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no tax now LUDENS menthol cough drops price fg'f J straight GIVE QUICK RELIEF tomtrnt Y?tt~ 53 M4*4 MfUtm ?VW^VWVVVVVVVWVVVWiVA il-J? '^-.LAe: ?'?"-?'? ?-.? ??'* ' FKOM FORK8T TO FIKJCSIDK First Machinery For Manufacture ot Paper Invented by Frenchman. ( I K>u rl>orn I n<l<?]H?ml<nur. ) When you ha ml your pemtfeft to the newsboy for your favorlto ttewtfpagxtr ami turn Its numerous jxutfos 4o find the mihject 111 wlvlch you arc interested, ipiiettier it 1k? politics, sport? or Just news -you doubt loss littlo think ttMtt. could it apeak, tin* plain pai>or on which la written the story of tho Hny's halftonings prohuhly would tell a tale quite as Interesting as auy that la oar rted on ita face, While I shall deal with the munnfue lure of from wood pulp Ifid iiierc particularly the waking of now.spriur, it might not (m> <>?H of place if I were to give hero u short history of tf*' art of puper making in genera). Tho oar tf est use of papor is aorue wh.it obscuro, tup It is ki?own that, tho juannfaeturc of i>ai>er from fibrous sub stances was practiced by tho CM nose nt a very remote (period, From them, knowledge of paper making paaaed to tlio Arabs as early as 7fil A. I>. 'Hie Chlmwo and Aral** made their j?n^r out of cotten or linen rags. princlpiUy the latter. Curiously enough, it wa & the Moors In SiMiln who first Introduced paper In to 10 u rope in the twoMih century. lty the fourteenth century it had goivonnlly 4 superseded vellum lu Kuropo. ? Tills n>a'i>er wan wade by band, ot ?vvurso. The first piper making ma Condensed and Improved Schedules VIA THE o NORTHWESTERN RAILROAD, of South Carolina AND THE f Atlantic Goast Line Railroad VIA SUMTER Southbound (Daily, except Sunday) Northbound FARES 3:25 P. M. Lv Camden .... Ar. 11:40 A.M. 9:35 P. M. Ar. . Charleston .. Lv. 6:35 A.M. $4.42 3:25 P. M. Lv. .... Camden ... Ar. 11:40 A.M. 1:55 A. M. Ar. .... Augusta .... Lv. 2:40 A.M. $5.56 6:40 A. M. Ar. .. . Atlanta Lv. 7 :40 P. M. $10.65 11 :45 A. M. Ar Macon Lv. 5t20 P. M. $10.06 Through Sleepers between Sumter and Atlanta, leav ing Sumter southbound 9:30 P. M. and arriving Sumter northbound 7:15 A. M. ? ' . ?f . . For further information regarding fares, schedules, etc., via the Northwestern Railroad and its connections* communicate with the local Ticket Agent. Camden. S. C. TELEPHONE 128 eldno was litt^Kwl 1u France by Ia>u1s Hubert lu 170S. It was ItUroducMl iqiD I'.ngNmd by Henry Fourdrlider. who used it a.s ti model for a K??all\ im proved machine* which ho completed lu . inti# and wliMt. \\ 1 1 li o rulu Improve iim'iiH hi id*' M VarmiM other slnee. .-.till rontain? OM iff the prlncliml I'M !'?'!? ma U ' 1 1 i- machine <vf the present day li is priha i?s wife to fmy that (iu> majority of nnohiius (Mid '?? tho world's taper trade bear the ueutne of, this pioneer inveirtor. Whether you live within souurt of the *x?|l of the Atlantic* wavo?? <?? tlio t U* 'nppings of tho sparkling Pacific; on the treeless pluln* of tin* Southwest, or along tin* muddy Mississippi ; within tho shadow of the forests of Maine or tho shores of the Oulf of <M?xlco: It In more than likely that the paiper on which your daily now* is printed flame orttfhiailly from tli<? forests of Canada ; and It tulfc^it even l>e that the trees out of which It was u?ade grow on ranges of Id I Is whose northern hV.?jk?h drain Into tho Hudson l*ay. To got thin story at first hand. I vla II ed ? iminlHM- of tl*e large pulp and paper mi?<V* *ituated on the banks of the Ottawa river? n river ?Hie fktod* waters of whooe tributaries reach up Into the great ltVina<linn JN>rfhland, with Its vast forests of till elc l y {grafting Hptuee,' pi ne and balsams. Even though the exploitation of tUn a da's limber Wmls on -such a large scu'e as lit present Im comparatively re cent, the forest areas have lioen forced !