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Ireland Cannot Starve With Such Crop* ?? Thet?. Co-Operative Farm Products Mflrkctins How it Is Done in Europe and May Be Done in America to the Profit of Doth Farmer and Consumer By MATTHfW 8. DUDGEON. ( Copyrl?li I. 1814, Western N?i wipapi f Union < SAVING RURAL IRELAND Dublin, Ireland. ?Poverty and dis tress and squalor and hunger Is still prosont in the slums of Homo of the Urgwr citloH of Ireland. Hut over the richer rural parts of Irelah'd has cbme Intelligent organized industry and en thusiastic energy which make It as rich and prosperous at* the richest portion* of the great middle weHt in America. Itural Ireland Is unquostlon ably a regenerate Ireland. The process ?f regeneration Is progressing. Pros perity is crowding out poverty and In vading even those regions which have heretofore been considered the natural strongholds of poverty. How Prosperity Came to Ireland. There aro several contributing causes for this changed condition. Tho : land tenure laws have done wonders. ' tender old conditions the slightest in-' dlcation of prosperity upon the part of the tenant, If It wore only a now cap or tho wife a clean apron, meant a raise in rent. It was to the advant- i age of the tenant farmer to seem more miserable than ho was. Tho system put a premium on squalor and rugged nohsand slovenly farming. No one could safely whitewash his cottage or plant a tree or cultivate a flower. Now all is changed. Three hundred thou sand farmer tenants are now purchas ing their holdings under a beneficent law, whlelr permit?* the purchase of the land without the advance payment of ,i cent. The only obligation upon the purchaser iH that he pay annually 294 per cent, upon the value of the little farm as interest and Iohs thun one-half per cent as an installment upon the principal. Under Uiis law the entire ?tenant class are acquiring Ujeir homes by the annual payment of sums aggriv Katlu;: considerably, lens Mian tho for mer rent Plunkett TeachoK Co-operalion. There can bo no doubt that rural Ireland is making a business success of farming. Hut it In not doing Uh busi ness in a business-like way becuuBe of any spontaneous impulse on tho part < of the lrlBh farmer. It is rather be- | eauHo business-like Irishmen went ' about organising the business pro- ( eedure of rural enterprises In a most business-like way. Tho loader of these ; business like Irishmen Is Sir Horace i Plunkett. To him (reland owos more than it will ever reallr.e. From the' first bis propaganda was educational. ' His proposition was that .the Irish | farmer must bo taught the efficacy of combination In industries. lie did not believe in subsidies or subventions, j Voi did he believe that relief would come through legislation or through *-t :it? aid In any form. As Father Fln tay, professor of econlmlcs in the Na tional University of Dublin, says: "The farmers' best resources he held to be i heiniscl v e.H, and In their own intelll K> no", self-reliance and mutual trust, and these resources it uas his pur pose to develop." He Encounters Difficulties. There seemed to be most excellent reasons why ho could not succeed. The Irish people were dispirited and din eoui'aged. They wove suspicious and nfratd of all now movements, J>ii Horace IMunkett himself belonged to the despised landlord < lass. w ith which ?ihe people had been. long in constant conflict. Ah Father Pin lay s;->s. In religion he wan a Protestant and Ills appeal would he to u people predominant!} Catholic in a country whore religion* antagonisms prevnde every sphere of social life. In politics ? so far an h? wan a politician ? he was a t uionlst and those whom he proposed to intlu enco were Nationalists by a vast ma iority, keenly suspicious of any policy which threatened to divert the mind i>f the nation from the political alms on which it was passionately bent." It is not surprising, therefore, that it was only after more than a year of strenuous efforts and after more than flfty public meetings list! been held than in 1889 a bod) of Limerick farm ern Anally consented to establish a co operative creamery It was again over a year before a second one followed suit. By the end of IS91. however ?seventeen creameries were, at work and at the end of 1 8911 thirty had been organized. Thereafter the co-operative societies were organized more rapidly Now eo-opeKatlon and good business method provail throughout Ireland There are 980 co-operative so cietles upon the island. With an ag grogate paid up share capital of About a million dollars tholr annual turn-over Is twelve million dollars. la 1894 the co-operative movement huu become ho great that there was