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?pen picture OF CLEMSON COLLEGE Works for Welfare in Many Ways picture a country estate of 1,600 acres, with stately buildings placed at elevated point# to form a great lrregu lar circle of half a mile in diameter. Inclose in this circle a beautiful grove of native oak*, threaded by smooth driveway* and paths and cement side walks. Turn to the north and for a background outline against the sky at a distance of 20 miles, range after J r&nge of mountains, the home of the Highlands, of Caesar's Head, White ildes and other lofty peaks of the Uluo Rld*e. Think of these mountains as in summer clothed with verdure, sUuidincr out black against the hori xon, and In winter often white with snow. Take for the southern boun dary a river of Indian lineage and folltw in Its sweeping crookedness the swift and turbulent Seneca as it twists thJ? way and that to mark the conQnes of the estate. And to thin settVtfg add broad expanses of river bottom lands green with corn, steep hillsides sinu ous with level grassy terraces and cool pastures with winding brooks and graceful shade trees and you have a picture of Clemson College, not col ored to suit the canvas of an artist, but as seen every year by nearly a thousand young South Carolinians who seek amid these surroundings an education that will prepare them for self-respecting, self-supporting citi zenship. A Storied Spot. Clemeon College Is a unique blend ing of the old and the new, of the his toric with the now. Just across the road from the cadet dormitories, which overy session house over 800 young men, and In sight of the new electric power station that day or night beats as the Industrial heart of the community, Is th? white columned mansion of the illustrious John C. Cal houn. One can almost picture the great statesman, as with hands be hind him he paces the avenues of cedar and oak, putting into form those matchless Ideals of patriotism whose fulfillment he never lived to see. About BO yards to the rear of the mansion Is a queer little one-story room structure with columned porch to match the mansion. This was the "study" of the great statesman, and here were written many of his great orations. Under this little study, which Is abput 20 feet square, is dug a deep pit in which ice cut in winter -was stored for summer use. How the seasons must have changed, for only during one or two winters of the 20 which the writer has spent in the "up country" has Ice formed in sufficient thickness to Justify such ample stor age. In the old mansion are many his toric relics, Including a chair used by Gen. George Washington, and a seven foot mohair-covered lounge on the back of which is carved the Amerloan eagle. It la said that the engraving on our coins was copied from this carving. The old mansion with its historic memories, the peer of the Hermitage, Motint Vornon and Montlcelto, is a priceless State mid national asset, and should bo a perennial source of In spiration to succeeding generation^ of young South Carolinians who are privileged to live for four years In the shadow of Its historic walla. Many are wont to ask why the col lege does not bear the name of Cal houn instead of the name of his son In-law, Thou. (J. Clemson. The aimwer la that nowhere does It appear In the records that Mr. Calhoun ever wished or planned the erection of an Indua trlal and technical college on the old homestead. The complete story of Mr. 'Cleinson's part In the founding of tho college la too long to be told horo. A Vast I'limt. The college tract contains over 1,600 acreH. On the property, there are 23 principal public buildings, 70 dwell ings and 64 minor buildings. The col lege, has In Its employ 401 teachers, oUlcers and laborers. Its Inventoried property is $1>327,728.67. The offi cers of the college send out yearly over 36,000 letters and over 486,000 other pieces of mail matter, most of which give agricultural information. In addition to the parent station, the college maintains two branch ex periment stations ? one near Summer ville and the other at Florence. Ohe more to be situated in the sand hill section of the State, just as soon su> funds will permit, will complete a system representing the principal soil types of the State. The enrollment has grown from 446 students in 1893 to 834. Originally there were but two courses of study ? now there are 12. In addition to A these regular degree courses, there 1* a four weeks' course for farmers and a one-session practical agricultural course extending from October 1 to June 1 for men over 18. The college maintains 168 four year scholarships and 61 one-yeai scholarships, the cost of which, amounting to nearly $22,000, Is paid out