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<C'ourteay of W. H. Hatch.) Germany JmporU Danish Co-operattve Cr?am. Co-Operative Farm Products Marketing How It Is Done in Europe and May Be Done in America to the Profit of Both Farmer and Consumer By MATTHEW 8. DUDGEON. HOW THE GERMAN FARMER SELIS HIS BUTTER IN THE CITIES Merlin, Germany The German farmer calls upon cooperation to mc;1I him Ills supplies. llo asks it to mur ket hi? cgKH iuid li i h butter. It dla t i 1 h alcohol Out of It i h potatoes ami makes wine for him out of his fruit. Everywhere in Germany you will find co-oporntlve elevators and warehouses for storing grain, co opera! I vo HOcI- | otlcs for Improving thu breed of live stock, co-operative hanks for furnish ing loanH to momhcrH, cooperative in surance companies for insuring against every imaginable damage. ('O opcrutlve societies ar.e formed to meet the needs of agriculture at every turn ? producing the raw material, convert ing the raw material Into salable form, and placing the Mulshed product upon the market. "Agricultural co-operative' societies have become ho numerous In (Jut-many as almost to Jostle one another. There are at the present lime more than 12'!, ? 000 of them." -Those are the words of llenry WoltT, the great authority upon agricultural cooperation, and we have found his statemi'iit true;. These 2(5, 000 societies have nearly two and a half million inenvbers. Over half of these soc-tat.t*H nrc credit riibocI?H(j1i?, which have a working capital of over $400,000,000; Moreover!"* I he- number of societies and tho number of mem bers are constantly Increasing. Tho German farmer who in his way Is an Individualist and ?h Independent as in the American farmer, has learned that co-operation is his salvation and be lieves in allying himself with Ills neigh bors for the common economic de fense. How German Farmer Co-operates. Everything tho Herman farmer does ho does co-operatively. If he wishes to purchase a farm he ge!s a 50 or GO year loan from a Landschaften bank. When he llnds It necossary to buy Implements or live stock, or seedB, ho uses money borrowed from a co-opera- j tive credit society, making short time loans. He gets his equipment of a co operative store which furnishes him a guaranteed article at the lowest poa- : Bible price. For when co-operation sells . to the farmer, everything from garden j seeds to threshing machines is guar- j anteed If lie wishes to insure his ) property he goes to a cooperative in- 1 suratice company, which will insuro j his crops against Iosk by hail or wind; ; another co operative insurance agency insures his house against fire, while another insures his live Mock against; sickness, accident, or legal destruc tion. following Hie discovery of tuber*- ! culosis or other contagious disease. ! Hiv stock cattle come to him from a co-operative breeding farm. From Co- i operative associations he gets his sci entific instructions as to the care of I his cattle, as to tin* best feeds, as to the ? ure of animal diseases, as (o th * j valuation of crops, as to fertilizers. His milk and cream he takes to a co- j operative creamery, from which It' Is I sold cooperatively. His very liens! lay co-operative .eggs which within an! hour after they are laid may bear the stamp of a cooperative organization.. Even the farmer's wife has a ton- ( tlency toward co-operation and is a.*! alive to its advantages as Is the farm er himself. Everywhere we And the women intelligent and conducting their domestic affairs as scientifically as do the men their farms. Water Supply Companies. One form in which cooperation has] evinced its efficiency in Germany is j a rather unique one, and is one which j at least In some parts of the I'nited { States is worthy of careful study by American farmers Scattered through out Germany there are. many co-opera tive societies for supplying water to1 its members. Theru ur?