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'P raa iimn isii Official Communication From The President is Read in Congress - jfaiS SUGGESTIONS ON LEGISLATION "7 . The President Makes Strong Recom mendations Concerning Capital and K - *1 Labor, Forelgfr Affairs, Army and ^~~N?vy, Commlfrce and Other Subjects That Will Come Before Congress, ~ ~ - Following is the eubqlanee of the an nual message of President Roosevelt, "read In both Houses of Congress: l To the Senate and IIouuo of Repre sentatives: The Nation continues to enjoy note worthy prosperity. Such procperlty is of course primarily due to tho high in dividual average of our citizenship, tr.ken together with our great natural resources; ~but an important factor therein Is the working of our long continued govern mental policies. Th?s * people have cmphattrall/ expressed L their approval of the principles under lying these policies, nnd their desiro that these principles he kept substan tially unchanged, although of course applied in progressive spirit to meet changing conditions. CAUTION AGAINST EXTRAVA GANCE. through* which ihJ)er ' ?f P,08lierIty justifies expenditure, "f 13 poss,n? Imnwv. *penaituies for permanent Z'm lT* Lm?c?'\ '*'? c.v.1 ? i^e in hard times H&ttie . Improved "? -Which fihonid <i'VXa'VS> aro Investments rkH iu ? ,)H n,Mt'? wlien we have a larire^'urni ab""(1ant revenues and '7fi'ance an i 'S always invite extrava - taken'to ?. ?C<.>USta,U care 8ho"Ifi he noase oM against unnecessary in ' ernmenf rh ordinary expenses of gov businesa ci'l'rfl tlolng Government cP?ra? - Mfrf i 1 rt~ w^h the doln?. ? ? 6('nU,ny ?s the cost of ?n8 ft private business 'v tn ?h?APfTAL AND LABOR. ^ ? v nst.and complicated mechan-' Jtomi^n?ur <moT,crn civilized life the 1 rfnri""? the note oC' industrial ~Sr *??????? of capital and ! liTand' 9? J p? a "i <)f ?rSanlzed capi ta io*?8arV?ed ^bor- to eaoh ofcher S ^ ^ largC como ?*?n<T So?yer#Mly ,to lb0 intimate form ' np o m,,y ,ife- 0ur PecuHSr ^0Veinmeut- wlUl Hs sharp t!on amt?th8^h0rlty between the Na SStf&iK,>av?"1 States' has been r?!L ;.L, . far Ju0re advantageous to crfetrall2PrtPaient t,inn a froro Btr?nsly r^??Ji*ed government/ But it is un ^KWbwHy responsible^- -much of tb? ^82SJtiin?.fh roeett?S with adequate ' hTfill ???ki ? new Problems presented iu,ch#nge ,u Industrial condi h^S^nt^l8 ^?nt,neut dur,n? the la8t 5 ?tury. Jn actual practice It jias JESZ2P- e*ceedI08>y difficult, and* in topossble, to get unanimity J^ JW?e^*ron among the various States a ^ ^''Om the very nature ,8 03Pcclnl'y true of the ?cng *be employment of capi tal in. huge masses. -y ?v - ^J^h regard to labor the problem is ? no less important, bu$ it Is simpler. -As. long as the Statcua retain the pri ~tuary control of the police power the circumstances must be altogether ex " whlch require Interference by the Federal authorities, whether in the v.ay of safeguarding (he rights of labor or In the way of seeing that v/rong is not done by unruly persons J . lhle,d themselves behind the nnme o. labor. If there is resistance to the rederal courts, interference with the mails, or Interstate commerce, or mole ::d T ot ^ede|ai property, or If the , Htatej authorities in somo crisis which ^they are unable to face call for help, " then toe Federal Government may in . tftrfere; but though such Interference may be caused by a condition of things arising out of trouble connected with aoifce question of labor, the Interfer ence Itself simply takes the form of . restoring order without regard to thoJ Questions which have caused the breach of order ? for -to keep order is a pri luary duty and Ina time of disorder and violence all questions sink "Into abeyance Vjv~^^.^ier has been raatored. Jn thX^Mftet'oC Columbia and l?( tha Territories the Federal law vtovaratha entire field of government; but the labor question Is only acute In popular centers of commerce, manufac taraa, or mining. Nevertheless, both in t)*#' enactment and In tlia enforcement ol Uw.the Federal Government within ^-tta restricted sphere should set, an .ex ample to the State governments, es ,1pec1a!ly In a matter so vital aa this tfficttog labor. I believe that under jnodera Industrial conditions' it la often nwaaafy, and even wbere not necea aanr 11 It yet often wise, that there should be organisation of labor in ordjr betler to secure the rights of the ' adrisdual wage-wdtkeiyAll encourage ahould be glvVfcMa any auch or- . "!uu. so loug as It la-conducted J and daceat regard for the CT?. There ara la thla coun ' ?' unions w M ch ba vo hs other tabor unlona which tea gwpwg the moat effec- , 4a wording for good citi tor uplifting the condition ^ tlK>sld ba cloa? W labor 1 jt basks to Imnrnmi I a ^ " ? 