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Oldest Wind Mill In United States The Karris Mill from West Yarmouth on ('apt' Cod. thought to ho the oldest windmill extant In Amett<-u, has htrt-ij aracted In Greenfield Village as a sift of the Ford dealers of th<\ United States. It 1s reminiscent of the mills pictured along canals in HollAfctti and there Is reason for that, for *)? Puritans had not been long out of exile in the Netherlands when this 1AIII was built in the New World. In ('ape Cod today one does not tjee tnany windmills that once dotted that landscape, standing upon elevations to get the best breeze; many have fallen in the last three centuries. The Farrla has been erected at the southeastern end of the village, at the vertex of u triangle from which the grounds spread to northwest, or curve southward. The position of the sturdy f'llgrl mstrueture seems symbolical of Its spiritual position as a keystone of American progress and success. Three hundred years ago settlers built the mill on the north side of Cape Cod, near Handwich or Barnstable, according to authentic records. That was shortly after 1633. Atlantic winds turned the great sails of the mill, grinding the corn, which in those days was not only food, but money. There were times when a northeast gnle tore at the foundation and frame, and the miller "shortened sail," much as mariners did, off the ('ape. The sails were formed by long poles with slats fastened horizontally to them and at a pitch or angle to catch the wind. Canvas was ited over the slats and held at the proper angle, for the Hlats alone would not turn In a wind. When a gale blew, the miller climbed out on the arms and took In sotne or all of the canvas, according to its velocity. A brake on one of the gears of the sail shaft could be used to hold tlx* arms idle, while thej milbr climbed around on t h em. The mill remained on the original site until 17f?0, when It was moved to Hush River Village. After doing service there it was hauled on rollers by oxen to South Yarmouth. There is a mark of that moving on a rafter high In the mill: the Initials "T. G." and the date "i782" were carved by Thomas Greenough, an Indian halfbreed who assisted In moving the mill, and the curving is to be seen today. West Yarmouth, the last site of the mill before it was moved to Greenfield, Is between- Hyanuis and South Yarmouth. During Its latter years on the Cape It was known as the Kai ris Mill, Karris being the name of the family that owned It. Good millwrights were scarce. Often It was easier to find an old mill for a fastgrowing community and move It to the town, than to wait for a millwright to come. This accounts for the travels of the Karris Mill. A change was made In the structure when restored at Dearborn. The stone foundation is now ten feet high, instead of three feet ami six inches. This was necessary to plaee the sails far enough above ground to make it safe to walk under them. It probably was unusual in the old days Tor some careless Cape native to be bowled over by an arm turning In an otherwise peaceful breeze. ()n the first tloor, above (the Btone base, are troughs, bins, and hoppers which held the precious corn. Above this floor, two millstones rest upon heavy square beams. One stone turned upon the other, and depending up| on the speed of the wind, a quantity | of corn might be ground in ten minutes or three hours. Winding stairs lead to the top story and' into tho revolving roof, where the shaft enters upon which the arms turn. A great wooden gear, eight feet in diameter, turned on the Hhaft, and its edge wus perpendicular to a smaller gear that was on an axle, at whose other end tin* millstones turned. Opposite the point where the shaft enters the roof, a long spar is fastened, 'l'his extends to the ground. The roof was turned by this greut lever. The lower end was held up by a cartwheel. It was pulled uround by oxen, so that the sails could be turned into the wind. The spar was the tatl to the big kite. When the mill was dismantled to be moved for the last time, boards and beams were marked sq that they could he identified and properly placed In the restoration. Lowering the three and one-half-ton millstones, and lifting them into place again was not a simple task, but how much more, difficult it must have been for the Pilgrim builders! The timbers, welltrimmed with cleanly cut edges, cause one to praise the good work of those craftsmen who used only ax or adze. - ?The old nflller was a highly respected member of every community. He was not called upon for military duty, nor was he taxed?all because of his importance to the town in which he lived, and as an inducement to young men to learn the trade. Flour was not a home product, but a necessity; It had to be ground. The miller was paid a stipend, such as a shilling per bushel; or he received a "pottle," or measure of grain, for each bushel he ground. The