> in th** prov- j ince of Hanover alone, for example, :;3 j such companies Whether the commu nity has been large or small, these supply companies have generally sue-] ceeded The advantages of cooperation In attacking the problem of water supply have been thus summarized: "By co operation a sufficient sura of money can be raised to enable a source of wa ter to be tapped, unquestionable as to purity, softness and quality; 2. Co vporatfon c;iiHuni? oxtrome economy In maintenance and management; li. Co operation (.?nabloK (ho smallest commu nity to provide itself with a roally good waV'i" supply." It 1h not impossible that there Is in thin German experience a suggestion for the irrigation companies in western America, where mismanagement and grail seeni to iiave prevailed. Cer tainly a truly co-operative association ganlzed upon the ono man one voto . plan, freed from ail motives of exces sive or speculative profits, and man aged with t lie efficiency that 1>h tradi tional in co-opert.tivo concerns could never have made shipwreck of so many fair prospects as have some of the Irrigation companies in the west ; ern states. , Plowing by Steam. ; The owners of the big wheat farms in th?' northwestern parts of the United States might sit up and take notice of i some of t he co-operative power plow companies which are operating in Ger many. At present there are 4t> such societies. The entire power equipment is owned by the society, and Its mem hers, even though they 'occupy com paratively small farms, are by this means enabled to have the benefit of tli.e improved and cheaper work of the power plow. Experience here shows I that the power plowing plant, consist' j ing of a set of plows, tackle and steam j or electric power, cannot be main i talned economically unless it has something like 2.000 acres upon which ? to operate. The concerns are most care fully managed. A good machinist is always In charge of the outfit. In ad dition to his salary he Is allowed a .commission upon every acre plowed. He has entire charge of thn operations and requires all members to remove all obstructions before work Is under taken. The rates are carefully graded according to the soil, the depth and the accessibility. In some cases, Also, a less charge is made for plowing dur- , Ing the slack periods, the price being raised as the demand for services of the equipment Increases. Co-operative Automobiles. It is said that e(very well-to-do Amer ican farmer has an automobile. In Germany.1 where the acreage Is small and the farmer has less capital to in vest in his equipment the farmer joins with his neighbor to purchase' an auto mobile and a large number of co-op erative motor societies have been formed. These machines, however, are nut the touring care and runabouts that are ordinarily used by the Ameri ean farmer, but are the most prosaic utilitarian motor trucks which can move immense quantities of produce over the hard level roads of the Ger man provinces. Gorman scientists and Inventors have with great ingenuity produced machinery that accomplishes with llt tle effort almost everything which in j years past calb^l for hard labor. The demand for power is consequently great and growing constantly. This, has led to the organization of elec trical supply works in connection with other agricultural co-operative organ izations Of these there are 510, which are purely co-operative, al though there are In Germany over '2.000 companies which furnish more or K'ss electrical power to those Inter ested in agricultural pursuits. Co-operative Societies Federated. The co-operative spirit has not ceased wher it has led the farmer to co-operate with his neighbors to form a local co-operative concern. The Ger man genius for crganization has led to a most i la borate system of -co-or dination between the various local co operate e assuc;.!':, ns For example, all co-operative dairies within a prov ince will be united together in a cen tral association which unifies and har monizes the work of all the local or ganizations. These central provincial societies are in turn in an empire wide federation with headquarters at Herlin You will therefore in that city find several central concerns, each of which Is allied with hundreds of local societies This centralization scheme has many advantages. It pro : Tides for supervision, Inspection, and ! at <1 1 * "vhleh ? *?> rood accounting ' h) oi'MDi. .. it (.] i ?n?Khod?. I Tt?o cwnlrcl ofHc?' .