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THE CATTLE PRdeLEM fe? ~ ,N south cabpuna P.P- by Pro|ni?^ ^r.K.w County Cattle Ratw In fcgt: BulUlm. - ^ ? . ._., The production of l>eef cattle 111 the Carolina* g? Ii??t II nev\ undertaking, not any more than Is jww hr*W*ltUr, In which South Carolina once exccll ed. Yet both th?M> branches of the live atock industry are at ihl* lime aUtioat ItOH-CXlstent, SO HH product lift., won 1th I* eouceriwl. If beef cattle have boon gumwafully raised in South Carolina, why have they almost disappeared? To answer this, it Ih iwesaary to understand something of tho condition* or causes that have made cattle raising an un profitable business. Then we cai^ Sfifk those condition* necessary triiUcy fbr establishing the industry ui*m our farms an. a profitable undertaking. IU* low I lint the retarding factors In South Carolina's l>eef cattle Industry,, in the order of their Importance ; First, absentee land owners. . Second, ? the strange Infusion Into our native st??ck of the Channel Isle dairy breeds, Third, the cattle tick. Fourth, laek of eare In selecting bulla and the careleaa habit of fijlHng to cant rate undesirable animals. Fifth, -lack of fence* and pauturaa. Sixth, lack of murketa. I ^*?t us dlacusa theae causes briefly and In order. It la needless to dwell on the fact that any live stock requires the prln clpal's presence for Its nueeeaa. In fact, thia is true In a degree of all fanning, giving rlae to the old proverb that the master's foot is the best ma nure. Absentee landlords do not tend to make a section flourishing 111- uny branch of agriculture. Taking up the second factor, we all know that the Channel Isle dairy herds are all right for dairy purposes. They are perhaps our most prepotent breeders and have for, huntlrMls of years been bred away from boef types. THey are not rustlers. They can not or will not Rime to advantage. They are generally angular In form, bony, with little |K?wer of resistance to ills ease, and they succumb easily to lid verse conditions. They do not respond to feed ami are nearly always unpro- < lit able feeders. We have found that it pays to breed good bulls to our na tive cows when they are free from dai ry crosses, it takes too long to elim inate the dairy traits, even with good bulls, to make the ell'ort profitable. Third. Certainly every one knows the 'cattle tick and the "?um>c it wreaks, and it is not necessary to waste time referring further to this pest. Fourth. I have handled many hun dred head of native cattle and find tluits more than 7,r? per rent, of the males are allowed to grow to maturi ty without being castrated. This Is bad practice and is one thing I think the demonstration agent should strive to eliminate. Nothing but a pure bred sire should ever be used. Let us en deavor to grow a little better stuft' each year. For another thing, let us eliminate the practice of breeding heif ers too young. Fifth. No man can rals*? cattle In an agricultural community without fences. To try to do so Is to lose much of the benefit of live stock. We can not, without fences, glean our fields or , keep our neighbors' cattle <>fT. The average South Carolina pasture con sists of three loosely stretched barbed wires around the bead of a branch, taking In the neighboring hillsides and gullies, growing broom sedges, briars and old field pines ? a line place to have a good boast starve, of course, the waste land should be used for pas t u rage, but the briars should be nit. the pines cut and put into the gullies, and tin* broom sedge destroyed. As ;t matter of fact, broom straw furnisher 1 1 T^-W 1 ? ? good early pasturage and If the Kround Jfcgtttelt ?M ihs ?tr*w rut twl<* durtiiK the year, wo will have fair imatiirauc; but iwrr or whit? fin* v? r l* fur more l>euortelal to both cat' iff 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,?t*ture. ?*?r -experience has been that at least ?mk? <??<! better two) In absolutely neeeaMary to maintain a good pHaturet Our lack of g<?od markets in due mainly to our lack of mnnethtn* go<al to nell. With good cattle,; I llrinly l*e lleve w e ahould have good markets. Now let um consider the all Import* ant question -eun l>eef rattle Ih? profit* ahly raised on South Carolina farina on a proper system of crop rotation? My anawer Is yea, If we <*ouMlder good cattle; no If we |a?ndat In scrubs. Any one of the three brepds of cattle with, v^hlch I aiu familiar and have had ex-! IK^Uence will pay Its way and leave our lamia more fertile each year, but j we muat fence our ) statu re* ami plant nutritions granaes and legumea. Mow the paHture. but do not rake It and, above all. do not