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; mi ' WESTERN STATES IN FIGHT OVER RIGHTS ?v. Amwnfr. * Boundaries, Whter and Oil Cause of Disputes. Denv#r,?~Tho atHtua of disputes among western stolen surrounding and including Colorado has ,lot quite reached the p</tnt where It may he aald that all l?viul'et <?U the western front. The quarrels renter around such widely divergent things as water rights, boundaries, truck Hocuses and oil v- < ..I, A parley among Colorado, Nebraska and Wyoming over allocation of waters of the North Platte river ad Jour lied here recently In a deadlock. With each state standing pat for what It considered Its rights. F.nch state wants n?oro water for new power and Irrigation projects. Colorado Mfcmia to Borrow. Nebraska's claim 'to Platte river waters conies under the general heading, "tlrst come, tlrst served." 'I'h.e corn und sugar beet growing state lias received some court support to Its contention that states nearer the headwaters of tlie river cannot deprive Nebraska of water after It already had developed Irrigation projects. Colorado wants to borrow some water from tho North Platte near the s'Surcc. wtolch is In Colorado, then pay It back later, meaning down the river farther, to Wyoming and Nebraska. After starting la Colorado, the North Platto winds through Wyoming and that stnte wants its share for a big power and Irrigation project near Casper. Nebraska also wants to expand Its uso of North Platte water by building n power and Irrigation project near North Platte, Neb. A satisfactory settlement of this tangle appears dlllleult. Boundary Dispute. Colorado and New Mexico still have a boundary dispute Inherited from pioneer times. Cov, Kdwtb G. Johnson of Colorado gave economy ns a reason for refusing to penult an appropriation to eompietoon survey wlilcl. would, perhaps, make it clear to some residents along the Colorado New Mexico border Just where they stood. Fort Morgan, Colo., and, ScottsblutT. Neb,, were hot spots earlier this year In tho Nebraska-Colorado truck license w^ir. Arrests were made at both places of truckers of the other stivte who did not carry licenses of both states. Peace was declared when Colorado passed rt reciprocal truck license law to conform with Nebraska s. The difficulty over all developed after Governor Johnson, of Colorado, assured .Gov. Leslie A. Miller bis state i would use Wyoming oil; In preference j to all other, for improving its road*. | The Slnndanl~Oil Company of California, however, claimed it ottered oil to Colorado cheaper than Wyoming oil could be obtained. Wyoming believes that Colorado should prove its loyalty to its sister stale by using its prod nets. Colorndoans are divided on that question. Oklahoma Well Still Produces Pure Vaseline Lamar. < >kla.?A freak oil well which came in ten years ago as a producer of Almost pure vaseline Is still pumping the heavy golden substance and paying its u\vn handsome returns today. Perhaps, the only well of its kind in the world, tjio well is a marvel to veteran oil men, both as to the oil it produces and Its life. Men who have followed tho oil Industry in many climes said they never have seen or heard of a similar well. The well was drilled in- at J,710 feet on January 'JO. lUJ.'t. for production estimated at 330 barrels a day. The "vaseline well" still produces around this amount, and still Is the only well tn the area, other drilling attempts have produced dry holes. The strange kind of oil flowed over the derrick for JtX) feet when the well was drilled In. Hark green In color, the oil turned a brilliant golden yellow ' when It struck the outside air. Analysis showed it t<> be almost pure vaseline. It was so heavy that it hung from fences near the well like gum. Because of its thickness, ordinary pipelines \^ill not curry it. A special line. With a stcaia pipe t>> heat the almost solid lubricant, was used. Just See What Happens When Face Isn't Washed! Sequoia National Park. < alif. "Tommy." a small bov with a large aversion to washing his face, crept into his bed at Sunset Bock, where his parents had camped. Tommy had just finished a large pice of eake with gooey coconut Icing spread thickly on it. Along toward morning Tun iny's sister woke up to see a large brown hear -greedily lapping off the icing ..n Tomms's face. A screech from the "sister ami the hear ambled off. leaving Tommy with stern resolutions concerning face washing, now and forever after. (BRAZIL'S- CITIES are Wonderful Kin, Sao Paulo, Peruambuco and Pallia Pictured. i .?' ... i.'i Prei?nr<(? ?>y N?tl<u>?l 0?-o?ihi.I.Ic Suctutr. WttMlttiivton. 1? C.