at taagth luaiil B point that is exlanlatod to aMrltod the old-fashioned fanner. The twentieth century promisee to lad the old mod roads a forgotten robe, and a new system of transports* tkm in the oonnlry that will prove a gieater innovation than steamboats or rail Way can. Bat we do not have to wait for the twentieth centniy for this wonder, the beginning of which is aI- ready here. This is nothing more nor km than wagon roads of steel rails 1 That is what the observant farmer these days may set coming to bis farm in the fa tore. And it’s no dream. It m so much a reality now that one tarn- pike company in Philadelphia has or dered the steel rails necessary to build ene mile of railway near Scranton. And to those whs have been working to revolutionise in this manner modern methods of transporting tarm products the roeolt is not a matter of doubt. They my it means good-by to the an tiquated vehicles and spavined horses every day wearily dragging from are fast following her example with in creased liberality, and the darts not far distant when every county sent in the State of Ohio will be oonneeted with every other and very large city by meant of a network ot electric roads, which should be sod probably will be provided by the State co-oper ating with the various counties. It is not proposed that the public should operate these rdads, but only furnish the track, according to the established public policy that hits prevailed time out of mind for the public to furnish the way mid private enterprise to fur nish the power end vehicles. Mr. Dodge thus explains the method of making roads with steel tracks for or dinary vehicles: r ' “All steel tracks heretofore placed upon the highways having been laid by private enterprise and so laid ea only to pe need by vehicles with flanged wheels, it remained for the govern ment to make a demonstration ai to the utility of the steel back so made and laid that veLicles without flanged wheels might have the treat advantage 100th \ garden to farms near by the'cities over bed roads to the markets. Instead, there Will some wagons and vehicles propelled by electric motors, laden to the brim with the go<4 things of the farms, noiselessly and rapidly travers ing the steel rails that will be laid upon every thoroughfare leading from town to country. < Mr. Martin Dodge, former chairman of the Ohio Rood Commission, now di rector of the office of road inquiry in the Agricultural Department, is the pioneer of the work, in which also Secretary Wilson, of the Department, has a deep personal and official inter- set. It was because of the secretary’s wish to make actual teste of the steel wagon road that, upon the president’s recommendation, he placed Mr. Dodge in charge of the office directed former ly by Oen. Boy Stone, who became general in the army when the late war commenced, and is now in Porto Rico. - Mr. Dodge explains that his atten lion was directed to this subject by ob serving that the tendency in the coun try had been for some years for the rural population to decrease and con centrate in the cities. Studying over this undesirable condition, be observed that those oommucities that had the beet and cheapest means of transpor tation had suffered (he deast, and (hat those communities that are poorly pro vided with means of transportation had snffeied most. This rule holds good as to large sections of the conn- try, and as to areas In different localties For instance, the agricultural States in the tmoa-Miasissippi group are supplied with the cheapest means of transpor tation for long distances by (be steam railroads and the steamships upon the takes ; therefore, they have suffered lees decline 'than any other large body of agricultural land in the United States. On the other hand, the local comm unities that are dependent on an imal power to move their products have suffered the greatest decline where the wagon reads are poorest, and the least decline where roads are best. So it seems apparent that the most im poitant factor in producing the changed condition of population and the de creasing vfclue of agricultural land is the Hem of transportation. So abso lute is This fact that the value of agri- cnltnral land can be accural ely esti mated by the distance from easy means of transportation, the price of laid flailing In proportion to its dis- tanc from cheap means of transpor tation. It is an ascertained fact that the average cost of transpor tation by animal power is 25 cents per ton per mile, while the cost by cheaper is mocb less, being by electric exceed 1 flvriffiirtr’pwflgff of n smooth track, heretofore only en joyed by the vehicles with the flanged wheels. I wae made director of the office of road' inquiry, and immedi- ately began preparations to bnlld n sam ple steel track wagon road for the pur pose of making testa as to its cost, value and utility. For the department I secured s suitable specs oh the gronnda of the Trans-Mississippi Ex position at Omaha, where the results might be seen by the greatest number of people, and constructed such a road as I had recommended before, but which bad never been fully tested. The