burn If off. Cattle graze and fatten better oil a paHture where the h<m1 Is tilled with vegetable matter. We have found lesisMle*a, burr elover. white clover, liermuda grass, Mallfln grass, orchard grass and lu?rd? grass profitable, and even crah grass, when young, will Ik? of some good. I>r. I.ong asks me this <|ueatlon : | "To Wliii f extent In South Cafolinif should the average farmer attempt to ratao cattle?" I have gone over this question from various points of view and conclude that any farmer owning his land or even leasing land should sell at least : one cow each year for every two bales of cotton raised, 'hike, for Instance, a two-horse farm with 100 acrea of land, planting In rotation 15 acres In cotton, if> acK's III corn, 15 acreft In oats followed by peas, tlve acres In lots and gardens and 50 acres In woods and pastures. Consider that such a man wl^l make 15 bales of cotton, which will give him l.'l, 000 or M.OOO pounds of seed to be t radwl for meal and all fed to live stock. Seven hundred to l.(KK) pound* of meal will tit a steer for market and seven *steers to be fed will require 5,000 to 7,000 pounds of meal, leaving the remainder of the meal to be fed to breeding cattle, yearlings, etc. He would get 'JO to .'10 tons of stover and ten to 15 bales of straw which, with peavlne hay. should winter his cattle and feed his mules. This would give this farmer at least $450 for his cat tle, costing only the rough refuse of the farm and time usually otherwise land III spent. This method would re turn to the soil, practically all the ele ments of fertilizer commonly sold ofF the farm and would easily furnish a heavy manuring of his cotton each year. The absence of a live stock Industry has resulted In an abnormal and ill advised use of commercial fertilizers. 1 do not decry the use of commercial I fertilizers. .Until the end of time we must supply to nearly all of our soils certain fertilizers and these elements, when rightly used, will pay J urge pro tits: Hut we shall never use fertili zers to the greatest advantage except in connection with stable manures and pastures. When the pri<*o of cotton remains at 10 to Vli cents and above, we can pay our bills from year to year, but we are never assure* I of a cotton or corn crop where commercial fertilizers- alone are used. l\Ve dej>end too much for results upon the weather conditions. But when once we have a soil in which is Incorporated stable manures, we have a soil that will pay handsomoly for almost any application of commercial fertilizers which we may care to give it. This may seem a digression from the main subject of beef cattle, but it is a matter closely allied t.? the cattle business and a very important part of it. 1 According to federal bureau <>f crop ostium tea. on JhV^un ryj/ 10 fi, we had ill tiuuth 1'uroUufe 3U0.UW, v tittle a? HKMlimt .'$8?,OO0 In 19X0,, tt KHln of 1,000 head in iflve year**. and one ???#W for every Mi bale* of cotton grown In fwmtb Carolina. Not more ttoan tine third it (bene- animal* ever tasted cot tonyeed meal, which lacuna that ualy a factional (tact of thin cotton pro duct I* fed, f ' *' f tixporlijiant station* nay HI per cent of the value of uieal Ih returned In well cared tor manure, Our experience Is that we get a wuror return for tueal put th?oug/t cows than in.eal ?dded di rect to the land.? *L, I. Colon lu Clem m?n College Heading (5ou?? Hulletlu. ' ? ? ? i i ? * HKK8 IIKTTKK 8Y8TKM. | Present Situation Will be Leaaon To Many 8ays Writer. . Kdltor Chronicle: To<lay the ground 1* covered with snow, therefore gives uh the day in doors and our thoughts go ?ut on things material. God give UH men? a, time like this demands strong mind*, groat hearts, true faith and ready hands. Three months of the new year hre gone and some of our good resolutions that were to tide uh over 1015 with bright ^hearts niv broken. Stern fact* are l<H>kiii|r the Southern farmers in the fu<<e. Just how stern none can tell except those whom this calamity has twisted Itself ahout, almost leav ing that divine spark of hope blacken ed and charred, and the imor depend out victims to blliTfl "rtC^pntr. but from these solemn lessons will come expon ents of the never forgotten school who will establish a system big enough, broad enough and strong enough to , face a more serious crisis than any [that has yet. visited us. One of the wisest things that Abraham Lincoln ever said "You can't fool all the peo pie all the time," and we hoi>e some of the mistakes of the past will lx> cor rected. The present climax of affairs lias not entirely ruined the farmera. It has come as a little dearly lyought dxperienta. Tt Ih irde from this