*a<-k hy the march of civilisation ujvtll^ now a grent deal of the pulpwood which Is used on (he Ottawu is- two years in making the Journey from the stump to the mill. When the awampR and stream* ore frozen over, and all is covered with a deep blanket of snow, the loggers th> gln their cutting. Trees from eight to 12 inches in diameter are taken. In i some cases lodging for sawmills Is un dertaken jointly ; /the larger timber go ing to the lumber mills, and the small er to the pulp mills. The logs are cut into 12 or 10-foot lengths and piled qo ! skldways. Later, croads are swamped from one skidway to another leading down to the hanks of tho streams j Then teamsters come along with their wide-bunked sleigliy and haul the logs to the edge of the water, where they j ure stacked on larger skidways to I await the coming of spring. When the hot sun of the lengthening J days brings the snow off the mountains in rushing torrents of water wlilch illl every creek, rivulet ami river to their banks, tho slddways are broken open and the logs go tumbling pell-mell over cascades nnd rapids on tliedr wny to the main river. Quite frequently tho fresh et pisses and tho streams have been reduced again to normal before the bulk of the drive reaches the main REGISTERED F.S.ROVSTER GUANO COMPANY t Norfolk, Va Richmond, Va Lynchburg, Va Tarboro, N. C. Charlotte, N. C. Washington, N.C. Columbia, S. C. Spartanburg, S.C. Atlanta, Ga Macon, Ga Columbus, Ga Montgomery, Ala Birmingham, Ala.~Baltimore, M& Toledo, Ohio stream. !<(>??? are ' fcwft strauiMI tn llioiiMii mis among t>he ritcks along (lio *ldo> <>!' Mie streams ami lUlM 1 ! there until the u?\t > e*a r'* ftv-lu't car-' lie* them on again toward their ob Jaetlvc. Others . attain contfiygfl to at j the head of the mid at other ] mirrovv places. or at iiolnts, where rooks stick up from tin- bottom of the ih.i. iiihI form huge Jams which only the] jlKitchUis iwo of dynamite 1>y tho rlv- i erniou will release. Khentually, tlie ; lot** rnusjb the holding boocna at the ! pulp miMs. Arrived ut Mm mill aim, they aro car ried into1 the mill horizontally by moan* of endless chain oonveyors to a lot tery Of CUt-Off ??? WS. W^lMl TedUCC tbero to seotloas of about IN imtiies. or *o. in, length.. Thtwe bolts go next to machines fU t ih! with hw IftV i*rtfat1ivg kinlvea which atrip off the hark am! leave ttwxra m clean nml smooth as a lead i|vmit. From the barkers the holt's drop Into a large trough filled with running water and are carried ttusreby to tho mn chine* which convert them Into pulp There are two principal method^ of manufacturing wood pulp : by mechaii ica 1 moans. and by chemical action, 1 shall describe the ground wood, or m^ Ohanjclb process first. The jrrluder r(K>m of a ground wood pulp lit 1 U where water power 'Is used \S generally situated on ? floor below the surface love', so ns to got the lit nuwt |N>wcr from the water. Here may ho found from 12. to 1 < J. or more, grlrnt Inir maehh'ioa. In the 1*a.??e of each of the?M> mmlUuos Is a huge .revolving gr!ndvtoiU\ 'Hie bolts are taken from the Water conveyor and fed by hand Into the. machines, through nurtures, generally three In numtvor, which le?id ?to Mpoekets." oik* slde'xrf which Ik ex posed Jo the grindstone. Tliify* are hold against the stone by hydraulic i>re?s ure. A stream of water Is cottttmvilly for<Hxl -til rough tlie grinders at the same time. Tho result is a (pulp which looks somewhat llfto thin porridge. Tt flows Into a large hink 1>onoath the floor of tho grinder room, f 1*0111 whence it is pumped into the paper mill. Making chemknl pulp js a much more involved process, of