1 eumstanees the right to commit vio lence upon those, whether capitalists cv wage-workers, who refuse to support their organizations, or who side with those with whom they are at odds; for mob rule is intolerable in any form. EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY LAW. The Wage-workers are peculiarly en titled to the protection and the encour agement of the law. From the very na ture of their occupation railroad men, tor Instance, are liable to be maimed In ct Mi/. I.isvt 4 I tbw* I iiiArlr r\ t thrir nrn iv6?u??wi,v " i r frssion, unless the railroad companies are required by law to make ample inovision for their safety. The Admin istration has been zealous In enforcing the existing law lor this purpose. That law should be amended and Btrength cned. Wherever the National Govem' uient. has power there should be a stringent employer's liability law, which should apply to thG Government Itself where the Government is an em ployer of labor. w iRReVENTJON OF RAILROAD ACCI DENT?.. V I ho over-increasing casualty list tipoft our railroads is a matter of grave public concern, and urgently calls for action by the Congrcns. In the ma I tor of speed and comfort of railway travel our rallropds give at least as good ser vice as tl'iose of any other nation, and there is no reason why this service should not also be as safe as human in genuity can make it. Many or our" lead ing roads have been foremost in. the adoption of the most approved safe guards for the protection of travelers and employees, yet the list of clearly avoidable accidents '--continues unduly large. 'I he passage of n law requiring the adoption of a blocksignai .system has been proposed to the Congress. I earnestly concur in that recommenda tion, and 'would also point out to the Congress the urgent need o? legislation in the interest of the public safety lim iting the hours of labor for railroad employees iu rValn service upon rail ioa.ds engaged in interstate commerce, and providing that only trained and experienced persons be employed in po g "t inns of responsibility connected with the operation of trains. Of course rio'll i?g can ever p re ventrficM dents caused by humau weakness or misconduct; and there should be drastic punish ment for any raliroaod employe, et whether officer or man, who by Issu ance of wrong orders or -by. disobedi ence of orders causes disaster. The JjJAv of 1901. requiring Interstate rail loads to make monthly reports of ail accidents to pasengers and employees on duty, should" also be amended so as to.empower the Government" to make a personal investigation, through, proper officers, of all accidents involving loss of life which seem to require Investiga tion, with a requirement that the re sult of such lnveatigatipn be made pubiie. . UNIONS OF GOVERNMENT EM PLOYEF.8. There Is no objection to employees of the Government forming or belong ing to unions; but the Government can neither discriminate tor nor ^discrimi nate 'against nonunion men w no are In its employment, or who seek to be em ployed under it. Moreover, It is a very t.ravc Impropriety for Government em ployees to band themselves together for the purpose of extorting cmproperly l?'gh salaries from the Government. Es pecially i? this true of those within the classified service. The letter carriers, both municipal and rural, aro as a whole an excellent body of public ser vants. They should be amply paid. But their payment must be obtained by arguing their tfaims fairly and hon orably before the Congress, and not by landing together for the defeat of those Congressmen who refuse to give promises which they can not in con science give. The Administration has already taken steps to prevent and l-unish ab.uses of this nature; but it will bo wise for the Congress to sup plement this action by legislation. BUREAU OF LABOR. Much can be done by the Government In labor matters merely by giving pub licity to certain conditions. The Bureau of Lab^^&MgiSdpne excellent work of tbis^jtfHHHHpfey different directions. igjSgS^TjHay before you in a spe Csage the full report of the in vestigation of the Bureau of Labor Into tho Colorado mining strike, as this is. a a utrlke In which certain very evil forces, which are mo^'tfr^less at work every wheio under tho\ conditions of modern industrialism, became start 1'ngly prominent. It is greatly to bo wished that the Department of Com raerce and Labor, thrbUgh the Labor Bureau, should compile and arrange foiyj the Congress a list of tho labor laws of the various