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My Experiences i>. ii..- World War By Oeneral John J. Pershing #f Corrtt*ht. 1931. la *11 countries b? tb? Not?b Am?rlt?n 'I ,, 6lj HPMPMWf AUtoact.World rt?ht?wwmcd,laclwdtngth? K j.OhMHiis?h? > iprniliirrtnn ttrhnltiTfr prntilMiirl J I CHAPTER III Hon I deplorable .situation as to mu Hju^hs \NJIM fully discussed at a cuu ^Mrcuce culled by Secretary -of Wur H;>i > i Muy 10 ii was bfougbt out Hint we had for Issue, not In the Mimis of troops, fewer than 285,000 i : ; inM rifles, caliber j^O; only a M, tnort than 400 light field guns, Mireeinch, and 150 heavy field guns.' Ah It was Impossible bemuse of ^ iiiiiifiicturing difficulties for our facM . to turn out enough Springfield Miles .\yjihln a reasonable time, the ^ftcretary decided to adopt+the Knfleld Mile for our infantry. It was then Ming manufactured for the British In Mi/, quantities ut private factories in I Mn country, and a slight moidllieation Mr the chamber only was necessury to Mni n it ut our ammunition. The total Mmiiirtion of thih rifle exceeded 2,M)0,000 during the war. M As to machine guns, It was reported M? the conference that we had a few Msg than 1,500, and these were of four Mpes. Congress in 1916 had approMr la ted $12,000,000 for machine gun's, Mm the War department had not deMilled definitely to adopt any partlcuMr one for, our army, although ah Mrder had been placed late In 1916 for M quantity of the heavy Vickers-' Ml n situs. 8hort on Ammunition. I Of artillery ammunition, except for Mie three-inch, we did not have enough M> provide more than nine hours' supMly, even for the limited number of Mms on hand, firing at the rate ordiMarlly used In laying down barrage Mor an infantry attack. M The situation at that time as to avlMtlon was such that every American MiiK'it to feci deeply chagrlifhd to hear mentioned. Of B5 officers and about M.OOO men in the air service section of he signal corps there were 35 officers Mho could fly. With the exception of five or six )fficers, none of them could have met he requirements of modern battle coalitions and none had any technical xperience with aircraft guns, bombs. >r bombing devices. , We had some fifty-five training >1nnog In various conditions of usefulness, all Entirely without war equipment Of these plane* it Is amusing now to recall that the national advisory committee for aeronautics, which had been conducting an alleged scientific study of the problem of flight, advised that fifty-gp* were obsolete . and four othec^i obsolescent We could not have put a single squadron in the field, although It was estimated that we should eventually fteed at least 300 squadrons, each to ftp composed on the average <>T some ft-i officers, 180 men and 18 planes, henries a large reserve of planes for reMl'.icoments, ^ Among other subjects considered -rfttTti rhe Muenwnry with The^asserfiBTy"" Mr training of the National Guard ^ftd the men to come In under the In lieu of any previous plans, the ^Mcretary contemplated the const rucMn of cantonments in different parts M the country, and May 7 the com^Banding generals of the several de^fcrtments were directed te select I *,,c ?vi uoi cvuscruciiou or cgntouMenu was not begun until nearly Mree months after we were In the M?r, and so great was the task of greeting buildings and putting in waMr works and sewers that some ninety Mays mere elapsed by the time these enters ef instruction were ready to Mcelve troops. Thus K was, with some Mtceptiona, practically tlx months be ore the training of our army was un *r * Men then eereral of theee amps were not favorably located, and raining was seriously handicapped Miring the fell and winter months. Rivalry far Our Treepe. About this time tfce allies brought p the question of utilising our men o build up their ermine, An we shall Me, the subject arose from time to me In one form or motherland we Md to fight agalnet It untll'the end f the war. Both the Trench and British mle ons, under M. it one Vivian! and ArMnr G. Balfour, respectively, then In ur country, were very keen to have M consent to fill up the ranks of their rmies with Americans. ' WftS decidedly against our becomM s recruiting agency fQr either the rench or British, and at that time Ml* was the attitude of the War deMrtment also. While fully