road consists of two parallel lines of steel plates, eight inchee wide, and at sufficient distance apart to receive the wheels of the vehicles of the stand ard gauge. The plates have a slightly projecting flange upward on the inner edge so as to prevent the wheels of or dinary vehicles which have no flanges from easily leaving the track. At the same time the flanger-beittg' only one- half an inch in height are not suffl cient to prevent the vehicle from leav ing the track whenever the driver so desires for the purpoeeof passing other vehicles going in the opposite direc tion. These steel plates are not sop- ported by wooden ceossties or Ion ji tudinal stringers of any kind, but are provided with flanges projecting down ward and outward at the same time. These flanges are so imbedded in the concrete in the roadbed as to form substantial part of it,and the steel plates themselves are supported at every point ^by a substructure of cement or other imperishable material.”—Amer ican Farmer. TIMELY TALK WITH FARMERS Charles H. Jordan in Atlanta Journal. It has taken the cotton grower twenty years to learn that a cotton crop covered with a mortgage is la bad thing to have on his premises. It will be well enough to. consider the causes which led up to the requirement of mortgages on personal property first and later on crops. We cm all re member when the merchants carried in stock no heavy supplies, such as corn, meat, flour and guano, to sell the farmer. The three first named arti cles were, of course, sold to their cus tomers, who were engaged in other lines of business, but were bought by the merchants fropi the farms at home exclusively. While the fanners of the South were making their farms self-sustaining and selling a surplus of provisions, com mercial pnper was a rare thing in the transactions between the merchant and his customers. Open accounts were the only evidence of indebted ness.' A farmer’s word was as good as 'old, and to have asked an old farmer or a mortgage, in those days, would have been an insult which no merchant would have bad the tementy to offer. / Sharp, shrewd, busiueas wen of the world soon saw that there were for tunes to be made out of the cotton crowned king. It wae the “cock of the walk.” The miHionalres made a regular buffineas of gambling on it. It has taken twenty yean to whip the fight, but the iateuse greed of the world has done the won, axd today the old king lies half deed in the ditch, while broken and disconsolate mourn ers gaze (upon the long trail of a dis appointed past. While the fanner has lost in the straggle, the oonUtir at targe has developed and increased ite wealth steadily each year. ; 77... The farmer is not alone responsible for King Cotton's long existence, and fur the unfortunate condition in which he today finds himself. Every induce ment was offered on the part of the botiness world to increase the acreage and double the supply. Increased acreage was soon demanded, when the farmer found that he must buy the supplies needed to ran him in making a lnife notion crop. Then the mer chant began to demand security, and the personal propeity came, then the preeent crop lien. The man who says the farmer is alone responsible for the condition in which he finds himself doea not know what be is talking about, and cannot prove the assertion. Now that we know the causes which led to the ignominious downfall of King Cot ton, the ejila in the continuance of the credit system, and the .farming opera lions which tend to make us poorer year by year, it behooves ns to reflect upon our future. It is conceded upon all sides that the all-cotton system is a failure and must be numbered among the things of the put. Asthe cotton acreage i* cut down, the credit system will fall in like proportion, acd the twin sister evils will become gradually records of hisr tory, only interesting to future genera tions in undtrstanding what particular epoch retarded tho progressive devel opment of our agricultural interests. - All reforms, to be successful, must move slowly, imrtieutarly if the people are unprepared for them. A targe majority of our people aie just now burdened with a portion of the debts of 1898, with no provision blade for 1899 to carry on their business without again going further in debt. Just now the cotton crop is the only one on which a debt can be cpntracted, or that has a fixed value, and may at any time when put in a marketable shape com mand ready cash. The way out can Only be determined by the man who fully realizes his present condition, and has found out the causes which have been responsible lof it. He must then., have the nerve aud manhood equal to the emergency of mapping out and livin; up to the only proper course open to him, which can hepur- sued with any degree of success in the future years. He must necessarily live closely this year, and exercise more' energy and better judgment in raising and making on bis farm every thing needed there. Determine that the supply account must'be gradually cut down.. Plant a number of small crops during the spring and summer, and carefully harvest them for winter use for