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Co-Operative Farm Products Marketing How It Is Done in Europe and May lie Done in America to the Profit of Both Farmer and Consumer By MATTHEW 8. DUDGEON. il'opyr LJU, WtiU'di >Nu wsi>4pnr ( pjon > Teaching Danish Agricultural Student* How to Handle a Horse. A CO-OPERATIVE BACON FACTORY A ropenhagen, Denmark -How has r hnn^Hft '* ?0Untry w'<?? l??HS ill fifteen I liott mii ritl square miles of' arVa, "ho. bllshnd iu.-ir ?H of ,,UJ wT "Kr/,UlM,rttl ' ""torn in the world? ; ?y s It (hut Denmark produces tlio Ht Gutter. Hki |M. si |wu.on f|1(i J'Kkh, i l,at have over I,,.,.,, piucort upon 1 ium< iM ?f K,,r?',0? I,ovv < ?n ilila , c?u?lry export each your fifty odd million dollars' worth of butter "V.-r four million dollars' worth of ! cream and milk, thirty ci.ld million dol- ' ftTH worth of i ho finest bacon and eight million dollars' worth of eggs' Don mark has no rich mines, ?o groat forests, no water power. The noil I th? one renourre, Is not naturally for Hie. In fact, Denmark 1h a low lying j expanse of windswept Hand dunes I with lie re and there small stretches <>f richer noil. Much of |t? more pro ; ^ve soli l?. the result of Hflentlllc I drainage, fertilization and rotation of I crops. ( hilling winds sweep over the country the year around, and those! vv th the prevailing f,?gH. render tho climate an Inhospitable one. #nM|M ' ' i "O kinder than nature t > this little country. In the eight eenth century <hp nobility and the J,"ii " ' A 111 '' u" ",n yaliiable lands, tlvft P<aiHant ry wore either serfa or tenants under Impossible condl o"". Kxport duties made foreign commerce unprofitable. Early in the ii . neteenth century economic condi tions had only begun to Improve when the Na,K)leonlc wars again spread dis as er and poverty over the country. Still a little later Denmark's Ger manic neighbors to the south took tho already small nation the province of SchloHwIg-IIolsteln. Then Germany, |? the early eighties. built Vil ? u Kh tHrlrf WM" whlch excluded Danish products. Tho commerce upon 'ch the People depended for their revenueH wuh gone, and the country WflB 81,11 again grievously stricken. Present Prosperity. Yet today. In spite of all these handi caps. Denmark is In proportion to Its population the wealthiest country In Kurope. Eighty-nine per cent of the agriculturists own their own land. Her farmers have been called the best farmers and the most skilled rural business men In the world. Rural JJeiumu k produces the best bacon, but ter and eggs ever produced; their pigs turn feed into pork more scientifical ly than the porkers of any other na tion; their hens la> more eggs, and their cows are more effective as milk and butter producing machines. These farmers have worked out a system of co-operative marketing so effective that it is estimated that over ninety per cent of whit.' the consumer pavs Danish farm products actually ieaches the pocket book of tlie man who produces it. -a rather significant figure compared with the generally accepted estimate that the American armor gets only from thirty-five to forty six per cent of what the city con aumcr pays for his product. How has Denmark reached this po?l ?n agriculturally ? Why is i, thal 8h? <an produce the best bacon, butter and eggs. Tj\e answer seems to l>,. ; KM rat because she hfcs an etllcient educa tional system; second, because the government Ik giving aid which, while effective, is not unduly paternalistic; laird, because of co-operation. Danish Farmer an Educated Man. It takes brains to raise the most aristocratic sort of products that are produced in Denmark. No Ignorant people could take the bleak, sandy i>Uins of Denmark and make great gardens ?f ,h(>m Kiml(M18 HUpporting a A|*lendid aggressive, progressive, pros p?rous race. it requires native Shrewdness to do these things, but It requires something more. It requires in addition scientific agricultural knowledge, a big conception of the agri cultural possibilities of the country and ~a generous loyalty to state and com munity? an aggregate of qualities that nono but an educated man possesses. Aod the Dane Is indeed in very truth In every sense of the word an educated man. Ho has been trained to m..ko tho best use of himself and of his en vlronment. As a boy he was compelled by lav to attend school until he was fourteen teacherb were mature, well trained ! men of good Intellectual ability, well! J" un'1' ,n "'"?t rases, community ' lenders and Organize?. From fourteen to eighteen Is an age! wh.