of the receipts from the fertilizer tag tax. Public Service. But the trustees of Clemson College have not only organized an efficient system of fertilizer Inspection and an alysis, by which the farmer gets value received from the tax he pays, and built and maintained a great agricul tural and mechanical college, but they have gone a step farther than Is re quired by their compact with the peo ple and have sought to return to those who pay the tax In the shape of di rect service, all that could be spared over and above the cost of operation and building. The public service has grown as the fertilizer tax has grown, now reaching 'an annual total of over $100,000. Clemson College, with Its plant well developed, Its patronage assured and overflowing, its lines of public service popular and efficient, has behind it a creditable record of achievement, and before it a future bright with the promise of usefulness to South Caro lina. GROWING COWPEAS THE SOUTH'S WONDERFUL LEGUMINOUS CROP By J. N. Ijarper, Dlreotor, 8. C. Ex- 1 porlmont Station.; I The cowpea ts the beat leguminous crop for the South. It produces hay | fully equal to red clover. It resists drouth and a stand is easily secured. It is well adapted to yearly every type ?f "oil in the South, and has few dis eases and Insect pests, and la a won derful soil Improver, as It not only adds large amounts of nitrogen to the soli, but also puts the aoll In the best physical' condition. This orop has been grown for a great number of years In the South, but Its full im portance to Southern agriculture has n<H yet been fully realized. The seed can either be sown broad cast or in rows. If wanted for seed, they should be planted in rows three feet apart and cultivated. When sown broadcast no cultivation is re Quired. However, more seed must be used. The cowpea should not be planted in the spring until the ground 's thoroughly warm and all danger ?f frost la passed. While- the cowpea P'ant is well adapted to all kinds of ,0'l* It i8 best suited to a warm, **ndy sou. The hay from cowpeas Is fully equal to that of red clover and the best varieties for hay purposes the Unknown, Wonderful, Iron C1*>. Whlppoorwill, Red Ripper, Rtd Powder, Calico and the New Era. Land containing the funffus which causes wilt should sown to the! yon variety, which resists the root I n?t and wilt disease. The best va- 1 rletles for seed are Whlppoorwill, New Era, Red Ripper, Black Eye, Red Crowder, Early Bullock, Black Bunch, Calvin and Clay, Calico, Conch, Sport, Taylor, Warren's New Hybrid. This station has obtained 19.6 bushels of seed per acre with the Whlppoorwill. Probably the best all round variety Is Whlppoorwill. It is erect in its growth, is medium eariy in maturing its. seed and a prolific bearer. The early varieties are New Era, Warren's Extra Early, Red Crowder, Whlppoorwill, Extra Early Brown Eye and Early Bullock. Late varieties are Taylor, Calico, Clay, Unknown, Wonderful and Red Ripper. The best varieties for soli improve ment are Unknown, Iron Clay, Red Ripper. Whlppoorwill, Red Crowder and New Era. r The following varieties are trailing to recumbent In their growth: Cali co, Conch, New Era, Red Ripper and Red 'Crowder. Cowpeas should al ways be well fertilized with acid phos phate and some potash. On the sandy soils of the coastal plain, a large amount of potash should be used. At our Coast Experiment Station little growth was made until the soil was sweetened with marl. As the cowpea is & legume and col lects large amounts of nitrogen from the atmosphere by means of the bac teria growing ip the nodules on Its _ " ~ ? ? --O v ? ? t roots. It retjutrva UttI? ammonia Id tta# fertiliser. When Intended for hay, cowpeas should be planted broadcast with some other forage crop. Germs" millet uud sorghum are probably the bpst crops for thi* purpose. Thla sta tion ha* obtained a* much a* seven tons of well curud hay from sorghum and peas, two and one-half tons from peas and crab grass, and three and oue-?juai'lor tons from peas and mil lot. The moat valuable port of the pea plant is the leaves, and the liay should be cured In each a manner that the largest amount of Icavos pos sible should be retained with the hay. For that reason the pea should not remain Ions in the swath, but us soon aa line leaves are' dry upltlciently, lite bay should be raked In windrows for a day or so, then it should be dried out in cocks, a splendid way to cure cowpea hay la to lake it from the windrow and stack it on a polo about six test Ions, driven in the ground Willi crossur ins nulled horizontally, the lowest being about eight inches from the ground. Tile practical place- of Iho cowpea in rotation is utter smull grain. As soon as oals