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VOLUME. VII. r [t-i'VJ'ljj k Gold Notes MusV.Bo Retired and Our Financial System Reformed, ? ENDORSES THE WILSON TARIFF I I.: ? , . ' . liccommoiKls Tlmt Tills Country Mulntntu Its Present Attitude To ward Cuba? Tho. I'enalon Ust Must ^ Ho ft JJR0I] of l(<Hior"??Thls Can* ftrcsH Should Inaugurate it System of Retrenchment it lid Kronomy. - ' Last Monday tho Fifty-fifth Con gress re-convened, and President Cleveland's lust Messago to that body wos read, and below can bo found tJio most iuvportarit'pnrta of the same: 'To.tTiC Conf/rcaa of (he.. United States: -- .A* l]c,pt'eBentativo3 of tlio pooplo in i tho legislative brunch of . thoir Gov :;V . or mi) out you havo risBomblod at a timo ^rxr.-when $ho strength and oxoollonoo of our froo institutions and tho litnosa of oiti^ons to enjoy popular rule havo -;^beon again mado manifest. A politi r oal contest involving momentous con sequences, fraught with feverish ap -!1L7 prehension, nnfl, creating aggressive V ue.ss so intense as to approach bitler V"~" ftcss and paFBion has been waged throughout our land, and dotormiued ^ by tho^lecroo of freo and iiulopcndout Hiiffrwgo without disturbance of our tranquillity or the least sign of weak wosfl in our national structure. "When wot consider theso incidents nnd contemplate tlio peaceful obedi :r; fuce and manly submission which havo succeeded a heated clash of political , opinions wo discover abundant ovi 7 .. -donco of a determination on tho part iv 91 our countrymen to abido by every vordiot of the popular will, -and to bo controlled at all times by an abiding fnith in tho agencies established for ^:; ^;the direction of the affairs of their government. TJiua our peoplo exhibit a patriotic Wz'Jl. disposition which entitles them to do maud of thoso who un^.Qrtako to make p3.| ottd exeeuto their luttfs such faithful nnd unselfish service in their bel? If as ? can oriiy bo prompted by a 6erious ap preciation of tho trust and confidence ?_ Which tho aceeptaneo of public duty invites. In obodionco to a conttitutional re quirement, I herein submit to the con gress certain information concerning national affairs, with tho suggestion of I such legislation as in my judgement is Dece nary and expedient. 1 I do not beli.evo thafc. tho proBcnt somber prospect in Turkey will Oo .7" '?& permitted to oftVnd tho sight of ehriS^ilta^^^^i^arj tho humane ? and enlightened civilization that bc ^ longs to tho closo of tho nineteenth \^yV century that it seems hardly posable J that tfio earnest demand of good peoplo throughout tho Christian world for its corrective treatment^ will re ? - main unanswered. TUB SITUATION IN CUBA. The insurrection iu Cuba still con tinues with nil it# porploxitics. It in difllcult to perceive that any progress ;;; has thus fur been made toward*! the pa cification of tho Island; or that tho sit uation of aQairs as depicted iu my last annual messagp has in tho least im proved. II Spain Btill holds Havana and tho seaports and all tho consider able towns, tho Insurgents still roam at will-over at least two-thirds of tho Island country. If the determination of Spain to put down tho insurrection seems bftt to slrongthon with tho lapse of timo and is evidenced by her unhes itating devotion of largely increased military and r.'aval forces to tho task, thero is much reason to bolievo that tho.Insurgents^havo gained iu point ol numbers, and character. The spectacle of tho utter ruin of an adjoining country, by nature 0110 of tho most fertile and charming on thb globe, would engage the sorious atten tion of tho government and peoplo of iho United States in any circumstanccs, in poiut of fact they havo a concorn with ii which is by no means of ft whol ly sontimontul character. - It is reasonably estimated that at loast from $30,000,000 to $50,000,000 of Amoriean capital aro investod in potations, and iu railroad, mining, n.qd othor business enterprises on tho Island. The volunto of trado between tho United States and Cuba, which in 1889 amounted to about $<>1,000,000, rofio in 1898 to. about $103,000,000, and in 1891, tho year beforo tho pros ?