realising M? difficulties, it wns definitely tinMr*tood between the secretary, of war M>d me that we should proceed to orMni*? our own units from top to bot m and bn|ld a distinctive army of Mr own at rapidly as possible. The evident rivalry between the British and Frencfi for control end Me of our forces. eVen- before we had M army In the fietfL confirmed my pression that thfrw t#o governments ere not working entirely In harmony. i to their armies, it had been appurMt for some time that there was a k of cooperation between them, e r efforts were often separate and Mtlnct?that Is. first one end then H other wenld attach. fchh2SritSeueht 10 A,or> * antflratkaw t. mrrwoj mr. One of them wins a^ personal appeal for service In nny eupiM-ity by my old friend, Itolieri l'.ucon, who hud heen ambassador to France, lie laid al ready given valuable aid to the allkeil cuttse, and because Af Ida intimate knowledge of tlie French people and his tact and discretion 1 -was glad to huve hint. A few days before my departure, wiiiie at lunch at the Metropolitan club with Charles 10. Magoon, ex-governor of Cuha, Charles G. Da was Joined us. The three of us had bqen friends in the days when we were together ut Lincoln, Neb. Magoon and Dawes as young lawyers, the latter w ith i? decided talent for business, and 1 as military Instructor ut the state university. Dawes was nn applicant for a commission in one of the engineer regiments then being organised under the Col. Thtodoro Roooovolt. direction of Samuel Felton, from volunteer* with experience in railroading, and wanted me to help him get the appointment. I asked him whether he knew anything about engineering, and he said that when a youth^he had ^carried a chain a month or eo for a surveyor In Ohio. In was not much Impressed with his _ pretentions as an engineer or as a * prospective military possibility, but I did have knowledge of his business ability and experience, and knew that he would be valuable in some position requiring his qualifications, so I spoke to the secretary of war In his behalf. Requests from National Guard officers and from governors for the early acceptance of their state units llterallv ooured into the War department. The clamor became so general and so Insistent that the secretary of war happily conceived the Idea of forming a composite dlvisibn to include troops from every state In the Union. I! thought the suggestion a good one and gave It my hearty Indorsement. This was the origin of the Forty-second (Rainbow) division, which was later to distinguish Itself in several fngagemanli ?/ ? ?' ?-J CHAPTER IV. My first and my only meeting with President Wilson until after the armlstlce occurred May 24, miT. when *1 called on him with Secretary of War Baker. After some conversation with Mr. Baker on shipping, Mr. Wtleon turned to me. t "General, we are giving yon some difficult tasks these days," said the President. "Perhaps so," I replied, "hst that Is what we are trained te expect, Mr. President." The President then men tinned my expedience In Mexles and Inquired about my acquaintance with Frfcncei, 1 bed expected him te any something about the part our army should play In the war, but he said nothing. Premised Pull Support. Upon leaving, I said: "Mr. President, I appreciate the honor you have conferred upon me by the assignment you have given me, and I realise the reeponsibllltles It entails, but you can count upon the best that la In me." To this the President replied: "General, you were chosen entirely upon your record, and I have every confidence that you will succeed; you shall have my full support." The President then asked me to convey to the king of Great Britain and to the President of France hit greetIngto and best wishes. His manner was cordial with, his.poise and his sir of determination. His assurance of confidence In me was gratifying, but In the difficult situatlons that arose later regarding the manner of aiding the allies, he was inclined to yield to tie persistent Importunities Of the allied fspreeenfatlvee In Washington. I In the actual conduct of operations I was given entire freedom, and In this respect was to enjoy as expsrience unique In the history of American wars. Letter Making Him Chief. t0 MUX 1f(0"nfw *fl?