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iUL.II _U-l?. II?^JLU^J , L English Language Has Been Altered Ohicago.? What three centuries of use have done to the English language ? at least as much of It an Ilea from A to Ra?la revealed by the editors of the "Dictionary of American KngHah" in the first section of their work published September 8 by the tnlverBlty of t'hicago Pre**. Eleven year* of scholarly enterprise , on the part of iflTZAYJlUfUU. i'nil&le, editor of the Oxford English dictionary. and an expert staff assisting hjm her/-, ui?. at last bearing fruit in publication. Five years more of Intensive editing and the remainder of the dictionary should be off the presses, and then libraries of the world will have a work which shows changes in English speech us u result of Its being translated to American soil in lbu7. The new dictionary is not a glossary of slang of Americanisms, It contain* only words which attained respectable social standing Hi the language before 1900. There are various classes. One consists of English words that took on new meanings In the United StafeB to describe new institutions and landscapes, like "capltol" for seat of government, "creek" for a small stream. Another includes American colloquialisms. Such a word was the adverb "uwfully," derived from the word meaning awe-Inspiring. One Mary Dewees wrote in her Journul in 1788, with feminine superlaUve. "It was really awfully pleasing to behold the clouds," and the dictionary now quotes her comment to mark the change in usage of one English word. Other words, like "baggage," declined in use In the mother country but became current In the new world, and took on a variety of new partners In such compounds as baggageroom, baggage-master, baggage-car. American Inventiveness shows Itself particularly in the making of new hyphenated combinations the editors of the dictionary note. A striking one Is bee-line. ^ The settlers brought the first bees to this country from England and with them the noun, hut it remained for the dwellers In the new country to devise the term bee-line to designate two points. Angle-worm is another American compound. Americans have shown themseives resourceful in putting old words to new us?-s as well as In devising new ones, the editors of the dictionary state. The latter variety, like buncombe. lynch, bosH. boom, are better known than the former, which have slipped quietly into current English use without tlie earmarks of Americanisms. In this group the dictionary makers place such words as dexpresslons as census immigrant, loafer, schooner, wall-paper, lawabldlng, lengthy, to belittle, to cave in, to clear out, once In a while, time and again. The dictionary treats the development historically, giving examples of early use from written American English with the date for each quotation. so that it becomes easy to trace the rise of Americanisms. The dictionary has been financed by a grant from the General Education board and from the American Council of Learned societies, as well jih hv funds from the University of Chicago. Revealed In Death As A Woman San Francisco. Sept. 21 ?A kindly little individual known in San Fran< isco for forty years as Jack H. Garland. ti7, social worker, former newspaper man and writer, was revealed in cleatit yesterday as ti woman. "Jack" collapsed in a street Friday nifjlii and died in a hospital next morning Dr Holla It Hess, deputy eoroner. who performed an autopsy, said today, "Jack" was a woman. A friend. Mrs. Mary Haines, reported "'Jack" Garland turned to masquerading as a man years ago to facilitate her desire to help the needy. Associates said her real name was Beatrice Garland. Senator Wallace H. White, Republican, defeated Governor Louis J. Brann, a Democrat for the United States senate for Maine, by a vote of 1*7,037 to lc>2,tMi2, in Monday's election. Secretary of State l^ewis O. Barrows, Republican, was elected governor over F. Harold Dubord. Democrat. by a vote of 172,170 to 129,084 If You Want to See the ^ Smartest Line of j HATS I You Have Ever Seen Stop in At | j ; W. Sheorn & Son I QUAt-tTY MENS WEAR j j lil a. * iii". )>?.i??r.a. i M ?.!. i .ji.wwwi^.iiiwihi ri mm** i Favorable Trend In The Hog Situation CJemson, Sept. 21.?The drought over the middle West, resulting In what appears now to he the smallest corn crop fn more than a half century, has it seems changed the course of hog prices from a lower price trend to the probability of an upward trend during the next two years, says O M, ("lark, extension agricultural economist. "The last peak In the cycle of