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I NICARAGUA Nlcaraguan Boy* Robbing an Alligator'* N**t. by National Oeographto Society VfMhln/ton. D. C.>?WNU Service. PI5ACK has been promised to Nicaragua with the signing of a pact recently between the rebels who have cuused turmoil for sevirtl years, and the central govemuent. Next to peace, Nicaragua's greatest uf,is are improved means 6f transportation and communication. At present the national railway system consists of a line, some 1150 miles long, rsonlng from the principal Pacific <oast port of Corlnto, via Leon, to the cspital city, Managua, and on to Gragids and Dirlamba. A 24-ralle line Unking Lake Nicaragua with San Juan jei Sur, a few private lines, and a three-mile at earn tramway swell the republic's total railway mileage to 196 siles. In wet weather most of the roids of the country are traversable ?nly by ox cart, but some 3,000 miles g surfaced .highways have been completed or are under construction. Although Nicaragua Is the largest gate of Central America?about equal I area to New York state?Its popuhtlon is only equal to that of Pittsburgh, Pa. Three-fourths of the inhbitants live in the mountainous and ipiand western half of the country. The history of the republic Is a chronicle of the sufferings of the masses, principally of mixed Spanish and Indian descent, under kaleidoscopic changes of government. It is recorded that in one period of 10 years 396 persons in succession exercised supreme power?an average period of control of hardly more than two weeks per ruler! Among the most dramatic Incidents of Nicaragua's past was the William Walker episode, which in a measure paralleled the Maximilian tragedy in Mexico.' During five years of his tempestuous career this young American \irenturer became in turn "liberator," toal dictator, president, and a refi/sfrom Nicaragua. Twice arrested ud deported by United States forces, bwaa finally made a prisoner by an ficer of the British navy and was wrrendered to Honduran authorities, fho tried and condemned him to be Aot He was executed September 12, 1880. Twice has Nicaragua felt the punKre force of European powers?in 1875, when Germany blockaded the republic's principal ports to force the piyraent of an Indemnity of $30,000 for an alleged Insult to a German conRl, and In 1S05, when Great Britain collected $15,000 damages for the ar'wt and expulsion of one of Its conwlar officers at Blueflelds, who had ten charged by Nicaragua with con piracy against the government. Should Prosper With Peace. The United States has repeatedly sideavored to bring peace out of the N'icaragiian chaos, and United States marines were stationed in the republic Intermittently for many years. When Mean u's political parties frontua;;\ permit, or are coerced Into perm;ttthe populace to settle down k cult.-...ting tliQ country's rich halana lia.N, l or </MTec plantations, her teau g: i\t's, and her Cotton fields, flit-re is : . reason why tills largest of tot Central Ajneriean republics should tot bec< > one of the most prosperous. The agricultural wealth of Nicnrafla constitutes only a part of her nat *al res.. ;r('es. for there is a nmgnltent growth of mahogany and of othw cabinet woods In her forests, and ?r hilh are rich in gold and silver, *hile on the upland plains there is Ocellent p;isturage for thousands of tittle. The tiii st striking physical features of Nicaragua are her chain of volcnlying parallel to the Pacific sealed, and her two great lakes, Manifta and Nicaragua, the latter bethe largest sheet of fresh water ? the Americas south of Lake Michifin and north of. Lake Tltlcaca In the thlands of Bolivia and Peru. Nicaragua enjoys the ndvnntnge of Ttog almost at her door an eager tomer for all her agricultural prod*** The United States buys twofas of nil the republic's exports, and feturn the latter purchases three?orths of lier imports from us. Ikree of Nicaragua's cities have jjeQuently hnsked in the news spot* t~-Manngua. the present cApltai, Leon and Granada, each of which ? aspired to become the first clty,culariy since the devastating ^ Quake which nearly wiped out **Bagua in 1931. .jknagua has a population of apu. ma,ehv 60.000. but Its Importance "W.r political. It Is the ulslrlb . CPntof for coffee I nun the hills A- j* \*&?V yy to the south, which constitute the leading coffee section of the republic. An ancient Indian vllluge existed on the site of Managua when the Spanlards arrived. The town wsh of little Importance until 1858 when the filibustering expedition of William Walker strangely Improved its lot. The rival cities of Leon and Granada had been capitals alternately. Walker's invasion united the factions and Managua became the compromise capital. Making Managua Better. The town is laid out in squares. Except for the National palace (the Capitol building)- and the president's