^ont insurrection broke out, amounted to nearly $9-1,000, 000. .Tho messago treats length of thecort ? ditions of Cuba, tho acts of Cuban pympathizors in this country and the " Rttitndo-of Spain. ; It would socm that if Spain should offer to Cuba genuino Autonomy ? a (?? measuro of home rule which, whilo preserving the sovereignty of Spain, would satisfy all rightfnl require ments of her Spanisli subjecia? tliero ? ebon Id bo no just reason why the paci fications of the Island might <#ot bo ef fected on that btpMC Such %^sult wopld #ppear to Ho iu the true iotered^J of all concerned. It was intimated .. by the government to tUfaffOTernimeot -- f*1 pgn that if a ^?iMfaptory mranu'e ; home wenN^ndered tho Cuban insurgents, FoWinM acicepted by them upon . A?tt*rante^&*#itaa*coutioo, the United ?Biatca Wo n Id Endeavor to. flnd w way moi objectionable tu^Spain of fvnialf tjj 4*floiU -**,] ^IjjitoW to ihia ittUmiltioti has yet been ~ from iboBpftftfafe *&??? m m .ard considering that by tho coursoof oventa wo may bo drawn into such au uuub unl and unprecedented condition,- an will Ox a limit to our patient waiting for Spain to end tho contest either alone and in lUr own way, or with our friendly 4<kpji^rntion. \\'hon tho ina bility of Spain to deal fcuccessfully with tho insurrection has become manifest, and it ia demonstrated that her sovoreiegty is oxtinet in Cuba for all purposea of ita rightful existence, and whon a hopeless atrugglo for ita ro-eptabliahmeut has degenerated into a strife which means nothing moro than tho usoless aaorifico of hniuan lifo And tho uttov destruction of the very subject mattor of tho conflict, a sitmv tion will bo proaented in whioli our ob ligations to tho sovereignty of Spain will bo fluperoedod by higher obliga tions, which wo can hardly hesitate to roeogni/.o and discharge. Until wo faoo tho eontingon?oa suggested, or tho situation ia.by othor incidents ^impressively changed, wo should continue in tho lino of conduct horetoforo pursued, thus in all oirouin* stances exhibiting our obedienco to tho requirements of pubho law and our rogard for tlio duty onjoined upon us by tho position wo occupy in tho fam ily of nations. VlSNKZUKLAN CONTKOVKR8Y. Tho Venozuelan controversy is briefly roviowod, and a treaty of gen eral arbitration recommended. lMMIUIlATION. \ Tho number of immigrant^ arriving in tlio United States during tho fiscal year was 313,207 of whom fllO, 408 woro permitted to land and 2,799 wero dobarrcd on various grounds pio scribcd by law and returned to tho countries whonco I hoy caino. 'I'll It rOSTATi >>KRVI('E. Our postofHoo depnrtmout is in good condition, and tho exhibit mado of its operatiuna during tho fiscal year ended ?7uno 30, 1890, if allowance i? inado for impcrfcotionH in tho laws applicable to it, is very satisfactory. Tho total re ceipts during tho year wero $82, 199, .?08, '10. Tho tatal expenditures woro 000,020,200.8-1, exclusive of $1,559, 800.27, which was t arned by the Pa cilio railroad for transportation and credited on their debt to tho govern ment. There was an inereaso of re ceipts over tho previous year of $5, - 510,080.21, or 7.1 per cent, and an in crease of expenditures of $3,830,12-1. Tho dofiicit was $T, 079, 950. 19 less than that of the preceding yenr. Tho de ficit' for tho last year, although much less than that of tho previous year, emphasizes tho necessity for legisla iion to correct the growing abueo of second class ratos, to which tho do fioionoy is mainly attributed. Tho trans mission at the rato of ono cent auonud of serial libraries, advertising f-neots, "house organs," wimple copied and tho like ojight certainly to bq discontinued. A glauce at tho revenues received for tho work dono last year will show more plainly than any other statement, the gross abuso of tho postnl servico and (ho growiug wasto of its earn nigs. Tlic froo matter carried in tho mails for