need of a central society to carry on the work which had theretofore been done by volunteer propagandists. The I. A. O. 8. There wan needed an organitation which should help rural communities organize their marketing and business processes, be a central federation of all existing societies, and become a HUpervlsor and auditor of their busi ness methods. Such a uoclety Is the Irish Agricultural society. At its head has been and Is Sir Horace I'lunkett, who has been the John the Haptist of the gospel of co-operation in Ireland. He Is ably assisted by the secretary, Mr. R. A. Anderson, a man of rare executive ability and of emi nent common sense. Associated in the movement also Is Mr. George W. Rus sell, brilliant Journalist and editor of the Irish Homestead, a man who is practical as well as a poet and painter. The vice-president of the organization Ik Rev. Father Thomas A. Finlay, pro fessor of economics in the National University at Dublin, a Catholic priest who' has a most raro and kindly knowledge of human nature, combined with a splendid head for the details of the business of the co-operative organi zation. Seldom has ho well balanced a quur tot of men been associated together in any economic movement. They are In very fact a power for the business regeneration of rural Ireland. Practic ally all of (ho co-operative societies in Ireland lmve been organized by the I. A. O. S. It h organizers meet with the promoters of a news society and give them the benefit of the experiences of the older societies. They furnish a set of rules, advise an to equipment, j install a system of bookkeeping and good business methods. The society has a staff of Hkilled, experienced men who are organizers, editors and inspec tors. To it co-operative societies make certain definite reports. To It they constantly go for advice and council and over them It maintains a most complete power of audit. The func tion of the society iH to unify and co ordinate, to inspect, to audit, to advise. It has boen its achievement to pilot alfl co-operative organizations through the struggles and difficulties inherent in the Initiation of the movement to ul timate success. Always and' every where the society insists on good busi ness methods, tipon the most effective system of accounting, upon fair and broad-minded dealings with all con cerned, and upon the maintenance of the hlghost quality In all products. American co-operation must havo a similar central society if It is to be effective. During the parliamentary recess of 1S95, through the efforts of this name statesman. Sir Horace Plunkett, there was brought together a committee of representative men of various parties and creeds, who later presented a pe tition to the government praying for tho institution of a state department which would. fulfil tho functions of a ministry of agriculture for Ireland.] These proposals were embodies in a law enacted in 1S99 and immediately then-after the department of agricul Hire, with Sir Horaco Plunkett at its head, began Its career of education. The present head of "tho department of agriculture and technical instruc tion," as it is now termed. Is the Hon. Thomas W. Russell. Agricultural Wholesale Society. A* was but natural, the co-operative organizations, after they had estab lished themselves and began furnish ing a product of high quality, found that the individual managers of the separate societies had not facilities for obtaining a knowledge of tho mar ket. To understand fully the conditions in all markets to which Irish products might reasonably be expected to have access was too large a task for each scattered organization to undertake for itself Consequently the Irish Ag rieultural Wholesale society, limited, began business At first it confined itself to the marketing of Irish prod ucts loiter, when local co-operative societies found trouble^ in getting goods of high quality at reasonable prices, the organization took up the jobbing business as a side is?sue. Now it maintains two branches, ono-seventh of Its business is performed as a Job ber, six sevenths uL itu mar keting Irish goods. \l>ou; one-third of the Irish ? c, cross the channel to TV . M 5 Gotland. -v. I 'file hialtbful growth that ha? occur red In th?- buhiiM > * oi the concern from I I DOR to 10)2 |h Indicated by the (ol- j lowing figures: 190 6 fU70,4flO 1907 IL'M.IS., I 1908 Mb.lW | 1009 . Ml, 630 J 1910 617 640 1911 <5?4.?4G ; 191 2 K84.'