-~WNU 8<irvU-? CI: N SI'S enumerator* recently have computed counting 42,IKU.OI2 people In llnull. While the .state spread* over an area greater than that of the United State*, nearly every great population center lien on the Atlantic coast. There are ton Urn/Ulan cities with more than loo.noo Inhabitant*. <>f the lirst four, lth> do Janeiro, Sao Paulo, l'crnn'tnhuco (Recife), and Kahla (Sao Salvador), only Sao I'aulo Is inland. Rio dO Janeiro, the capital, contributed nearly l.oOO.OOO people to the census enumerators' figure*. Amid all ltia/H's amazing coastal yanorama of verdant forests, mysterious rivers, foaming cascade*, untrod mountains and polyglot, populous towns,- ltlo remains the very acme of human Interest^ As the traveler enters glittering Rio and beholds the alabaster-like city of palms, marble, mountains and color, ho Is astounded. Hero- I* an Illusion from an Arabian Nights dream, ft magic superclfy never built by man. Look ?t those uinajslng mountain peaks thut rise front the sea. They cannot be of this world; they are unreal, like a landscape on the moon pictured through a telescope. To enter thl* greut world port you walk down the gangplank and straight out Into a formal garden with a big bronze fountain. This leads olT Into a Fifth avenuedlke boulevard which In turn llovyp into u wide, world-famous beach drive, past embassies, clubs, and more palms and geometric gardens. Dingy (locks,?pawnshops, pool halls, quick and dirty cafbs, cheap rooming houses, touts and runners, dirt, smells ?all the trash and claptrap otjpniany I other water fronts, are missing here. Rising fully 1,200 feet and almost stratghi out of the sea, Sugar Loaf, i lofty sentinel of the Rio harbor, Is easily the city's outstanding landmark, Incoming air pilots, if half lost in fog or rain, hail its familiar outlines with grupts of relief. In a queer .aerial trolley ?a dizzy trip which is a supremo' triumph for tli^ nervous?you can reach it* top. I.ook at this spectacular city from Sugar Loaf or auy high angle, and you see how smoothly in mass, form | and color it harmonizes with the shape and shades of its terrestrial environment. Yon observe that it is cohesive, one work of art ; yet it is not a solid city with a checkerboard pattern of blocks and squares squeezed Into rigid "city limits," like Leipzig or Indianapolis. Sao I?uul. second largest of Brazilian cities, is capital and business metropolis of Sao I'aulo state. It is one of the oldest cities In South America, but its' ace has not deprived it of modern commercial development. Fifty years before the ('apt. John Smith I'oeohontirs episode at Jamestown. Va.. a Portuguese sailor founded Sao I'aulo and married ti e daughter of a native Indian chief. Enter Jesuit missionaries established h church at tin* settlement and held the lirst religious service on the feast day in celebration of the con version'of St. V L J Paul. Sao Paulo's Swift Growth. For three centuries Sao Paulo enJoyed isolation, unfettered by colonial laws of Portugal. It was about 1,000 miles from the Portuguese government officials who were, at that time, at Rabin. In 187f> the bnll of commercial progress started rolling among the inhabitants, and newcomers were Instilled with n botmi spirit. In slightly more than tiftv years the cltv has Increased in population from 20,000 to nearly 900.000. New streets that were built were made broad and straight and flanked with 'modern buildings. The railway depot, municipal and state government buildings, museums, libraries, schools, and some of its new business bu)M+ogs would be flattering additions to many cities of the world of the same size. Three huge public gardens and more than fifty parks break the monotony of the miles of streets. Sim Paulo might properly be en Met I the city that coffee built. Many of the palatini residences are those of coffee "barons." In Sao I'aulo streets huge trucks, heavy car's, and perspiring men laden with sacks of c.dTee are alwavs within eyeshot ' oflee was imt Introduced into Brazil until two ceti tunes ago. hut the price of coffee tmw largely governs the rise and fall of Sa ? Paulo's prosper.ty. W hile Ethiopia Is the original home of coflee, Sao Paulo state has adopted the greater portion of the descendants of the original cof fee berries. If all tin* i.dTec plant i tlons in the state were In one plantation, It would cover an urea as large ns Delaware and Rhode |*mnd combined. In a single .'ear more than one and a quarter million pounds of coffee are produced in the si?ie. There are lu 'ie than seven Coffee trees for every man. woman and < hi' 1 in the state Pernambuco It a Gateway. More than mile* of railroadnow u-o Sao Pa'do as a hub I he railroad from Sao Pan to to Santos, tie n'v's port on tie- .Wantm. ha iprri nrtr Of the V ""1-t - a'**t eei h.ghwavs. all!..