residence, most of the buildings Is Managua were small and low. They were constructed for the most part of a soft volcanic stone or of mud bricks (adobe). These large, crude bricks are laid in a wooden frame and are plastered inside and out These buildings were not highly Inflammable when standing and fires have been confined usually to single structures. Until recently Managua has had dirt streets?alternately dusty and muddy ?and has lacked sanitary conveniences. During the last few years a mlllion-dollar-lmprovement campaign has been carried out under the supervision of American contractors and engineers. The town has been furnished with electric lights, waterworks, sewers, and paving. Approximately onethird of the streets have been paved. There is a good sized American colony in Managua, probably several hundred civilians. A modern airport built by the United States marine forces has helped Managua to become one of the leading air terminals in Latin America. Here passengers en routs t^^r from South America must change piles. Leon and Granada are centuries-old rivals for the distinction of being Nicaragua's capital. Each city was founded in 1523, and in the succeeding two and a half centuries the seat of government alternated between them. , Leon has been second in population In Nicaragua since Managua's rise to j pow^r. Located on the railroad that connects Managua and Granada with Corinto, the country's principal seaport, Leon has enjoyed a consistent flow of trade and has become one of the transportation centers of Central America. In the fertile mountain country surrounding Leon corn, sugar cane, cattle and dairy products are the principal sources of wealth. The town itself is typical of many small cities in Latin America. Low houses of adobe, covered with red tiles, line the cobblestone streets. Leon's cathedral, started in 1010, is one of the show places of Nicaragua. The city shows the effect of numerous revolutions, but its plaza is still one of the handsomest in the country. Leon Makes' Lots of Soap. Leon's manufacturing establishments include a large soap factory, which is said to supply 80 per cent of the laundry soap used on the west nnait o. ejtntUft-faytety. lu'll luiLtltnoc works, three tanneries, and a waterpower electric light plant. Granada, the oldest, by a few months, and perhaps the wealthiest city in Nicaragua, was founded by Francisco Fernandez de Cordoba as an inland port at the western end of Lake Nicaragua. During Spanish Colonial days boats from the Caribbean sea came up the San Juan river and across Lake Nicaragua directly to the docks of Granada. While this accessibility made Granada an important trading center, it also left it a target for early pirate attacks, and It was several times sacked, but always rebuilt. Granada Is the terminus of the Pacific railroad, which connects the city with Managua, Leon, and Corinto, a distance of 171 miles. The railroad operates a small steamer on Lake Nicaragua connecting Grannda twice a week with the other towns on the lake. Granada's principal trade is in coffee, sugar cane, cattle and dairy products. It Is the smallest of the three principal cities, having only 22,000 population. Grannda has always supported the so-called "conservative" ideas in government, while Leon has favored the "liberal" side. Electrical Wind Indicator An electrical wind indicator at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington will (ell you which way the wind is blowing. This interesting little gadget Is connected above the building with an anemometer and a wind vane. By pressing on a button lights flicker Indicating the velocity of the wind and the direction the wind Is blowing.?Pathfinder Magazine. ^ ~ V "V- c * - ' ' - * | Sketch Of Career | | Col. I^eroy Springs j W, P. Jacobs of Clinton is the uuthor of u book just off the press ontitled "The Pioneer" in which tin account of the life of Captain Kllison Adger Hinyth is given together with a sketch of other prominent cotton mill executives of this state. While the book dculs largely with the life of Cuptuin Suiyth it tells of the development of the cotton mill industry in this state. One chapter is devoted to Colonel L?