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^T.T.'l^^prnrn'i G-oId In History .. - V ? ... J Gold Dlggara of 8outh Africa In Playtlma. I Prei>Hrod |?y Nutlotial OeoKraphto Society. Washington. p. Q.?WNU Sorvloo. GOLD standards, ?oltl shipments, gold rushes, gold values, uses of gold, and myriad other references to gold have kept the yellow metal before tho public eye in recent months. Gold coins brought from the wreck by ltoblnson Crusoe were worthless to him. On h,ls Island, nobody was in sight from whom he might buy. Hut when Crusoe was rescued and could mingle again with other men, then his gold would buy anything be wanted. What a simple lesson In the power of gold 1 Lust for gold, and tho power It wields, recast Old world geography In the plundering raids of Alexander tho Great. It brought changes to Europe's map In the Punic wars, and In the campaigns of Marlus, Pompey, Paulus Aeinlllus, and Julius Cftesar. Leaping the Atlantic in the wake of Columbus, It was again the gold fevor which led the conquering hordes on those long explorations which not only wrecked and robbed the Aztec and lava empires and slew or enslaved whole tribes of Indians, but laid the first Hues of what Is now the map of the western hemisphere. Yet a third geographic chapter In mun's world wide gold quest dawned when the trail wove back and forth across the Pacific, from California to Australia, back to Alaska, then away oft to Sduth Africa. Always, on the cultural map, tho goldseeker left his mark. Consider California. The Forty-niners' rush to its rich placers started that western raigratloajvhlch was to build railways and new' cities, found Industries, and cover the West with farms, sawmills, and schoolhouses. Gold strikes, in the same way, swelled the human tide to Australia and hastened Its settlement and growth. When gold mines of fabulous wealth opened In South Africa, they put the Dark continent in the world's eye and led, indirectly, to the Boer war. Cripple Creek, the Klondike, northern Ontario, now the greatest gold area In the western world, all have had their profound effects on human progress. Gold Is Not Static. ( When gold was used merely as personal adornment, In plate, or In the decorative arts, It swuyed the destiny only of those who possessed It, as In Peru and Mexico, or when Home paid - chariot londs of it' to the barbarians to save herself from being sacked. But whe n gold came Into wide use as money, to measure wages, prices, and the cost of living In all nations, then It began to Influence the whole world. TarifTs, the gold standard, foreign exchange And - debts, arbitrage?gold brings them all Into the picture of In- _ ternaiional relations. You think of all this when you walk through the United States mint lu Philadelphia and see. the shiny new gold coins come tumbling out; or when I you explore the vast, silent vnults of the Federal Iteserve bank In lower | New York elt-yr sunk far below the Hudson river level, with their stacks of gold bars and bags of coin worth billions. High above you, In the busy street, armored trucks and armed | guards come and go with still more gold, tho gold that is forever crossing and re-crossinfPthe oceans, the gold of Paris and I/ondon, of Tokyo, and Buenos Ay res. For gold is never static; Incessantly it changes form and place, and yet endures. Look at your own gold watch and think. Some of its gold particles might conceivably have come even from the gold of Solomon's temple; from an old treasure ship plundered by buccaneers of the Spanish Main; or, again, from new gold mined only last year In Arizona. Look at the motley heaps of secondhand gold Jewelry in any pawnshop window. Visit one of the great factories In New England or around Manhattan, where costume and other Jewelry Is turned out by the carload, and you see again why Industry uses so much of all gold produced, or consider the fortunes in gold leaf laid on j tho crosses and domes of churches, such as St.f Paul's cathedra! In Lon- { don. the ui/sques of Meshed anjl An ' Nalai? siicn structures as the Wool- \ worth and American Radiator buildings In New York, or the fortunes In gold worked up every year In the dentnl and sign painting trades. Half Used In Industry. Only nhout half of the world's gold production since the discovery of