?00 ' The (rich Homestead. The gre?i cooperative movement l? , not Without itu press organ. The Irish Homestead announces Itself as "that organ of Irish agricultural and Indus trial d? ?vfinpiiH'iit " Such it undoubt edly It. It does not, however, confine ItMtf If to teaching the doctrine of co operation, but contalnn departuientB dealing with all phases of agricultural development. The number before me huti article^ or comments upon the fol lowing subjects: "The Plea for the! Middleman," "Seed Germination and Orowth," "Live Stock Notes," "Tuber ; culosis," "Poultry," "Creamery Man- ' agement," "Pages for Irish Country men." It also contains a column de voted to to the interests of "The Unit-?! ed Irishwomen." The Irish Homestead is edited by Oeorge W. Russell, a brilliant writer, tbe clarity and force j of whose editorial comments extend the subscription list to many who are i not of those diroctly Interested in the , agricultural Hubjects which are the maintops discussed In the journal ? The United Irishwomen. In all his efforts for improving the conditions of rural Ireland, Hit Horace Plunkett makes constant use of the f formula, "Better farming, better busl ness, and better living." ' It Is true thnt "better liviug" is I placed within the reach of many an Irish family because of the returna! guaranteed from the better farming' and better business which come j through cooperation, but aB Father j Flnlay says In tho article hcrtofore referred to, " At an early stage of the movement a scheme of what, was call ed "home-brlghtenlng" was put into oporatlon in certain selected centers whore successful co-operative societies had been established. Educated ladies who had experience In peasant life in the more advanced rural communities of the continent were settled In model cottages. They received the women ? and girls of the locality and taught them such elements of housekeeping! as would enable them to turn the re- 1 sources of house, garden and farmyard ! into best account. Later they became j more intlmato In their advice and as j sistanco and became instrumental in the preparation of tho family meals. I suggested reforms In the matter ol i cleanliness and order, brought about j the larger use of garden fruit aud v?ig- j ??tables and taugh methods of preserv- ! ing them. Soon the men of the family, becom ing interested, co-operated in the pro cess of homo brightening. Simple im provements were made, whitewash lib erally applied, a kitchen garden cul tivated, trees and flowers were plant ed, and shriibs and roses trained to grow against the walk. The cost of this home brightening scheme was at first defrayed by Sir Horace Plunkett, who devoted to it the salary attached to his office of vice-president of the department of agriculture. He realized, however, that it was essentially a women's work and should be In their hands. This led to the organization of "The United Irishwomen." As Miaa Pilklngton, one of their leaders, saya: "The work which the United Irishwom en propose to do In rural Ireland may bo considered under three heads ? ag riculture and Industries, domeatie economy, social and Intellectual de velopment. Home dairying can be much Improved, and It is of lmmenae importance that a sufficient supply ol milk for every household should be available. Many glrlB are employed in shops at bookkeeping, but few ever try to keep their father's accounts for him, although quite capable of doing so when they first leave school. "Tho branch committee of the Unit ed Irishwomen, la co-operation with the county committee under the depart ment of agriculture, and assisted by the farmers' societies, could do for the farmer's wife what the Irish Agricul tural Organization society does for the farmer." r Splendid Social Center. A member of the Kllkee branch of the United Irishwomen writing to an American interested in tho movement says: "Our neighboring branch at Doonaha (about five miles from thla) has combined with the farmers and others to purchase a disused creamery and make it into a parish h&ll, where we will hold classes under the varloua instructresses supplied by the congeat ed districts board, the department and others, and where we will also hare dances, plays, concerts and all the other things which make life happy for the country side. "Our branch here had an entertain* ment on November eve, which la aa old Irish festival, as perhaps you know. We had games of various kinds, and dancing, including Iriah Jigs. We now have a teacher of plain needlework sent by the congested districts board* in Doonaha, and hope to get her for Kllkee later on. "Tomorrow v? open our Girl club for winter ovenlngs here In Kllkee, and in tho same rooms we provide hot breakfast for the farmers nnd droT ers who come in with cattle, on fair days, at choap rates. We also serve hot cocoa to tho school children who need it. every day at luncheon hour" And so the salvation of Ireland is after all being worked out by a big co-operative M-h'-me In which local so cities, {he wholesale society the agri cultural department of the govurn ment. lb:- 1 A t). S., the lri$h Home stead. and the United Irishwomen all are playing important parts. Bank Stock For Sale I am offering lor^ale. within JO days. r ? \' <? I housand ($3,000) Dollais worth ol stock of the Loan & Saying* / ?