*roy Springs and Ills remarks concerning Mr. Springs ure as follow: j Colonel Leroy Springs, one of the foremost pioneers in the cotton manufacturing Held, and equally us prominent in the banking, cotton oil, rail-' road, and insurance iields, was for many years perhups the industry's busiest executive. j He wus possessed with an unusual determination, which enuhled him to successfully carry through his avowed intention of forcing each enterprise into which he entered into successful operation. It can be said to the Credit of Colonel Springs that he probably enjoyed more business success than most other prominent business men of the South. Anyone i-can start an enterprise, but it takes hard work, self sacrifice, determination, common sense, and u never-giveup spirit to succeed us signally as did Colonel Springs. j He was born on Springfield Plantation, near Fort Mill, on November 12, 1861, the son of A. Baxter and Julia Blandina (Baxter) Springs. His father was educated at law, but also farmed on an extensive scale; was president of a railroad; was director of two. other railroads, and extensively interested in banking as well. His father was also state senator, and a member of the South Carolina t Convention which formed the ordinance of Secession. The ancestors of Leroy Springs came to this country from Holland and settled in New York in 1700, Leroy Springs was a student at the | University of North Carolina from j 1878 to 1880. -He married Grace Allison, daughter of Samuel 10. White of Fort Mill, on December 28, 1892, whb died in 1907. He was married a second time to-Lena Jones, daughter of T. M. Jones of Pulaski, Tenn., on November 29, 1913. Iveaving the University, Colonel Springs entered the mercantile business: and became a salesman for the firm of Springs and Burwell, wholesale grocers, of | Charlotte, N. C., in 1880, and there began a long, successful and most useful business career. The wide diversity of his interests; the great number of successful enterprises which he founded and headed, offer an unusual record. How one man could so successfully found and operate so many varied interests is easily a mystery to the average man, but Colonel Springs possessed unus-i uul business ability und keen Judg- | went which enabled him to enjoy exceptional accomplishments. \ lie founded I^oroy Springs und Company, wholesale and retail mer- j chandiso In Lancaster, S. t\, in 1 s84; j later operated us the Lancaster Mer-j cantile Company. He was president of this company for sixteen years. j He organized the firm of Springs and ' Shannon at Camden, S. C., in 1X85; ; the Kershaw Mercantile und Hunkiug j (Company in 1888, ut Kershaw, S, C.; the Heath Springs Hanking und Mercantile Company at Heath Springs, S. C? in 1889; the Hunk of Lancaster, S. C., in 1889; the Hank of Kershaw, in Kershaw, S. C? in 1904.. He organized lite Luncaster Cotton Mills, uue of the largest In the South, in 1890 at Lancaster, S. C.; the Kureka Cotton Mills and the Sprlngstein Mills at Chester, S. C., in 1899, tlie Kershaw Cotton Mills at Kershaw, S. C., in 1913. He reorganized the two mills of the Fort Mill Manufacturing Comapny. Fort Mill, S. C., in 1904, They were built in 1884 and 1889 respectively. In 1928 Colonel Springs was the president of seven cotton mill companies, president of the Hunk of luncaster, the Lancaster and Chester Railway, the Landsford . Water und Power Company of Lancaster; Vice President of the Hunk of Kershaw, S. CV, Director of the Catawba Fertilizer Company, the l^uneaster Cotton Oil Company, First National Hank of Camden, National Exchange Hank of KerBhuw, Savings Hank of Fort Mill, the Southern Home Fire Insurance Company of Charleston, the Prudential Fire Insurance Company of Greenville. Trustee of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York; Director of the American Trust Company of Charlotte; Vice President of the Columbia, S. C., National Hank. He was director of the Charleston, Columbia and Augusta Railway at the time it was merged with the Southern Railway. Colonel Springs was a member of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, member of the American Manufacturers Association, of the American Hankers Association, of the South Carolina Hankers, of the N. E. Manufacturers Association, of the New York and New Orleans Cotton Exchange, of the Southern Manufacturers Club of Charlotte, and of the Cotton Manufacturers Association of South Carolina, of which for a time he was vice president. He served as Colonel on the staff of Coventor John P. Richardson from 1886 until 1890. He was Chairman of tlie Hoard of Trustees of the Lancaster Graded Schools for a period. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention four successive times up to 1920, and a delegate-atlarge in 1924. He was actively interested In many other enterprises. Indeed, the enterprise and energy of Colonel Springs was most out standing- ^< the time of hie death, In 19111, ho was probably officially vpnnected with more separate corporations than any one business mun thut the elate of South Carolina bus produced. Few men ever enjoyed such Kreal success; few South Carolinians ever occupied such a prominent position of leadership as did Lcroy Springs. He believed that busines success should be founded on sound ideals, on good habits, strict attention to business responsibilities, good associates, strict integrity, honest dealing, and t hot setting of business persistently beforh pleasure. Colonel Springs a Presbyterian and u Democrat, and one of South Curo Una's