America can now he definitely located, . says tho director of, the United States mini. Sim c l wmdd has mined more than S'Jj.fKg'f'twKK). as officially reported. Of this. about 80 per cent was produced since 1800. , But today, the world's nations hold, 1 . ? . % r > >VV /- ' as monetary gold'stock, only about $11,040,000,000. What, you ask, has becoiuo of tho rest of it? Where are tho missing ten billions or more? It went, much of It, Jfist as in olden times, into ornaments. In 1031, for Instance, of, roughly, $49,000,000 of gold mined in the United States nlono, about $29,000,000 was consumed in Industry. To understand gold's place in the world today and how it affects our well-being, one mus;t first swiftly trace its use through other times. Europe's gold when Columbus first sailed westward amounted to less than some present-dfty family fortunes. Part of this Europe had mined, part bhe had plundered from other lands. Cadmus, n Phoenician, opened a gold mine In TUVnso about 1504 B. C., and "carried thither the alphabet and other germs of civilization." Jason, on his piratical gold quest to Argos In 1268 B. C.. gave the name Argonauts to gold-seekers. Croesus gained wealth from ancient placer mines of Smyrna; so did Midas of tho legendary golden touch, who turned his own daughter into gold. Darius of Persia looted Asia Minor, Greece, and Egypt, and levied gold and silver tribute. Part of this Alexander retrieved when he In turn plundered Babylon aud other lands of enormous sums. Holes dug by Harun-al-Rashld when he worked the gold veins of what now Is Hejaz were recently seen. Dlodorus tells In dramatic detail how naked slaves, with candles tied on top of their heads, worked the hot tunnels of Egyptian gold mines in the cruel days of the Pharaohs. Some of early Europe's gold came from Siberia. Gmelin, the German traveler, says the tunnels were so smnll-tbat?ttrerr had to crawl on their bellies to get at the quartz, from which they picked gold filaments with tools pointed with hoars' fangs. Egyptian kings worked their gold mines with slaves, and Carthage not only enslaved people In what is now Spain, but also brought hordes of African Slaves to help work those mines. From the Imperial Roman era to Columbus, Europe's limited gold production forced nations to war and pillage. India Hoards Gold. India, In time, became the world's greatest gold hoarder. "The treasure sink of the world," ehe has been called. Just how much gold Is still hidden In the secret vaults of her princes, nobody knows; from 1873 to 1030, however, the records show that India imported about $2,800,000,000 in gold. t Even after America was discovered, Europe, though her own gold supply was Increased, continued to obtain less by mining than by conquest and plunder. Cortcz and IMznrro robbed In the New world as Sclplo and Alexander had done in tho Old. Few books record the fact, yet Japan In the Seventeenth century supplied Europe with nn important stock _ of gold. The~Portuguese and Dutch managed this, beginning generations before the American Commodore Perry opened Japan's ports to world trade. Fernao Mendes Pinto, a pirate from the Portuguese colony at Ningpo, China, was driven upon the Japanese ; coast during a storm In 1515. When he returned to Ningpo with tales of much gold In Japan, other Portuguese fitted out ships and began trading. i Though Japan then coined no gold as money, her people amassed It as wealth and traded it freely for weapons, drugs, and dross stuffs brought by the j Portuguese and later the Dutch. \\ hen ( the stock began to wane, the Porta-, guese hatched a plot to overthrow tho Shogun, and to work the mines with , ] enslaved natives; this project led final- ( ly to their expulsion. The Portuguese, however, had actually contrived to have the mines worked, and thus secured treasure which was shipped to Europe. Nothing stirs man's Imagination more than tales of huge nuggets. Small ones have appeared In the craws of chickens and turkeys; children at play have found others. A fourteen- ; year old California hoy named Perkins, , playing with a toy water wheel In a Calaveras county creek, picked up a j nugget worth $1,800. Near Dutch Flat, in the same state, an old miner. Dan Hill, stooped to wash his hands In a brook and s?w In the water a chunk of gold