or wheat are cut, the land should be disked and planted in peas, sown broadcast, from four to six pecks per acre. Tills crop of peas will shade the ground and improve the physical condition of ihe soil, will udd nilrogen lo iho soli and prepare thu land lor tho succeeding grain crop. As cowpea hay is a most valuable food, *lt should always be cut for hay. However, if tiio object is to improve the land the pea vines can be turned i under. If the succeeding crop, how ever, is to be a small grain, it is bet ter to cut thu vines off as the pea Vines will form a kind of mulch which will make the soil very loose and pre vent the proper rise of capillary moisture to the small grain. Small grain prefers a compact soil rather than a loose, porous soli. It always pays to plant cowpeaa in corn at the last plowing, if an early maturing variety is planted at this lime, such as the Whippoorwill, New ifira, or Taylor, the seed obtained will far offset the expense and trouble ol planting, and the peas growing in the corn, inslead of hindering the growth of co^n, will Increase tho yielu slightly, and will put the land in bet ter condition for the succeeding grain crop. Small one-horse drills now be ing manufactured for the purpose ol drilling cowpeas iu corn do the work better than it can be done by hand, it always pays to plant a patch ot peas mixed with soy beans as a hog grazing crop. No machine has yet been manufactured that will satisfac torily pick peas. Tho thrashing, however, can be accomplished by if pea huller, which is far less expen se than thrashing out with llail. In the sandy soils of the Coastal Plain, the wilt disease" and root knot disease is widely disseminated. No method lias yet been found for com bating thesu diseases, excepting the rotation of crops and the planting of wilt resistant cotton and the Iron cowpea, whieh resists tho wilt and the root knot. Stored cowpeas should always be treated with carbon bisul phide to keep away weevils. FIGHTING THE HOUSE PLY. Use of My Trap, Screens and Spray Against Dangerous 1'cst. By A. P. Conradt, State Entomologist and Head of Entomological Divi sion, Clemson College. The house fly breeds mainly In moist horse arid sow manure and privy closets. Unlike the stable fly it can not bite. Before thunderstorms, and on sultry days the stable lly molest* man with Its bites and this leads to the erroneous conclusion that the house fly bites. The eggs of the house fly are laid on the manure and hatch the same "day. In five days the maggot transforms to the pupa or resting stage apd in ten days from the time the egg is laid- the full grown Insect appears. Its first impulse Is to find something to eat, and with the fresh filth of Its putre factive breeding place covering every part of Its body, It goes to the kitchen where It samples the meat, bathes in the milk, trails over the butter, licks up tho Jelly, crawls over the baby's face and hands and then goes back to the manure pile to lay eggs and return to tho house for more food. Besides a general carrier of disease and fllth, the house fly Is known to carry several of our most dangerous diseases. The campaign against the fly should begin at the breeding ground. Use the fly trap judiciously about the barns, privy closets,' kitchen door, hog pens and other breeding places. Circular 23 of Clemson College gives directions for making trrfps and one trap is in tho hands of each of the county demonstration agents where it can bo examined.. Avoid fllth or any other fly-attract ing material about the premises, such a's garbage or slops. Garbage and kitchen refuse should be kept In tightly covered vestfels.^ Never throw it on tho ground. It Is sure to attract flies. ? Screen privy closets, Havo every closet provided with a kog or barrel of air slaked lime and uso freely to dry up the closet material. Screen the house. Manure in valuable. If removed from stAlls at a time when it cannot be immediately spread on the field it should be stored in a definite phu*. preferably In a compost shed or pit. To have manure scattered or placed at dumvrou* plaoea about the barn U wasteful and It make# It very difficult to maintain sanitary conditions. The apray for treating uiunijip to kill mugKota Im described In (Hrcular No. 2 8, of the Experiment Btatlon. Tin; ixyrroN iu:i> si?h>kh. I ? . Methods ItMxiiuiuuulixl for Control of Till* lutM-ct l'ont. Uy A. IF. Conradl, titate Entomologist und Head of Entomologist Oivlsloih OllRHj^O <ulloge. Imrlng this dry weuthor one will uollce reddish ureas on leavea of cer tain plants. it it* especially noticea ble on violets. The leavs noon turn brown und become dry and brittle. Many people call it rust, but If one stops to examine Into the