fail ure he will come forward a , wlaer man ready to play the big game and not merely sit In the grandstand. I trunt this very thing may prove the whole undoing of the present system | and If it does It Is one- of "heaven's choicest blessings. When dire neces sity goads the agricultural i>eople to It they will organize and co-o|?erate but I am afraid not before. Up to h? present w? have been dormant, so to speak, great possibilities have j been within our grasp yet we have filled to see them, (Sr to improve them at least because there was nothing ur gently Insisting on our acting. Wc have seen years glide over our heads and youth deepen into the noonday jftnd the shadows of life's twilight fall across our western path and yet been i Idly content but whdh the future opens before men who have suffered their scanty substance to be taken from them for a mere pittance, hopes of Im provement center around this uwaken lug. We must have co-operation, rural I credits and a good marketing system. | Foreign markets are always precarious j " "(I partial. Foreign nations exert an j efficient legislntlon over our substance | and often saves or sink the value of jour property from 15 to 50 per cent. Such a state of uncertainty and sub . Joctioi) no lull ion ought not to ofiflurt*. ' In the time of r when commerce : becomes congested and our produce I is excluded from It he accustomed mar ( ket on i' .supply of Imports come to us j at enhanced prices and finds our pro I duce disposed of at a price that allows i no margin for living or else spoiling <>n <?ur hands and the circulation of j currency diminished. The results of , this forced sale is more biting because i <>f the one crop system. Had we as farmers diversified our crops the fall | ure to sell our cotton would not have , mattered so materially. If large acre : age had been devoted to food crops , tban the cotton could have been held until It would bring a living price. , J. F. West. < aiudeii, S. March 111. j ? : i -Meeks Orltiin, Thomas Oriftin and John Crosby, three negroes, must pav tile death ]>enalty for murder at a date to be assigned by the Chester county court. The negroes were con victed more than two years ago in Chester county for killing an aged Confederate veteran by the name of T.<hvls. J (Joveruor Manning, at the request of I solicitor Cooper, has revoked the or der for a special term of court at Abbeville on April Nth. The special term had been called for the trial of < Maries Logan, the negro accused of fbe murder of Mrs. Scott. THE MIGHTY COURT OF THE UNIVERSE. THE HUB OF THE ARCHITECTURAL SCHEME AT THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION ? ? I Minw itir ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? All visitors to the Panama-Pacific International exposition at 8an Francisco at some time during tnetr stay ax the exposition make their pilgrimage through the Court of the Universe. Thla Is the largest court on the grounds and fs the central radiating unit of the architectural aud ground plans. Node sculptured groups embellish It, the two Homeric groups ? the Natlp&s of tho Ka?t and tho Natlbns of the West ? surmounting the giant arches at the cast and west portals. By night th" beauty of the court la enhanced by the flood lighting effects MEASURING THE STARS., i_ ? i ? , ? What U MMnt by Pirrt and Seoond Magnitude, and $? On. The cIummII|ciI(Iuu Of the star* Into orderwur magnitude. j^amdju* uo their A|>par*?lii Ul'ighUii*v?. was uudor ill lu*u a lit l U* hastily. wilL tin* rexuM 1 1 1. 1 1 in. ui.4 <1.11.1 have been (OQUd which art' brighter thaU stars of the (I rut i mi 1 1 1 1 Hi le Aldelmrun 1m a typical Htar of the tlrst magnitude. Imii HtrliiN In miivb brighter Consequently i in system of classics tlou ban to l*> ex tended. A star of the II rat magnitude Is 2.5 times aa bright as a Htar of tbe second magnitude: a atar of tbe second iujik nltude la 2.0 times aw bright aa a star of tbe tbtr<) magnitude and *o on. Stars which are 2.5 tlniea aa bright aa a atar of tbe drat magnitude are called Htara of 0 magnitude. while at am 2.5 times brighter still are said,, to be of the ?I magnitude, and ho oh. Professor Ceraskl baa made measure meuta to determine the magnitude of thp aun. reckoned In this way By adopting different methoda of measure ments be reaches' very accordant re Biilta. aud it appear* that our aun is a atar of the 30.6 order of magnitude, which means that It sends ua ns much light as 880.000.000 of atars of the nrst magnitude. At the distance, of a little over four light years? i. aooUt 20,000 times its present distance? it would be a atar of. the first magnitude, so that, considered as a atar, it