as hig as his head. He got *12.300 for It. North Carolina docs not come to mind first as a gold state. Yet records In the United States mint show that It mined gold as early as 1793. From Its old Reed mine. In Cabarrus county, came a veritable stream of nuggets that ranged from bean-size up to gold chunks of 28 pounds. i . ; ? AMUSEMENT PARKS LURE MANY PEOPLE America and Europe Delight in Roller Coasters. Washington. Merry gorounds, roll or cCmslth'S,' villi udTjs, ferrls wheels, I>o|? corn stands, nn.il swimming pools ure In store for Ethiopia (Abyssinia), In tho heart of northonstorn Airlca. So delighted was a prlnco of tho royal honso of Ethiopia with tho thrills afforded by a Now Jersey amusement park (luring his recent visit to this country, that ho announced his decision to build a similar playground In his native land. "Amusement parks, In one form or another, have long enlivened the out*^ skirts of great metropolitan centers In both Europe and America, and tho sale of amusement devices, confections, and souvenirs has boon an Important. Item of trade," pays a bulletin fromtho National (ieographlc society. Coney Island Most Noted. "During tho latter part of tho last century and early In this century, amusement parks sprang up nil over tho United States. Nearly all of them wero reproductions, big and small,, of Coney Island. Today, practically every large elty In this country has a ferrlswheel-land where tlnills are built to order and frivolity Is king. "Coney, a small Island In the fctorough of Brooklyn, about flye miles long and from one-half' to three quarters of a mile wide, ts the most famous amusement resort In the United States. Tho Island, at tho entrance to Now York hay, was one of the first landing places of the early Dutch explorers of New Amsterdam. "Steamboats began making trips to Coney Island's beach from Manhattan In 18-10, the stohm railroad In 187.1, and. since tho city's subway system and modern -highways were extended from the heart of New York city to the seashore, Coney Island has become tho world's busiest resort. As many as a million merrymakers, equiv-. alent to the entire population of a city the size of Home, Italy, have thronged Coney on a single summer's day. Most of them come to swim or to walk tho boardwalk, hut hundreds of thousands patronize the various amusement booths and concessions. "Other hundreds'of thousands of New Yorkers in search of pleasure go to Rye Reach on the found, and to Palisade park whose amusement devices flash their myriad lights across the Hudson from the New Jersey shore. Chicago Fair's Midway. "Washingtonians are not surprised when diplomats and government clerks join the nightly throngs at Clen Echo, the glittering realm of escape for the nation's Capital. Raltlrnoro has Its Carlln's Park. Philadelphia Its Willow C.rovo. while busy Pittsburghors manage time for a Jaunt to near-by Kennywood pnrk or to Westvlcw. "Chleagoans, In addition to their other popular attractions, this year have had the Century of Progress midway/ with two of the most exciting roller coasters ever built. St. Louis has several amusement parks, one of them being Forest Park Highlands. J "In the far We/it, Ocean beach in Snn FYnnclsco dispels tho occasional gloom of sunny California, and Venice and Ocean park render the same service for teeming Los Angeles. "Paris and Berlin both have their Luna parks, where circuses, shooting galleries and sideshows demonstrate their perennial appeal. Viennese plebeian ltfo relies on the Volksprater for its happiness. London's Kursaal, at Southend-on-Sea. Is a cockney paradise, and gives many types of recreation to tired Londoners in search of a holiday. In Moscow, the Park of Culture and Rest draws dally throngs. "The Tivoli in Copenhagen Is one of the most historic nmusement parks In Europe. Thiolstate within a state,' with itjr"mid-clt.v location, entertains from a million and a half to two million pleasure seekers a season. It was (lr. t opened In 184.1. and has been constantly changed and modernized since that time. Resides the usual midway attractions it offors splendid musical programs to Its visitors, excellent dramatic entertainment, and renowned eating places." Leads in Feldspar Charlotte, N. C.?The North Carolina feldspar Industry Is now in a better condition