University of South Carolina Libraries
I Chemistry May Yet Do Away With Wheat Field With""' hS,p of J*111*1 *hwnl?l? ,n analv** and fertilisers cur iclontlfle plant breeders would l>? pew?Z, could never have given ?? new (vnea of wheat which grow farther ,rih than ever before, wheats which ? from seed to harvest In so short 1 time that Immense new corn helts ve been opened up. while the world "rue of wheat has tumbled. Chemistry may. any day, produce an rtlflchil wheat product, as It has Ijven u< artificial dyea und drugs which amount to exact laboratory copies of what nature grows. Fifty vears ago all the dyes used h.v man were obtained from plants, bark of trees roots. Insects and so on. Today, these are superseded by thousands of exquisite artificial dyes made In an Infinite variety of shades, practically ah derived from coal tar. This chemical development killed the woad-growlijjf Industry which went on for two th*lsnnd years In these Islands. It finished mndder rowlng In Franco nnd ruined the Indiri> plantations of India. Many thousands of acres were thrown out of cultivation, and millions of money were lost. During the next fifty years, who can say that wheat may not become a factory product? If a drug like quinine -nnd a dye like Indigo can ho made In the laboratory. what Is to prevent problems of nutrition from being dealt with In the same manner??London Tlt-BIts. Raleigh Not Introducer of Tobacco to Europe? Authorities have tried to pin the introduction of tobacco Into Europe on one man or another hut .the reasonable theory i< that it was brought back hjT Spanish sailors niSd sea captains, names unknown, who bought it from Spaniards that cultivated It commercially in (he West Indies, as far hack as 1.15.j. The tobacco of the Island of Trinidad. f< ?r instance, became famous all over Kurope, says the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Still, in the effort to he specific, one writer of records made the claiiu that a famous physician, Francisco Fernandas. who was sent to Mexico by Philip II of Spain In 1558, was the first to take specimens of the* plant hack to Kurope. But this was sdvernl years after the Spaniards began exporting tobacco from their plantations in the West Indies; nnd It was In 1500 that Jean Nlcot, of nicotine fame, French ambassador to Lisbon, found the tobacco seed there that he sent to Paris. Sir John Hawkins was the first to take tobacco to England, which, he did In 1565, nnd history tells us that tobacco was growing there In 1570. However. Sir Walter Raleigh was a much more romantic figure, so It was more thrilling to pin the fact on him. In much the same way that we pin facts nnd sayings on those among our own prominent contemporaries whom we wish to credit- or discredit. Tobacco as Healer When tobacco made Its debut tn Europe. everything was expected of It that the Indians expected. It was believed that It not only cured but ward-' rd off disease, nnd the plague was fought with tobacco smoke In Spain. France nnd England. Even now there are those who think that a chew of tobacco, placed on a wound, will heal It. Refore the end of the Sixteenth century tobacco was grown not only In Europe but In Turkey, China and many other outlying places. In the course of centuries It changed In flavor and appearance because of the differences of climate and soli, so that now experts ran tell where tobacco was gTown when they lobk at It or smell It. "The Thinker" Explained Bobby was a sore trial to his mother because of his slowness In getting dressed. He never seemed to remember whore he had put this and that article of apparel. On or.e occasion he was taken to * museum where he saw a reproduction of Rodin's "Le Penseur." His mother explained that the title meant "The Thinker." Rohhy studied the figure Intently f"" ii moment, nnd then said. "lie's proh.p.'v trying to think where he left b-s Clothes." Short Night * Willie's p,rsl r 1 do In a m 11w*v >?", n nn,j succession of wnn' '! b;m to ;t state of conastonishment. The train flight bend nnd. with a * r:?