States, and should be given the means to Investigate and report to the Congress upon the labor conditions inr the manufacturing and mining rc ^ons throughout the country ,4obth as to wages, as to hours of labor, as to the labor of women and children, and of to the effect 1n the various labor centers of immigration from abroad. In this Investigation espcclat attention bhould be paid to the conditions of child labor and child-labor legislation sit thenererat -6tate?r^ CORPORATIONS. - Whet* 5rs. come to deal with great corporations tho need rot the Govern ment to act directly is fsr greater than in the ease of labor, because great cor ^orations c?n become such only by en* imaging in Interstate commerce,, end in terete te commerce is peculiarly the I Held of Off General Government. It is to absurdity to expect to eliminate the , fcbusw ttr iNet corporeiUma by-SUt*. f aromr. b* pauei* with an arfaipent tbat such matters f afeeuM be left to the States, berstise jOngJUttppretteejihe LOto ^asy terius corporations operate* wltfiinlFaT tfcer Wate. ^ose ?55 NaMoaatToav <HBrtiiiiittw wtiii T r 'HI lai infill nature. Tho American people need to continue to show the very qual nnl ! m t,u>y J,aVO shown? that Is, moderation, gorfd sense, the earnest de v<!fr *? nv,? 1 doln* any damage, and >et the quiet determination to proceed, Kep by step, without halt and without inwT.y' ln ?,,n>n?tlng or at least In mln- j * . whatever of mischief or of evil 's to interstate commerce in tho ; .?..i /. 8' cat corporations. Thoy j u'o.im! "?.hl no 8,)lr,t of hostility to ; alth, either individual or corporate, : l)l? not H?a,n?t the rich man any ! nor? than against the poor man. On un, i?I?.1ary' !hoy ar0 friendly alike to !?.'# ui / j n1mn a,Kl toward poor man, Or n.?M on,y, that eaeh ?cta ,n a ?t>i' ft inJ /T and (,0t'en(y toward his fel ':**? ('reat corporations are necos lnr JL'nt ? y men of sreat a"d slngu tonifl j In power can manage such ? r, and such t iw?..rt , ? ,,avo K^eat . rewards. But with h >01a nK 8,,ould he managed I duo regard to tho interest of the l. H wholo Whwp I I.Ik can ho b?'donen< Wt thG ?reEei,t l*** " >*??* olhora 1 J1?'.0 ,1,PS<! laws como Hhoi t j then! enacted to supplement minlLW??,n.1^t<"Gvcr fojgot the dc^cr . .,?/ 1,1 ovory k,nd ot work, o\vn ?r!n,r ' must b0 t,u> n,an'? . " \i0<1 ?eiiHe, courage, and kin. 111 i.i'on i ? m ,mpo!'tant ^an any legla ine r> growth of a feel r?>sponslbiii,y and forbearance olil'e- n* fi ii" an^ wage-workers o>' cn'r h ,! lg of respect on tho part ? ? '""'J [<?'? the rights of others; of l)!'oad community of in. , "ot merely of capitalists among i | . . n c vM all? >V!1Ke;'u,lrkt,? a 'eeling of respect on tho part of ' f?elin?2?i,or f1'0 ri8hta of ot,)ors: a I.nf Ilfor I "i1 c?mm unity of interest, selves ?? i wf.cap,tnl,?t8 among tliem ??!?.!! i of w?ge- workers among pelves, but of capltnlists and \ age- workers in their relations to each 'Ihor. and of both in their relations to ! in ? ows who with them make up tn'iis C' There aro many cap- j I, of industry, many labor leaders 1 who realize this. ' j BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS. | cfJm.n ,,)0,!uv of the Bureau is to acv << mplish the purposes of its creation I ifl n< no1 antagonism: by ! making constructive legislation, not de ductive prosecution, the immediate l,u,,lirks: hy conservative incbtigation t,f law and fact, and (by I,1 I t? issue incomplete and hewo* locessaiily inaccurate . reports. J j I };?, 'cy thus one of open Inquiry , into, and not attack upon, business, the i.'uoau nae b<<Mi able to gain not only tho confidence, but. btdter still, th<r co operation of men engaged in legitimate business. . * The Bureau offers to the Congress t .e means of getting at the cost of pro auction of our various great staples of commerce. Of hecessitj' the careful invoptlga on of special corporations will afford he Commissioner knowledge of certain business farts. the publication of which W'ght be an improper infringement of private rights. The method Bf making H'bllo the results of these Juvcstlga tious affords, under the law, a means tor the protection of private rights. The Congress will have nil facts ex cept such as -would give to another cor poration information which would in jure tho legitimate business of a cora P?i? a?d de9tr<* the incentive for individual superiority and thrift. . The. Bureau, has also made exhaus t!ve examinations into the legal con dition under Which corporate business is carried* on, in the various States; into all Judicial decisions on tho sub ject; and Into the various systems of corporate taxation In use. I cull special eltentlon to the report of the chief of ir.e Bureau; and I earnestly ask that Congress carefully consider the report fnd retommendationa of the Commis sioner on this subject AGRICULTURE. , The Department of Agriculture has fciown into an educational institution with a faculty of two thousand special ists making research Into all the scien ces of production. The Congress appro j priates. directly and Indirc.