-ugh .V- f.pkeej per mile is si Igjol t _ In S| tniiej >f sjinioiis tra.k- levvo-i cities train* t:; ti-1 ciimb t - : * i m;i level al Santos to i i-a: I v ' at Sr I*.,In ono --'it : on tin lino rises timrc than '.'O-'iu feCt. Pernamhuco, third largest city, Is the easternmost city of the western hemisphere and is called tho gateway to South America for Kurdpc South America-bound aviators. Pernamhuco state, of whl/d.i the city Is the capital, and two other states, make up the northeastern shoulder of their continent. To Brazilians. the city is known as Recife. If a line were drawn from Pernamhueo due north, It would Just miss the western extremity of the Azores un|0 Intersect the latitude of New York city nearer to Portugal than to New York. Dakar, westernmost city of Afrlba, is only hnlf the distance from Pernuinbuco that Liverpool la from New York. Pernamhuco noses into all direct transportation lanes from Kumpeun and North Atlantic ports that do business with ports south of Pernainbuco. Slopping from New York, Boston, or Bal/jtlinore, or Liverpool or Lisbon;-roaches I HU> do Janlero or Buenos Aires by hassing pernamhiieo's harbor. UMrtuy of its Inhabitants are descendants of tho Dutch and Portuguese, both of whom once claimed tho city and surrounding country. Pernamhuco owes much of its progress to the intluonce of these races, who fostered agriculture and commerce. I Tho old section of Pernamhuco shows Its Portuguese origin In tho varicolored plaster-faced buildings that line some of tlm narrow cobblestonepaved streets in the downtown section; while here and there steep gabled houses and business structures recall the quarter century of Dutch occupation that began ten years after the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Hock. Until a few years ago, largo oceangoing boats bad to anchor far out in the harbor. Up-to ?Uite docks were constructed and railroads were built, reaching into the productive hinter v Moving Day in Brazil. land. As a result, IVriuimbuco litis become in a short time one of the important gateways t? eastern Brazil. Sugar. tobacco, Inmher, fruit, cotton. rnj)ht?r and coffee that once graced tho hacks of mules, now How Into the city by rail in vast ipiuntities. More than forty sugar mills in the capital city attest the state's sugar production. Textile mills, shoe, soap and lock factories are also there. Most of Rernanibuco'.s business Is carried on in the old sectlotf kf city. The city market perhaps^strikes the fancy of Americans more than any other feature. An abundance of rich, luscious tropical fruit is everywhere to lie seen. Bahia Has a Fine Harbor. Bahia, which contributes about 330,000 to the census figures, was the first Portuguese settlement founded in Brazil. To Brazilians it is Sao^Sfalvador. According to the letterjj^of Arnerlgo Vespucci, he anil hj>-^followers spent several inonths^WAll Saints hay In the neighbofdiwxl of Bahia during the early years of the Sixteenth century. Bahia was not officially recognized by the Portuguese government, however, until 1549 when the first governor general of Brazil set up a colonial govern* inent there. BtU^a was. the capital of Brazil from thfHtime until 1703 when the govemtnentuns removed to Rio de Janeiro. The harbor Bahia faces is one of the finest on the east coast of South America. Vessels from many world ports are anchored offshore, while smaller boats with local cargoes come and go like "schools" of water beetles. The traveler's lirst Impression of Bahia. as he sails rp tho harbor>.toward the city. Is that there are really two separate towns. A congested settlement Jingf the shore line, while on a cliff in the hackground. feet above the roof tops, the fringe of another settlement Is \ isihle. In the narrow streets of the lower town and among the bordering warehouses half naked porters, perspiring freely In the tropical heat, spend their day* moving cargoes of coco.i, tobacco, cotton, sugar, rubber and fruit*, all products of Bahia *i!ito, brought to the port by railroad trains and highwheeled donkey carts. The customs house, depot and offices of foreign firms Interested in Bnhln commodities also are In the" lower town. Most of?Rnhla's cocoa, the largest exportable product of Bahia state. Is shipped to the 1 nlted States Upper P.nhia Is reached by elevators, steps and winding roads. Here and there in the narrow streets of tins portion of the city, skv blue and delicate pink houses, some of whose plastered ; fronts are deeply pock marked, take the traveler hack a century or two In ? l'.ahia's history. But within a stone's < throjv of these districts there arc