family and stock. Syrup, po la toes, peas, vegetables and corn will keep any family.in good, healthful diet until better times can bo had. Tho strongest and healthiest farmers in Eu ropean countries live almost entirely on bread, rice and buckwheat. Their diet is simple and snch ai can be pro duced on their farms. Cut down the cotton acreage a little par mile, and by steam cars five mills par ton per mile, and by steamships on Great Lakes one mill per ton per mile. So that the cost of moving tonnage 1,160 miles by steamrhip upon deep water, 860 miles on steam cars, or 25 miles upon electric cars, is no greater than the cost of moving tonnage five _ miles by animal power upon a common road. The result of all these observations , has been to impress the necessity for a radical reform and the best method to bring it about. The proposition was to modify the checker-board method of Mying oat and improving the highways and substituting a new system, where by the common roads should radiate from the great cities or centers of pop- utation to the circumjacent territory " tor a dktance of thirty or forty miles, and that, instead of depending wholly upon animal power, as heretofore, electric ear tracks should be extended on theee new radiating roads to the dis tance of thirty or forty miles, and that the productions of the country should be brought in upon these new roads contained in the night time, when the streets of the city are vacant and the power for moving the cars is idle. This would famish a means of trans portation at one fifth of the cost pre vailing by animal power, and would a distance five times as great as bo economically covered by em power. L The uneetion was taken up officially by the then Governor McKinley who, by authority of the Legislature, ap pointed n commission to examine as to and report concerning the feasibility of the plan. The effect of the report haa been to stimulate the bmldlng of •Metric roads in various parts of the , all of which have been extremely Mful. The intrinsic value of the •Metric road is shown to so greatly ex ceed any other means of transportation for abort distances that the public is ttbely to extend to it the same friendly P<diey that it has heretofore given to vehicles impelled by animal power; that i* to say, the public will provide the track on which the vehicle rans, private enterprise will supply the * “ 1 power, as heretofore. County (Ohio) has led the development of electric ,-bnt the adjoining conn- Summit fS W M largo quantities. The estern people saw an opportunity for building granaries and packing houses to supply the South with something to eat if they could be induced to turn their entire attention to cotton growing. The big railroad magnates saw a grand opportunity to increase dividends, multiply their rolling stock, and otheiwise fatten on the freights to be obtained by transporting heav> and costlv supplies from the Weet for the Southern cotton grower during the spring.and summer. In the fall mil lions of cotton bales wonld !« turned over to them for carriage to the sea ports or Northern markets,, and a sec- ond wlutck Would be had at the great Southern industry. From all parte of the world, trans- Atlantic steamers rashed to our wharves with big advertisements of how mnch cotton the old country needed for clothing, and of how they stiood ready to.help in the enterprise with an exceedingly low rate of water freight, dividends being .first consid ered. The stock raisers of Kentucky and Tennessee were “tickled to death” at the bright prospect of supplying for the future, that beautiful Southland, where all tliat was needed to make a man rich was a piece of land planted in cotton with a negro and a Kentucky mule to plow it. Guano manufacturers saw at once that plant foods would have to be used in enormous quantities to keep up the fertility ot the cleanly cultivated cotton fieldis, and that this Investment would be a good one. The odor of complete fertilizers filled the air during the pleasant days o| spring time. The stronger the odor the bet ter. Some farmers would not buy ex cept by smell ; any other analysis was a trick and a swindle. From the big concerns a multitude of little ones spraug up. All sorts of inventions were placed upon the mar ket and the farmer induced to pmohaae, that a larger crop of cotton might be produced. Cotton planters, guano dis tribute! s, sulky plows, light harrows, cultivators and numberless patented articles which, when pat to practical use, were found to be almost worth- less, and thousands of which can now be found rotting about the farm yatd, 'rim skeletons of our over enthusiastic oily. • . < Cotton expositions were held all over the country, and the white staple was MONKEYS AS COTTON PICKERS. A’Mia- ’wo years ago, at tha Vicksburg , in the fall of 1896, qa Prof. 8. M. Tracy aud watch: •uccxMorvi. V . 