than at any time since 1028, according to H. J. Rryson. state geologist. North Carolina leads the nation In the production of the mineral. Black Hills Yield Ancient Writings Bridgeport, Neb.?In search of nrehoologlcal data which It Is believed will prove that civilization svas in flower here as much as 20,ooo years ago. a party is excavating sites of ancient villages near here and Oshkosh. The party plans to continue Its excavations In the Black Ilills regions In South Dakota where sign writing has been discovered on canyon walls. Itay R. (.'olton, newspaper man who was with E. B. Henna!, pro ? feasor of anthropology at Denver-* ~ university, In the South DtrtUileT" area, believes the sign writing In the Bed CtyDJOD of South Dakota Is almost Identical with writing uncovered at Chlchen Itxa, Tulatan, and at Uxmal, Mexico. -v mm> ^ ^ SCIENCE'S MARTYRS MAKE UP LONG ROLL ' w j Not All Great Heroes Made on Battlefield. Washington.?Throe scientists In the medtvnt forces seeking to *o1ve the mystery of sleeping sickness have sub mltttMl to bitefs from mosquitoes which previously had hi (top victims of this exotic malady. Their purpose Is to determine whether Insects carry the Infection. Of the particular soft of peril to which these unknown men are sub Jeotlng themselves at St. Louis, where sleeping sickness has caused about ninety deaths, the classic modern examples ure those of Lather Pumloti, who went among the leperto, and the doctors who offered themselves for the experiments In (Tuba to Had a way to control yellow fevyr. No lllppocratlc oath was Involved; no soldierly obligation. The army had released Cuba ' from W^erlsm and was aiding It to set up'as a republic. Yellow fever broke out. Surgeon General Stembury, U. S. A., ordered a commission of American olllccrs to Investigate. Dr. Walter ltecd, major In the Medical corps, headed It; other commissioned niomhers were Dr. Jauies Carroll, years before u private; Dr. 'jesse William La/.enr and a Cuban. Dr. Aristide Agramonte. Doctor La/.ear, a Italtlmorean, died from the test. Yellow Fever Fight. As early as 1848, Dr. J. C. Nott of ! Tulaoe university stated the hypo- J thesis that yellow fever was trans i mitted by an Insect, In* 1881 Dr. Car- j los Klulay of Havana accused specifically the mosquito. Wit the guilt of the mosquito 'had not been proved/ J First to submit to bites In the army j Investigation was Doctor Carroll, lie was severely stricken with yellow fover, but recovered. Doctor Lazear applied to blinself the mosquitoes that had Infected Doctor Carroll. v No results. One day a mosquito lit on his hand. He let It do Its work. Five days later he wu.8 seized with yellow fever. < It raged through his system and In ten days he vVas dead. Iteed had been to Washington to report nnd returned after this death to obtain further confirmation that the mosquito, stagomylu fascinta, was the transmission agent. Privates John J. Moron nnd John H. Kissinger volunteered. They had enlisted to fight for the Stars and Stripes; now the "black vomit" was at tat king their comrades and had killed Doctor Lnzear. Said ! Major Heed: "Gentlemen, I sulute you." They were Isolated. Kissinger was bitten by five mosquitoes and developed a typical case of yellow fever. He recovered. Mornn and others went through the same ordeal; all survived. From Cuba to Panama. What the commission and its volunteer subjects hud learned ' fulfilled the task assigned. As a result of measures erffbrced thereafter throughout Cuba by Gen. Leonard Wood nnd Mnj. William Gorgas. not a single case appeared there In 11)02. Gorgas took the knowledge gained to Panama, and while the canal was being constructed, banished the age-Jong tropic agony nnd left the Canal Zone a health resort. The frightful epidemics which had decimated cities became things .of the past. Kxploration, struggles for liberty, religious persecution, industrial processes, aviation developments and the practice of healing, all have had martyrs.. but the martyrs of medical experiment sre of another category.