mutter closely ho will find little reddish col ored in ilea on tho under surfaces of the leave*. The characterlatlc web can also be eusily noticed. This la the red apider. It it* a dry weather insect, und if not stopped, It often do&a serious damage. The cotton red apider it* one of our moat Important cotton peata during June, July and August. This, ao fur, uppeart* to be a fuvuruble yeur, and farmers Bhould Watch their cotton for the III ML appearance of this peat. The damage occurs in apota In the llt'ld. l'oke weed and Violet plunta ahould not be allowed in and uboiit plunta tiona, while underbruah should be kept down ua far aa practicable. Aa soon aa the hrst Infested plunta are discovered they ahould be cure* fully removed and ourned. Ulood red apota will allow on the upper aurfucc of leaves attacked. ft Uua la not done then the Insects will spread from plant to plant und in a ahort time cauae the ruination of a large area Of cotton. This migration baa to take place on root, a* the lnsocts have no winga. This makea it at once appar ent that to a great extent at least it la everybody'a own problem, regardleaa of hia neighbors. Whenever tho infestation spreads and the infeated apota become larger, one of aeveral apruya may be given. The most satisfactory of these la po taaalum sulfide, recommended by Mr. to. A. McUregor, of the liureau of Entomology. Thia material coata about 20 cents per pound, and the spray consiata of three pounds of po tasaium sulilde in 100 gallons of water. In spraying, the under sides of the leaves should be thoroughly covered. This ia accomplished by means of an elbow ,of 46 degrees. A short one-quarter Inch pipe makes a good extension rod, and in the ab sence of an elbow tho end of thia pipe may be bent. IIOU ClIOIiKIlA AND now 10 control it. By Dr. M. l<ay Powers, State Vetorl nurlan and Head of Veterinary Division* Clemson College. There are two principal methods of preventing hog- cholera; one "by the use of serum, u,nd the other by taking care to avoid the methods of spread ing the disease, which are here out lined brieiiy. Hog cholera is spread by failure properly to dispcksp of the carcases of dead hogs. Buzzards, dogs and other animals feeding upon these carcasses can carry infection to other premises. All carcasses should be burned or buried immediately, and buzzards should be destroyed in communities where they are not protected by law. I In communities where these scaven gers are thus protected, the law should be repealed and the birds de stroyed. Another very common method of spreading hog cholera is walking through yards or fields where sick hogs are kept and carrying the infec tion on shoes and clothing to other premises where healthy hogs are con lined. It should be remembered that discharges from hogs infected with cholera are very infectious, and the owners should not go or allow any of their help to go on premises where there are sick hogs. Neither should they allow neighbors to go among their hogs when cholera exists in the community. Healthy hogs should be I cared for by persons who have not been where the disease exists, and no one else shouhi be allowed near the healthy drove. Cholera may be spread by streams receiving drainage from infected pr^rnlses. by buying hogs from prem ises where the disease exists, or from public stock yards, or by failure to isolate newly purchased hogs until their freedom from disease has been ascertained: These three matters de serve careful attention. When oholera exists in a neighbor hood every hog owner should estab lish a strict quarantine on his in dividual premises. When the disease exists on adjoining farms hogs should be protected by injection with anti hog cholera serum. The sudden death of one or two hogs should lead the owner to suspect cholera. If upon examination of the carcasses cholera lesions are found, all healthy hogs should be. moved at once to new lots or pens until they 'can be injected with serum. A farmer finding cholera among his hogs should at once apply to the Veterinary Division, Clemson College, for serum, which Is to be had at act ual cost of manufacture, and should secure the services of his county farm demonstration agent, who has been instructed in tho use of serum. It is .the duty of all citizens to see that the State law relative to prompt, disposal of carcasses is Btrlctly en forced. niElSLNO THE STATE OF THE CATTLE TICK. By Dr. M. Hay Powers, State Veter inarian and Head of Veterinary Division, Clemson College. In July, 1907, the Voterinary Divi sion of Clemson Collego, in co-oper ation with the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, commenced tick eradication work lu Oconee, Pickens, Uroonville and Anderson