the departmoutH,. cVjcch, etc., of tbo government, aucT for Congress, iu pound b to O-ijiSO/ifli). It thus appears that though tho sec ond class matter constituted more than two-thirds of tho total that wan carried, tho revenue dorived from it was lees than one-thirtieth of tho total espouse. Tho avorago rovenuo from each potind of first-class matter wass 93 cents, from each pound of sccond clnss 8 1-2 mills. I recoil. mend that legislation bo at onco ouacted to eorrcct ' theso abuses and introduco better business ideas in tho regulation of our postal rates. | Exporionco and observation havo demonstrated that certain improve ments in tho organization of tho post onico department must bo secured bo foro %vo can gain tlio full boncllt of tho immense sums Axpoudcd in its admin istration. - Thijb involves tho following roforms which I earnestly rccommond: Thero should bo a small addition to tho existing inspector servico to bo em ployed in tho supervision of tho carrier force which now 'numbers 1,300 mon and" performs its servico practically without tho survcillanco exercised over a11 other hmueheaof the postal or publio scrvico. Of course such a lack of 'snpor\ision nnd freedom from wholesome. disciplinary restraints must inovitably lead to tho Imperfect ser vice. Thuio should a!co be appointed a few inspectors who should assist tho central offics leases, post ofllco sites, allowances for rent, fuel and lights and in organizing and securing tho beat rev'j suits from tho work of tho 1,-tOO clerks now employed in llrst and second-closs offices. I especially rocommend such a re casting of tho appropriations by Con gress, for tho postoflico department as will permit tho Postmaster Ocnoral to proceed with the woTk-eX consolidating {joet offices. This work" has already >ecn entpred upon sufficiently to fully demonstrate by experiment and expe rience, that such consolidation is pro ductive of better servico, larger reve nues and less expenditures to say noth ing of the farther advantage, of gradu ally withdrswingpost offices from the spoils system. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. K Progress ip eivil servico - reform is sod it i*. stated that more than tU, 000 places are now inolnded in HU ^Iuti^ews of IhoJfcCt, nj] that prop ' erly cotne ?nd?r - the civil service ex h class postmasterships. The M? the -test named elass is ?Sfcde& ? - - -- - Til* WJXSCrN TABirr JULU He refers to the Wilson Tariff bill, snd #sjs: "Whatevsr may be lU as* complete measure it asost be conceded o f commodities m ??4 <*htt eonntfles, aad law tins boon in fore* outlet! ou the 80th day of Juno 1890. In that year our imports inoroaHed over those of tbo previous year moic than 80,000, 000, whilo tho value of tho .'ofnehtio products wo exported and which found markets was nearly $70,000,000 more than during tho prooootling year. Our tariff laws aro only primarily juatillod as soureos of rovenuo to ouablo. the government to meet tho necessary ox ponsoa of its maintaiunuoe. Considered as to tho KuOleioney in this aapott tho presont law can by no means fall uutler just condemnation. During tho only eompieto iisoal year of its operation it hn? yielded nearly $8,000,000 moro revenuo than wan ro eoivetl from tariff dutios on tho pro ceeding year. TUB DEI ICIT IN TUK TUKASCUV. Thoro was, nevertheless, a dellolt l>otwoon our receipts and expenditures of a lltilo mora than *25 ,000,000. This, however, w?s not unoxpootod. Tho situation was such in December Inst, sovon months bofoio tho oloso of tho flxoaf year, that thoSeorotary of tho Tronsury fore tolil a deficiency of t!7,000,000. Tho' great and Increasing apprehension and timidity in business oircles and tho depression in all ac tivities Intervening since that tlrao resulting from causes perfectly well understood, en tirely disconnected wita our tariff law or ils operations, seriously cheuked the imports wo would havo othorwlso received, and ro&tlily account for tho difference betwoon tho esti mate of tho Secretary and the actual deficien