| VUOIIIJ k?p imt MO ft iMttr of tootfoctftooo Wm ^ W T w u i mm? MMiniftf M WOOftMf OMoMMPM k Wo*' x' it a * and duties in which If quoted la mil ,'The President direct* rae to communicate to yog the-following! "1. The President designates you 10 command all the ' land forces of the United State* operating In continental Kuropc and In the United Kingdom of tireat Britain and Ireland. Including any part of the marine corps which may lie detached for service there with the arrn.v. Knyd your . mi mand are excepted the u Hilary attaches and others of the gy*n< who may lie on duty directly with our several embassies , "2. You will proceed with yohr ?tutr (o 10urope. Upon arrival III Great Britain, France or any other of the countries at war with the imperial German government, you will at once place yourself in communication with the Amcrlcun embassy and through lta agency with the authorities of auy country to which the forces of the United States may be sent. "8. You are invested with the authority ami duties devolved by the law, regulations, orders and austoms of the United States upon the commander of an army lu the held In time of war and with the authority and duties In like manner devolved upon department commanders In peuce and war, Including the special authorities and duties assigned to the commander " Charles Q. Dawes In War Time. ?f the Philippine department, in so far as the same are applicable to the particular circumstances of jour command. U. 8. Forcea "Separate." "4. You will establish, after consultation with the Frendh war office, all necessary bases, lines of communication* depots* etc., and Make all the Incidental arrangements essential to active participation at the front. "5. In military operations against the imperial German government you are directed to cooperate wtth forces of the other countries employed against that enemy; but In so doing the underlying Idea most be kept in view ' that the forces of the United States are a separate and distinct component of the combined forces, the ifdentity?of which?must?be preserved. This fundamental rule Is subject to such minor exceptions In particular circumstances v as your judgment may approve. The decision as to when your command, or any of Its parts, Is ready for action Is confided to you, and you will exerclsa full discretion In determining the manner of co-operation. But, until the ? In rJ*ur Judgment} sufficiently gjiisf to warrant operations as an Independent command. It Is unffrgttpd th*t jo* Win co-operate ns a component of whatever army yew may be assigned is by the French government." Ik Yew will i*ep the department fully advised of all that consents your command and Will eom' maatcate your recommendations ft |*f and directly to the depart*$*dv lh general yon are Tested With air necessary authority to carry on the war vigorously la harmony the spirit .of these instructions and toward a victorious conclusion. ' (Signed) NEWTON D. BAKER." Warty Sails In Secrecy. On the date of my sglllafc, May 28, . 1917* my party assembled at Governor's island, New York. < All had bet* Instructed to proceed with the utmost secrecy, even wearing civilian clothes until they \ ere aboard the steamship Baltic. Although we ourselves stole silently out through the fog and down the bay, the large number of quartermasters and other officers stationed near New York dashing around In uniform rather ostentatiously that day really amounted to an announcement something out of the ordinary was happed- Ing. But It must be said to the credit of the press representatives that they ! were moat discreet, ts the papers generally published nothing about us un1 til we were In Europe. During the VIA age most of my 'time was spent in conference with thfc heads of staff department* rewarding their duties and plana. The study of French was taken np by many officers, and classes were In acaalon at all hours. n In the Danger Zone. Jung 8 the Baltic began to signs* and we realised we ..were In the dan7ftiwr American deetiujp^E, fiT? m something of n thrill aud fully restored confidence. No submarines were observed, however, and the weather was perfect throughout the voyage. We steamed Into Liverpool June 8. A cordial reception awaited us, with guard of honor from the Royal Welsh fusiliers. This selection had a sentimental significance in that the regiment not only fought against us