-n Danish bo ys and girls are grow ng ^ physically af>(1 working ut prac tical things, for the youhg Dane can not enter the folk high School until he 18 eighteen. Farm Apprenticeship. T he prospective farmer, however "topped his educative proc esses during t h Ih period. There Ih In Iwinftark a recognized system of farm apprenticeship for the future farmer it Ih a common practiHO here for the father who wisheB.hls Hon to become a farmer to put him for a period of! three years upon Home of the accredit- ' "d model farms or the country. Gen- ' "rally he stays on one farm for one I year moving on to a second and then ! a. third in order that he may g,.t dif ferent and broader points of view and may see agriculture specialized along ! 1 ' T"1 '8 ",)UM th? different farms. n these farms he Ih given an oppor unity to learn, but for the most part' t his time Is spent in hard labor. He learns to farm by farming. Folk Schools and Patriotism ! .A,ftur h,a apprenticeHhip |? complet j lie goes for at least a few months ; to one or the folk high school*, which are in the broadest nense schools of j I>at riot ism. Inspiring lectures are uaed for instruction more widely than are text books. The history and liter ature of the country is the theme of many an hour. Kvery class Is opened with a song, either patriotic or re 1 iglous, and each day extensive read ings upon patriotic and rollgious topics are given. Practical political economy and sociology are Included In the daily work. No one under eighteen may at tend these folk high schools, but many an older man or woman In later life finds there that for which there was no opportunity in youth The schools are co-educational, but are coeduca tional In a thoroughly segregated way, for the men attend in winter and the women only in the summer months. T hese schools are privately owned and not absolutely free. The cost of five months' Instruction and board for the men for the winter months is about $o5, while the women, who gen erally attend these schools In summer pny only about $30 for three months' Instruction, including board and lodg ng. Small as these fees seem to be, the state has various ways of re-' ducing the Tees, especially for the sons and daughters of the small holders. I he total number of students in these summer- and winter schools the last few years has never been less than ton thousand. University Extension. These folk high schools have. too. an t xtension form of education some what similar to the university exten sion courses given by some of our American colleges. The high school professors frequently go out to the school houses for popular lectures upon llstory and literature, and upon soci ological subjects. Generally a llttlo association Is formed for the course of from six to ten lectures. I'ossibly one crona t twenty-seven cents) for the >?'Hr is charged, or there may be a charge of twenty ora (four cents) for each lecture. Here at the high school building they also hold In the fall a special community meeting for three ?r four days during which three lec tures per day on subjects similar to thosw taught in the school are given, and In addition men of learning or re nown r rom the outside are brought in. At this roik school the young farm er who has had his common school training, with all its contact with the realities of lire, and who has learned In three years' apprenticeship how to farm, has an opportunity to learn how to be a citizen and a patriot Hut ho bus not yet completed his school work ? pon the farm he has learned how to do things. He has yet to learn why. So he goes to an agricultural college *nd learns the theoretical and scien tific why which is back of the prao ti< it how This is the story or Den mark * farmer in the making, through v " M. apprenticeship, folk tiWrb school r>nd p?rt ?'j'uial eo!Jese. j Que Iiuh put to travel through the ru- ; ral MolioQi of Denmark to aatl aty b i in wolf thu'-ihw. ouit'omo of thl* process Of O'lUCfttlu' iM u finished product of cxij inely high elllclency. The State and tho Parmer. Tbt Danish government Is not chary { in the aid which it extends to the farm er. The aid, however, lit always ex- i tend* <1 upon the fundamental theory that the bett way to help the farmer Ih to help him to heip himself. Pos albiy in no other way has tho govern- ? ment ho greatly furthered the Inter eata of agriculture as In assisting In the acquisition by each farmer of the aoll which he tills. Thanks to the joint actlvltiea of the government and the co-operative credit aocletiea. It !? easy to buy a farm in