cy, a 3 well no for a continued dellolt, indeed, it must bo confessed that wo could hardly havo had a more unfavorable period than tho last two yours r?r the collection of tariff reve nues. Wo ennnot reasonably hope thai our reeuporatlo n from this business depression will io sudden, but It has already set in with a promise of acooterity and continuance, KNDORSKS I'RRHKNT TAHIVI' I.AW. I boliovoour present tariff law if allowed a fair opportunity will in tho near future yield a revenuo which with reasonable economical expenditures will overcome all deficiencies. In tho moantimo no deficit that has occurred or may occur need oxclto or disturb us. To meet any such deficit wo have In the Treasury ( In addition a gold reservo of over one linn-/ drcd millions, a surplus of moro than one] hundred and twonty-ujght millions of dollars applicable to tho payment of the expenses of tho government and which must, unless ex- j ponded for that purpose, reinnl a useless hoard, or if not extravagantly wasted, must In any ovont bo perverted from the purposo of its exaction from our people. I .suppose it will not bo denied that under tho present law our people obtain the necessaries of a comfortable existence at a cheaper rate than formerly. This is a matter of supremo im portance. KKKOIIM OK Tn F. CUnnENCT WANTKO. This rcferenco to tho condition and pros poets of our revenues naturally suggests an allusion to tho weakness nnd viccs of our financial methods. They havo been frequent ly pressed upon the attention of Congress in previous executive commtinicatlons and the Inevitable danger of their continued tolera tion pointed out. Without now repeating these deteils I cannot refrain from again earnestly presenting tho necessity of the prompt reform of a system opposod to every rule oi sound nuance and shown by exper ience to bo fraught with tho gvos.1. peril and porplexlty. Tho terri ble civil war which shook Uio founda tions of our government moro than thirty years .1,70 brought in its train destruction of property, tho Wasting of our country's sub stanco and tho estrangement of brethren. These are now past and forgotten, even the distressing Jofs of lifo tho conflict entailed Is but a Facrod memory, which fosters patriotic sentiment and keeps alive a tedder regard for thoso who nobly died, and yet thorn re mains with us today, in full strength and ac tivity as an Incident of that trcmoLdous strugKlo a fonturo of Its financial neewslticK not only unsultcd to our present circum stances but manifest a disturbing mcnace to business f ocurity nnd an over present source of monetary distress. WITIIORA WAIj OK OOLU NOTES ANO OHKKN BA(JK8. Because wo may bo enjoying a temporary relief from its depressing i'jOiKfnco this should not lull us Into n false security nor lead us to forget tho suddenness of past visi- j tat ton?. 1 nin moro convinced than over that wo onn liavo no assured Una tidal peace and eafc ty until tlio government curroney obligations upon which K?hl may bo demanded from tho treasury are withdrawn from circulation and cancelled. This might l?> done, as has been borctofoto rocoinmended, by their exchange for long tonn bonds bearing a low rale of lntorest or by their redemption with the pro ceeds of such bondn. Kvon if only the United Slates notes known as greenbacks were thus relired, it is proba ble thut the treasury notes issued in payment of silver purchases under the act of July" I, 18U0, now |>aid in gold when demanded, would uot crcnto much disturbance, as they might, from tlmo to time, when received in the Treasury by redemption in gold or other wise, be gradually anu prudently replaced by sifvor coin. This plan of issuing bonds for tho purpose of redumption cortaluly appears to be tho most effective and direct path to tho noeded ?reform. In defaultof this, however, It would bo n step in tho right direction if currency obligations redeemable in gold whenever so rodcemcd, should be cnnceliod instead of be ing rol sued. This operation would bo a slow remedy, but it