-tly, six millions of dollars annually to carry on | this work. It reaches every State and Territory In the Union and the islands o fthe sea lately come under our tlag Cooperation Is had with tho State ex j eriment stations, and with many other institutions and Individuals. The world 13 earefuJIy searched for new varieties of grains: fruits, grasses, vegetables, tices, and shrubs, suitable to various localities In our country; and marked benefit to our producers has resulted. The activities of our age in lines of tetearch have reached the tillers of tho soil nnd inspired them with ambition to know iiioro otf the principles that govern the forces/of nature with which they have to deil. Nearly half of tho i ptoplo of this country devote their en erglcs to growiugHhinga from the sell. Until a recent date'littlc has been dono to prepare these millions for their lifo work. In most lines of human activity college-trained men are the leaders. Tho farmer had no opportunity for special training until the Congress mode provision for it forty years ago. During these years progress has been made and teachers have been prepared. Over five thousand students are in at tendance at our State agricultural col leges. Tne Federal Government expends ten millions of dollars annually toward this education and for research In Washington and in the several States nnd Territories. The department of Ag riculture has given facilities for nost yraduatc work to fly* hundred young mc_n_duiing the last seven years, pr?" parlng Mi cm. for advanced Itnes of work iu the Department and in the State institution*. PENSIONS. The veterans of the Civil War havo a claim upon the nation such a a no other body of our citl*enfi poascs?. The Petition Bureau has never in Ita bielory been managed In a more Fat it-factory manner than la now tho f p|e. - . ^ . JAMWTaWN TRI CENTENNIAL. 4|i 1907|^?re will be held at Hamp tcn^ flondl^ie trieentonnial celebra* t?? of tb? settlement ?t Jamestown. VftlilnlSr w TTh "Wtitrtr tire htatory of wlST lTSl liuw iwiuuie ptm ? ttotteii Statea realljr l>eHtn*. I cfiramcnd this to yt>txr ffcrorable conalderaUoo. U la *? event of prime bfatorlc atgnfftcanrc tffMh IN 4*0?ra abow, iU&ittKKL UHWC1 pcuditure continue satisfactory. Tho increase of revenue during the year whs $9,358,181.10, or 6.9 per cunt, tho total receipts amounting to $143,382,* 624.34. Tho expenditures wero $152.* 302,116.70, an increase of about 9 per cent over the previous year, being thus $8,970,492.36 In excess of tho i current revenue. Included 1* tluse expenditures was a total appropriation of $12,956,637.35 for the continuation and extension of tho rural freo-dellv* I ery service, which was afl Increase ' of $4,902,237.36 over tho amount ex- i pended for this purpose In -the pre* ceding Q?CCll year. Large as this ex penditure has been the beneficent re- i suits attained' in extending tho freo distribution of mails to the residents of rural districts hnvo Justified tho wisdom of the outlay. Statistics brought down to tho 1st of October, 1904, show that on that date there were 27,1T8 rural routes established, serving approximately 12,000,000 of people In rural districts remote from posto/llces, and that there wore pend ing ai ihai iiinu 3,353 potttlcns f^r the establishment of new rural routes. Unquestionably some part of the gen eral increase in receipts is due to the increased postal facilities which the rural service has afforded. The reve nues have also been aided greatly by amendments In the classification of mail matter, and the curtailment of abuses of the second-class mailing privilege. The average . Increaee in tho vclume of mail nVfttter for tho period beginning with 1902 and end ing June, 1905 (that portion for 1905 j being estimated), is 10.17 per cent. I as compared with 25.46 per cent for tho period immediately preceding, and 15.92 for tho four-year period im mediately preceding thai. EXTRAVAGANCE IN PRINTING. I call your attention to the great extravagance in printing and binding Government publications, and especi ally to tho facf^hat altogether too many of these publications are print ed. Thero is a constant tendency to Increase their number and their vol