wide modern thoroughfares, lined with fine L shop*, hank*, theaters, office ar. I gov ? eminent building*. A park or a gar * den now and then breaks the monotony of the solid row* of masonry. "Shop Early and Avoid Accidents" Charlotte, l)?c. 3. -^Shon early and avoid accidents" might be a suitable slogan to not only stimulate business but preserve life, limb and property as well, according to D. 11. Lasley, safety director of the Carolina Motor Club. "The pro-Christmas rush in down-town areas when crowds jam [the streets and intersections, tends to increase the already dangerous traffic conditions in our cities," he says, "and we can reasonably ascribe the heavy congestion of motor vehicles and the crowd of last minute shoppers to be a prolific cause of many yule-tide accidents. Pedestrians with their arms full of bundles, their minds on shopping lists rather than | traffic hazards and n many instances accompanied with children who gleefully admire all window displays of ^oys, are in many instances inviting hazards." A "Nearly one-ihalf of the nation's motor vehicle accident victims are pedestrians and contrary to popular! belief the pedestrian oftimes is the contributing factor to the accident, j This record coupled with Christmas hazards challenges all pedestrians to cross streets only at intersections and to refrain from all jay walking. "Early shoppers have the advantage of not only avoiding shopping jams but have ample time to select the safest typcvtoys for cMUdren. Much solrow can easily be avoided if more care is exercised in the selection of safe toys. For instance sharp knives, tin horns with sharp edges, air rifles, tool kits with sharp pointed instruments, cap pistols and firecrackers are all dangerous weapons in the hands of small children. "A recent safety publication print-1 ed the following: 'Under the cate> gory of fun, is listed the practice of | celebrating Christmas in the South with fireworks. Despite the educational work done in the last decade to banish fireworks, several serious injuries were reported last year.' "It is not intended to 'take out of Christmas any traditional pleasure, but to the contrary stimulate a safe and sane Christmas consciousness whereby the joys of Christmas may not be marred by a tragedy. "Shop early, shop safely, walk safely and drive safely." Mosquitoes Are Not Guilty Ten convicts in the Mississippi state prison will receive their freedom for submitting to the bites of mosquitoes which had previously bitten monkeys infected with the so-called "sleeping sickness" that is baffling physicians of the Middlewest and South. The experiment was made to test the theory that mosquitoes carry the germs of this disease, but no symptoms of infection have been noted so far in the ten men who were selected from among fifty volunteers, and who considered thenujjlves lucky the way the test turned out. Had they taken the disease their freedom probably would have done them no good. Albert H. YViggin, former head of the Chase National bank of New York, denies the charge of William Fox, movie magnate, that he sent word to President Hoover to "mind his own business." Wiggin says that the charge made by Fox was "absolutely and entirely false." QUEER LOAN REQUESTS < All Sorts of Weird Proposals to Use Uncle fSam's Money Portland, Ore."? Obtaining loans from Uncle Sam on public works prol jects seems to be a favorite pastime ' of dreamers, inventors and would-be billionaires. Some of the ideas for putting to work the public works dollar rival those of Jules Verne. Here are a few made public by the northwest district PWA board. One militarist suggested construction of a fleet of concrete battleships. Thousands of men would get work building the dreadnoughts, which the inventor guaranteed to float, anil America would "rule the waves." Another wanted to build a steel tower a mile high, containing 48 platforms each named after a state. A runway for motorists would lead to the top. The owner of a broken-down circus wanted a government loan to refinance his tent show. .He offered three elephants to Uncle Sam as security. A mathematician wanted a rocket ship constructed* for a trip to the moon. Much money could be spent and science possibly benefited. A town of 4,000 residents wanted a loan to build a maternity hospital equipped to handle 1,000 births a year. v The state of Colorado has bought $1,000 worth of gold paint with which to gild the dome of the state capitol. ????????i SAUNDERS BROKE AGAIN Founder of Piggly Wiggly To Clone Out For Third Time Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 28.?Clarence Saunders, who twice dotted the country with chain grocery stores?then lost