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Ralicia in lime - % ?GAUCiAN "Woman at thc, plow BFOKK the war geography and Jk,||(1cs combined to make (Jnll ilu a province apart from itH udghbors. On the south the ithlaas cut off easy access from gry; on the north the liusxlnn ^ler was much inore than a con ?tlonul hue. [Liicla was l)art of the old kingdom [Poland, but in the eastern part of province its population, mainly jeulan, was openly antagonistic to {h" stormy debp.te* in assembly ?t Lemberg and the stu nts' rows In the unlverBity of the city often proved. Even in re us matters there" was no union, the provincial capital boasted rival archbishops aft well as a dignitary of orthodox Jewry. The Indeed, were everywhere, as pet rtraders, usurers, bnnlters, and year lyear they were becoming more and the economic masters of the a try, writes A. Wyatt Tilby in the odon Graphic. The country was ir, but It whs made to be wealthy. soil is good, there is excellent able and pasture, there are valuable in the mountains, and, above |tll, there are vast oil fields. It was oil which attracted the only Eng hmeu or Americans who ever went l|? Gallcla. But there was a heavy luoual drain of emigration, and it Itsed to be said in jest that there would on be more Gatlclnns in Chicago and (Winnipeg than in Gnllcla. Bnt two years of war hit Gallcla fkard. and the second year harder than like first. Lemberg, which has changed hinds twice, has indeed escaped dam Jife. and Przeinysl?a miserable, seC lod-rate town, in spite of Its strategic [Import ance-?-siifTered little during the Iprolonged siege. Cracow, too, far away I to 'he west, where the great monu |Bents of old Polish history combine to [form one of the most interesting, if rented iIn* real wealth of the family, niude themselves snug In the rest of the room. The floor was trodden earth, and sanitation was as the snakes of Ireland. The extraordinary thing to an Englishman was that this insufferable atmosphere produced beautiful children, healthy women and sturdy men. I have seen children come ont of a hovel whose graceful carriage might be the envy of a woman of fash Ion, and whose faces were those of angels. Typhus Is Their Scourge, According to our notions, they should all die of consumption; but typhus, born in dirt and nourished on under feeding, Is the real scourge of the coun try. When a case breaks out, the family of the victim go to the church and the whole village comes to pray with them for the patient's recovery; and typhus being one of the most in fectious diseases ktiown, it must be a very mild, innocuous type that does not produce an epidemic when th^se are the only means taken to cure It. I suspect that much of the heavy mortality among the troops lighting in Gallcla has been due to this cause. There have been hints in the Austrian, and more particularly the Hungarian papers, of terrible outbreaks all along this front. The doctors can do little under military conditions; only winter can lessen the scourge?by killing off the victims. But In spring the whole thing wilf break out again. y Meantime the condition of Gallcla must be miserable indeed. The heavi est fighting on the eastern front has been there; the terrific battles of Halicz have almost rivaled Verdun. It is known that the Germans have car ried off much of the stock to replenish their own larders. Nearly all the able bodied men of the country have been called up for military service over two years. Agriculture has been practical 1XJTBUR0 , OAUCIA Wast visited, of European cities, threatened for some months, but tas so far only heard the echo of the Pins, it is the villages and smaller towns that have suffered. Its Villages Not Beautiful. Now, ? Gallelan village Is not, as a rote, a beautiful object. No artists rtslt the country to paint its cottages; author^ waste superlatives on its fustic charm. Indeed, the only thing superlative about It is its mud, which Ls as niut-h a specialised product as a London foj;. in the wintesj when the is hard, one may, If sufficiently '?ollsh aihI inexperienced, walk down ^ street without leggings reaching to toe knee and still emerge recognizably human; in high summer the mud changes its form but not its evil na by turning into dust. But for the re*t of the year it is Just mud. Even toe women wear Wellingtons, and tuck 'bell" skirts in at the top. Nor is a Galiclan interior much more ^tractive. The house, which is built clay, is necessarily fashioned to re *Ul 'be cold, for the winds from the D?nh blow straight down on the prov ,ncf- Even if the window is made to It is not opened from October to &y- I remember entering one such r?ttage on an Easter Sunday morning *?me years ago. The whole winter's '^cumulation of stale, exhausted air Insupportable after the fresh breeze out of doors. A sick was in the lnrge family bed; a *0 with its chickens looked at me *l'l'ionsiy from the other *nd of the ?