-k of its whistle, plunged info a tur r . i TM ( were gqsps of surprise from 'v'r "here Willie \v;>S. Slld" train rushed Info broad dny* g..: end n small voter? ' wire """ ' I n w'ntider. , . * I'-ni'-rrow!" exclaimed the St.rdl boy.?Christian poglster. Unavailing Worry ' T ore are many men who have felt Positively sulfide! In that "crj^l hour f?rc tbe dawn when men see themV,S. w-ru' f,,e'r failures at their *orst hut the next morning, when 'alight and a reawakened vigor has enabled them to think clearly about elr problem*, and see their bogey* In proper proportion, they have found emseheg full of renewed courage faith, and hava wondered why ">?7 were ever so fool I ah as t?? allow tbemseWe* to fall xlctlms to u n reason Cattalo I? Scheduled to Supplant Humped Buffalo Kven though the buffalo should sonic day become extinct, a possibility that Is uot so sure as It was some years ago before steps hud been taken for the preservation of the few remaining herds In North America, many of its characteristics will probably be pre served indefinitely in the cattulo, a hybrid between the buffalo and domestic cattle that lacks the buffalo's hump, but resembles tlds Interesting animal In inapy other ways. And the sturdy traits which the cattulo can tracut to Its buffalo ancestors are such as to make it popular with stock raisers, for It requires much less la the way of food and shelter than cattle and can be raised successfully much farther north. The cattulo%s the result of experiments started back in 181)4 by Mpssont lioyd of Bohcuygeon, Ont., and continued since 1015 by the Canadian government It has the heavy, durable hide ami warm thick hair of the buffalo. It also has the buffalo's hub , it of facing storms instead of drifting with them like domestic animals. Like the buffalo tho cattulo can forage and thrive on comparatively poor pastures, and will even feed through the snow in winter until It becomes too deep. And lust, but not least important of the truits tills nybrid animal has borrowed from its sturdy buffalo ancester, it doesn't require winter shelter. Tons of Chloroform Used to Relieve Sick Animals Five tons of chloroform are used every year by the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals of the Poor. Most of It goes in the process of removing strange meals from puppies' Insldes and for destroying agiinials hopelessly Injured. Puppies have been known to eat nails, marbles, loud speakers, gramophone records, powder pull's, and the best part of an alarm clock ! One of the exhibits of the dispensary is a knitting needle, 12 inches long, swallowed by a small dog. The dog made a good though slow recovery. Dixie,, a small dog, helped to run up the dispensary's chloroform bill by being run over twice, jumping through a skylight, gashing one of its Jaws on a broken bottle, swallowing a safetypin, a cork, a large powder-puff, and finally its own license!?Loudon TitBits. Negro With Columbus According to the Negro Year Book. Alonzo Pietro, a negro, is accredited by some authorities, others dissenting, as having been the pilot of the ShipNina of Columbus' fleet in his discovery of America. It Is also reported that he accompanied Oolumbus on the second voyage to America. There is no evidence to show that he was a slave. In 1501 a royal edict permitted negro slaves born In slavery among Christians to be transported from Spain to Hlspaniola (Haiti). These, however, were not the first African slaves brought from Spain. The first African slaves were brought over by the Spanish slaveholders, wbo, as they emigrated, were accompanied ?t>y their negroes. The same authority gives 1526 as the date negro slavery was first Introduced Into the territory of what Is now the United States, in Carolina. Death Choice of Bride Following an ancient custom followed by Albanians In the Petch district of Jugoslavia, Shkurta, a beautiful bride of an elderly landowner, chose death rather than live with him. Shkurta was engaged to the man's son,. and her parents received $250 for the girl, but on the eve of the wedding her beloved was murdered. The ancient custom was that she must wed her fiancee's brother or other near relative. and the father married her, although he already had two aged wives. After two months of married life the girl ran away to her parents. The husband finally wrote her, in accordance with another old custom, that she must either return or poison herself. She at once swallowed poison and died.? Montreal Herald. Historical Sketch of Uruguay Uruguay hns an area of 72.000 square miles. The most notable featufe of this country Is Its long rolling plains, comprising almost the entire length of the country. Sheep and cattle raising are the principal industries. Agriculture Is also practical to a considerable extent. Wine is Jfrffcluced In large quantities, and tobacco and olives are cultivated. Gold, silver, copper, lead, magnesia and lignite are mined. There are about 1.500 miles of railways, wlille river transport is very extensive. Montevideo Is the capital and chief seaport ; I'aysandu. seaport on the Uruguay river, with meat pnckiug interests ; Salt<\ al*<? on the I rnguay. does a large business in hides. Crack in the Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell cracked on July 8, 1835, while being tolled as the remains i of Chief Justice John Marshall, who had died in Philadelphia two days ear < Her, were being taken from the city, i The crack Is supposed to have been due to a defect in the bell dntlng from < the day It was cast. In 1846 it was proposed to ring the Liberty Bell on I George Washington's birthday, and In preparing for the occasion the crack was drilled out to separate the parted Idea with a view of Improving the I sound. But the experiment was not i aucceaafuL This accoanta for tha onasoal width of tha crack- i SCIENCE FORECASTS NEXT GREAT DELUGE I T . j Melting Polar Ice Caps to Cause Inundations. L Washington.?We still speak of "tin Ics uge" as If It belonged to the remote geological past, Geologists have reached the conclusion that there were several Ice ages. What Is more, the last Ice Age. known us the quaternary, Is only about half over, despite our blistering summers. "Eternal Ice" or "eternal snow" are figments of the poetic Imagination. Very slowly the great ice sheets In the Arctic and Antarctic regions are melting and pour Ing their torrents Into the oceans. The earth must Inevitably change Its us< pect and Its climate. How the change Is slowly taking place and what the result will he bus been considered by such ' able geologists, physicists and metcorloglsts as Prof. Sir Edgeworth David of the University of Sydney, Australia. Prof. WUheim Melnnrdus of Gottlngen anil a Boore of others. The latest Is I)r. William J. Humphreys of the United States weather bureau, who recently addressed the American Meteorologl cal society on the subject, summarizing old views and modifying them In the light of the Information gathered In the Antarctic regions by the Byrd expedition and In Greenland by the illfated Prof. Alfred Wegener and his companions. Glacial Sheets Reduced by Half. * The glacial sheets that now cover the North and South poles were once 12,000,000 square miles in extent? more than one fifth the present total land area of the globe. In the course of about 700.000 years they have melted down to their present area of about 000,000 square miles. The ice on Greenland alone Is ten times vaster than the area of the State of New York. Wegener's echo soundings showed that It is over 0.000 feet thjck near the center of the island and about 4,000 feet thick near the edges of the bowl over which It spills. Here, then, we have enough Ice to provide a layer of water one mile thick over 700,000 of Greenland's 827,275 square miles of surface. To this we must add another layer of mile-deep water which would be spread over 8,800.000 square miles of Antarctica's 5,400,000 square miles. The earth is steadily growing warmer. As all the Ice at the two poles melts a stupendous volume of water will pe released. Professor David conservatively estimates that the sea level will rise 50 feet. Professor Melnnrdus doubles that estimate. Doctor j Humphreys, with the studies of Byrd | and Wegener before him, believes that i the rise will be 151 feet. Such floods are nothing new, as we see by the marine fossils found on the tops of the Itockles, Andes and other mountain ranges. The Deluge of the Future. So, within 80,000 or 40.000 years there will be another deluge. Salt water will sweep over the continents, leaving only the higher Innd dry. Holland will be Inundnted. Fish will swim In Buckingham palace and Westminster abbey, for most of England will He beneath the waves. The Desert of Sahara will be a great inland sea. What Is now New York will be marked by the upper stories and towers of the taller skyscrapers as they Jut out of the water. In an Inundation which would thus change geography and which would be accompanied by a rioe In temperature, the climate would return to what Is was when dinosaurs roamed the earth and dense Jungles of dank, gigantic ferns grew In what are now Pennsylvania and Canadu. Palms and alligators would flourish at the poles as they did millions of years ago. What will become of man If climatic conditions are thus changed? Ice sheets In high latitudes produce strong contrasts In temperatures between the polar and equatorial regions. Winds, storms, weather that changes from day to day are the result Man flourishes under such conditions. If the torrid zone were to become even more torrid than it Is, and If what are now frozen tracts around the North and South poles are to hear sub tropical life, man's food supply will not be what It Is now. Prof. G. S. Simpson of the British meteorological office has advanced the theory that Chellean. Mousterian and other races of men that once flour Ished In southern Europe were wiped out because the climate changed and that Inedible vermin took the place of the animals that were hunted. N?