would bo imptovo pros sent condltlouH. National banks should rodoem wjolif Own notes. Thoy should bo al'owod to issuo cir culation to par value of bonds deposited, nt security for its redemption and tho tax on their circulation should be reduccd to ono fourth of ono per cent. In considering pro juuia for the ?yt!rehjont of (Jolted Rtntcunnlm And transit r/ notea* issued under the law of 1800, I am of tho opinion thntall have i laced loo much stress upon tho danger of 'con tracting tho currency nnd have calculated too little upon tho gold that would bo nddod to our circulation if invited to us by better and ?nfer financial methods. It Is not so much a contraction of our currency that should bo avoided as Is unequal distribution. This might bo obviated, and <t*??fear of harmful contraction at tho samO, Amoved, by al lowing tho organir^tloj^;-'"'?' .allcr banks and .in leys populot^comnftni&ios than aro now Sermittcd, arm also authorizing existing nntefl-to- nstnbllsb branches in-small com munities under proper restrictions. Tho cntiro caso may bo presented by the Atatoment that tho day of sensible and aound methods will not dawn urion us untll.our government abandons tho banking bu^in&s* nnd tho accumulation of funds, nnd confine* Its monetary operations to the receipt of the money contributed by tho people, for Its sup port, and to tho expenditure of such money for Ui? poopla'i benoflU Our buslneee .Interests and all goed citi zens ling for rest from tho feverish agitation and the inauguration by tho government of a reformed financial policy -which wilt en courage enterprise and jnako certain the re wards of labor at?d Indtufrf. Another topic in which the people rightfully take * deep t Intrrat mny.i?e..jtwtc X refer to the exUteooe of trusts and other huge aggregations of capital, the object of Which M toeeeure the monopoly of soma, particular branch or (riM/IjldMtry or copm, Tperoeaad to stifle wholesome competition. When these are defended Hia oaualiy on tho ground .that Utongfc they increase profit* they also reduce price* and thus may benefit the public. fi*?teai ber, however, that i redaction of ptfoaato the people le not one of the real ob Jeets of the** organfeatioos nor is their ten dency neeeaeaiHy in I>mU Clf*U4m tfM oo- j enre in a particular ease. It ft only becftuae h accord# with the pnrpoee or later#* of ! fknal MAAAffifl# ? Ko ifhrgir dependence ami to Mit .lor or pievcut tti?> free uso of human faculties and tho full ?l*?\ <l? p ment of human character. Through them ilio (armor, the ?u|mq ond t n<> nnudl trader la in danger of dlslogmont from tho proud position of being Ids own master, watchful of nil that touches his country's prosperity, in which ho lift* h it Individual lot aiul interested in all that off-sots tho advantages of business of which hols a factor, to bo relegated jo tlio lovel of a mero appurtenance to n mn ohino, with iiUlo free will, with no duty but thnt of passive obedience ami with little hope or opportunity of 1'lfilOK in tho scale of ro* sponsible mm helpful citizenship. To tho instructive belief (but such as tho inevitable trend of trusts and monopolies is duo the widespread and dcop-gouted popular aversion in which they are held and tho not unreaso nldo iiinMtancrt that, whatever may be their incidental economical advantages, their gen eral u fleet upon personal character. pros nucts and usefulness* can not bo otherwise than injurious. Although i ongress has at tempted to deal with this matter by legisla tion, the laws paused for that pur pose thus far have proved in effective. not because of any lack of disposition or attempt to onforco them, but simply the law themselves as interpreted t y courts do not reach tho dlilloulty. If tho insufficient existing laws can bo remedied by further legislation it should bo done. Tho f ant must bo recognised, however, that all federal legislation on this subject may fall short ol its purpose bocauso of Inherent ob stacles and also because of tho complex char acter of our governmental