Is nothing out of the ordi nary,? Piitshuigb Qagette-lP|mea. RAVING A CITY- . Duoazef's Method Was Unique, but II Paoifled Madrid. It was in the year 1808, after a batf tlo in the 8paulsh revolution of that year, and the streets of Madrid were filled with angry crowds that were bent on destroying everything and every one* Suddenly an unknown ufan appeared at the city ball. "Give me a 'baud of musiciaus," he said, "and before uigbtfail 1 shall con trol all Madrid." lie must have been a man of rare personality to have been able to per? suade the authorities in that dark hour to give him anything. Hut be got the musicians and went oht with them to wander through the city, while they played be sang? pop ular street songs or souie old national nlr. When these bored the listeners tie mounted .old boxes aud told funny tales and got the populace amused aud laughing. By nightfall peace reigned In the city, and the mob broke up and went home to b?d. The man's name was Felipe Ducazel, and he was only twen ty-two years old when be cleverly achieved this result. We are told a deal about heroic things In, saving countries by long, terrible rides at night or by the sacri fice of oneself by dying In somebody's stead, but few of us hear of any .one who saved a town by laughter.? Youth's Companion. Children in Korea. With their short waists and full skirts a bunch of Korean girls look like old women. Very quaint are they and very wide nwake as you see them squatted on the floor at a Sunday school or church gathering. When they come In with their Bibles and hymubooks they bow on hands and knees until their foreheads touch the floor, then adjust themselves to their inexpensive, bneklcss floor seat, wait ing in quietness and perfect patience until things start Children are al ways placed at the front In these gath erings. the girls ort one side of the par tition which separates the sexes and the boys on the other side. They Sing ifrtth a gusto and intensity that seems to lift the slanting Korean roof.? Christian Herald. Breakfast Table Revelation*. To girls about to marry one would tender the advice that they study their intended victim ot breakfast If he is one feeding like forty, reject him as the. direct descendant of Circe's herd Of swine. If he is 'melancholy, beware of the abrupt curves of bis tempera ment If he Is boisterous and face tious. remember that an empty drum rfVes the greatest reverberation and a chatterbox at 8 a. m Is as tiresome a& v chanticleer at 3 In the morning By their breakfasts, my sisters, ye shall know them - London Saturday Review. Miaaing Marks. "I 8a w n stage Englishman In a play last night who didn't use the adjective telly-' " -IS that so?" ^Yes. And he didn't any 'My wordl* j either." , "Strange. At least he wore a mono det" ?No." ?Then how In the deuce did you 1 know he was a stage Englishman T'? Birmingham A g^- Hern Id. Cause and Effect. "1 wonder why It Is so' damp and foggy In London?" ??ft, Is the fault of their government" "How do you make that out?" "fhey have such long reigns there." -Baltimore American : The School of Experience. Tbe average man never fully realizes tbe truth of the adage about a fool and hi* money nntll after he has bumped tgalnst some other man's game ? St. Lbnls Post-Dispatch A Mean Question. t have been to consult a beauty doc tor about my complexion." ?'Doe* be hotd out any hope?**? Kan Journal. I I"" 1 lU 1 ? ~ ' r- V. ,.jf. *? *-'v '>*' Tr-'C'\ A ?;? 5j ; \ We have for sale the most suitable property for Office Building, Hotel or any other business, located on Broad Street, near the Court House. This property can be bright at W ar Prices. For full Information see !aw& perry , REAL' . 1 J. yt. McCORMICK, Prop. i W. BOND, Manager | MCCORMICK & CO. Funeral Directors and Embalmers Night Phone 143. Day Phone 70. AMBULANCE SERVICE. ? ---> ? ? From January to December you will find at this place a select line of Candies, Fruits and Vegetables to help put the finishing to any meal. Hot Drinks in cold weather; Cold Drinks in hot Weather~or as you like it We are ready and anxious to serve you any day In the year. Camden Candy "Kitchen Spero Beleos, Proprietor. Phone 78. Camden* S. C; . - - # . v'i " V"' ?' . ' Camden Undertaking Co. C. W. EVANS, rr >y _ v FUNERAL DIRECTORS and LICENSED EMBALMERS' . ..rTwJtt TiV. E ?/ ...U ? ? , City and Country Calls Attended Promptly ?- v DAY OR NIGHT ? ' ? ; ; . . ^ l'-\ : Office and Show Rooms at 535 DeKalb Street Office Phone 91 Residence Phone 283-L B. R. McC Funeral Director ?MM TRY CAL1 CITY AND COUNTRY CALLS ATTENDED PROMPTLY S|?!^EP monuments ITQ Night Phone 114 Day Phoiit'46 or 39 "rrfcr n Ambulance Service