ume. It. is an understatement to nay that no appreciable harm would l><* caused by, and substantial benefit would accurc from, dwreasing the amount of printing now done by at least one-half. Probably tho grout majority of the Government reports and the like now printed are never read at all, and furthermore the print in?: of much of tho material contained in mahy of tho remaining ones serves no useful purpose whatever. CURRENCY. The attention of Congress should bo uspeaiaJLy given, to the currency ques tion, and that the standing committees on tho matter in the two Houses charged with the duty, take up the matter of our currency and see wheth er it. Is not possible to secure an agreement in tb<j business world for bettering the system; the committees should consider tho question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the problem of securing in our currency such elasticity as is consistent with safety. Every silver dollar should be made by law redeemable In gold at the option of tho holder. MERCHANT MARINE. I especially commend to youp at tention the encouragement of our chant marine by appropriate legisla tion. K ORIENTAL MARKETS. ? The growing Importance of the Ori ent as a field for American exports drew from my predecessor, President McKInley, an urgent^ request for lia.. sroclal consideration by tho Con fess. In hts meesaga of 1898 he slated: H' "In this relation, as showing the peculiar volume and value of our trade with China and the peculiarly favora ble conditions which exist for their expansion in the normal cojxrso of trade, I refe rto the communication addressed to tho Speaker of tho House of Hepresefl tat Ives by rhe Sec retary of the Treasury oji tho 14th of last Juuo, with BP-nmpunvinp letter of the Secretary of State, recommend ing an appropriation for a commission to study the industrial and ^commer cial conditions in tJie Chineso Empire, and to report as fc the opportunities tor and the obstacles to tho enlarge ment of markets iti China for tho raw products and manufactures of \,the United States. Action was not taken thereon during the last session. I cordially urge that the recommenda tion receive at your hands the con sideration which Its Importance and timeliness merit." PROTECTION OF ELECTIONS. Tho power of the government to protect tho Integrity of tho election# of its own officials Is Inherent and has been rccognlzcd and affirmed by re peated declarations of die Supremo Court. There is no c-nemy of fr^e government moro dangerous and none so insidious as tho corruption of the electorate. No ono defends or excuses corruption, and it would seem to fol low that ncr.o would oppose vigorous measures to eradicate It. I recom mend the enactment of a law directed against bribery and corruption In Fed* | oral elections. The details of such a law may be snfely left to the wise | discretion of tho Congress, but It j should go as far as under the Ccn stltutlon it la possible to go, and should Includo severe penalties 1 against him who gives or receives a bribe intended to influence his act or opinion as an elector; an4, tfrpvls sions for the publication not only of tho expenditures for nominations and elections of all c&ndldatca* but Also of all contributions received and expen ditures made by political committees. ALASKA. The mc-ragc makes a number of But gcstlops on Alaska, the troat , rnent of the natives and other matters nffectlng the welfare of the territory. It is also recommended that Alaska : l?o given a delegate in Congress. | THE INDIANS. ! It Is recommended that better treat - ! n:ent be accorded theso wards of the | nation, and that every encouragement i .possible extended to tK^ome mora Industrious and self-supporting. CONSULAR SERVICE. It la recommended, that the consuTar ?enflre he rataea to mm u\%u<mi <?*??? Wteiency by selecting men whe with Had* ? eondlflola |tr something of lb* itrv to wfcicb CITY OF WASHINGTON. The Pre?ldont recommends that iho city bo thoroughly cleaned up. so that ' It bo mado tn tart a perfect Amor loan city, (roe from contagious and evil Influence*. THE ARMY. 1 Within the last three years the j United States lus set un- example mi ? disarmament where disarmament wk# proper. Hy law our Army Is tlxkvl at a maximum or one hundred thousand , r.nd n minimum of sixty thousand men. t When there was insurrection In the Philippines we kept the urmy at the mnyimum. Peace came in tin* Philip- j pines, and now our Army has been re duced to the minimum at which it is ! possible to keep it wiiji due regard to its efficiency, The gutis now mounted j require twenty-eight thousand men, if the coast