which there ore two particular methods mynv gen erally in use ? the suKrftihto and suVhite processes. I shall dosoriiio Mie latter method here. as fh?j two are quite -sim ilar, sulphate of soda Ining us^sl in the one instead of sulphurous acid, as in the other. After leaving the barkers. holts des tined to he converted into /mlphiitc |?uUp are -carried hy water to a chipper which literally eats them up. ^^-They go in tas bolts at one end and come out chips ar the other. These chips are from one half to five-eights of an inch in thick ness and look like those which are made by IT beaver, or hy a none too en ergetic axma.11. Unlike the grinder tn the ground wood process the object* or the chljiper is not to reduce the wood to a pulp, but to preserve as long a fi ller as Is practicable. The chips then pass over s<*TfHvns wWoli remove all saw dust and other finely ground wood, as well as chips that are too large to be dealt with sat isfactorily by the (Hunters. After be ing screened they are placed In large iron tanks each having a capacity of from 20 to 24 cords of pulpwood. or about twelve tons of sulphite pulp. To the wood is now added about 0,000 gal lons of sulphurous acid which has pre viously been filtered through limestone. The whole mass Is tlien subjected for tipwa-rd of 24 (hours to stoam heat run ning up to 145 degrees centigrade. Aft er cooking, the chips to the eye seem wry little elm n god excepting that they appear to be a sltadc darker. They have undergone just about the same de cree of variation hi color that slices of a^irple present after being exposed to rtle air for a few hours. But the no-, ture of the chips has t>eon altereo. Whereas, before they were bard ; now they are soft awl <*a|pabV> of being squeezed into a pulpy mass with the hand. Sulphite pulp is used for the maini fact u re of the best qualities of paper. : Tt produces a paper ' having greater ! tensile strength because of the long fibers which the sulphite process does not destroy as Js the case in the grind ing process. Besides this, tho bleaching aotlon- of the digestive process makes a lighter | colored pi?Jp. and consequently Is more ; suited to the better grade** of paper. v J . ? Some mills merely manufacture pulp ami do not finish the paper, but ship their products to other mill/*, or there are times when more palp is manu factory than Hi reQ wired for the paper mill and It is desired to frtore It until it Is needed. In such' cases the pulp, after leaving the grinders or digesters, J passes through a machine known as a "decker.* which allows a great deal of the water to drain off. reducing K once again to s porridge-like consistency, after which It goes to what Is known as a "wet machine," where it Is- picked op by a cylinder of t*rass wire cloth overlaid by felt, and from thewee trans ferred to a tr&v?Hoc tsit bstt on which K looks like so mocft sodden blotting paper. It is here cui loto sections aod tikis slab of pttlp is tsdSatoslly known as a "lap." As It tesvss the "wet *?a rhino." ll ????mains m h. ?u t TO V- CCtltl ?'r j Water?* The hip* are plncod hi hyimu , He presses and until i ho WH'tW Is reduced to ivVt- H! '?r* per cent. and th<\v in**' th?u *i'4i<?H d away In m DQ4.H yard for lufv U are Ibrtdod into cars mxl rtljtfpl^d to p \ per in I Is c'sm lit iv in (';!in'i<':l ??! fn !'i. l'nlt?*d States. flit 4tvU pVfljV W1 W<> are dealing here more |>vV? '?"? iarly with tho tiiamvflRoture of n nv ; l?rint. The (MtxwH Is ni*^?xjtinu*^y the same for all other l< J n?l ?: of raicr. In making new**ir<lut, a pulp mixture containing iM> i>er ccnt. "nriiihHc* and HO per cent. ground wood put!) 1# u#c<t. j The mixture la (loiHr.iit u machine ! known technicality ?? a "Ixntu" thfough whtoh the str?