- In the 17U8--epidemic of yellow fever In New York sixteen out of the forty physicians then listed lost their lives, "martyrs to their calling." It was In the course of practice. The three volunteers in the sleeping sickness experiment. outside the line of professional duty, are taking a double risk. If they get the disease, they can ex poet no relief?there is no known cure. Boys Outnumber Girls in Pennsylvania Schools Harrlshurg, Pa.?Although there are hut 4,000 more hoys than girls of school age In Pennsylvania, census figures showed that 42.(KM) more boys than girls are enrolled In public schools. The boys outnumbered the girls In every grade but the eighth nnd the last year of high school. The superintendent of public Instruction said records revealed that more girls than hoys between the ages of fourteen nnd sixteen years leave sqhool to work, and that more boys than girls are over age for the grades In which they are enrolled According to statistics, boys start with a lead of nearly lO.lMKJ over girls in the first grnde. This lead tapers down until It Is hist by n few hundred in the eighth grade. It Is rc*gained by more than 3,000 In the ninth grade and lost by a thousand In the twelfth. Ultra Violet Rays Rid Photos of Eye Squint Fast Pittsburgh, Pa. ? Unnatural squinting, sometimes caused In por traits by Intense illumination, may be eliminated by the use of ultra-violet rays In photography. A bulb of black glass which filters out all light rays except the 4nvisihle ultra-violet rays has been developed J>y NVestlnghouse F.lectrlc and Manufacturing company. By the use of the bulb It Is jmsslble to take photographs In the dark or with so little illumination that no eye discomfort would be felt. m . ? . . ' . ' Livestock Ideas For January Suggested ! Olemson College, Dec. 80..? To ' start the new year right with liver l stock extension livestock men suggest these ideas for January: Animal Husbandry.- (Jive the ewes ample legume 'hay, shelter and bedding from rain. Treat for worms sheep that are thin and do not respond to good feeding. Double-treat for cholera all hogs to be carried until spring. Provide hogs winter shelter and liberal bedding. See that the hogs have green feeds barley, rye, oats or rape. Winter breeding beef cattle on cheap roughages, with enough cottonseed meal to pfevent weight loss. Feed horses and mules roughage liberally and just enough to keep them thrifty, Dairying.?Make inventory of livestock, feed and equipment. Decide now whether yo.u. will have silage next fall ami plan for its production. Analyze herd records and decide where you can improve in management and feeding. Repair pasture fences, clean out undergrowth and stop washes in pasture.-;. Start the New Year right by keeping daily milk and feed records on each cow. Poultry.?Mate breeders for hatching eggs. Make special breeding pen of best hens and pedigreed male to produce cockerels for next year's matings. Provide breeders with green range. Get ready for baby chicks. Agronomy.?be sure your planting seed for. 1934 will produce staple at least one inch in length. If sulficient grain was not planted during full to meet farm needs, plant this month, weather permitting. Clean up hedge rows and wood patches between fields. Horticulture.?Prepare hotbeds and cold frames for cabbage, tomato, pepper, etc. . Plant English peas, if soil is in condition. Prepare land for Irish potatoes and order certified seed. Prune fruit-trees preparatory" to spraying with lime-sulphur. Plant fruit trees at once, if soil is in condition. Agricultural Engineering.?Plan to lower production costs in 1984 by more efficient use of labor, power and machinery. Arrange sheds and farm shop for better care of equipment. Make more efficient use of land and machinery by rearranging fields, removing stumps, constructing terraces, etc. If possible include more fencing in the 1934 program. Insects and Diseases. ? Continue cleaning orchards to destroy fallen fruit and limbs. Prune grapes to remove and burn disease-harboring vines. Plan to treat tobacco seed before sowing. Clean up trash about edges of fields and gardens to kill hibernating ' insects. Do not burn woods to ..control insects. Put spraying outfit in order for dormant spray for San Jose scale and diseases. Fumigate with carbon disulphide to save grain, peas and beans. Otto J. Bambach, of Rogers, Ark., after making four unsuccessful attempts to take his own life, finally > succeeded on his fifth try by inhaling monoxide gas. The operation on the Texas baby, carried from Houston, Texas, to Baltimore by airplane, for a brain disease, is reported as being a successful one. Three men are under bond at Sylva, N. C., charged with kidnaping a school teacher and carrying him ncross the mountains of North Carolina and into Georgia. ANNUAL MRKTINC The regular annua* meeting of the Stockholders of the Camden Loan and Realty Company, Camden, S. C., will be hold on Tuesday af in >??n, January 0, 1934, in the Luc ira room of'the First National licn.