fortifications are to ho ado- J Ouatcly manned. Relatively to tbn Nation, It is not now so largo as /the police force of New York or Chicago relatively to the population of either j cloy. We need more officers; tnore are i not enough to perform the regular nrmy work. II Is very important that the officers of the Army should bo ac customed to handle their men In masses. i' Is also impoAant that the National timid of the several States should be accustomed lo actual Held maneuvering, especially in connection /ivith the regulars. Fox this reason we are to be congratulated upon the suc cess of the lie lil maneuvers at .Manas sas last fall, maneuvers/ In which a larger number of Regulars and Na tional (iuard took part than was over beforo assembled together in time of peace. No other clvlli/.p(J? nation has, relatively to its population, such a diminutive Army as ours; and while the army Is so small we .are not to he excused if we fail to kf,ep it at o very high grade of piofldency. It must be Incessantly practiced; the standard for j the enlisted men should be kept very high. while at the mine time the s"r vlce should lie made as attractive as possible; and the Ftanilard for the nffi- | com" should bo kept even higher? 1 which as towards the Upper ranks, can best be done by Introducing sotno : system of selection and rejection into llie promotions. We sjinli he irble, in the event of some sudden emergency, t ? put Into the field one first-class army cor pi}, which should be, as a whole., at Jons; the CQUfll of any hotly of troons *of like number belonging to any other nation. Oreat progress has been made In protecting our coasts by adequate fortifications with sufficient guns. Wo f.hould, however, pay much more hoed., than at present to th? development of. an extensivc^system of lloatiug mines for useiji rill our more important har bors.. 'Yfn^e mines have booh proved to bo u most formidable safeguard against hostile fleets. THE NAVY. The strong arm of the Government in enforcing respect ror its just rights in International matters is the Navy of the United States. 1 most earnest ly recommend that there be no halt in the work of upbuildjng the American "Navy. There is no^nioro patriotic duty before us as a people than to keep the Navy adequate to the needs of this country's position. We have undertak en to build the Isthmian Canal. Wo havo? undertaken to secure for our selves our Just share In the trajle of 'the Orient. Wo have undertaken to protect our citizens from improper treatment In foreign lands. We con tinue steadily to Insist on the applica tion of the Monroe Doctrine to tho Western Hemisphere. Unless our atti tude in these and all similar matters is to be a mere boastful sham we can not afford to abandon our, naval pro gramme. Our voice is now potent for peace, and It is so poient because we are not nfrittd of war. Out our protes tations up?% behalf or peace would neither recclve. nor deserve tho slight est attention If we were impotent to make them good. HO WAN AND PORTO RICO. The Alaskan natives should be given the right to acquire, hold, and dis pose of property upon tho same coudl- I tlons as- given other inhabitants; and the privilege of citizenship should be given to such as may be nble to incet certain definite requirements. In Hawaii Congress should give tho gov ernor power to remove all the officials appointed under him. The harbor of Honolulu should be dredged. The Ma rine Hospital Service should be em powered to study leprosy in the Islands. I ask special consideration for the re port and recommendations of the gov ernor of I'orto Rico. THE PHILI PPINES. In the Philippine Islands there has been during t he past year a continua tion of the steady progress which has obtained ever- since our troopo definite ly got tho upper hand of. I lie Insurgents. The Philippine people, or, to speak more accurately, the many tribe*, and oven races, sundered from one another more or less sharply, who go to make up people of the Philippine Islands, contain many elements of good, and some elements which we have a right to hope stand for progress. At present they are utterly incapable of existing In independence at all or of building up a civilization of their own.