Counties. Since that date this work has been gradually and systematically extended until fourteen counties are now free from ticks and released from Federal Quarantine. Systematic work has also been in progress In six othor counties for the past year, and these should be In con dition for release th'ls fall. Prior to 1014 the expense of tick eradication work was borne by Clem son College and the U. 3. liu roau of Animal Industry. With the exception of about $600 (received from citizens of thww counties) no funds were avail able from other lourooa. At the last meeting of the Qeueral Assembly, $30,000 w un appropriated for co-oper u ling with the U. H. Bureau of Animal Industry in the work of ti<k ? radio* Uon n> South Carolina, tin* swum to be expended through Clemson Col lege. Shortly after this appropriation watt received, arrange incuts were mude to pl*< o tl?'k el mlii ttt i. .11 under an inspector who oouldi devote it 1m en tire time to this work. Tlqk erudioa Uon l? m>w Lh-imk rapidly pushed into ull tick Infested counties of this State, DEIIMDM TUtO IIKtrr hOtJTHKKN (ilUSK. By J. N. ilurper, Director B. O, Exper iment Station, Clemsuu College. Bermuda u?s 1m the most vu.lu.a l?le kiuhh the South possesses and In thu best for pusturuge and lawn pur* poses, lie true value 1# uot yet ap? pruciutyd by lta most ardent udvo c uUm. There are severul vurletlue or type* of thla gru s* grown In the South differing from euch other uiuLnly In the sige of stems und spiculets and In hardiness. borne of the tsmaller, nardy types are from two to throe weeks earlier In muking thulr growth in the early spring than are the coarser varieties. There are other species of grasses, Much ns wire grass and Egyptian gruss, often mlsiukcii P/ farmers for Bermuda, and for this reason Bermuda glues la sometimes denounced an being worthless by lurmurs who have growing on thulr tarme the other specie* which are of little value. iiermuda grass, when grown on well Improved land uud properly treated, will ufford during six months or the year us much gruss uh the aver age bluo grass pasture of Kentucky. 1 have known one aero to furnish ull the food during the summer months for ?lx culvuu. Three uurou of thU grass on Improved land will pasture fifteen brood sows with their Utters they requiring no other food than that afforded by live acres of forage crops. When grown on rich bottom lands and kept f ruo from weeds and pi opei ly fertilized, lioriuuda grass af fords a splendid meadow, uh it can be cut twice during the season, yielding from three to four tons of excellent buy. Bermuda buy is rich in carbo hydrates and makes us goood hay as timothy, it is well suited for work stock, but Is not so good for dairy cattle. Fortunately, we have discovered that Heriuuda gruss is not a serious weed enemy, for us it uoes not mature seed to any extent In this country and spreads only by underground and overground stems it can be eusily kept in elitJck. As it is u troplcul plant una requires plenty of sunlight it can be eusily erudlcuted In two or three years by shading it out by growing wintei legumeM, such us vetch, plunted with oats, followed by a summer legume,' such as cowpeus or velvet beans. Iier muda does not damage cotton any tiling 11 Kg uh much iuj Uocu critb gruan, and a good crop of Corn can be made in the Held badly Infested with Ber muda If properly cultivated. Bermudu gruss is of great benefit to the soil in thut It prevents it from wushlng, udd* humus to the soil* und 1111m the soil with innumerable fibrous roots which produce the best foi'ui of humus. It Is un annual with perennial, under ground stems. If Bermuda Is planted in the fall it can be grown with oats and vetch, or with bur clover. It Is a splendid plant for terrace banks and is also valuable to grow on railroad und pond banks to prevent them from caving In and washing away. As It requires plenty of sunlight, It will not grow well In shaded places, it can bo propagated by sowing the seed at the rate of two pounds to the acre or by planting pieces of sod. A good way to obtuln a Bermuda sod Is 10 break the land with a turning plow or disk plow and in every furrow drop a smull piece of sod every twelve inches, the next furrow covering it from two to three inches deep. It cun be sodded ulmost any time dur ing the year, but the best time Is in the early spring. It should be planted after some winter legume, such as our clover, crimson clover, or vetch, if planted In the spring; and if planted in the fall, should follow cow peas, soybeans, velvet beuns or beg gurweed. After the lund has been plowed and the plants dropped, the land should be thoroughly harrowed to make the pasture smooth and even. Cattle should be turned