81 Two fair, in die fall of 1896, aa Prof. Mr. ffiB'W. Mangum waft ing some trained monkeys per form their various tricks, Professor Tracey said to Mr. Mangum: “As sore aa you are Jive. Mangum, those nuukevs can be taugnf to pick cotton better and more cheaply tnan our negroes do, and perpetual fame will bw the pari of the man who first tries the experiment.” At first Mr. Mangum was inclined to taagh at the idea, bat the mpre he thought oveif the,matter, and the more he watched the monkeys at their va rious tricks, the more he became con vinced that there was. something in it, and the next day aa he left the profea sor at the Carrol] House, he said: . “Well, professor, I have been think ing over your suggestion of teaching each year/ and diversify the crops planted. Make an effort to build the land, so that in a short time one acre will produce twice as much corn, wheat or oata as now. Commence railing a few more hogs, cows and poultry. Keep a brood mare and raise a colt every yeat. We can gradually get into the supply business, and raise enough cotton besides to meet the de mands of the world, and get a price in which there will be a profit. .There is already a demand for legislation against the crop mortgage, and those who expect in the future to depend upon that class of security to keep them going on the all cotton plan iiad th *- 1 *T - ma ^rr ers that it la aoe that it is a better thing for the country than it has appeared to be eo > Thousands of mules and horses are being sacrificed daily, under the auctioneer’s hammer, in a great many instances selling for less than the lend court costa of levy, advertisement and aale. Eveiy farmer who has heretofore operated bis business entirely on the credit system must make a strenuous effort to use more cash for hia pur chases. Cut down the mortgage busi ness as rapidly as possible and live an Independent citizen. We are already bringing the cotton factories to the monkeys to pick cotton, and I am de termined to try tbe thing and seo if it will work. They have been taught to do mnch more difficult things than (hat, and L am almost sore they can be ti^aght to pick cotton. We can't rely on the niggers much longer, and next fail I am going to bay a dozen monkeys and see what can be done.” The next fall, that is in September of 1897, Mr. Mangum hunted up the owner and trainer of ten trained monkeys in New Vork City, and made arnugeaientBiioth to buy the monkeys and to get the services of their trainer who understood the business, and as sured Mr. Mangum that it would be the simplest thing imaginable to teach the monkeys to pick cotton. These weie placed upon one of Mr. Mangnm’s Mississippi plantations almut the middle of September of that year, and the training began. The monkeys belonged to the race known to scientists as Sphaqtali* Vulgaris, and the males weigh about 119 pounds and the females about 90 pounds each. Bags were made for each monkey, which would hold about twenty-five pounds of seed cotton, and a bag. placed over the shoulder of each. It is surprising how rapidly the trainer taught the monkeys to pick the cotton. Baskets to hold the cotton were placed at the end of the rows, and one man, over and above the Iriiner, wan neces sary to take the cottqn out of the sacks, and put it in the baskets. The females proved much better pickers than the males, for they not only picked cleaner cotton, but they would also pick moie of it in a day. In less than a month after tbe monkeys were started at tbe work they could pick on an average of 150 pounds a day. They pick<^ in weather in which negroes would not pick, and picked cleaner cotton. The cost of picking was much less, and in every, way, they made much belter pickers than the average negro. This first experiment, although, on a small sqale, proved to Mr. Mangum that monkeys could be used with great success as cottqn pickers, so in June of 1898 he made an order for- 300 monkeys of the same breed, on an ex porter of monkeys from Africa, with the understanding that most of (hem were to be females: About the first of that I weald like to tars to join me. My adt Mias., and I wonld be with any one matter.*' believe that Mr- Mangum greater benefactaj’-to tha cotton than Eli Whitney. I have him an order to import keys next summer, aud I that we Will soon be independent of the negro so far as cotton picking Is concerned. ' Tom G. Lawx. THE WORK OF THE YEAR. In every branch of industry machin ery becomes each year mere and more important. No man can compete with a machine. Here in America it h machinery, especially farm machinery, which has brought a whole continent under cultivation. About a hundred years ago Ell Whitney invented the cotton gin, but tbe cotton gin is only one of a hundred implements necessary before America could produce a ton million cotton crop. The farmer without implement* notjeumpete with -the lamer with im plements. He can not make his own labor effective; he cannot get from his hired men the work he pays for. The question is not, -Can I afford to buy this new machine, but jbh I afford to do without it I” We do not mean that September of this year the new batch of monkeys arrived, and the Services of the old-trainer were engaged to traia this new lot. up But this was not such an easy mat- ■lieTtoi 1 ftTWas at'first thought, for many of the new monkeys were still wild. But tbe trainer thoroughly understood