*?ni of pulp and water flows. It Is here tlv roui?M\ stirred ami mixed by rot ivtiivg p?d<Hw. Tin' pnxvss of "be'it.ing" Is one of the mostt Important in paper mak&tvr Here the puli* in inude ready for tlio i*iper machine*. Tho various .percentages of iho different Minis of pulp are l?!ond!*d in tho boateY. china clay or kiolin ts added to "size'' tho paper v<> as to k<M*i? it f r??m absoHtin:; llii' ink v\ Iumi printel or written on.; blue or r<sl dyes nrr added to Insure whltcHc?s on- the flimr principle that the '?aundrrss ri st?s hev vtafrhos* in a solution of "Mn'ii',';" iwl in ca^s where colored pati>er is ro;pdr od tho coloring miitorlnl a.lxo js mlx<>d In wSth t'lio ptil'p in thp 1**1 tor. Tin* boater room is generally the np l>(*v story of I'm* paper hill'. The pntp Is pnni|H?d in solution front th:* pulp nilM to tho heaters ami then after be~ tng screened passes to tanks which feed tin* paper making inaoh lives. Paj?er is really wo<*d i*nste Kprend out evenly and thiuily and dried under pressure. .? ... The pai>er making niaoldne itself Is not eoropllon<ted, although it ociuplos a spnee 011 tihc floor of tin* mill of about 1 fVO feet from ono end to the other. '1 he greater port of the tqiuco is made necessary because wrnxl ]>u^> at all KtHKo* of Its ma nn fact n i>* contnins such a largo percentage of water, and this must aU be removed by one iiv^hk or another in a very short time. When tin* pulp rcaehon the )*ai>er machine it pours in like a stream or bn<t U'rmllk and l? picked up by a wide endless of bronze wire cloth nbout 25 feet from roller to roller, aixl vary ing in width from 100 to til Inchon, or more, in accordance with "flic size of the machine. This belt has a lateral side motion as wrili which selves to distribute the pulp evenly over Its sur face*. This motloi>, at tin* same time, causes tlie filx*rs to askume a ix>sltloti jMiraUel to the <lire<^4on in which the wire screen Is traveling and also causes them to Integrate one with the other ?o as to form a con tl nous sheet. Dur ing this (process a great deal of water, is drained out Itvrougdt the meHln^ of the screen or shaken out by tihe lateral action?- - ? ? From t lie brnoae mesh belt. or pint form, the pulp ? ii?w n thin. ? In picked up by n number of endless felt belts and curried under a series of pressure rolls which eliminate tst1 \1 more moisture ; ihou finally <iver -and under a succession of njTprojjflnvntelj* .10 pairs of hollow strain heated cylinders, efich about 30 Inches in diameter. 'Hie film of pulp, Is carried throughout hy t ra v?'l i itjr ftflt 1m?14h. By the time it has passed through this aerlei* of cylinders it Is quite dry and has boeonm a con tinuous hand of paixT from K to 12 feer in width according to the machine on which It is made. It is rouuh. how ever nnd yet unsutted for use. From til? last of the drying cylln eers this strLp of paper is threaded through "what Is known as a "calender sta<*k" consisting of a nwn/l>er of heavy chilled steel rollers placed one on top of the other ? as many as a d <rr. -en In all depending on the degree of finish desired. I The dry, rough strip of paper goes round the topmont roller. and so on, down through them all until when it j emerges from t>etween the lowermost two it is re<?dy for tlie market. Ite windlng rolls transfer the paper to final reels while revolving knives divide It longitudinally Into whatever -widths ore required hy Che verious m-wspapers for whCh the paper Is destined. It then goes to the Shipping roo?n to become a part of a shipment to some hungry printing pros*, perhaps >1,000 miles away from whfxre It, as a tree, had formed pnrt of the mighty forest land of the north. ? IX M. I^e Bourdais. TAX NOTICK. Office %t Treasurer Kershaw County] Camden, a C? Sept. 20, 1021. Notice is hereby given that the hooka will be opened for the colUnrtlon of Statfe, County and School Taxea from October 15th, 1921, to March 15th, 1922. A penalty of 1 per cent will he added to all taxes unpaid Jan nary 1st, 1922 ; 2 i>er cent February lat, 1922 and 7 per cent March 15th 1922 The rate per centum for Kersbaw Comity ia as ' Mills State Taxes ? 