hog number was reached in 1932 when on .January 1, there were 62 million hogs on the farms of the L'nlted States," Mr. Clark explains. "by January 1, 1935, the number had declined to 39 million head. The cycle of hog numbers was on the downswing after 1933, and the severe drought of 1934 caused the number to decline to a lower figure than otherwise would have been the case, and hog prices rose to pre-depresslon levels. "Since ithe low point on January 1, 1936, the numbers have been on the increase. The 1936 spring pig crop was about 29 per cent greater than last year's. The fall crop was expect- i ed to he about 14 per cent., greater than that of 193f>, and approximately 60 per cent greater than the very i small fall crop of 1934. "The short corn crop this year will quite likely slow up or probably stop temporarily the increase In numbers. The Indications are that the short i feed supply will cause more than the usual proportion of the hogs on hand June 1, 1936, to bo sold before January < 1, 1937. Many gilts that would nor- i mally have been bred this fall for i farrowing next spring and then sold i after furrowing will be sold this fall." i Pointing out that this more rapid than usual marketing of hogs will probably depress the fall price, the economist concludes: "The Indications are that the situation will cause higher prices In the spring and fall of 1937, which will probably carry on through into 1938. That is to say, the unusually short feed supply caused by the drought will result in sending to market more hogs this fall than otherwise would have been the case, depressing prices this fall as a consequence, but It otherwise has Improved the outlook for i hogs for the next two years." Austrian Peas, Vetch Make Soil Productive Clemson, Sept. 21.?The sowing of winter legumes for sol! Improvement has always been an excellent farm practice from every standpoint, and now that the Federal government is placing such emphasis on soil conserving and soil building. South Carolina farmers will plant a larger acreage of winter legumes than ever before, says Ft. \V. Hamilton, extension agronomist. The Alabama FCxperiment station has recently Issued a publication covering many years' experimental results with vetch and Austrian winter peas. These results, which are applicable to South Carolina conditions, Mr Hamilton summarizes as follows: Where cotton and corn were grown on certain areas each year, vetch or Austrian peas < turned under) increased the yield of seed cotton by 628 pounds and of c?rn by 13.6 bushels per acre. The increase in cotton yield due to the vetch or Austrian peas was worth $3.78 per acre more than the increase from 225 pounds of nitrate of soda or its equivalent after considering the cost of the legume seed and the soda. Where corn was grown without rotation and was preceded by vetch or Austrian peas, the cost of the increased yield whs lti cents per bushel. Vetch or Austrian peas grown it; a two-year rotation (cotton-winter leguine-corn > increased the corn yjeld eighteen bushels per acre at a cost of II cents per bushel. Furthermore, the residue the second year from these legumes increased the cotton yield by 213 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Vetch or Austrian peas, when not fertilized with a sufficient amount of phosphate, usually failed to make enough growth to increase cotton and Corn yields economically; whereas, with a sufficient application of phosphate they made enough growth to increase greatly the yields of subsequent crops. T^ furnish sufficient nitrogen for the. succeeding crop. It Is necessary to turn under the tops of vetch or Austrian peas since about 90 per cent, of the total nitrogen in the legume plant is in the tops at the proper time for turning. * The government of Spain has notified all foreigners to leave Rilboa, and notified all commanders of foreign warships that the harbor is now mined against rebel ships. Claud Pepper and Fred P. Cone of Florida, Democratic senatorial nominees, a*sure President Roosevelt that he hasn't anything to worry about "down there." i ~~ ~ V- J tw- a% SHALL WB FORM A "PURC ELECTION LEAGUE"? The editorial of last week discussing the flections recently held in Colleton county has elicited more comment than auy editorial In a long time. Many comments have been made to ua and of which we have heard Indicating that there is much Interest In this matter, and that the consciences of all the people have not been dulled or burled under the avalanche of money used to buy the sacit d right of suffrage from the needy of the selfishly