*orefl quilt; an inqtilsltive pig pro Tv lls 5010,11 from beneath the toed. M ^ w bole family slept In that bed at 2JL "xr-^.t the husband, who occu i r?* the warm corner hy tbh *tof? At ^fcbt; and the animals, who reprfr* ly ruined; communication between east and west is cut off by the line of the opposing armies, which lies flat across the province from Volhynla to the Carpathians; and very many of the villages have been destroyed, as in other parts of Poland. Whatever tin political fate of Gallcia after the war the ifconqueror will have to rebuild Its industrial life from the foundation. Ancient Lead Diggings. Several Indian lead diggings and evi dence of Smelting furnaces used by In dians mnny years ago have been found by Charles E. Brown and Albert <>. Barton of Madison while studying the Indian remains in Grnnt county, ac cording to an article published In the latest number of the quarterly bulle tin of the Wisconsin Archaeological society. Although many evidences of Indian village sites, cemeteries and planting grounds.have probably been destroyed, the authors of the article were able to And about 15 village and camp xites, and ten mound groups In PlHtteville, Harrison, Potosi and Paris townships and in the vicinity of Cassvllle. Some of tlyj^old Indian loadjiiines were found within the city limits of Platteviile. They consist of burrows dug in the base of a hill nonr the water's edge.. An Indian smelting fur nace was discovered some time ago In Plattevflie township at a placf known at Tufa Falls. It consists of n bopper ghaped hole, lined with stone grat?*s upon which the lead ore was heaped and covered with burning wood. The melted lead dropped Into the hopper. . _ Puzzling. Why la It Mrom?fc eager to go shop ping "are unwilling to go marketing?. Author of LAKE arr? STREAM CAME FISIIING OUtJAHT * 10 I FLY TACKLE FOR BEGINNER. My Dear Duck: You wuut to got into tho fly-casting game, but you feol that the price of un outfit la high. That all depends, old man, on how you go about it. You have heard bo much about rods at |26 I to $60 and bo on, that it makes you feel sick when you think of practicing on Buch high priced tackle. You ex pect to give the tackle some hard knocks before you get the hang of the sport and you see your bankroll with a healthy case of shrinkage during the operation. For a starter there is no need of going deeper into the mint for an out fit than say $15 to $18 and if you do feel like playing her a little higher, $25 makes a limit, and at that you can get a good serviceable outfit that will take you through the season and give you a working practice that will make you a "stay-for-sure" fly-caster. Select Rod With Care. Of course every fellow wants as fine an outfit as he can select after he's in the game and has the rough edges worn off. A rod for instance should have the same consideration that one gives to the selection of a shotgun or rifle. It takes the same place in the fishing kit that the gun does In the hunting layout. A fellow pays a good price for a gun, he selects the best he can get and is mighty particular about the drop?the bore and all de tails, because he depends on his gun to stand him well at the right mo ment. Therefore as the rod holds the same value to the fisherman, the care in selection and the money put into the rod covers a big vital point in the outfit. However, for a starter wo can select a well made and serviceable line of tackle atja very moderate cost. I^pre is an outfit, from which a selection can be made at either end, as to price, and it wilJ cover tackle good enough for any beginner. You can buy the $5 rod or the $10 one or go anywhere between, and you will get good value as far as service goes. Outfit for the Beginner. Fly rod of split bamboo or steel, $5 to $10. Heel, single action, click, $1 to $5. Enameled waterproof silk line, $1.50. Half dozen 6 foot gut leaders, $1.25. Two dozen artificial flies, about eight patterns, $3. Fly book, $1.60. Wicker creel or basket, $2. Landing net (folding), $1.25. Leader box, 25c. In selecting your rod, make 1t a 9 to 9*? foot in length, 5 ounce weight, three piece with extra tip, snake guides, German silver ferrules and solid metal reel seat. The rod when together should turn around in the hand with exactly the same droop all around. It should show an even curve without lopping over to one Bide and have plenty of action when you