> one can tell what may happen If a new carboniferous era should follow the warming of the earth. Man Is about as old as the present Ice age. It Is a question If he will survive it. 4 Oregon Asks People to Wftlk on Capitol Grass *. SnU-in. Ore.?Not only can you walk on the grass In the Capitol grounds Pore. you are Invited to do so Secretary of State Hal lloss declared recently that, while there were no "Keep off the grass" signs on the Capitol lawns, visitors carefully kept to the walks. "The state of Oregon wants them to enjoy the lawns." he said. "So we are going to put up signs reading. 'Pleaae walk on the grass.'" Picks 240 Type* of Grace Durham, N. C.?'Though North Caro Una Is not one of the en-called grassy itates. Dr. H. L. BlomquUf. DuW bnl re ratty bo tan I at has collected 240 specimen a of grasses from this state. -1 - " f i-.'i11 .'t iiiawaaMMMi Niamey from . SKark s * A Four Hundrod Pound Shark. Prepared by National OeoKrapUlo So?l#ty, Washington, J). O..?WNU Service. 11AKKS, the much-feared denizens of warm seas, now are eugerly L, J sought along the eastern coast I # of Australia, for they yield 20 | coimnodltles to commerce. The cry "shark" sends the bathers at Sidney scurrying to safety but not far north, at Plndimar, u sleepy village on the shores of Port Stephens, which Is the headquarters of the growi Ing shark-llshing industry. It Is good ! news. Founded several years ago, the shark industry of Australia has at last reached the commercial stage. I.Ike the rabbit, the snake, the ll/.ard, the crocodile and the alligator, the shark has attained this status mainly through the whims of Milady., Fashion the world over. She demanded something new in footwear and bags, and she has it in sharkskin. Several years ago a trading company in Fnglnnd sent four experts out to Australia to specialize in sharks? I shark catching and shark treatment, i They were the specialist nucleus of Marine Industries, I/td., the Australian offshoot of the lOnglish company. After Investigation, the quartette chose Pindlnmr as the scene of their operations. It had and has the first essential-?sharks, thousands of them; all kinds and varieties; all sorts and sizes; and all within a few miles of the shore. The Devil and the Demon, specially built motor boats, were put Into service. Staunch little craft they were, proving themselves so with the heaviest of freights and in any weather. The first attack was launched at the entrance to the port, a stretch of water three-quarters of a Tnlle wide. [ The nets were unlike any used before Ih Australia. They were approximately 1,000 feet long, about 16 feet deep, of an eight-inch mesh, and they were leaded and anchored to the bottom, with glass buoys to hold them upright. On the surface, marking the anchors that helped secure the net to the bottom and -e^the same time holding it steady, were Ttfrge drums. Usually the nets are set in the afternoon and raised the next morning. No Lack of Sharks. When the first net set was raised, the shark fishers discovered that, for once at least, the local fisherman had told the truth. There were sharks there in abundance?all sorts and .sizes?"gray nurses," "whalers," "tl- | gers," "school sharks," "blue pointers," "hammerheads," "carpets," "wob"begongs," "shovel noses,". "gummles," "angels" and "Port Jacksons." The shark fishers learned, too, that sharks were really stupid. An egg-cup would have covered the brain of the biggest shark, an 18-footer. This lack of intelligence Is demonstrated by the fact that once a shark | runs into the piesh of the net, once he even touches It, his doom is more or less sealed. Though he may sense its dangerous potentialities, he will not retreat; he presses ahead. And ; aa he does so, those thin brown cords ' get tangled more and more securely | around his gills. Then he is there to Btay. | The Devil and the Demon are each ! manned by a crew of two and a "half" | men?two very strong men and a lad. On the Job of raising the net, the skipper is at the tiller; right up "forrad" one chap, his legs braced against a lit- j tie footrnll, hauls, and a little farther along the deck, taking the strain, Is the lad. Hand over hand t^iey heave and pull, 1 until at laft the "forrard man" calls 1 a halt. "Hero comes one." he says, and, below, a mass can he seen tangled In the net. thrashing and writhing. Then the skipper lenves the tiller,and lends his weight. It is a man's Job. For* even without the eatch to