profiteering group who prey upon candidates, and voters alike. We are pleased that there is this show of interest at this time. It la a long time till the next primary election will be held in this county, and it would seem that it were better to wait till Just before that election, t ut we desire to call attention to these Irregularities while they are fresh in the minds of the people, and make thus a record of the evils as they are In mind for future reference. Conditions were really worse than we thought them to be. Vote-buying was the order of the day. We have heard of many instances where money was used. Two little girls, daughters of a vote seller, were proud of new dresses they were wearing. Asked where they got them the Innocent little girls replied: "My mamma bought these with money Mr. paid my daddy and mama for voting for him Tuesday." They did not think that their parents* had done any wrong in selling their votes, nor were they old enough to realize the wrong done by "Mr. " in buying the votes* of their parents. Another worker at one of the polls drove by a field where a farmer and his wife were picking cotton to ask If they wished to go to vote. Their reply was "If you will pay us $2 apiece we will go with you to vote." The "workers" replied: "I haven't any money to pay you, but I am going on to town and If I get hold of any I will come back by and get you." Another woman voter whose husband is working In another city, remarked that several people came to her house to get her to go Jto the polls and vote, but she would not go with them for her vote was not for sale. A worker at a poll In the county was seen to have a big roll of dollar bills early in the morning and he was quite busy all day and at night when he was leaving after the poll had closed he bought some drinks and pulled out two dollar bills, all he had left. This worker actually used his money to buy votes as he was Instructed by the candidate to do. Another "worker" went to a town in an adjoining county and told a friend there: "I have forty-odd dollars given me by a candidate to buy votes for him at the polls Tuesday, I but 1 am not going to do any such thing. I am going to pay my taxes with the money." The above are only a very few of the incidents in connection with the election held last Tuesday. Others might be recited but it is no use just to multiply incidents of this nature. They are proof enough, If anyone Is a doubting Thomas, to convince that there were wholesale buying and selling of votes in the primary elections held in this county. All kinds of rumers are going around of all night riding, calling up "workers" from bed at all hours of the night before the election, leaving money with them and instructions as to its use, and to pay for their "time," etc., etc. It is enough to create nausea and to almost make one despair of ever having an honest election in Colleton county. The Press and Standard is not writing these editorials to prefer charges against candidates who used money. It is not a personal attack upon any candidate or candidates, but it is intended to be an effort to arouse the people of the county so that they shall put down any such practices in the future. We rtre of the opinion that this use of money and the intimidation of the voters U as distasteful to the candidates who Indulge in it as it is to the rfght thinking voter who sees the choice of officials lowered to the strata of the slums. Certainly no candidate who does this to win, if such be his ultimate object, can take any pleasure or view with any degree of satisfaction the expenditure of more money than his office can pay during his tenure of the office. If the candidate aeea in his office a chance to recoup and make other hundreds and thousands of dollars, then he is f^lso a scoundrel and should not hold any office in the gift of the people. Certain it is that under the present status of running for office in Colleton county it is impossible for a poor man to enter a race for one of the main offices in the county with any hope of winning if there be competition. A prospective candidate said to us in connection with this fight we are making for clean elections: "1 hope you will so stir up the people of the county that the use of money will be prohibited. I wish to run tor an office but unless the use of mmjgy can be stopped it will be no use for J me to run, except I can get all ifrt ['breaks* in the election." I Several lady voters have said, *tt was so rotten and distrusting at my poll that I do not think I shall ever vote again." May we suggest that the women