system, which whilo milking tho federal authority supreme within il.H sphere has eaiofully limited that sphere to motes and bounds which cannot bo transgressed. Tho doeislou of our highest court on this precise question renders It quite doubtful whether tho evils of trust" and monopolies can U> adequately treated through ledoraM action, unless they seek di rectly find purposely ttS tittludo in their ob jects transportation or intorcourHO between tho United States an:l foreign countries. It doe? not follow, 'moreover, Ih^t this in tho limit of tho remedy that may tm jtpplied. Even though it may l>o found that federal authority Is not broad enough to fully ro/ioh tho case, there can bo no doubt of the power of the several Slates to act effectively in the premises, and there should be no reason to (lo'Abt their willingness to judiciously exer jdse Mich power. liieonoludinK this com i?| mimical ion, its last WwM-s t-hall bo an appeal tlo tho Congress for til o moot rigid economy In theexpenpituro of tho money it should Jiobl Intrust for tho paoplo, Tim way to perplexing extravagance is snsv, but a return to frugality is difficult, NYlion. however, it la understood ti nt thoso who bear tho burdens of taxation -have no ^ Kuarnnty of honest caro savo in tho fidelity of their public, servants, theduty of all possl blo retrenchment is plainly manifest.. .\\ hen our dlfforonceR are forgotten, and bur con tests of political opinion aro no longer re membered, nothing in tho retrospect of o?ir public, sorvico will be as fortunate mid com forting lis the locolloetioii of oflb'ial duty well performed and the memory of aeonslaut devotion to tho interests of cur confiding fellow-countrymen. (I JIOVKR Cl,r. VI'.I.ANO. Executive Mansion, Dec. 7. IHH KKICPINti Ol'"' lil^l/'OK. ?Judge TowiisoihI's Decision |{pfmp t lio Supreme Court on I li i s Ques tion. , In t )i o Supremo Court, at Columbia, there came rip n enso on appeal, tho circumstances of which nro unknown to tho people generally, and which in vol vch not only tho rights of tho citi zen, hut tho legality of tho Dispensary law itself. i From t|ie. facts submitted to tho Su prouio Court jt n i^peors that Anderson Christian, a whito mnu, wos arrested lost July, charged with storing nnd keeping liquors contrary to tho Dis pon?ary law. Tho ease canio up front Ocoueo county. Ou the fneo of the proceedings it appears tl.at Chilblain was* raided by constables and in his place of business thcro was found twoand a half gallons of corn liquor which waii nei/ad and coufiscatod. Chast.ain was brought up beforo tho court, Judgo Townsoud prs siding, for trial. The dofondant argued, through his attorneys, that it was no crimd for a man to have liquor in his possession in his own houso for personal use, and that tho State must show that ho kept it for tho unla\vJuJn*nirposo of bnrtcr or trado or sale. Judgo Townsond, in his chargo to tho jury, used tho following languago: "If ono koep liquors he must havo tho proper stamp on it* Tho question is, did ho huvo legally tho right to keep tho liquor without tho stam|/:y?^ If so, ho must show that ho bought it through tho regular channels, tho dispensary, or that ho obtained frf>m tho commis sioner tho proper st mjfp." Tho attorneys for chastain, Messrs.' James and Shelor, hold that the Judgo erred in making such a charge, bccausc t._ -J 1.1 I..../. f.l._ 1 1 1 4 41 _ nu DiiutiKi inn 4 i uu v miviu ? tin no crime in having liquor in ono's pos session for fine's own personal use, and that ono had aright to^'Acep it unless it could bo shown that ho kept it for niirnnnoH of violation of the law, which does not soem to have bcon proven. Tho decision of tho Supremo Court in this ease will bo awjuKft} with much in terest, for npawraS^RfyondB whether tho most law ajfejSSfir citizen can ko< \i liquors for hif*r?wn uso in his own houso under tho Dispensary law, or cvhethor ovcry man who does so is liablo to bo hauled up beforo a court. It has bocn learned that the gcntlo man in question was not, Is not nor. lover