< i*y??n us a bureau 1 of information umj i.dvh <?. In cum o I I marketing ! he ri'iiirul bo?'iety, by re a* | MOII Of U Si H.lZQ tiliil lilllliu ifll rtHtOUI'Ct'H. | jjetw ii.io iu;i?k? (h v\lii<h would be || together Inat c? HMlblx to the little lo cal concern Without oentrulUAtion Genual) co-operation would bo much i loss effective than It In, Increased Quantity. Here In (furmauy, uh elsewhere. e<> operation has uot only enabled the fanner to make the most gut of what ho produces, but has increased the quantity and Improved tho quality of the product ituelf. This has been trutv in every line where cooperative or ganizations have become active. The results in dairyiiiK are fairly repre sentative. In liradenburg testa were made In 1908 which covered the pro duction of over 1,000 cow*. The av erage yield of milk per cow wan found to be 2,661 kilograms, producing 95 k 1 1 ograms of butter, and netting a profit of 108.06 marks per cow. In 1910 the average yield had increased to 2,885 kilograms of milk, producing 101 kilo grams of butter, and netting 132.65 marks profit for each cow, an increase of 24.59 marks per cow, a matter of |5,O00 on the 1,000 cows. German Co-operation Democratic. German cooporatlou is, to para phrase tho recognized formula for domocracy "of the memboru, by the members, and for the members." No body thlnkH of a German co-operative society an organized for the purposo of declaring dividends. The utmost returnH that those who hold shares receive Is a five or six per cent, profit. If a creamory, for example, finds it self with undivided profits it does not. distribute tliem to tho members in pro portion to; tho shares they hold, but to tho members who as?patrons bring in tho milk and cream, and they go to them In proportion to tho quantity and quality furnished by each. These profits constitute as it were an addi tional price, which the patrons receive for their product. All, too, are man aged upon the "one man one vote" plan. The member who holds only one share and orlngs in tho milk of only one cow has the same voting power as the farmer with a thousand shares and a thousand cows. Co-operation is most emphatically democratic. Good Quality and Good Business. German co-operators themselves ascribe tho success of their societies largely to good quality and good busi ness methods. The societies pride themselves upon , tho fact that th<;Jr output is better than that of privately owned plants. Their goods are in de mand, they say, not because they are co-operative goods, but because they aro good goods. Tho societies almost without exception have required that managers shall bo skilled men with both experience and training. These positions pay good salaries, and can didates spend time and money quali fying themselves to hold them. As a result these concerns are most busi nesslike in every particular. The plants are efficient, the emplojusrs competent, and most excellent ac counting systems are in vogue. Co-operative Credit. It is noticeable that In Germany thero aro more co-operative credtt so cieties than marketing societies. More over, the average German enthusiast German Co-operative Elevator. will tell you that co-operation natu rally begins with co-operative credit, rather than with co-operative market ing. It does not necessarily follow, however, that In America co-operative credit associations should precedo co operative marketing. Conditions In Germany differ greatly from those In tho-'Unlted States. In tho llrst place, the privately owned banking house.s of Germany did uot stjrvo tho German farmer even aa adequately aa tho American banker !a now serving the American farmer. In tho second place, marketing In Germany presents practically none of the difficulties encountered In Amer ica. Germany has by high tariffs forced tho consumer to depend upon domes tic production. The local demand for almost every farm product exceeds tho supply. As a result thero are two buyers demanding butter, for example, when only enough butter for one is available. There are no long hauls, as in Amer ica, no long distance commission busi ness Tho producer more nearly meets the consumer face to face and gets Ills price German marketing as compared to American is direct, simple, arul free from complexities Wo must take the counsel of tho German who ranks co-operative credit as more important than co-operat i ve marketing with caution, since he has Jealt with reversed conditions We are firmly convinced, after a careful survey, that at least in America, the more prosperous scheme of co-opera tive marketing is more important than co-operative credit. Bank Stock For Sale I am offeiing for sale, within 30 <lays. I* iv? I houeapcl ($5,000) Dollars woi tli Of stock of the Loan & Savings Hank, of Camden, S. C. L. L. CLYBURN DeKALB. S. C. BANK STOCK WANTED I hereby offer Five Thous and Five