of the county have It in their hands to clean np the elections. If they will support only clean candidates who will not use money to hay support and votes, and if they will all vote, they hold the balance of power. yt~ The Press and 8tandard is thinking of making an attempt to organise n Sun May Replace Oil j and Coal As Fuel' Washington.?An engine run by sun-power, and described aa likely to enter the commercial field in "not so many years," gave world power experts a startling glimpse of future possibilities recently. Distinguished delegates to the third world power conference crowded into a little open-air laboratory behind the Smithsonian Institution to examine the flrat practical "sun motor," designed to convert solar heat Into cheap energy. Dr. C. G. Abbot, the institution's secretary, who designed the engine after twenty years of research, told his guests that such machines might some day replace the earth's dwindling oil and coal supply. A minor accident kept the delegates from seeing his invention in actual operation, although earlier It had driven a chugging little steam engine before a battery of movie cameras. The grey-mustached inventor, in short sleeves and an old straw hat, explained that the generation of power was ail done with mirrors. The heart of the sun motor was i three curved metal reflectors, clamped in a nine-foot rectangular frame, i They focused the sun's rays on threepencil-thin glass tubes, containing a dark fluid with a high boiling point. When the concentrated glare had brought the liquid to 400 decrees Fahrenheit it flowed through insulated copper tubes to a boiler, which in turn drove a one-half horsepower steam engine. Engineers and industralist^ from four continents tossed eager questions at the Washington scientist as they stood on tip-toe to glimpse details of the motor. Dr. Abbot, smiling with pleasure, told them he had used a similar device to bake break and cook meals at Mount Wilson, Calif. "I have estimated," he said, "that such machines erected on a large scale could produce 40,000 horsepower a day from the sun falling on a single square mile of desert." Gano Dunn, of New York, president of the J. G. White Engineering company, predicted that sun motors "will enter the commercial Held in not so many years." He added that the device already | had been perfected to such a point j that mirrors covering the surface of the waters impounded by RouJder Dam would develop more power than the dam's own generators." Dr. Abbot told the delegates solar heat had been utilized In similar devices "for many years," but that his motor was the first which could compare In efficiency with other power sources. "According to my calculations," he said, "this machine can compete with steam engines burning, coal at a cost of $3 a ton." "Pure Elections League," or seme other kind of organization, whose members will pledge themselves to use their influence to put a stop to the use of money and the use of eleventh hour campaign lies. What do you think of this plan, office holders and prospective candidates? More to the point, what do you think of this plan, voters? This should be no more the fight of The Press and Standard than it is of every voter in the county who values the sacred use of the ballot to secure great men "to reign over us.' l>et us have your views? we shall be pleased to give publicity to them, whether you agree with us or not. Meanwhile we may pause to see what others are thinking of our election methods In Colleton county. The Greenwood Index-Journal says, in commenting upon our last week's editorial : "Colleton county does not have a very savory reputation in politics in other sections of t'he state. "The Press and Standard's editorial will tend to confirm this low rating. Cnfortunately there *are indications that It is not entirely alone in this sorry business of rotten politics."? Press and Standard, Walterboro. The six children of August A Lutke of Oxon Hill, Md., have been barred from the school of Prince George county, because of refusal to salute the United States flag. Lutke belongs to ? religious sect known as "Jehovah's Witnesses," -who refuse to put temporal things before God, and consider a salute to the flag an ofTense to their religion. A _ ?; ? Befs will not drink, nectar of flowers from which the petals have bean removed. 