practice of milling changed little In New England, but the story of corn itself moved westward, leaving many of the old mills Idle. The Karris Mill has moved westward too. It Htunds as a landmark to all lovers of early Aunepfcu who respect the lessons it stfll can teach. In the Village at Dearborn, visitors may stand buck and see the sails turn against a protective sky, u living monument to the early pioneer spirit. ?Ford News. Enlisting Office At Columbia The offlcer-ln-charge of Recruiting for North and South Carolina has reallocated the various counties through out South Carolina and has assigned the. varioiiM counties llnted to the cloueat Recruiting elation. Counties .jtsslgned to Florence, 8 C : Chesterfield, Marlboro, Dillon, Marlon, Horry, Georgetown, Williamsburg, Clarendon, Sumter, Is;e, Darlington, Florence, Scotland, N. (*., and Bobesou, N. C, Counties aaaigned to Columbia, 8. ii.: Abbeville, Greenwood, McOormlCk, i Fdgefield, Haluda, Newberry, FairHeld, Richland, Kershaw, Lexington, Aiken, Calhoun, Barnwell, Orangeburg ahd Bamberg. Countiea uaaigne^l to Charleston, 8. (!.: Charleston, Beaufort, Jasper, Hampton, Allendale, Collenton, Dor. Chester, and Berkley. (bounties assigned to Spartanburg, ' 8. C.: Oconee, Pickens, Greenville, ' Anderson, Laurens, Union, Spartan] burg, Chester and Cherokee. i ' Mr. and Mrs. D. J. Carrlson, Of Jack1 sonvllle, Fla., Mrs. C. Ray Smith, of Florence and Captajn and Mrs. William Ancrum, of the Naval Operutlng base at Norfolk, Va., were the week end guests of Mrs. Sumner Walte. I More Reductions I v -y i" Long Distance Rates For the seventh time in the past ten years, long distance rates have again been voluntarily reduced. j Effective September 1, the rates for both personto-person and station-to-station inter-state long distance calls were reduced to points 235 miles or more distant. The amount of the saving on calls ranges from five cents to $1.50 depending upon the distance. Also on inter-state person-to-person calls the charges for overtime after six minutes of conversation are reduced. (Overtime charges begin after three minutes conversation.) i It is estimated that these reductions ysifl save Bell telephone users $7,350,000 annually. Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Cb. IMCOBPOBATIO THE SHY OTTfH (By Walter I#. Jteeve in Our JUumb Animals) Of all our wild folk the shyett and moat difficult to observe la the otter. It Ih not a rare animal but Its baWta are such that only a skilled observed can detect and learn about them. The thrill of finding and observing the haunts and habits of the otter bt?;j a reward all Its own. It seems to Mnd one to a friendship to these solitary creatures und brings a satisfaction and a sense of protection for them that is experienced by all true nature lovers. . 'i ' The otter is not gregarious but always sravels in pairs?a male and female, with the exception of summer and early fall when the youug otters are with them. It Is thought by inuuy naturalists that otters mate for life and it is known hat an otter who has lost his mate readily shares his range with a newly mated pair My own observations on this point always bring within me a feeling of pity for an old ptter whose tracks 1 have followed. Season after season, while making his way over the ponds and streams, he would always stop and carefully search the spot where his mate had beerr caught. In the win- i ter his trail in the snow led directly to the plaCe, and he would cross and recross a dozen times before he finally left. Each pair of otters have their own miles of stream and ponds and they make, except during the breeding season, regular rounds over It throughout the year. They visit In turn each pond and lake and will travel over land with uncanny sense of direction to any isolated pond, swamp or spring-hole. (Otters usually have two or three well-hidden dens on their range, one of which is very carefully hidden and used for rearing the young. The young otters are born about the last week in April to the first week in May and range from one to four in a litter. The den, whose cuter entrance Is secreted in deep water. is lined_._wjLUu.jdrieiI leaves and grass, making a coinfortnble, warm home for the young otters. Other tunnels from the den lead to dry groqnd, through which the baby otters have their first glimpse of the outside world. Young otters must be taught to swim, and it is comical to see the antics of mother otter as she tries to induce her little ones to venture in. Finally, coaxing is given up and mother otter grasps one firmly but gently by the scruff of his neck and hoists him Into the water. While he struggles she buoys him up and ptlfches him along with her nose. By this method the young quickly learn to swim. Through the summer the family travel together, breaking up in late autumn and the young half-grown otters traveling ofT to explore and find mates of their own. The