increase Its weight, a shark net, when wet, tips the beam at half a ton. At last that part of the net which ' holds the shark is pulled to the surface. Then for daring, speed of hand and surcness Of foot, there Is little (o equal a traiined shark fisher The forward hand leans over and grasps the tail of the struggling monster. No matter what the shark's size, weight and temper, that tail must he hitched. And when the shark boat Is shipping green seas, and a savage l">-footer is venting his rage on the net. with the forward hand having only a tiny footrail to give him stance and grip, then the ordlnnry angler conies to,a realization of the difference between fishing for sport and netting for sharks. ! Getting Him Out of the Net. Th^ shark's head Is tangled in the net. his tall securely noosed, while the forward hand Is fixing th ? Doose, the lad has swung out the derrick arm. The tall loop is linked up. the lad works the WUullas., and shark and net are hoisted Into the air. Follows another hazardous opera* tlon?extricating the shark from the net. The mesh Is wound round and round nnd fastened about his gills, and quite possibly, too, his tins and tall are entangled. With Infinite pa* tlence and the speed of long experience, the fishers pull the net clear? pull It clear from razor-edged teeth, thrashing tall and madly squirming body?until at last the shark Is clear of the net and hanging by Its tall. In each shark boat Is an outsize In baseball bats, or at least what looks like a baseball bat. only It is rougher nnd very much heavier. There is also a revolver of large caliber. With one yf these weapons an "anesthetic' Is mlmitilstered to the captive. lOithpr the bat thuds with every ounce of the wiehler's weight on the nose of the shark, the nose being the sharpish equivalent of the point of the human Jaw, or I bo revolver does the Job another way. On the doe.k the shark "surgeon" Is waiting. When he dons his bloodstained apron, hares bis inuseuhir arms, and delicately tests the keenness of his big collection of knives, the great fish is beaded for a shark's equivalent of the hereafter. Parts That Are Utilized.' The salvaged portions of n shark. In order of value, are the hide, the liver, the (Ins, and the stomach bag. Contrary to prevailing opinion, the teeth are valueless. It is generally believed that sharks' teeth pass as currency in many of the South Sea Islands; but although teeth, ranging from the razor-edged fangs of the tiger to the I ivory stilettos of the gray nurse, have been hawked throughout the Islands, they have never found a market. To revert to the commercialization. First the shark Is killed. No stunning or near-killing this time. Next the carcass Is washed and the "surgeon" sets about cutting away the fins and begins skinning. This is a most delicate Job. for one false cut and the value I of the hide is materially lessened. ; | What makes the cutting so dlfflpiilt | is the toughness of the hide. It" rough and thick and stubborn, a verI itable piscatorial coat of mall, and | each cut plays havoc with the sklnI nlng knife. So much so, that after six ! incisions hone or oilstone must be I brought into play. However in a few minutes the shark's clothes look like a cubist cross-word puzzle. Then It Is tug and pull until the hide Is off. After shark and hide have parted company, the latter Is "beamed"?the flesh Is cleared away from -the Inner side. Beaming completed, the hide la closely inspected". If any parts are1 faulty, they are cut away; and then it goes to the shed for Its first coat of brine. A week later It Is given another coat, and two weeks later a third. It Is then ready for the tanner. The tanner, as a matter of fact, la the man who has made shark fishing a feasible and profitable proposition. | Until recent years, although It had been proved that sharkskin waa among the most durable of leathers, It was not found possible to treat It commercially with any great degree of success. But new methods have developed. It Is now possible so to soften the toughest hide that it may be put to practically every purpose for which the best bullock leather la used. It Is also possible now to retain not only the markings that make sharkskin so distinctive, hut also its remarkable qualities of durability. At present, the most- nrtlcles manufactured from sharkskin are footwear, handbags, attache cases, and hjggnge. The hide of the carpet shark, with Its distinctively mottled shagreen, Is used for exclusive feminine footwear and pocketbooks. Oil From the Big Liver. Once you have seen sharks' liver you can understand why the shark is such a bad-tempered