< at 5 o'clockS. W, Van LA NIHNG1J AM. 39-41 sb Secretary STUCK HOLDERS MtiKTING Tiic regular annual meeting he Stockholders of the First N t o ml Bank of ("amden, S. will b Id Tuesday afternoon, January 9. )4, in the Directors room at I o'c o . S. W. VanLANDlNGH v V .39-4 lsb 1 Seere? y Notice of Meeting of Stock''o' ?ra for Dissolution of Charter C P. DuHose and Company,'In ' ! Notice is hereby given that on the 0th day of January, 1934, a mc rig of the stockholders of the'above ra ned corporation will bo> hold in the office of the said corporation, in he Crocker building, Camden, S. C. for the'purpose of voting upon ti e dissolution of the charter under w oh said corporation is now being operatedi C. P. DuBOSE, Pre^iden Camden, C., December 7. 1!! : Notice of Shareholders' Meeting The annual meetifig of shareholders of tho Enterprise Building Loan Association will he held at the off e, 953 Broad street, at ten o'clock a. m;V" Thursday, January 11th, 1934. Shareholders unable to attend arc urgently requested to leave their proxies with the President, W. R. L" Zemp, or the Secretary. J. B, Wallace, Secretary. TAXR1ETIJ RNS Office of Auditor Kershaw County, Camden, S. C., December 15, 1933 Notice is hereby given that the Auditor's Office will be open for re eiving Tax Returns from January 1st, 1934, to March 1st, J 934. All persons owning real estate or personal property must make returns of the same within said period, as required by law, or he subject to a penalty of 10 per cent. The Auditor will attend in person or by deputy at the following places in the county on the dates indicated for receiving returns; Ira Ellis Store?January 5th. Kershaw?January 9th and 10th. Bethune?January 11th and 12th. Liberty Hill?January 16th. ' \ Blaney?Jnnuary 17th nnd 18th, Ralcy's Mill?January 19th. Wcstv-ille?January 25th. , Rabon's Cross Roads?January 24. All persons between the ages of 21 ? and 60 years, inclusive, are required to pay a poll tax, and all persons between the ages of 21 and 50 years, Inclusive, are required to pay a Road tax, unless excused by law. All Trustees, Guardians, Executors, Ad. mini8trators or Agents holding property in charge must return same. Parties sending tax returns by mail must make oath to same before some officer and fill out the same in pro- .-1 per manner or they will be rejected. B. E. SPARROW, Auditor Kershaw County SPECIAL TAX NOTICE ... U An Act was passed at last session of Legislature allowing taxpayers in , this county ten (10) years to pay their 1932 and back taxes in instnl- . nents of one-tenth each year provided they pay current year's taxes ea- h year before books close March 15 of each year. This applies to real estate and personal property only when listed with real estate. Personal property taxes are in hands of She'.flf - , ^ for collection as heretofore. Yours respectfully, s. w\ hogue, Treasurer Kershaw Courty. 6 66 2 Liquid, Tablets, Salve, Nose Drops Checks Malaria in 3 days, Colds first day, Headaches or Neuralgia in 30 minutes. FINE LAXATIVE AND TONIC t Most Speedy Remedies Known REAL ESTATE * RENTS COLLECTED, FARM AND CITY PROPERTY b HUNTING PRESERVES Repairing and Care-Taking of Property ALL FORMS OF INSURANCE DeKALB INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE CO. | Crocker Building ? Telephone 7 " 556E63HfiiHBK5BB5i5Kiw*eeeee*e**we ieeeeeeeeBieeeehiee*****eee*eee*r ^ The World's Most Interesting Magazine EVERY WEEK FROM WASHINGTON The Most Important Place in the World Local news?you get it in your favorite home paper. But you cannot he equally well informed on national and <Vorlu alTairs without Pathfinder. Think of all that is goirig on I New industrial developments! The all-important agricultural situation! Acts of Congress! Governmental orders and a thousand other things! 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