a| Bunker Hill but fought beside us during the Boxer rebellion In China. Ah .we stepped off the gangplank the band played "The Star-Spangled Banner" to welcome us, this being tbe first time In history that an American army ever was received officially in England. A royal conch attached to a "Special train took our party to London. At Euston station wo were welcomed hv Lord Derby, secretary of state for war; Field Marshul Sir John French, Gen. Lord Brooke, Walter Hlnes Page, the American ambassador, Admiral Williams S. Sims, and many other British and American officials. King George Not Optlmletle. I was received by King George at Buckingham palace Jnne 0. Hla majesty was in the uniform of a field , marshal _And be -talked with me in democratic fashion for a few minutes before the other senior members of my staff were presented. The king expressed his pleasure that America bad come into the war* add dwelt opon the fact that Anglo-Saxon people Were united at last in n common mm "The Anglo-Saxon rata sunt save civilisation," he added, asked too numerous (jtfestiSit about America'* prapsratloa fer war. Leaving tbfc feaiace, wo wnt to eer embassy and daring an MNml talk Mr. Page remarked how happy he was that America vti at lectin the war, and added: "Now I am able to bold up my bead and look people squarely In the eye." Through hla service as ambassador he waa beloved and honored by the British people, who admired his virile personality, but many Americans did not spprovo of his rather apologetic attitude toward hla own country prior to our entry Into the war in aid of the all tea. Admlrll 81ms Not Satisfied. I had a talk with Admiral Sims, who waa not In personal command of our fleet serving with tho British navy, but remained In London with an office at our embassy and directed the movements of our naval vessels, especially destroyers, from there. Be was not satisfied with the support given him from hornet and complained that the Navy department had not sent nil the destroyers 'asked "for. Be said the department seemed to fesr attacks Along our coast end did not realm* tbe danger to the cans# In the enormous destruction of merchant shipping going on In European* waters. The admiral's report of these loes**wss,nothing short of startling, hst he thought they might b# checked If be could have S sufficient number of destroy era. Without more of this class of itrifli, alias waa not asndUns over tho prospect* of protecting dor tramsporta. liwoossr. he made it dear that Mmm tfianftil a" liTjisria nmlM Va msi!* pi'wSiOlw wITOri WOUHI wPj Wa''* to that end, (Continued next week) . - x ?' - Nobody's Business WritUn for Th* Chronic)* by Geo McGee, Copyright, 1P2B. PBA8 AN!) HAKMONY ... .The happiest time of my life struck jme when I was about 7 years of age,' Th? thing that made me ho happy was a 5-eent mouth or?an that old S&hta Ola us brought me. 8he was made in Germany and had 14 holes ip it. r i ....Now, folks it wassent very long after I took that thing out of my stocking till I was an authority on mouth organs. I blowed it so hard the first few hours, I sprung one of her keys, and had to take her down and fix it-^-^os it would never Wow again. ... .By noon of that eventful Christmas day, my lips and jaws were so sore from havling that instrument slid back-ward and forward across them, I couldn't eat soup. I had never heard but one tune, and that was "Goon shine." They say I could piny her fine in less than a week. .... Being a pretty good mechanic, I kept my musical monstrosity (the only one ever seen in that community) in fine trim. She was made by |Mr. Hohner, in Germany, and I'll never forget how pretty and shiny her sides were. I lost the nut off the holt that held the sides on up towards the keen keys, but I bradded the old. Jfuzzy, and she was O. K. again. ... .1 would let any of the little niggers blow my mouth organ provided they would cut my stovewood, or slop ,my hogs, or shuck my shucks for the cows, or tote water for the ash-hopper, or do any other chores that I had to account for. (N. B. Germs had not arrived in America at this time.) .... By the tenth day of my ownership of this handful of music, she sounded something like this when I blew it: "Pzz-zzz-eke?zzz-uz," but I carried the tune right along regardless of the minor discords. T played several times for the black coons and the white brats to shuffle by, but I played so fast, they coulddent near shuffle to my time. ....I often wonder how many barrels of slabbers wo younguns biowe I through that mouth organ, course, only the ones that pa In some way ever got a chance To do any blowing) 1 woriced o<>n*w*|itlyi on my treasure. I got ho'k |?.