greatest benefactors. His contributions, iiuancially and otherwise, to the development of commerce, industry, finance, agriculture, religion and education in the state were enormous. To Colonel Springs should go the lion's sharo of the credit for much' of the progress in these fields which South Carollnu has made during tho last half century. The mills which Colonel Springs founded, and many of his other Interests are, since his death, under the capable management of his son and successor, Captain Klliot Whtto Springs. Captain Springs Is already,' following in his father's footsteps, a successful manufacturer In his own right. He was one of America's greatest aceH during the World Wur, and is also a writer of note. j Heart Disease Takes Heavy Toll New York, July 29.?Out of a total of 20,570 people who died in New York the llrst three months of this year, only eight died of "old age" the department of health reported tonight. A partial list follows: Heart disease f*,581; cancer 2,419; pneumonia 2,185; tuberculosis 1,032; suicide 287; auto accidents 225; syphilis 189; homicides 109; old age 8. Agriculture "Imagine the indignity of being a cornstalk and having your ears pulled by a farmer!" "But think of the discomfort of a potato, wltli its eyes full of dirt." Squirrels are being charged with gnawing lead telephone cables at Monroe, Ga., and doing damage to the 1 extent of $1,000. I After 45 Years of Service ?? I am beginning to serve the 5th generation. In celebration of this I will give Friday and Saturday, August 2nd and 3rd HAIR CUT, SHAVE and TONIC FOR 50 CENTS I Old and New Friends Invited I EUREKA BARBER SHOP I. B. ENGLISH, Proprietor j Two Murderers Die In Electric Chair Columbia, July lit).?Two negroes, one a youth ami the other an old man, were electrocuted for murder today at the South Carolina penitentiary. The double execution took approximately half an hour although there wus a delay when one of the wltnessea fainted and ho vera 1 othorH left the death chamber. Hansome Emanuel, 66, waa electrocuted shortly after 6 a. m. for futally assaulting u 91-year-old white womun of Florence county. Monroe Stewart, 22-year-old Calhoun county negro, paid the penalty u few minutes later for killing Ed Huynes, a St. Matthews pool room operator. Emanuel told the Uev. 8. K. Phillips, penitentiary chaplain, that "I was drunk and don't know what happened" In the Florence case, reiterating that he did not remember attacking the woman. He said he had dreamed laBt night of the hearse carrying his body to the grave. He was pronounced dead three minutes after the current struck him. Stewart, who had confessed his crime, followed the older negro neri vously to the death chair. Sobbing, he turned to three young Calhoun county uegrooB who were nmong the witnesses with u warning to "stay out of bad company." "Lord Jesus, have mercy on my bouI," he shouted as the current struck him. Ur L. li. Jennings, the prison physician, said Stewart's heart action and pulse were absolutely halted by the electricity, whore ordinarily the shock stimulates the heart for some seconds after death. He was pronounced dead In two minutes, 23 seconds, in all. Sam Cannon, state electrician for the paBt 17 years, said the incident was the first he could recall in which the heart had been Instantly stilled. It was attributed to Stewart's nervousness upon entering the chair. Witnesses from Florence and Calhoun counties attended the electrocutions. The first native president of the Phillippines will bo inaugurated November 15. Thess Hudsons Go On and On BEATING THE BEST THAT OTHER CARS CAN DO "/ told you w'd got harm ahaad of tho othors .. Every record in its class... up to and including 1000 miles ... broken by a Hudson stock sedan at Muroc Lake, California, in April! A total of 36 new official records in a single continuous run! What a test of ruggedness and endurance! An average of 20.1 miles per gallon of gasoline by big, power ful Hudson Eight sedans, in recent nation-wide economy runs! Safety stopping records beaten in public demonstrations from coast to coast?by Hudson's policetested Rotary-Equalized brakes! The complete protection of America's first bodies all of steel. This is only part of the proof of ruggedness, safety, performance and economy that can't be matched anywhere else at Hudson prices. Proof that any dealer will be glad to give you. Enjoy a ride today ... and ask the nearest dealer to explain the convenient Hvtfeoe financing plan 1 HUDSON I 11 III II III 11 - 69 V i and op for Hudson Sis . , . HodaooF.ifht / >v$760 and u?. Terraplmnc SSHS and V'1 . nHjTnccii.o.o. Lsccrou ^ closed models. HUDSEX MOTOR CAR COMPANY, CAMDEN, S. C. ... ? ...... 9 - . . 9 ........ See the New IN4mm Cwhy CNb Seta?124' Wheeftase?113 or 124 VL P.?$SS0 f. o. h. Detroit Here iosNo hody leefth hy SVfr to 7 Nchee thai ttimt cootNj $184 to $375 ta? -