12 Good Roads. ? 2 gy T?x?. uj :-.f ? -rS T Detroit Mich.. t\v?? men, ??n> scv . nfy a.'iit ill t* ol tow ft!xty four, got III ;? fight Salwrdiy over um nrgnineii-l a* f\? which \v i\ n Hi*1 <H?t man, ami of them lauded in I ho hospital while 1 ' ? fu r WOlll to Jail. Tiie Tenuosaeo river Imd reaeChod a flood stage of 33 feet at Chattanooga yesterday. * School r?|Xi% .......v....,,...,. ..... $ ivKalh low i 'ship road bonds. 3 To'iti - V. jw Dog lax $1.25. All dog owners arc required to tnntro a return off tholr dogs to tiio County Treasurer, who in required to furulsh ? license tag. All dogs caught without ilic license U|E the owners will t>c subject to a fine ?>f I went y tflMKXH dollar 9. I he following school districts have special levies; School District No. \ ......21 School District : No, 2 8 School District No. 3 School District No. 4 ...6 .School District No. 6 h School District No. 0*.., ^ School District No. 7 ? . ,8 School District No. 8 ..., ,. 8 School Dint rift No. t>.. 4 School District' No. JO..... 5 School District No. 11 0 s. [idol District No. 12 11 School District No. 13.. . .~l S School District No., 1-1.. ...... ................. ,8 ?Vhooi District No. 15....... S School District No. 10 .... 4 , School. District No. IT ... 8 School District No. 18 1 School. District No. ID 4 School District N'o. 20., .4.... 4 School'. District No. 21 4 s.'iio>?i District No. 22 .11 <chool District No. 23 3 s huoi District No. 21 S School District No. 25... ....- 8 School District No. 20... 8 School District No. 27....:..., . S School' District No. *28........ 8 School District No. 20..., . H School District No. 30 8 School District No. 31......... 8 School District No. 32 8 School District No. 33 7 8 School District No. 34 ...,. 8 School District No. 35 N School District No. 36 8 School District No. 37 2 School District No. 8H. ^ 8 School District No. 30 5 School District No. 40... ......17 School District Wo. 41.. 8 School District No. 42 8 School District No. 43 4 School District No. 44 .: 8 School District No; 46... '. 8 School District No. 47' 8 . The i>oil tax Is ^1.00 All uble-bodieo ma;e persons from the age of twenty one ?i-'i) to sixty (00) years, both inclusive, except res ident* in incorporated towns of the county, shall pay $4.00 us a road tax except ministers of the gosinsl ac tually in charge of u congregation. Teachers employed in public schools, school trustees nud persons perma nently disabled In tlie military service of this State and persons who sorved in the War Between tho Statos and all persons uctually employed In the quarantine service of this state and all residents who may be attending school or college at the time when said road tax shall become due. Pen sons claiming disabilities must pre sent ci 'tificates from two reputable physicians of this connty. All information with reference to taxes will be furnished upon applica tion. D. M. MeOASKir,L. Connty Treasurer. FOR FIRST CLASS PAINTING see S. D. HAMMOND Town and Country Work Solicited I > 1008 Fair St. Camden, S. C. r I Dr. C. F. Sowell CENTSST (Office Over Bruce'* Store) CAMDEN, S. C. T. B. BRUCE Veterinarian LyttlHon St., Phone 114 CAMDEN, S. C. DR. R. E. STEVENSON DENTIST ('rocker BirtUHng Cumiea, R. C.~ COLUMBIA LUMBER & MANUFACTURING CO. MILL WORK SASH, DOORS, BLINDS AND LUMBER FLAW A HUGSR STS. PUm 71 COLUMBU.a.C.