his business, having served for a long time under Barnum as trainer of mon keys. Finally with the aid of the tea old monkeys, who were of great assis tance,-and'a great deal of punishment and rewarding, the new gang were pretty well trained by the middle of October. I have watched this experiment with greater interest than I have watched any new thing in years. I have kept in constant correspondence with Mr. MifigillP JiOtUi tnri ahnnf the middle of November I visited his plantation near Suiedes to see the monkeys at their work. I must admit that it was a glorious sight to see, and ouo that did my heart great good. Tlie' rows were filled with monkeys, each one with her little cotton sack around her .neck, picking away quietly and orderly, and without any rush or con fusion. Whet they got their sacks full they would run to the end of~the row, where a man was stationed to empty them into the cotton basket, when they wonld hurry back to their work. — TAe monkeys seemed actually to enjoy pick- aging the cotton factoriea to the South; let us prepare for the establish? That night I stayed all night with ment of packing houses by learning to appreciate and take advantage of our natural resources. Raise cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry; we. are not forced to coufino ourselves to any one indus try. The diversity of onr resources is incalculable. By determined, persis tent efforts in the right dfirection, realizing the grand possibilities of the South, the twentieth century will dawn upon us forging ahead in new and better fields. , In tbe suggestions for a diversifica tion of crops, th6 press often alludes to the growing of sugar beets. Of course the only way to profitably grow these is in communities in sufficient amounts to justify the erection of a sugar plant. In view of the fact that tbeee plants are expensive, and that the growing of beets profitably in the South is not assured, supplemented by the uncer tainty of the direction that the indas- trial development.of ffiir recently ac quired territories may take, to say nothing of onr trad# relations with Cnba, it would be somewhat hazardous for the Sooth to plunge into growing sugar-beets, in fact the acquisitions of territory are now a menace to cei- tain Southern agricultural products, and although none of them may be stricken with a death blow, still it would be well to be on the alert for very sharp competition.—Gotten Plant ers' Journal. When crops are pot in the ground in a haphazard fashion theii success or failure is almost wholly dependent upon the weather. With proper care in preparing the soil and in planting, the elements of chance are reduced to a minimum. Mr. Mangum and we had a long talk about this matter. I asked him to give me the plain facte About the case so I could give them, in the Cotton Planters' Journal, to the cotton grow ers of the South. Mr. Mangum said in substance: “ I consider the day that Professor Tracy suggested to me the training of monkeys as cotton pickers as the most fortunate day the South has seen in many years. It means more to the Sonlh than a cotton picking machine for the monkeys are a success as pickers, while the madiines have been failures. The monkeys are in eveiy way superior to negroes as cotton f ickers. In the first place the cost of picking is only about one-third. Then they are more care ful than negroes, and pick a cleaner grade of cotton. Even in this rainy fall, when all other cotton was of a low grade, that picked by the monaeys was ail middling, and sold for at least one-half cent more than that picked by the negroes. Then they will pick in weather in which you can’t get a nig ger in the field. In fact, I believe that it is the greatest discovery that has been made for tbe cotton planter since Whitney discovered the cotton gin. People laughed at me at first when I tried this thing, as they always do when a man tries anything new, bnt now that it has proved asuccess all my neighbors are wild about it. The eveiy alleged invention should be pur chased before its usefulness is demon strated, but we do mean to say that the farmer who intends to make farming pay must have the best implements to use in every stage of production, from plowing to the dav When har vesting begins; from the best plow for his field to the best low-wheeled, broad- tired wagons for use in carrying nis cotton to the gin or the wheat to the barn. ' „ It is not the great invent iona alone that fanse a revolution in industry, bnt the countless little inventions and im provements. We are told that tbe whole process of spinning cotton has been revolutionized in twenty years, not by some one imvenllon*but by the im provements in existing machinery. So on the farm a hundred years ago the gin was invented ;fifty years ago the har vester was invented; these are epoch- making implements, but in recent years there ha* been a constant im provement in all the mechanical de- vLes for use on the farm, and the farmer cannot afford to do without them. ' V v /• Prices are not within the control of the producer save to a limited extent; the cotton producers could by agree ment