has bcon a dealer in "blind tiger iquor" and if '.hat is so tho. aontonco >f ono year on the chain gang should jo abrogated. ,1 ? | TO FIX UNIFORM WHEAT PRICES. NaM to Favor wn Iatcrnational (,'on ( , fennee to That Hnd< | A conrerooco of Nations on the subject of j tho world's wheat market In understood to bo desired by at leant ono of tho groat foreign wheat-growing empire. / | It tsstatod in official circles at Washington that Ro*afo Is particularly fr/ondly to such Wo Idee and js believed to bo making over tures oof only to the. United States but to Eoghnnlrifce-Argf atlaS :.Bapap!tg"?Bd Ant ralia, which are the principal wboAT-grow* toR Nations of the world. ( The idea Mggeetod, a* outllnad, fa that .these Nations, should they see flt to nnlte In jm agftemeot upon the subject, eoaM fle a prtee to r wheat to be maiatalaed uniformly jib rough varlooa veasoos ef overproduction and unsatisfactory crops eanead by drought fit eoatlaaal lata, mm4 thtts stake the prlaoi *el grata staple, apoa which yatlHoaa of eon >u*en depend for food, aioMM ae tjaehtage r?MgoU itself hAsberome, ^ : an aaate aTly large erop,^# si ore able I ir this fifty-foi'wtii < o\<;icknm, Work of tho NYnnte nnd House lliiof ly Told. TUK hi.nati: Monday. - The first day of tin* seoond *os filoa of tin* ftfty-fourth.i onKrow presented no remarkable f on t u ri'H. There wore VI Senators Id tlicir ijenis a ltd 18 absentees, The Pros^? dent's hdii mil iiHwiiif" was read. Tho Meua? tors puJtl o|os? attention to tho mea-sago, nod U seemed to K'ivo general satisfaction, Tito reading occupied one hour and tl ft y mnt ulea, Tho blind ohaplaln, 1 ?r. Milburn, In Ills opening prayer referred to tho recent election In theao words: "Wo offer hearty thanks that alter tin exciting canvas*, free from much of tho personal raneor, vitupora tlon nnd scandal mougorini; of earlier yvara, the land in quUd and ai rod, accepting tho ballot of I ho nation and returning to its wny.i of orderly living. Tho absentees wore Alii Hon, lllanoltard, Hrown, Hitler, Cattery, (leorgo Itnushurough, Hill, Irby, .tones, of Nioadn; l.htdsay, Mdtrido, Martin, Morgan, Stewart, Tollor, Warron and White. THE HOUSE. Moniuy. Tho llousodevoted tho first day of tho HOMSIon principally to hearing tho Pros ident's message, Mr. VV, 1). Stok<><?. re. elect ed from tho Seventh South Carolina district, was aworn In. The first of tho notu'ral ap propriation bills for tho coining fiscal your is for pensions. It was reported from tho appropriation ootninitloo and placed on tho calondar, A eortllloato of ltonlner'a ro-eloe tion fr^tu Louisiana was road. Two hnnorod and seventy-one member* answorod to tho roll call, Tito message was ordered printed. Mr. Turnor, Democrat, of ? J?*t? r^la, on being recognized .stated that it was his molnnoholy duty to 'iifurm Ho* Hottioof the death of Ids colleague, ox-Sponker Crlpp, who died at At lantii, (?a., on October l!3d. At it later day ho would ask that a day bo assigned for paying' proper respect to his distinguished career aiul eminent public service. lto ottered the folio witm resolution ; Uvsolved, That tho llouso litis heard with profound sorrow of tho dentil of Chits. K. Crisp, lnt< lb>pre?entii Hvo from the State of Georgia. Uosolvod. That as a mark of respoet to his memory ihn House do now adjourn. Tim ro.-i'jl'itlun was adopted. not Qrrrq icnoioh. ICtect ion Apprupidiit lou ."Must ItcAttg ineiit ed . Tlio laat Itegialaturo appropriated gift, 000 for tlio conduct of tho election and all but $(>1.80 of flint ban boon paid, leaving aoino countioa yet uu paid. Among these aro .Hnrnwell, wliero Federal inanagerH linvo not boon paid ; ('hosier, w hero tthito innnagori? aro mi una thoir salary; tlioRntno in tho case in Darlington and Krigufiolri; in Hit in tor Federal manngoi'H havo not been paid; in Fairfield neither tho Stato or FodoraJ manager" havo boon paid. Tho inanilgorR art* paid as they Rend in thoir hill*, on tlio principle, "firat eomo, tirat nerved," and those who haven't got their pay will havo to trust tiioir caaea to llio mercy of tho Legislature. Tho following aro tlio nutria expend - ed in eaoh county: Abbeville $-11 4 25 Aiker 506 15 Andersou 435 90 Rarnwell 272 55 Hoaufort (. 