-' I firmly believe that, we can help them to rise higher and higher in the scale of civlli zation and of capacity for self-govern ment. and I mofit earnestly hope that In the, end they will be able to stand, If not entirely alone, yet in some" such relation to the United States as Cuba now stands. This end Is not yet In Bight, and It may W indefinitely pott^ ppned if our people are foolish enough to turn the attention of the Filipinos away from fhe problem of achieving moral and material prosperity, or work Jng for a stable, orderly, and Juat gov eminent, and toward foollsb and dan* gerons intrigue* for a' complete inde pendence for which they are as yet Every measure taken concerning the island* shottW-be taken primarily a view to theirSidvnntage. We *h?nM cretainly give them lower tariff rate* on their exports to life United States; it IWajtUOt d' to extend our. | carncstl] rasqp mr immediate en legislation American ?e w> plan Ill KEIin lit diss ? ? # But Little Was Done On the Opening I Pay fxupt lu Mcel and Adjourn USUAL I 0 <A\ALI I U S OBSLRVLD The Seriate in Session Only 13 Min ute* and the Hoi?6e 53 Minutes ? Greetings Between Members, the Great Floral Display and Numbers of Beautifully Gowned Women ^,,-Among the Visitors Made a Fami liar but Always Interesting Scene?, Resolutions of Respect For Deceas ed Senators. Washington. Special. ? With the Senate in session 12 minutes and the House r.:{ Minutes, (iie Inst session of the r.siii Congress was assembled to da> . The time of both bodies was devoted entirely to the usual formal ities attended by scenes, familiar, but always interesting. There were the greetings between members, the great display and the hundreds ?f \ ij? I toi h, with beautifully gowned wo men predominating. Corrldojy, com mittee rooms and clonk rooms wero thronged. The bustle extended even to the floors of the chambers, although problems await. ed sol y i ion. a..?.!UV/aV.V.18 ?r F?'y?. Presi dent Pro i em of the Senate and Mealier Cannon of the House, fell l?r? verw The Oppufng '?}> were made by?the chaplains, Rev l-.d ward lOverett Male, I), d n ho Senate, and Rev. If. n. Counden! m the House. ,s, ' J"!lnh lho SuuaL<-' House the on n i.Werc> n?,P?|nt?d to wait ?w? resldent nn'? '"form him that ( ongioss was ready to recelvo anv communication ho had to send. Iteso utions of respect to the memory of the lat- Senators Hoar, of Massa SSlS ? an<l Quay' of Pennsylvania, th adopted by both houses, nnd he adjournments further tit bntcs to their memory. The only business outside of the usual ilrst-day ml n ?? WUm <h,e, ad?i,n?" ""or a rcso lution In the llouso extending until 27 t6' ly?r?. lUo time In which the merchant marine commission may "inke its report. y Washington. Speclnl-Thc Senate con vened promptly at. noon Monday. The first Senator In his seat was Piatt, of New York. Long before 12 o'clock the galleries were filled, but the buzz of conversation ceased abruptly when Rev i,(wTem Frye8 Kftvel feR lnm' X Everett Halo. D. D.. chap ! ? the "Senate, offered prayer which was listened to by nearly every f*n*t0[- Two aeata had been vacated Jj> death, those of Senators Hoar, of Massachusetts, pnd Quay, of Pennayl vania. Their successors, Senators-elect Crane, of Massachusetts, and Knox. of Pennsylvania, attended the session. The floral decorations were equal to those of any session In the history of tne Senate. Many desks were over flowing with the offerings, and the Senate force was occupied from 11 unttl 12 o clock in arranging them so Sena-" tors could tako their scats. The largest single tribute was placcd on tho desk of Senator Tillman, of South Carolina, it was a huge basket of American Beauty roses and chrysanthemums. Tho largest collection of flowers was that sent to Senator Drytlen, of New~ Jersey. When Senator Fairbanks, ^the Vic# ' President-elect, entered tho chamber was greeted warmly by many of his colleagues. The visitors applauded his entrance with cheers and handclap pl"K. Senator Allison made the usual for mal motion thnt n committee be named to inform the President that the 8enate was ready to receive any message he had to communicate. President Pro Tern Krye appointed Messrs. Allison and Cockrell for this duty. The death or the late Senator Quay was announced by Mr. Penrose, and Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts, announc ed the death of his late colleague. Mr. Hoar. 