principal diet of the otter is fish but it also likes fresh water clams, frogs and any other small life found along the shores and ponds and streams. The speed of an otter through the water is' phenomenal; fast though a flsh may bp. he falls easy prey to the otter. The otter, using his tail as a rudder, can wheel and dart like a flash of light. It Is a unique creature in many ways; it has a long streamlined body, short stubby legs and powerful armed webbed feet. Its tall is very thick at the base and tapers quickly to a blunt point. Its fur, which is a combination of a soft silverly undercoat and coarse stiff black to; brown guard hairs, is grade A as to durability, all other fur ranging downward in the scale. Of great In-" terest is the fact that the jaw of the otter is solidly attached to he sliull by means of beveled hinges set into heavy sockets of bone. Otters vary in size from two to four feet in length and will weigh as high as thirty pounds. The otter will never become extinct due to the very nature of his habits and environment. I TAX NOTICE The books for the collection of State. County and School Taxes for the fiscal year commencing January J. 1936. will be open from September loth, to December 31. 1936. Inclusive without penalty. When making inquiries regarding taxes, be sure to sttate the Dfstriet Number in which you live or own property. The total tax levy for the various districts are as follows: DeKalb Township Mills District No. 1 46 District No. 2 .. .. 37% j District No. 4 . . . . 39% District No. 6 41% District No. 2 5 ..26% District No. 43 25% Buffalo Township District No. 3 39% District No. 5 33% District No. 7 32% District No. 15 ..23% District No. 20 29% District No.22 41% District No. 23 29% District No. 27 .. .. ..34%| District No 28 20% | District No. 31 31% I District No. 40 . 43% I District No. 42 23% Flat Rock Township District No. 8 .. 34% District No. 9 .34% I District No. 10 ..27% I District No. 13 26% District No. 19 .. .. .. .. .. 34% District No. 30 .. 23% District No. 33 34%, District No. 37 34% ! District No. 41 3t% District No. 46 17%' ! District No. 47 23% Waters* Township I District No. 11 26% I District No. 12 87 ; District No. 16 *6% District No. 29 29% District No. M M% ' District No. 39 28% | Yours rsspoctfully. C. OUTLAW. - ? Korsksw County, 8. C. / -?? - ' .. ~~jt MECHANIZED COTTON PICKER HAS GOOD AND BAD POINTS Memphis. Teiin., Sept. 6,r-~MacK Rust, oo Inventor of a mechanical cotton picker, Indicated today lie would demonstrate the picker in other parts ,pf the. cotton belt after government potton cooperative officials had said they believed the machine was adaptable immediately to certain section** He said he planned to demonstrate t^ho machine near Dallas, Texas, und ip southeast Missouri after further Ihsts of the picker at the dolt> experIftneiit station near StonevUie, Miss., Ityid on a farm near Clarksdale, Miss. He expressed satisfaction with tfie work of the machine at the experli meut station, but said it would have to he tested thoroughly and scientifically qnd that a few changes would have to be made before It was ready to market. Some government cotton co-operative officials believed that although the machine, was not yet perfected for immediate economical use in the Mid-South, it was adaptable in other places immediately! # 'j J. R. Frye, New Orleans, mgdager of the classing division of the A. C C. A., paid he thought the "most successful place for the machine right now would be in western Texas and Oklahoma, where they use sledding. Sledding, he explained, meant lak. ing in the whole picking?leaves, cotton and all at one time, and then cleaning it. "The machine could do it now'apd would give them a better grade ot cotton." The fwo important faults of the machine as seen by observers, were that it picked up green leaf and for elgn matter and left cotton straggling on the stalks behind it. Estimates of the quantity of cotton behind varied from only 1 per cent, up to 35 pe** per cent. To farmers this was a dollar and cents controversy. Many of the farmers who saw the machine work said they were satisfied with the machine's action and added that they believed later In the fall, when there were no leaves on the cotton stalk, it would "work much better. " Rust himself said lie believed the machine would work this fall better than it did at Stoneville because "the cotton there wasn't completely ma tured." When asked when he planned to market the pickers, he said, "Well, not just yet. We've had offers from farmers who saw the demonstration and wanted to buy the picker on the spot, but we still have further work to do on them." W. E. Ayers, in charge of the delta experiment station, reiterated his belief in the machine. He said it was as good now as the automobile was in [ 1915?"and we used to think they were pretty good then." Mrs. Summer Waite and children, after spending the summer here and at Myrtle Beach, left yesterday for New York. On the 16th of September they sail on the steamship Prince of Harding, for France, where she will join her husband, Lieut-Colonel Waite. v ? ?? . ? Official Tabulation Democratic Primary At Camdfn '< " J I ' 0f ? TT IT*?5 , . !i|li!Hillf 2~E- D?vl? 71) ?BM| M| Ml iwnniw M '* 8rolth Mi76" 32 ?