3?? and try tht mw Allen-Wales Adding Machine Hand and Electric Desk Models | H & H ADDING MACHINE SERVICE CO. I 130814 Main Street Phone 6954 Columbia, S. C. I All makes Addlna Machines, Typewriters, Checkwriters, Calcula tors? re paired, rsbullt and overhauled. Ribbons, Carbon Pacer, H 1 Adding MaOhlns Paper, Rubber Typewriter Covers, Rebuilt Typewriter*, Cheekwritere and Adding Machines. - : , i ?bulletin i?i ? S.C.GAME ?,FISH ASSOCIATION I Iftnc SlatfuxJe GoperaUoft Game, "fish A Jorest can fcMauriallu* increased for ike Benefitof An. ' 1 } WHAT 18 A 8PORTINO 8HOT? By Havilah B&bcock It 1b Important to know how far a gun can kill. It is still more important to know how far "a gun can't kill. Last year I encountered a group of bird-hunters who were bombarding a drove of doves?with number ten shots. "Getting any doves?" I asked. "No," one man replied. "But we are having a lot of tup." I wondered Whether the doves were or not. The next day the woods nearby were full of maimed and disabled birds. "Wasn't that duck you shot at a little far?" I asked a neighbor in a duck blind last year. "Yes. Really out of range. I just took a sporting shot at it." "About what chance would you have of actually killing a duck at that distance?" 1 asked. "Oh, one in ten maybe," he an-1 swered. "You mean that at such a distance yoh would probably wound nine to every one you bagged?" "Something like that,'! he said. "Then why do you call it a sporting shot?" I asked, but like Pilate, I didn't stay for an answer. To maim or disable a bird or .wild animal when the chances of bagging it are almost negligible is about the most unsporting practice a man can engage in. It is not only inconsiderate and cruel but wasteful, since wounded but unbagged game does nobody an ygood yet helps deplete the Btock. Some of the light wild-fowling loads advertised by ammunition makers as "sporting" are really Just the reverse. The real sporting load is that which carries death most surely and swiftly, leaving no injuries. The same thing is true with fishing. Within late years over-sophistiCated anglers bate made a fetish If light tackle, tackle often Incommensurate with the else and proweee of the fish angled for, with the result that many hooked fish that escape are left defenseless against their enemies, or are permitted to die of Infection, that arch-enemy of wild life as of the human race, Light tackle and light loads are fine?if they are adequate. There is ndtBfBg finer that a clean hit?unless it's a clean miss. When people begin discussing how far a gun can't shoot, it will be a lot better for game conservation. Germans Are Ready For Call Berlin, Sept. 21.?Millions of Germans between the ages of 25 and 45 ! are carrying In their vest pockets a secret order telling them exactly when and where they must report in the event of war. > This "Kriegsbeorderung," (order to take part in war), as it is headed, is causing admitted anxiety, especially among the older men who themselves experienced the horrors of the World War.' Outwardly they display enthusiasm, but in private, confidential conversations, their beliefs are .. often quite different. With Prussian exactness, the order specifies even the barracks to which the recipient is to- report, what he Is to bring with him in the way of clothing, what he is to do in case he meanwhile ^changes his residence, etc. TheSrrder is a blue sheet of paper, eight by five inches. Written crosswise on |he face of it are the words: "This order serves in lieu of a ticket on the railways to the point- where v (hutmuMemmt &tkaotolma/uj! MAT II YOURS. XymLMpA If: M Ala (Min Table Lun^ lllo.tr.i~i AhU, Now ?49S ?%1?AS? Mi Tripod Kxttm. '" """ * F?aturss; UdulaMuity. ten ?-n ?? (cool-oil). opotooo. Loot ioc pcora tod #Nfow At this surprisingly low price you cae ^arcely to let another night alip by without provif ?^fourseii* family with one or more of theae a mazing, (coal-oil) Mantle Lamp*. Imagine the fJ sHpd PWJL of having a home?your home?aa bcay _ r c^riSi ably, aa scientifically lighted aa any q * if^k?,he uae kcroaene. Evenings that are now a M onoo < ' faint yellow glow of the old style op- (JvPfTntvformed into evenings of cheer of ?or h ' / ? _.latent ment in the sunshine glow of g . %? ' ?~LiH modern white light. No expendlturad/d mean aa much in real aoUd comfort .? .'K' ^?ce. Inspect Our New?W ?* These Beautiful 1937ft to T M*?* Table Hanfin^ jWjJ??r h A Hne moie complete, snore beafe/f nor aa low in price has ever bef *' V1- * H ? 90 M ?3Sl_ every purse. t*rve year eyes a rb ? Pf'MCSf? demonstrated?and enjoy tag V &OlrB * Exquisite > New WMfMV-llte shades av^?^ flj signs and colors will add grtsllle?ffn A, H.'Id home, and you'll find thrm ia. '"jW ' > B.r|j Hsnrianms Satis White cTdgn jj? IB H , SATURDAY, OCTOB^JIffit At BARR1NGER HARL??jjBc&* CAMDEN, S. C. I ^