> V Hank, of Camden, S. C. L L. CLYBURN DeKALB, S. C. BANK STOCK WANTED I hereby offer Five I hous and Five Hundred Dollars ($5,500.00) for the Five Thousand Dollars of Loan & Savings Bank Stock. (50 shares) advertised by L. U Clyburn, that is to say, * ten per cent, above phr. Henry Savage CAMDEN, S. C. MONEY T<> l/OAN. On Improved fariiiH. Knny terms Apply to B. LV Clarke, Canidon, S C 60. SAM WING LAUNDRY PH0NE91 915! Broad St., Camden, S. C. BREAD IS THE STAFF OF LIFE That being the case it behoove# you to use flour you can depend upon. We have just received a car of those deservedly popular brands, "Presto" and "Morning Star" and we are selling it very reasonable* Corn, Oats and Feed Stuffs are our specialties and it will pay you to see us. MURCHISON Wholesale Supply Company For SORE HEAD (Ctilck?n Pox) Thia drcud iJIwhko will priiotioi.Hy ruin llie flo<k unU-H.s quickly checked. Sore Head (Chicken Pox) Remedy 25 and 50c is a sure euro. Kiglit lice, niUtu, etc.; with h suro weapon. PrgltS* Powdered Lice Killer He anaSOr. J? easily applied and never fails. Refuse substitute!); insist on Pratt* , Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back [ tic l I'rutta ISO page Poultry Hook ! Kov sulo in Cumdcu by Spring & Shannon an<l Hhutm* Bros. COLUMBIA LUMBER & MANUFACTURING CO. MILL WORK SASH, DOORS, BLINDS AND LUMBER PLAIN & HUGER STS. Phone 71 COLUMBIA, S. C. Farm Lands For Sale 510 acres, more or less, known as the Spencer Place, situated 12 miles Southwest of Camden on the Coulter's Ferry Iload; 100 acres of open land, two horse farm under cultivation; land lies well; good stream running water; plenty of wood and good quantity of timber on this tract. Price $10 per acre. f Farm of W. E. DeLoache, situate 2 1-2 miles Southeast of Camden containing 27 0 acres; 150 acres of open land, pax*t of this under cul tivation; timber and wood enough for place; land producing well; ad joining lands have sold for $80.00 per acre; one five room dweHtngj a good barn and seven tenant houses. For sale at $35.00 per acre. The Doby Place containing 4 50 acres 3 miles Of Blanoy; 260 acres open land, a part of this under cultivation; 100 acres pasture land under wire; some good open creek land, plenty of wood and some timber on the place; good buildings; one overseers house,; 6 tenant houses and two barns. Twenty-fivo mile creek runs through this pro perty. Price $7,500. Terms: 1-4 cash, balance in three years at the usual rate of interest. 361 acres on Town Creek, four miles south ot Camden; 60 acres open , land; two tenant houses. Will sell at a bargain. Plat of same . can be seen at our office. 137 acres on Lockhart Road known as the Whoat Place; seventy - onu acres under cultivation; 3 tenant houses and one dwelling. Price $22.00 per acre. 100 acres three miles from Camden beiweeen the Kershaw and Liberty Hill Road; 50-ncroa under cultivation; one four room dwell ing and barns. Price $35.00 per acre. ? ? 7 5 acres adjoining City Limits, known as Race Track Place of H. G. Carrison; one good overseer's house, several tenant houses and barns; Improvements first v clans ; land* in high state of cultivation. Price Reasonable. 1,900 acres eight miles from Camden, on Charleston Road, on Southern Railway with siding and ware -house; ono now over-seer's / house, eight tenant houses, 1 large barn, 1 gin houso and equipment and 1 cotton house. 1,200 acres swamp land, excellent for cattle or bay culture;; 650 aores upland, '300 acres of the upland being of the finest land in the state and in the highest state of cultivation. Price $21 an acre. Very easy terms. 352 acres of land known as the Creed property, eight miles North of Camden; 200 acres open land, some timber and plonty of wood on place; one half mile from good school; ono five room dwelling, barnn, one store building and ten tenant houses. Price on application. Terms: one-third cash, balance to suit purchaser. Small farm, property of II. M. Fincher, one mile East of Camden; ono new $1,200 dwelling and barns; land in high state of cultivation 10 acres of this land produced seven 500 weight bales of cotton and 144 bushels of corn. Price $3,000. Terrms 1-6 cash, balance at 7 per cent on easy terms. Wo also have listed with us a good selection of City property. C.P. DuBose & Company Real Estate City Property Farm Lands