Denmark. If the would-be buyer has forty per cent of the price to be paid for the farm and all ItH equipment lie may , apply to a credit society for a loan of sixty per cent of the value, the loan \ to run for from forty-five to seventy- : nine years. Each year the farmer paya from four to six per cent of tho prin cipal amount borrowed. This, how- . ever, Ih not wholly Interest, but ln cludea u small Installment of principal, I bo that at the 'end of the period for which the money was borrowed not only has the interest been kupt up. but tho principal has been automatically discharged. There are, however, other forma of . loans even more advantageous to the borrower, particularly if he be one of the poorer farm laborers. If such a laborer la anxious to become a land- t owner on a small scale lie may under i certain conditions, procure a loan for nine-tenths of the purchase price of ; the farm and equipment. The condi tions which, he must meet are: Ho must have been a farm laborer for five years (the law applies to women on tho farm as well as men); tho | land must not exceed ten ucres in ex- ' tent, nor $2,140 in value; he i^ust work tho farm In a scientific manner, nnd must agree to follow a proper ro tation of crops and, by the use of manures and otherwise, insure the continued productiveness of the land. For the first five years tho laboror pays three' per cent interest and noth ing upon tho principal. After that he begins to add a small percentage upon tho principal in order to discharge his debt. At no time, howeve?, does the total annual payment for principal and , Interest exceed four per cent of the i amount borrowed. The government is back of these co operative credit societies. Hy benevo lent legislation it makes their organiza tion and operation possible' it assists in supervision and inspection, and in some cases it advances to the co-op erative society tho funds out of which the loans are made. There are in Denmark about half a million families. Including those In cities and villages. Co-Opcratlvo credit societies have a membership of over two hundred thou ! sand ? that Is to Bay, two out of every five families In the entire country ' seem to be represented In these co operative credit organizations. In fact, It is because it is so easy to buy land In Denmark that the tenant Is i disappearing and the small land owner j j Is taking his place. Other Government Assistance. The government has also enacted much other legislation calculated to I serve the Interests of the ftfrnrer. It j | has regulated carefully the manu- 1 i facture and sale of margarine, so that 1 j it is Impossible to import or export ; I or sell It under any false representa I tion that It is butter. It has regulated the quality of butter and has forbidden the export of butter containing more ' than sixteen per cent water, of butter ; . for the preservation of which anything ; ; other than common salt is used, of ! : butter colored with any substance de- j rived from coal tar. All butter must j have been made from milk or cream ? which has been pasteurized; it must j have been ;nado in an inspected dairy; , j it must have upon it the Danish label ! i guaranteeing its quality. Tho sanitary condition in the cream- ! eries, <ho method of packing, and tho ! process of the sale of butter, aro thor- j oughly controlled by government au , thority. If any dairy which has been , authorized by the government to use I a Danish label for its product violates j '< any regulation or law the minister of ' agriculture has the right to take away, 'either temporarily or permanently,! the authorization to use tho national, ; ta*do mark. Hutter from foreign j ? lands must not bo marked In any way ! to imply that it has been made in I Denmark, and fhoso wishing to import' i butter must make a declaration and ! be properly registered. Co-Operation Chief Factor, t Those familiar with the conditions 1 in Denmark concede that tho educa- j tion of the farmer has contributed largely to the success of Danish agri culture. Every loyal Dane is proud of the government which has seen tho j great* "Importance of furthering the in terests of the farmer by every means > within Its power. Hut no one who knows, cvor for a minute conceivos that Denmark could have taken her i present position as a produced of the world s best farm products, without co- 1 operative organization. It 1b because ! of co-operation that it pays to farm j scientifically The production of the j highest grades of farm products Is made worth while because co-operatton ?nubles