whip or bend It. The line should be enameled water proof slit, level braided size E. Here you can go a little deeper If you wish and get a double tapered line, which being lighter at the ends makes less friction in going through the guides and enables you to shoot out the line for greater distance in your casts; however a level braided line will an swer the purpose. The reel is not as important In fly casting as in bait-casting, as if Is merely used to store surplus line. The featherweight, 60-yard size, weighing 3 ounces, makes a good all round reel, while the automatics ate coming into use to a greater extent each season. Flies You 8wear By. Whip n stream for a few hours trying every fly in your kit without a rise, when the flsh are "off," and then pick a fly at the wlndup when they happen to be "on" and get a well-filled creel and you will play that fly clean across the hoard, until the same thing hap pens over again with another fly. One well-known fisherman who carries in his kit an assortment of about a dozen flies, admits that in the past five years he has seldom used other than three flies and he is some fisherman at that, not the porch variety. For the eight patterns to go with the above outfit let it go at Coachman, Professor, Queen of Waters. Cow Dung, Brown Hackle. Silver Doctor, McOinty and Emerson Hough Buck tail. This last named"fly~rs a new one to most trout fisherman, but it sure is a killer. It isn't a very fancy looking cuss, Just an ordinary sort of a fly that don't shine up alongside of the dainty looking feathery affairs, but to those who have used it. it holds the first place In their fly book, because it is certainly some creel filler. With -the above tackle, Buck, yon can have many pleasant days on the trout streams and feel that you are learning a game that has added at* tractions every time you play It. DIXIE. . ?r- ? LIBERTY WAR BONDS What They Are Liberty War Bonds are issued by the United States Government for the pur pose of financing the war in behalf of Liberty and Humanity. The Bonds will be dated June 15, 1917. and will not be redeemed before June 15, 1932, or after June 15, 1947. They will bear interest at the yearly rate of 3 1-2 per cent, payable every six months, and will be exchanged for bonds bearing a higher rate of interest should any following issue carry a higher rate. Liberty War Bonds are issued in two classes?Bearer ?onds and Registered Bonds. Bearer Bonds, which are issued in denominations of $50, $100, $500 and $1,000, have interested coupons attached which will be accepted by any bank when the interest has been earned. The interest on Registered Bonds will be paid by the Government by direct check to the owner. When due, both the principal and interest will be payable in United States gold coin of the present standard value, and neither the principal nor the inter est will be subject to income tax. Liberty War Bonds will be issued either to the purchaser or in favor of any one the buyer may at any time designate. Why You Should Buy Them The purchase of Liberty War Bonds is the surest way of doing your part to end the war quickly and honorably. With the money obtained through them your Government will equip our own army and navy, furnish supplies to our Allies who for three years have been heroically fighting our battles. Without money men are useless, supplies are unobtainable, the war a lost cause. Liberty War Bonds therefore fur-nish a form of highest patriotism?for all. If you are going to war yourself, buy Liberty War Bonds to equip someone else who is going. If you're sending your son, buy Liberty War Bonds to support him. If you have no son to send, buy Liberty War Bonds to help the other man's son. If you want to end the war speedily, buy Liberty War Bonds to help push it to that conclusion. If you're foreign born,^ buy Liberty War Bonds and prove your loyalty be yond a doubt. & * , If your income is large, buy Liberty War Bonds because they are free from income tax. If your income is tmall, buy Liberty Wsr Bonds bscauis they afford the safest security and surest interest for your savings. Above all, if you appreciate the liberty that your country gives to you and yours, if you believe it worth while that these United States shall continue to ex ist in honor and in peace, you should at least lend your money to the cause as freely as ohers are dedicating their livps! Where To Buy Them Subscription blanks for Liberty War Bonds and full information will .be cheerfully furnished to you when you inquire at the Liberty -War Bond Window in any of the following places. Loan & Savings Bank First National Bank ' ? ? % * " Bank or Camden \