fellow. -He Is probably the liver champion of the world?that Is. In point of size. Seemingly he specializes in big livers, for they put his other organs to shame. I'lndlmnr's record In this respect Is that of a 15-foot tiger who had a liver 13 feet long weighing 200 pounds. And other sharks are proportionately equipped. This dreadful-looking organ soon loses its entity, or whatever is the anatomical equivalent It Is dumped Into a big container and cqoked. Heat breaks down the oil cells and the resulting product Is shark-liver oil, the nearest blood fgatfon to eod-nver on. If anything. It smell worse, but physicians say that Its medicinal qualities are the same. The liver referred to. In Ita liquid medicinal state, yielded 16 gallons. 4 . - . i .*: - J-;, 'verify I I . i Major General Johnson Hagood, native of iSouth Garolinu, told the military house committee Wednesday that the war department is so "top heavy" that the "slveok of war would destroy it/' and then submitted a plan for reorganisation of the department that ho said was designed to save |60,000,000 apmiaHy. The general asserted that the war department has always collapsed at the outbreak of every .war, and new has too many divided reerponaibilitiea and con- ' dieting agencies. "It has ij%>ome so complicated that an archangel righK out of heaven couki not operate it," declared General llagood. v Motion picture theatres of Kansas City, Mo., closed Wednesday on failure of owners of the theatres and oporators not being able to get together in a wage dispute. f * WAKE UP YOUR LIVER BILE? WITHOUT CALOMEL And You'll Jump Out of Bed in the Morning Rarin' to Go If you feel aour and sunk and the world look* punk, don't ewellow a lot of aalta, mineral water, oil. laxative candy or chewing gum and expect them to make you suddenly sweet and buoyant and full of aunshlne. For they can't do It. They only move the bowels and a mere movement doesn't get at > the causo.'The reason for your down-and-out feeling la ypur liver. It Should pour out two pounds of liquid bile into your bowels daily. If this bile is not flowing freely, your food doesn't dlgiot. It just decays in tho bowels. ( as bloats up your stomach. You have a thick, bad taste and your breath la foul, skin often breaks out in blemishes. Your head j aches and you feci down and out. Your whola system is poisoned. It takes thoso good, old CAUTRH'S I.ITTLB LIVKIt PILLS to got these two pounds of bile flowing freely and mnko you feel V.up and up." They contain wonderful, j harmless, gentle vegetable extracts, amazing when it comer to making the bile flow fruuly. Hut don't ask for liver pills. Ask for Carter's ^ Little Liver Pills. Look tor the name Carter's Ijttle Liver Pills on the rod label. Kewent a substitute. 26c at all stores. ? 1931 C. M. Co. TAX NOTICE * Notice is hereby given that a on? < . per cent penalty has been added to all 1932 state, county and school taxes left unpaid through January 1, 1938. And on unpaid taxes after February 1, 1938, an additional peib- 1 alty of one per cent will be added to regular assessments. S. W. HOGUE, Treasurer Kershaw County, S. C. Camden, S. C., January 26, 1933. KER8HAW LODGE No. 2* A. F. M. H V3 Regular communication of this lodge is held on tha ' "Nr first Tuesday in each month at 8 p.m. Visiting Brethren ara welcomed. N. R. GO0DALE, JR., J. W. WILSON, Worshipful Master. Secretary. l-M-2T-tf EYES EXAMINED I and Glutei Fitted j THE HOFFER COMPANY I Jewelers and Optometrist* I 6 6 6 ~ LIQUID - TABLETS - SALVE Checks Colds first day, Headaches of Neuralgia in 90 minutes, Malaria th 3 days. 666 SALVE for HEAD COLDS Moat Speedy Remedies Knows AFTER 40 bowel trouble Constipation may very easily become chronic after forty. And any continued constipation at that time of life may bring attacks of piles and a host of other unpleasant disorders. WatcK your bowels at any age. Guard them with particular care after forty. Whenever they need any help, remember a doctor should know what _ is best for them, . 1 "Dr. CaldwelFa Syrup Pepsin" is a doctor's prescription for the bowels. Tested by 47 years' practice, it has been found thoroughly effective in relieving constipation and its ills for men, women and children of all ages. It has proven perfectly safe even for babies. Made from fresh laxative herbs, pure pepsin and other harmless ingredients/ it cannot gripe; will not sicken you or weaken you; can be used without harm as often as your breath is bad, or when your tongue is coated; whenever a headachy, bilious, gaaay condition warns of constipation. # Da. W. B. Cau>will's ? SYRUP PEPSIN, m 't;i A Doctor's FmwtHje LmamUm " * --