$?&uljl take the sides off and put them back in the dark. It got sand and stud' in it and by March, she had just about played her last tune, so 1 swapped her for a pet rabbit which got^kSvay the next day and 1 haven't wen her since. flat rock news. ... .a good manny parties will be hell , this week' in our town onner count of j miss ellie may smith is planning to get married as soon as possible to jerry smith both of the same state and County aforesaid, as announced by her, mother in yore paper last week before jerry had fully made up his mind. , ?1 , . . .The first party will be a light shower and will be give at the bride's aunt's house on westviow at T> p. m , and all is asked to fetch along u useful pres&ent for light house keeping such as frying pans and dishes unso-. forth. refreshments will be served and the culler skeom will be lilies of the valley if arvny can be found dpwn in her pastor, and allso roses. ....i have benn assed to explain in my collum that jerry smith is no kin to ellie may smith, but both of them is smith's newer the less, jerry's daddy is from the cellur brated smiths who married pokey hunlus, the injun, in filly delphia, and ellie may's daddy is a fifth cousin to the smith who made the smith & wesson pistol, and was descended from a long line of famous smiths, including the black smiths and possilbly a lock smith or so. mrs. smith, the bribe's mamma, has not decided whether she will have a chuivh wedding or arrange for it to be hell, .^t her own home, she feels like a. efcuroh wedding will sound bigger, but In a far id that the guesaes won't7Iftekg as manny pressouts to "the c1tu|chr:aj> they might fetch to her private home, ho this inhumation will come out in this collmn next week, her littl^, boV,- willie, will bo one of the tlowef girls am; j.inmic w.ll hold up her t f a in. . . . .jerry,?is a self made man and is now clerking in the hall & charge grocery on saddays. he was gradurated fioin lire hi. t year hints in the ,8 grade. mls? el lie may is now in the 7, but will enter the 8 if she don't marry pretty soon, as she has already bow* In it 3 years and her teacher's name is miss mollio thickhed of piney lane, georgy. ., . .i asked ellie may's dajldy yestiddy what he thought of the match, but he had newer heurd of it Ibefoar, us she don't tell her (bizness to him, but he felt like it would be a big relief to all concerned onner count -of his ford. mr. editor, i will rite or foam in the wedding as soo-n as it is over for the society collum. yores trulie, mike -Clark, rfd., corry spondent p 1 ' Hand its held up a private bank ut Waterhury, Conn., \Ve<lnesday and got away with $4,00(), - ' ' ROBT. W.MITCH AM Architect \ Crocker Building, j I , t ! Camden, S. C. j ?/ FORD RELIABILITY j O nnt roni Tl!DO* BKOAN JLong9 hard use shows the value of good materials and simnUcitu of desian I Everywhere yon go yon hear report* of the good performance and reliability of the Ford* | One owner writes?"Jhe Ford Tudor Sedan I am I driving hae covered 59,300 milea through all hinda of weather. It It still giving perfect Satisfaction." I Another owner deiciibefl a trfjp of 3217 tyti^ea I in 95 hour* over Ibad roads and through heavy rain | and sleet in the mountains. "Throughout the en! tire trip," he writes, "thej Faid|jprfsraae4 CRp I ceQently and no mechanical trouble of any kind j! was experienced. The shatter-proof glass an* j doubtedly saved us from serious injury when a j prairie chicken struck the windshield while we j; were traveling at 65 miles an hour." - See the nearest dealer and have him give you a j I demonstration ride in the Ford. Then, from your I own personal experience, you will know that it | brings you everything you want or need in a motor J ear at an unusually low price. j I LOW FORD PRICES *43<f to *630 (f. o, k Dstrohp pl&r frdghi ami ddlvary. Bumper* and I pmtm tirm mxtra at low cost. You am buy a Ford foro ?fce tmtkortaOd Ford Fioanao Fiona of lh UulaaruU Camomy.)