the millions ..they made him?has come to the end of a third venture. Me announced yesterday that his main street store would not open tomorrow, thtvt its stock and equipment was for sale to pay creditors, all of whom he said Would be protected. In a four-cqlumn newspaper advertisement, the former small town grocery clerk and millionaire said adherence to the N'RA had increased his costs so much the company's reserves were weakened. "I'm not blaming the NRA or anybody. I am simply stating facts," the ad said. Charles C. Jordan, the Anderson contractor 51) years old, who was con victed in the federal court there for using the mails to extort money by a child kidnaping threat, drew a sentence of two years in the Atlanta penitentiary. ' He was declared sane by the state hospital, and his defensfe was that he was compelled to Write the threatening notes at the point of a pistol by two other men, strangers to him. - All previous records were broken when the Columbia fire department answered 83 alarms in the month of November. 4 Traces Roses Back 20 Million Years I.euestt rv, Knjthind.?Roses were jjrowinjr <>n the earth as long as jnn?K)t*x> years ncn. scientists at the British association convention were told. The authont> for this sluleiujupt was ?'hal los Chamber Win llurst of f"atnl'to'ire uiii\- rsify lie is author of "The Orchid Stud Book." Get Ready For Winter Driving Her# are the things to check, as advised by the engineers of the Standard Oil Company of Now Jersey, rpHK above illustration shows the motorist at a quick glance Just what he should do at this time to preparo for the winter driving season These rules have been prepared for him by the engineers of the Standard Oil Company* of . New Jersey after a study of winter , driving requirements. Ho , should clean his cooling Bystem thoroughly, t, Before putting in an x anti freeze the drain cock should * he tightened, all rubber hose must he free of cracks and flaking, greasy or worn fan belts should be replaced. The water pump should ho lubricated and repacked if necessary. Inspect the spark plugs and check for the proper gap. replacing any plugs that have gone more than 10.000 miles. Clean and adjust the ignition distributor, lubricate the gu aerator, clean the fuel pump howl and adjust the carburetor for cj/id weather driving. Put in the proper grade of oil for winter drlv Ing, flush out the gear cases and refill transmission and differential. s. Next to ignition the use of the right *oil is the most important reqorsite for satisfactory winter driving. The Society of Automotive Engineers recommend an oil of the viscosity of SAE-20-W. This is a good lubricant and is light enough to promote easy starting in cold weather. Motor fuel specialists' recommend a fuel that has a balanced volatility, one that gives quick and easy starting, a rapid warm-up with a minimum use of the choke, quicks acceleration in traffic and a maximum mileage?In other words a motor fuel that assures smooth performance. Careful selection of the motor fuel will provide these desirable features and will do much to enhance the pleasure of 'winter driving. The Esso station experts/ advise every motorist to devote some attention to his automobile before the real winter driving arrives. ' O -> . Buying Power of Hogs Articles Farmers Buy I9I4_ i9ao_ 1930 I933!-^<1 F1r*t montM Cost In Terms of Hogs. (100 pounds each) QASED on the fair exchange rela^ tlonshlp with prices of things farmers buy, hogs during the past decade have had materially less purchasTng~power than they had In the pre war period. In 1933, It took about eight hogs to buy what three hogs would buy In the 191014 period as Indicated above. In all the years since 1920 21 (excepting In 1925-26 wtfen there was a temporary reduction In hog supply) the purchasing power of hogs hu been on a general downward trend. In 1932, the fair exchange value of hoge waa $7.75 per hundredweight. The prlcee of things farmers bur averaged slightly above their prewar level. But the actual farm price of hogs In 1932 was only $3.47 per hundredweight, or $4.28 below fair exchange value. Fair exchange value means the pre-war price for hogs only when the price of things farmers buy is at the pre-war leveL If the prices of thin^t farmer* buy become Uoudju their pre-war lerel, then the fair exchange ralue will be double the prewar price of hogs. The corn-bog production adjustment program under the Agricultural Adjustment Act seek* to raise | hog prices to the curfont fair ex change ralue. This may be done by bringing production into better balance with the most profitable demand through a reduction In 25 percent in hog production and 20 percent in corn acreages