limit production and so advance prices, but they will not all agree to this. All the more necessary therefqreLto produce economically; to have the latest plows, the best harrows, the newest planters, the best seed, the best wagons or trucks, the best gins. This is economy; learn to save .in produc tion and you add to your profit. Invention has not ceased; it is going on all the time. Do not be satisfied with tbe implements your father used; he was not satisfied with the imple ments his father used, else farming would have come to a standstill. We do not advise extravagance in this matter, but we advise every farmer to go over his farm Implements and ma chinery and to add something to his stock every year. When a cow ceases to produce enough to pay for Its food she is sold to the butcher, or ought to be. So^ with, worn-jut farm machinery. The machine that will not do the best work should be discarded. !)</ not “hang on” too long to a dull axe, a broken- down wagon^ a plow that requires too much labor from man and horse. Go into tbe whole matter intelligently. Ask your neighbors about the latest labor-saving implements. Have tbe best you can get and note the differ ence in results m a year. As with implements so with seed; do not let yours run down. Buy the JtraLiftT tha.firid , Dm not waste all your labor on seed you cannot rely on. Buy of tbe best bouses; buy of the meu whose names are a guarantee of genuii eness. Do not bother with the “free seed” from Washington; they aro the dearest usually that yon can get. When farmers begin to say “farm ing does not pay” they mean theii farming docs not pay. It it were true of all, faming the world would starve. Farming does pay some men; it pays the men who produce the best crops with the least cost. “Beat crops” can not be produced from poor se* ds or with poor or worn-out implement''. Take care of your farm implements; keep them in place; keep them iu order; repair them well and promptly, and add new tools, new implements, new machinery every year. If yoar land is not all you would like to have it, cultivate it more thoroughly. A poor farm with good tools in the hands of good men is better than a rich farm with antiquated or worn-out machin ery.—Home and Farm. not done so, and I apprehend no very great danger in this direction.” In closing Mr. Mangum said: “Yon may say to the cotton planters of the South that it is a grand success, and that next Jane I shall make’a large Importation of monkeys from Africa, One of the most important things about good farming that most of ns have to learn Is to avoid waste. We pay taxes on land that we do not farm; we only hjf cultivate onr fields and so waste land and labor; we leave a large percentage of the crop in the field; we waste time and capital in raising in ferior animals; we waste energy in try ing to do moro-than one naan can do right; we waita money in baying what we should raise ourselves; we waste opportunities to improve our cendition by neglecting to read papeis; we wast e —in thousand ways and then we are ready to say “farming don’t pay.’’ — : - , In a State, esaentially agricultural, if the fundamental principles of practical and scientific agriculture find a place in tbe curriculum of the public Icnobls the yoaths, when they arrive at man hood, will be equipped to pursue their vocation trader 'the fayoiabla auspices negroes have made repeated thieata to bnn^ humdrum occupation, unprofitable and uninviting. Your relation or friend will thank yen to obtain a bottle of Alligator Liniment and to sss th* rapid ears it will effect will cjom you greet pleasure. Its the only ■are remedy to recommend for Rheuma tism, Neuralgia and all pains. EDUCATION FOR FARMERS. At Riverbead, N. Y., Iu«tiiute, W. H. Jordan, Director of State Ex perimenl Station, gave an excellent ad dress on agricultural sdneation. It seemed to the the most sensible talk in thk line I ever heard. In substance he said that the agricultural colleges universities were not proving a , as a rale, along the line of educating young map to become actual farmers. After getting this education few of them do of will go back bn the iarm and devote theii trained minds to tore. But a small proportion those who take the regular long course ever become farmers. Dr. Jordan named universities, and told how very few of, the regular students were ^taking An agriculture course. He said, however, that some colleges were succeeding better than others- And what he said did not refer to (he short term course for agricultural stu dents, lasting some three months in the winter. The students who graduate in the regular course at agricultural colleges and universities wul mostly become teacheis, professors, station directors, institute workers, agricul tural writers, etc. This course is also out of the reach of the great mam of farmers. Bnt theta boys ought to have an agricnllural education. How are they to get it ? Tha Doctor aaid the institutes were a help ih this line, but still they could not do much. Their work wm largely to start people to thinking, to encourage and enthuse them, 10 give them glimpses of knowl edge in