into the pasture as soon as possible. The best iiermuda pasture can be ruined by allowing weeds and other grasses to grow. Bur clover can be sown in the fall In a Bermuda pasture. Bermuda grass is usually ready for good pas ture by June 1st. After the pusture has remained in Bermuda grass four or live years, it should be plowed up in the early spring: and planted in cowpeus. Tho cowpeus will improve the physical condition of the soil and will add nitrogen, which Is most bene ficial to the Bermuda. If a Bermuda pasture is allowed to run too long it becomes sod-bound and a poor quality of grass Js produced. It is a heavy feeder on nitrogen and should bo fer tilized with an application of nitrate of soda about the middle of overy April, using from 60 to 100 pounds per acre. Acid phosphate should be applied every four years at tho Vate of 300 or 400 pounds per acre. A good time to apply this Is at the time "the landvls broken in tho spring prepara tory for a crop of peas. One thousand pounds of lirno is also very beneficial. This can be applied once every five or six years. If Bermuda Is planted with Texas bluo grass, whit* clover and common vetch a pasture can be ob tained that will afford good grazing nine or ten months in the year. 11ESUI/TS OF TOP-DItKSSING. Beat Times to Apply Nitrate of Soda to Corn and Cotton. By T. E. Keltt, Chemist, 8. C. Experi ment Station, Clemson College. Results obtained at the South Caro lina Experiment Station show that a top-dressing with nitrate of soda gives good results on ootton, corn and small grains. The increase is most marked during a wet year, because this nitro gen is already in an immediately available form, while the rotting of the organic sources does not proceed as rapyily as usual on account of the excess or moisture in the soil. The amount to apply 'per acre varies with the fertility of the soli and the pre vious fertilization, but we would sug gest from fifty pounds per acre on poor land up, according to the fertil ity of the soli. Early applications are coming into favor. We recommend that the soda be applied to corn when It Is between knee and waist high, to cotton Just aa the shapes begin to form, and to small grain In March. Care should be taken not to so'w nitrate of soda on wet plants, because It Is likely to scald them. It is best to apply it Just after a rain, when the moisture has dried off of the 4eave? the plants, then cultivate with a mulch forming implement as soon as the ground Is dry enough to plow. OASOUNS ENQINBS ON TUB MODERN FAJtM. Nome l'rui ti(*l arid Helpful Details lu < >|H"j*hUu|( Thin Aid U> fanning. Hy Ht yloH Howard, Assistant I'rofea sor Machine Hhop. Clemson College. ?)f the various p<?wor producing machine* lu ubo on the farm, prob ably the most used and the, most adaptable to Mil Mort h of conditions Is the single-cylinder gasoline engine of the four-stroke oyCfo type, This m i chins in made lu two form*, voitical and horUOntAJ. and Willi either ub or wat< i cooled cylinder. Willie machines of different umk?iM vury as to detail, they all have the miiiie essential parts; namely, eylln <u>r with inlet a in i i'xIiuuki valve#, piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, crunk shaft bearings with supports, 11 y wjfteels, exhaust valvo opener, gov ernor, Ignitiun apparatus, carburetor, cooling apparatus and Oiling system. These engiues may be yurohased lit sues from one-hulf horsd power up ward. i ullko the flteam engine, with whoHo pulling powers \ye aro familiar, the gasoline engine will not carry much overload; nonce It lu advisable 10 buy u nun hum iarge enough to do the maximum work required of It Without overloading, if tne engine li to be used for pumping only, small special pumping machines that give excellent service may be bought at & reasonable price. If the farmer owns but one engiuu, It is probably advisa ble In all cases to procure a larger machine than the small Si?es, a ma chine that will drive the wood (taw, tho corn shelter, the feed grinder, and so on. These machines give a relatively high efficiency at light loads, and it la, therefore, not ob jectlonal to run them light. The %rmor, for a small outlay of money, can provide a room in which he can set his engine and such ma chines as he desires to run with It. utul his wood saw may occupy att open shod at the sldo of the room. A rod of cold-rolled steel, mounted in hang ers attached to tho overhead wood work, makes an excellent line shaft at low cost. This shaft should run lengthwise the full length of the room to provide for as many machine* as the room will hold. Tho foed grinder, corn sheller, etc., may be put together in a part of tho room separated from the balance of tile room by