'I he Senate then adjourned. Schooner and Crew Lost. New York, Special. ? A report from Rockland. Maine, tbat the four-masted schooner Qulnebaugh. from Savannah for New York, has probably been lost at sea with all on board Is continued. The Quinebaugh left Savannah early In November wjth a cargo of tiling, and nothing has been heard of her since. Delay of Bond Sal* Asked. * Washington, Special. ? Attorney Gen eral Qliroer, of North Carolina, filed a motion In (ho Supreme COyrt of the United States ki the case of South Da kota vs. the state of North Carolina Involving bonds of tho North Carolina Railroad Company held by the former State and -or the payment of which the latter 8tate was TfelcTTo T>? r us pun slble. providing for a postposneroent of tho sain of the bond* in question from January 1 to April 1, ? if*. - Glt^ mer stated the object of bis motion to heto afford opffcrtunilv to the North Carolina Legislature to take *cttoa for tho payment of the claim If so di? po&ed. The court took the der advisement, / Letter* Washington. Special. ? The Boone teUore, which were Introduced . by the Rweync end nxr>t?Hoti?tr ilteepfueifll. hevn been wo>n*ed dlcienr committee, thtttigi l|ML Ml. Occurrences of Interest In Varieut Parte of the State. General Cotton Market. Ualvcston, quiet ......... 8 9-16 Now Orleans, easy-f ?. 8 1-iJ Mobile, quirt. 9 6-16 Savannah, steady 8 3-S Charleston, steady 8 1?4 Haltimoro, nominal 9-7-8 New York, quiet 9.00 Boston, quiet Philadelphia, steady . 9. .26 Charlotte Cotton Market. (lood Middling ................ 8 1*2 Strict Middling . .} 8 8-8 Middling 8 ML. Tinges and Btalffls ..... 7 7-8 to 8 1-4 Weak. A Niw (UttU DiiUU. Within the la&t month Dr. Louie A. Klein of Clemson, the state veterin arlan, has received letters from a num ber of farmers concerning a disease, unfumlllar to them, which was causing the death of their calves and yearling^ cattle. This disease was manifested by the following symptoms: Gradual loss of condition and strength, with the animals feeding well; a soft, sacY-UkA swelling under the jaw, which was not hot or ?endor; scouib; sometimes a wa tery discharge from the eyes. The' ani mals usually lived one to three months after being attacked. Only young cat tle wero affected, oven where the old cattle used the same pas tyre and barn. Of the ca9fl? reported only three re covered. On one farm the young cattle ' had beon carried off In this way fbf 'three years. Investigation ofthe dis ease has not been completed, but on several fa hub visited It was foun?)Hhnt the trouble was caused by small one-half of an irteh long and about as j thick as a hair. In fact, at first sight,--' they had- the apponrance of shortwbito hairs, but on closer examlhatr<m~ larger worms show a red stripe^ In* through the body like a corkscrew, _ the red stripe on the white background, presenting the appearance- -of- a., har- . ber's pole. These worms, ' which, atw known as the twisted wife worn), were found by thousands fn the fourth atom* nch of the affected animal examined, -r tying in tho mucous of the stomaoh wall and scattered through the con? tents of that organ. Tbey Uve on th* - blood and body juices of the animal they inhabit, thus depriving the animal fcf the nourishment It sh<rt?& dort"* from Its food. . vj?--'.: r hs JFarme re' UWtf fir Andorson, Special. -Acountry orj*B Isation of ^ the Farmers' Edi Co-operatlve-4xnionS^aftforttWt city last week. . Hon^i E . mor '(date senator from tbla coufttf. : . . -Am- -- - ' ? - ' - was elected preflid?nt: The"WO*f organizing subordinate lodges bat going on for dome time, a starts off with a good en? members. It Is probable w farmers' organisation that has in Anderson county fpr some tb? w? be merged Into the Union, whlcb '?%$? .now been established In all tbS eettO# States. ^ eout^CaroUMlW. A special from Orangeburg" After a harmonious btft Uraiy interesting session the convent teh United Daughters of the Coal acy adjourned sine die t& meat year at Johnston, The day was largely to a const deration ?f (fie or the historical committee tr_- -W-, VVMIU??W1 ^lerwnrds resolved itself tot berience meeting and Intercuaagp OS of views on Jtfatters pertaining to the good of the order. The election of officers for the following year res as follows: President, Mrs. Hi Shannon Burnet, Camden; First president, Mrs. James Conner, cfci ton; second vice-president, Ml*. lye Vandlver, Anderson; thin president, Mrs .-Mortimer^' Orangeburg; fourth vlce-pn Mrs. R. D. Wright, No-wherry; Ing secretary, Mrs. August IT lumhla; corresponding seereC B. G. Clifford. Union; tressnrp> Mary McMlchael. Orangeburg", a Mrs. C. C. Feathersthone, Laure?. A stock company Is being orgMl**.; at Conway to start a It U thought that a large plant artttfct established for- this purpose. . ; Seven Scotch emigrants at Sumter 1 *e% week, aad were lipmedli ately given employment. The " Baptist State convention ad journed us MMtosr at Chester Urn* wetg after it moat profitable aid !?** esting meeting. It will meet la Wa next year. >?H?oaih*-oW danfhtf o t Charlio Hoboon. wbo Utm from Pickens, *M burned to daitk * Thuradajl aoralnf. Tb* fntbee .*?? bndlf*t*?ned to atUw "" family picking cotton caulht from & In t&e field. the l?