> 'I * ' Mi "f!g Cotton Wtlghtr At CamcltnT O I i TT i> v M i 3 I ! ji | 11 y ^ 6 I ? I '! ? ? s * ti 5 3 s ? __ IOOUSkoeI^ ? r ?f?i ?? m?sua 2n-rrir?Tr,M A U Mc'-e?d ^HW ffl <91 2S|?! 321 311 Sjffijg Navy Recruiting For Columbia L. J. Durken, Machinist's Mate first Class, U. ?. Navy, petty officer in charge of th?s U. S. Navy Recruiting Station, ll 8. Court house bulMiug, Columbia, S. C7 has announced that the recruiting district of that station is comprised of the following fifteen counties: Kershaw, Abbeville, Greenwood, Edgefield, Saluda, Newberry. Fairfield, Richland, Lexington, Aiken, Calhoun, Barnwell, Orangeburg, McCormlck and Bamberg. Any young men residing in any of these counties | and who are interested in a Naval car ; reer are invited to apply at the above station which is open every week day from 9:06 a. m. to 4:30 p. m., excepting Saturdays when the hours are 9:00 a. m. to 1:00 p. m. Misses Gertrude and Lula Gillis visited relatives in Greer last week end. |They were accompanied home by their mother, Mrs. J. L. GJillis, who has been visiting relatives in Greer. x a Magistrate At Blanay I 1 1 | i'??p ,,? I ,H. AT Hawkins "77. |12l| 76| I 231220 A. B. Nelson .. . .|166| 18) | 62 231 Visitor Prom Charleston A. L. Geisenheimer, of Charleston, I known to his friends here as "Lexle", I has been' a recent visitor to his sis I ters in Camden. To Charleston peo? pie he is known as "Professor," he I being a member, of the faculty of the I College of Charleston. He was recu* I peratlng from a major operation per I formed in Charleston several weeks I ago and his friends are glad to know I that he is well on the road to recoy* I ery. He served for a long time as a I .reporter for the News and Courier, I one of the South's oldest dailies and I is just as popular in the City by the I Sea as he is in his own home town. H. G. Carrison, Sr. returned Wed? I nesday from a stay at Myrtle Beach. ! I ... i " * WEEKLY BULLETIN * -i , S.C.GAME CJFISH ASSOCIATION I Jfirtt Statewide (aoperation Game, jisn & J ore si can be Materiallu~ increased for iheBenefit of Jin. Fires Make Huge Inroads on Forest Fish and Qame. Fires probably destroy more forest game and fish, directly and indirectly, than guns of all the hunters and hooks of all the anglers. Thus does the United States Forest Service summarize the toll levied on wild life by forest fires, 90 per cent, of which are caused by users of the woodlands and < j are largely preventable. Reports of game experts tell of natural breeding places of birds and anl male, the nests, eggs, and even the young destroyed by fires. The -cool waters of woodland streams, in which so many game fish are found, become too warm when the, forest cover is destroyed. Trees tend to keep cool thei stratum of air overlying the water and prevent the stream bed and surrounding ground from absorbing the heat of the sun during the day. Furthermore, the lye in wood ashes dissolved in the streams destroys the aquatic life upon which the fish feed. Forest fires eventually affect the floor of lakes and streams as much as the forest floor. There is less control of run-off water when the forest cover disappears', so that water levels ri?e and fall more rapidly. Both tend to destroy the aquatic plants and smaller animals on which fish depend for food. - ' "Forests," says the Forest Service, "furnish three essentials of wildlife; food, breeding grounds and protection. Green forests mean wildlife. Forest fires mean destruction." ?wp??I??* | See and try. the new Allen-Wales Adding Machine I ! Hand and Electric Desk Models | H & H ADDING MACHINE "SERVICE CO. I I 1308V2 Main Street Phone 6954 Columbia, S. C. All makes Adding Machines, Typewriters, Checkwriters, Calcuis- H tors?repaired, rebuilt and overhauled. Ribbons, Carbon Paper, H I Adding Machine Paper, Rubber Typewriter Covers, Rebuilt Type- H ] writers, Checkwriters and Adding Machines. ft;? B GO ?B C P "!S Let Us Gin Your Cotton | We have the finest cotton; ginnery in this section of the state and an efficient I gin crew. We have been in the gin business for the past thirty-six years and last season installed a new outfit which was the most modern we could find. Farmers have been praising the splendid samples obtained from our ginnery. Good sample* [ mean better prices for your cotton. Our outfit is largo enough to enable you to a I " your cotton ginned promptly which means a lot to the farmers during the barI vest season. Your business will be appreciated and you will always receive prompt 0 T' i ' 1 and courteous service. . The Southern Cotton Oil Co.