a parti tion, and beyond this partition may be Installed the washing machine, the cream separator, the churn, the eleo tric plant, etc. These machines are driven by the line shaft by means of belts. in a limited space It Is not possible to discuss the many uses to which a gasoline engine may be put on., the farm,. but the writer wishes to im press on the farmer the fact that it is well worth the farmer's time to acquaint himself with the possibili ties of the gasoline engine with refer ence to his own particular case. Man ufacturers and dealers are ready to supply full and free Information on request. ' ? A great many people are under the Impression that the gasoline engine Is a very unreliable and dangerous thing. This erroneous impression is due to the fact that the machine is not un derstood by these people. As a mat ter of fact, the gasoline engine Is one Of the simplest of prime movers, and If kept in good order and In proper adjustment, it Is a most dependable source of power. When the farmer forms the habit of rubbing down his engine frequently and looking It over for loose nuts and slipped adjust ments, at the same time looking care fully to the quality of lubricating oil he uses, he will find that he possesses a safe, coonomloal, and very satisfac tory power. ??? COLICS OF liOKSK AND MULE. Types of Malady and What to Do in Treating Kadi Kind. By lJr. M.k Ray Powers, State Veter inarian and Mead of. Veterinary Division, CluniHon College. . One of the moBt common and alarm ing diseased conditions occurring In horses and mules Is that of colic. The term is a very loose one, being generally used to denote any abdominal pain whatever, and it may readily be inferred that it, therefore, occurs in a great variety of diseases. It is, however, only necessary here to consider it under two heads, viz., Bpastrtodlc colic and colic due to im paction or obstruction of the bowels. Spasmodic colic is probably of the most frequent occurrence and consists of a violont contraction of the musoles of the intestines, causing intense pain. It is usually brought on by giving large amounts of cold water to a horse over-heated; by exposing such a horse to chilling rains after a hard drive; sometimes by giving a heavy feed of green succulent food; and In horses that are predisposed to it, a sudden change of diet may be ali that la necessary- to bring on an attack. The condition is recognized by the horse suddenly showing symptoms of intense pain following some of the causcs above mentioned: stamping violently with one hind foot; looking around at the flanks with an anxious expression; sweating; lying down sud denly and rolling in agony, and with occasional periods of freedom from pain followed by similar attaoks. Colic from Impaction Is a condition in which there 'is a partial or complete stoppage of the bowels, and may be brought on by overloading the stom ach when in a tired out condition and particularly with dry, InnutriUous feed. A faulty condition of the teeth may also be a predisposing factoir on account of imperfect mastication of the food. This condition is accom panied by constipation and the animal shows evidences of a continuous dull pain as compared with thpt of spas modic colic, moving stiffly, lying down occasionally and 'groaning, but with the absence of violent movement*. It also runs a longer course usually than spasmodic colic. In spasmodic colic a sedative or narcotic treatment should be resorted to in order to overcome the violent contraction and relieve the pain. One of the best remedies is fluid extract of Cannabis indica, or Indian hemp, given In doses of six drams by the mouth. This brings on drowsiness, and, as a rule, by the time the drowsi ness has worn off the colic has disap peared. Another good remedy vls chloral hydrate given in doses of one ounce dissolved in a pint of water; or if a hypodermic syringe be availa ble, two grains of sulphate of mor phine may be dissolved in a little water that has b6en boiled and al lowed to cool and Injected under the skin. With impaction colic, entirely dif ferent remedies are needed, the ob ject being to unload the Intestines of the offending material. For this pur pose Ave drams of aloes dlssolveaHn a quart . of hot water and conjoined with one ounce of oil of turpentine and one dram of fluid extraot of mix vomica may be given; or if this is not conveniently at hand, one and a half pints of linseed oil may be given, and If there la evidence of muoh pain three drams ot Cannabis indica may also be given. Copious rectal ItU+ty' tlons of soap suds are beneficial also. Tbsse tumwdlwi" ~wt!l usually 'suflSfta, but If more drastlo treatment is neces sary it should be entrusted to * veter inarian. >