Hundred Dollars ($5,500.00) for the 1" ive Thousand Dollars of Loan Savings Bank Stock, (50 shares) advertised by L. L. Clyburn, that is to say, ten per cent, above par. Henry Savage CAMDEN, S. C. MONEY TO IX)AN. On improved farms. Easy terms I Apply to B. B. Clarke* Camden, S C. 50. . ? CUT PRICES READ THIS! The prices we have been making: the famers of this com munity hat been the talk of the county ever since we began business a y^ar and a half ago. We have now comleted ar rangements whereby we can furnish you with supplies at the very lowest figures imagin , able. IT WILL PAY YOU TO CALL AND SEE US MURCHISON Wholesale Supply Co. Dr. I. H. Alexander Dr. R. E. Sterenson Alexander & Stevenson DENTISTS OHict Southeast Corner Broad and DeKalb St?. COLUMBIA LOMBER & MANUFACTURING CO. MILL WORK SASH, DOORS, BLINDS AND LUMBER PLAIN & HUGER STS. Phone 71 COLOMBIA, S. C. v ' /'(; ? ? ? ? ? SAM WING LAUNDRY ? PHONE 91 915a Broad St., Camden, S. C. Dr. E. H. KERRISON i>KN;risT Successor to I)r. L. W. Alston Office In the Maim lluilriiiiK Phone 1 H5 Farm Lands For Sale lMantatlon of Mrs. T. R. Team in West Wateree, seven miles from Cam den, 'J.V'2 miles from Lugoff. Tract contains 1373 acres, 800 acres open land ; some good timber on place; one good dwelling, 2t5 tenant houses, barns and gin house, Rents for 35 bales of cotton; good tenants and plenty of labor. This is one of the best plantations in Kershaw County, and will pay good interest on investment at price offered. Terms reasonable. 510 acres, more or less, known as the Spencer Place, situated 12 miles Southwest of Camden on the Coulter's Ferry Road; 100 acres of open land, two horse farm under cultivation; land lies well; good stream running water; plenty of wood and gqod quantity of timber on this tract. Price $10 per acre* Farm of W." E. DeLoache, situate 2 1-2 miles Southeast of Camden containing 27 0 acres; 150 acres of open land, part of this under cul tivation; timber and wood enough for place; laud producing well; ad joining lands have sold for $80.00 per acre; one five room dwelling, a good barn and seven tenant houses. For sale at $35.00 per acre. The Doby Place containing 450 acres 3 miles of Blaney; 250 acres open land, a part of this under cultivation; 100 acres pasture land under wire; some good open creek land, plenty of wood and some timber on tbe place; good buildings; one overseers house,; 6 tenant houses and two barns. Twenty-five mile creek runs through this pro perty. Prion $7,500. Terms: 1-4 cash, balance in three years at the usual rate of Interest. 361 acres on Town Creek, four miles south of Camden; 60 acres open land; two tenant houses. Will sell at a bargain. Plat of same can be seen at our office. 13 7 acres on Lockhart Road known as the Wheat Place; seventy one acres under cultivation; 3 tenant houses and one dwelling. Price $22.00 per acre. 100 acres three miles from Camden betweeen the Kershaw and Liberty Hill Road; 50 acres under cultivation; one four room dwell ing and barns. Price $35.00 per acre. 7 5 acres adjoining City Limits, known as Race Track Place of H. G. Carrlson; one good overseer's house, several tenant houses and barns; improvements first class; lantfs In high state of cultivation. Prico Reasonable. t 1,900 acres eight miles from Camden, on Charleston ftoad, on Southern Railway with siding and ware house; one new over-seer's house, eight tenant houses, 1 large barn, 1 gin house and equipment * and 1 cotton house. 1,200 acres swamp land, excellent for cattle or bay culture;; 650 acres upland. 300 acres of the upland being of the finest land in the state and in the highest state of cultivation. Price $21 an acre. Very easy terms. 352 acres of land knowW as the Creed property, eight miles North of Camden; 200 acres open land, some timber and plenty of wood on place; one half mile from good school; one five room dwelling, barns, one store building and ten tenant houses. Price on application. Terms: one-third cash, balance to suit purchaser. Small farm, property of H. M. Flncher, one mile East of Camden; one new $1,200 dwelling and barns; land in high state of cultivation 10 acres of this land produced seven 500 weight bales of cotton and 144 bushels of corn. Price $3,000. Terrms 1-6 cash, balance at 7 per cent on easy terms. . Wo also have listed with us a good selection of City property. C. P. DuBose & Company Real Estate City Property Farm Lands