different lines, but, of coarse, there was no chance for thorough edu cation even in one line. He said ag ricultural pajiers could do a great deal in this direction and were doing it, but like the Institutes they could not do complete work, exhaustive work along any line. He favored the teaching of the elementary principles of agricul tore in our common schools, but said he would leave out the word “agricul tore,” because the knowledge was of a character that would be generally val uable to every one. He spoke of go ing a step further and having agricul tural high schools in townships, but said at present auitable.lpaoheia could not be obtained. Bnt tf^ they were pull enough such teachers would soon be ready. Lastly the Doctor spoke of an agricultural Cbautauqna course, and was in hearty sympathy with snch plan. He said there were a number of good, reliable books' now for young men to read, ana soon would be more such books as those written by Profs Bailey, Yoorhees, Henry, Roberts, etc. It the mass of farmers are to have an agricultural education it must come in some such way./ And they do need it. Knowledge is power, and much more ..needed now than fifty years ago. Dr. Jordan said that a man in the East simply could not succeed and work as bis father did fifty years ago. A good illustration of what knowledge could do was given. They have 15 or 16 tons of glass sand in tbe forcing houses at station that they purchased to ex periment wilb. There is absolutely no jdant food in it. They have plants growing in this perfectly barren sand most luxuriantly. That is, science knows exactly what to put iu that sand to supply the crop. Mao becomes al most equal to the Creator when he has knowledge. Now, friends, I think the above is solid truth. The universities will turn out thoroughly trained men, which we need, but few of them will go back to the farm. Very few can afford this college course any way. Tbe great mass of young men who will become farmers need more knowledge. Let those who can take the short course in agriculture now offered in various States. It will be very helpful, getting them started in tbe line of agri cultural knowledge. Then get good books, by such authors as those name< above, and study them thoroughly winter evenings. Read good agricul tural papers. Gel the reports from yonr Experiment Station and learn all yaw aan from Ahsnsii 1 «iASteasb—pawsSt this subject from time to time. I have answered Uiena privately, usually, Be- I did not knoar. ee my views, would be considered sound. Bavin* Dr. Jordan agreeing with me u thought perhaps it, would be well t<S publish just what I think. Now pleaee do qot rntwmderstand me -If any young man's parents era aide and wili ng to send, mm to taka a foil agricul tural coarse in a uolsersity, I wonld' advise him to go, by ail means, even hough ha intande to come back on the kirn. W* cannot got too mnch knowl edge. And still the chances are la the East that before he gets through hia course he will see a better opening than the old farm offers. Bnt this thorough education cannot be brought to tha masses who aro to become farm ers. We may as well confess actual facta. The plan offered above, it seems to tha writer, may be very help ful to thoee who cannot do better.-?- B. Terry tn Practical Farmer* tutu that comes within reach. At little expense one can thus get a good deal of agricultural knowledge. But would not try to store it all up in my head ia advance, howeter. Get a farm and go to work and study the lines you follow at the same time. Any one who is farming now need not long be igno rant of simple scientific matters that will be helpful to him. Quite'a num ber of young men have written me on A woman’s health ii her heat and moat pre ciou.n endowment Her good looka, her enjoy ment of life, her happi- neaa, and love its continn- ance all depend upon her health. Call it vanity if yon wHl, it is a woman’s dnty to worshia at the ahrineof her mb it is her daty f to preserve her good looks and yonth- ml spirits as lone M possible. Tbe woman who suf fers from some weak ness or derangement of the organs distinctly feminine, can note the daily encroachments of general ill-health, by looking in her mirror. The sallow or blotched complenioa, heavy eyes and dark circles trader them, the little wrinkles that gradually creep around the corners of her eyes and month odd the general look of listlesanqso and despond ency will tell the story. Special troubles of tUa kind are too frequently neglected because the natural and proper modesty Of women keeps them from consnlttaf the average run of physicians. Those 1 because they are without inherent delicacy themselves, imagine that women an tee same. They inafst upon obnoxioas exam inations and local treatment from which any sensitive woman shrinks. Dr. Fierce's Favorite Prescription will do more for woman who suffers in this way than all the doctors of this description together. Dar ing the pest thirty years it haa been used by over ninet^housand women with mar velous results. It is an unfailing cure for all weakness and disease peculiar to 1 en. All good medicine dealers sell it “ For a number of yean I suffered with s plication of female troubles." writes Ferguson, of Bdgnsoor, Chester C04 tried various remedies from physidi nothing seemed to do me any good. It -that my boch would kill me. f had smothering spells at night so bod I could not rest Also had aonstipatkm. I took Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pro- scriptioo and ‘Pleasant PuUntS' and wms en tirely cured." Send fcr Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medical Adviser. Paper-bound, at one-, cent stamps; cloth-bound, ten cen‘< store. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Bqfilo, N. Y. & KEEPING POTA SOU! ATOES IN UTH. THE “James,” of 8. C., asks the beat wav to store and keep in that climate Irian potatoes, beets, carrots, onions, turnips and other root crops. In regard to the Irish potatoes tt will depentlon when they were grown. Tbe early, potato crop' in the South, which ripens in Jane, will not, of course, keep during ail the hot weather qnd into winter^ though we have at times succeeded in\ keeping them till Christmas. But even this is hard to do. The main crop for table use, which should be grown from the secon^ crop seed of the previous year, kept till July, will make a good keeping crop, as they will rii>en late hi October or November. The second crop for seed ^ purposes, grown from the early crop ol the current year, can be kept witliont any difficulty where they grew, if when the tops are cut down by frost Uiey are taken off and the rows covered thickly with pine straw to prevent access of frost, and they can remain there till planting time or nearly so. The late table crop should be dug and stored at once iu a cool and dark place. For this purpose a’ tight, ffoet-proof building abbve ground is better in onr climate than a cellar, which is apt to be too warm. The points to be observed are to keep them in otter darkness and as cool as possible. A degree or two above the freezing point is all that is needed, and we have kept them best when stored in barrels in an outbuilding, where some extra cover can be given the barrels when unusual cold comes. They should- at first be stored in balk, and overhauled a week or so after being put in, after they have sweated. All the rotten ones should then be culled oat and air ■lacked Time be scattered oyer, and throngh them as they are barreled. Then if kept cool enough there is usu ally no difficulty in keeping them. Beets we prefer to keep where they grew and turnips also if they are grown in rows, as they should be. All that is needed for the beets, carrots and turnips is to throw a farrow from each side the row on them, and they will be all right, and will keep in far better condition than if taken up and stored. If it is more desirable to have them right at hand then lift them, and run* •ut farrows and set them in th s ckly, and then turn a farrow on them and proceed to fill this furrow and cover till you have all stored, merely setting the roots upright in the furrow against the furrow slice that has just been thrown. • • • Onions are far more difficult to handle in this climate, and it is impoeaible to prevent sprouting of some kirn Is in the fall. Tbe Prizetaker and all the Italian onions and the Potato onion will not keep here under any treatment till cold weather, and these kinds should be disposed of as soon as ripe, the seta of the Potato onion being planted oni in tbe early fall. But if you grow the Red Wetnersfield, the New Opal or the Southport White or Yellow Globe, you can keep them in winter by TFWBBHKU TW”"SffftBip0fr 1 Globe and the Opal are the best keep ers, and for this purpose mast be ? ros he wn from seeds sown in February, he first is, as ite name indicates, a round globe-shaped white onion, the second is a dark red onion and the best keeper I have ever seen. These will ripen in July, and then should be taken up and sunned well, but not allowed to have any roin fall on them. Curs in tbe sun with the tops on, and then trim but little, if any. If yon can get sunny weather enough to cure the tops perfectly dry, then store them with the tops on, as they will keep better with the tops than without. Now put them In orates and put tho t-rataa in the hottest place yon can find. I pat them up under a loft roof where the temperature is very hot, and spread them thinly. Here they stay for a week dr ten days to cure perfect ly, and tire then removed to as cool and airy a place as possible^ and spread out thinly and kept as dark as possible. Do not bother about the cold et any time for a littlo'freezing that they ranr get in a barn will not hurt them if they aie not handled while froaen. On a large scale the first curing or kiln drying may be done in a building made for the purpose where a temperature of about 100 degrees or more can be had for awhile. This rapid curing ia essential to the after keeping, for if they are allowed to sweat in a moder ate temperature they wUl soon begin to sprout, hence the necessity for dry ing them off at a high temperature.— . F. Massey in Practical Farmer. ■teamve qitgrotooBowtgA and TAKE no OTHER THV1T TOOAV H. C.x OMORNKt