the farmer to take these high t;rade products to the profitable, In ex- ? haustible, and discriminating markets j 3f the world It Is co-operation that has resulted In hotter farming, better business, better living. Co-operation nas kept the farmer's sons and daugh ters upon the l^iui and has stopped the , -ush to tho city. Co-operation, in fact, i ! lomlnates the economic life of the , 1 entire nation. Bank Stock For Sale 1 am offering for sale. within 30 days, f ive thousand ($5,000) Dollars worth of stock of the Loan & Savings Bank, of Camden, S. C. L. L. CLYBURN DeKALB. S. C. BANK STOCK WANTED I hereby offer Five Thous and Five Hundred Dollars ($5,500.00) for the f ive Thousand Dollars of Loan & Savings Bank Stock, (50 shares) a.dvertised by L. L. Clyburn, that is to say, ten per cent, above par. Henry Savage CAMDEN, S. C. MONKY TO IjOAN. On Improved farma. Eauy terma Apply to B. B. Clarke, Camden, S C. 60. SAM WING LAUNDRY PHONE 91 91 5J Broad St., Camden, S. C. COME AND GET YOUR DOLLAR There ii a concern in Cam den promising to put money in your pocket every time you trade with them... They don't claim to open the safe and give you money from there, but they do save you money on all goods bought from them. The name of that concern- is the MURCHISON Wholesale Supply Company Dr. I. H. Alexander Dr. R. E. Stevcoioa Alexander & Stevenson DENTISTS Office Sgulhcait Corner Broad and DcKalb Sis. Dr. E. H. KERRISON DENTIST Successor to Dr. L. W. Alstbu Office In the Mann lluilriiiig I'lioiie 1 8 ft COLUMBIA LUMBER & MANUFACTURING CO. MILL WORK SASH, DOORS, BLINDS AND LUMBER PLAIN & HUGER STS. Phone 71 COLUMBIA, S. C. Farm Lands For Sale 510 acres, more or less, known as the Spencer Place, situated 12 miles Southwest of Camden on the Coulter's Ferry Road; 100 acres of open land, two horse farm under cultivation; land lies well; good stream running water; plenty, of wood and good quantity of timber on this tract. Price $10 per acre. Farm of VV. E. DeLoache, situate 2 1-2 miles Southeast of Camden containing 270 acres; 150 acres of open land, part of this under cul tivation; timber and wood enough for place; land producing well; ad joining lands have sold for $80.00 per acre; one five room dwelling, a good barn and seven tenant houses. For pale at $35.00 per acre. The Doby Place containing 450 acres 3 miles of Blauey; 250 acres open land, a part of this under cultivation; 100 acres pasture land under wire; some good open ereek land, plenty of wood and some timber on the place; good buildings; one overseers house,; 0 tenant houses and two barns. Twenty-five mile creek runs through this pro perty. Price $7,500. Terms: 1-4 cash, balance in three years at the usual rate of interest. 3G1 acres on Town Creek, four miles south of Camden; 00 acres open land; two tenant houses. Will sell at a bargain. Plat of same can be seen at our office. 137 acres on Lockhart Road known as the Wheat Place; seventy one acres under cultivation; 3 tenant houses and one dwelling. Price $22.00 per acre. 100 acres three miles from Camden betweeen the Kershaw and Liberty Hill Road; 50 acres under cultivation; one four room dwell ing and barns. Price $35.00 per acre. 75 acres adjoining City Limits, known as Race Track Place of H. G. Carrlson; one good overseer's house, several tenant houses and barns; improvements first class;' land* in high state of cultivation. Price Reasonable. 1,900 acres eight miles from Camden, on Charleston Road. on Southern Railway with siding and ware house; one new over-seer's house, eight tenant houses, 1 large barn, 1 gin house and equipment and 1 cotton hoxxse. 1,200 acres swamp land, excellent for cattle or bay culture;; 650 acres upland. 300 acres of the upland being of the finest land In the state and in the highest state of cultivation. Price $21 an acre. Very easy, terms. 3 52 acres of land known as the Creed property, eight miles North of Camden; 200 acres open land, some timber and plenty of wood on place; one half mile from good school; one" five room dwelling, barns, one store building and ten tenant houses. Price on application. Terms: one-third cash, balance to suit purchaser. Small farm, property of H. M. Flncher, one mile East of Camden; one new $1,200 dwelling and barns; land In high state of cultivation 10 acres of this land produced seven 500 weight bales of cotton and 144 bushels of corn. Price $3,000. Terrms 1-6 cash, balance at 7 per cent on easy terms. Wo also have listed with us a good selection of City property. C. P. DuBose & Company Real Estate City Property Farm Lands