920 05 Berkeley , 424 55 Charleaton ' 859 50 Cheater .'J37 9(1 CluBterlield 51127 9(J Clarendon 099 05 Colleton 077 70 Darlington 134 70 Edgefield 105 25 Fairfield Floreuco . 514 !4 90 Georgetown JJ87 00 Crecnville 005 10 Hampton 3''0 45 Horry 404 08 Koraiinw 877 15 Lancaster f 291 90 Jjaurenu /. 457 85 Lexineton 40:3 50 Marion 475 80 Marlboro 209 25 Newberry 301 45 Oconee 507 25 Orangeburg 010 G5 PickcuH 233 90 Richland 302 20 Sparl an burg 1 149 95 Kuinter ; 201 70 Union 357 50 WillintnHburg 454 80 York 410 00 Saltfda 199 90 Total $14' 938 20 MONTH <>!?' l>!',OKSIiiK??. \ Olanco Over tlx? Koeords w Twfti ly- Klvo Vcara. The following data, covering a pe riod of '25 yonr*. compiled from tho weather bureau rocordH at Charleston, will bo of interest to those who make a epccialty of weather forecasts: Month of December for twonty-fivo years: Temperature- -Mean or normal tem perature, ft 2 degrees; tho warmest month was that of 1889, with an aver ago of CO degrees: tho coldest month was that of 1870, with an avcrago of i4 degrees. The highest temperature was 78 degrees on Dec. II, 1889; tho lowest torn per Atur/) was IJj degrees on l>oe. 80, 1888; averago dato on which "killing" frostoecurred in autumn, first Novembor 9; avcrago dato on whioh last^'killing" Jroet occurred in spring, March .1. Precipitation (rain and melted snow) ? Average for tho month, 3.24 inches. Averago number of days with .01 of au inch or more. 9, Tho grcatost monthly precipitation was 7.91 inches in 1887. Iho least monthly precipitation was 0.03 inches iy 1889. The greatest ?mount of- precipitation recorded in Wy 24 -eonaecntiro, hottr* was 8.46 inches on Dec. 9th and "lOlfc, T885f: tbO greatest amount of snowfftll re eorded -fo ?ny 24 consecotWe hours (record extending to winter of 1881-85 only) in 0.01 ioob on Dee. & 1880. Clouds and Weather? Average num ber of elear days, 13; partly cloudy leys, 10; cloudyda ye, 8. . Wi?d^Xb? prevailing winds bsye bee* from the northwest* loper cent. Tbefilgfaeet TSloeityof the wind was 50 mile* from tha ?oa ****** on Peeeabes BILL A HP'S LKTTKK. WIlil.iAV IllXVS TO KIND I. UNO ii(?nr i c i i- \ 1 inks. A 1 1 on v y Matt Atlont'i tlio I'IiIIoho ptior's Popularity. Now if there is any old soldier liv ing who was in tlm Indian war in Ore gon during tho venr* and INt>>, under command of Uenend Joe laiue, and know Captain llooigo \V, Hoy uoIiIh, in that service, It I him please write) to Ins widow, at Mais ilill, .Mad ison county, Noith Carolina. 'I ho poor woman in entitled to a pension for hor husbnnd'H service, if ?>1 n> can prove it. It iH a long ?? li < >? ? ( and n nar row chance, hnt maybe some comrade will boo thin. It would rejoice my hoart to see a little of Unit pouHion /fund coming down thin way, > I am not it bureau of information, lull reooivo manv letters of impiiry about niitobolliim days Un'd families ami events, ami am always pleased to answer them and give tho information if I can. Mnuy of tlmm aro from old Uoorgin Bohliorn who romoved west Boon after tho war, ami they or t hoi r widowB hnvo hoard tlmt (leorgin in paying nil hor invalid soldiers or their widowB a pension. IMobbo let mo Bay to nil oonoorned that there in no pro vinion for non-residents in our Btnto pension laws, This seems hard upon those who folt constrained t(? emigrate, but it is the law, and that settles it. Then there nro many lot torn from nged men who look back to old (teor* ghi with longing heartn and wish to t race up their kindred. It in a Bute nig 11 of gray hnirn when a man er wo man begins to hunt up their distant kindred or tho companions of their youth. Hero in a Mr. John A. Harris, of 1'nss Christian, Alhs., who wants to know about his father'a reht tiveB ? tho Harris family, of Appling and Mftoon ? and also about his moth er's kindred ? tho Blodsoi-s, of Athens nnd Augusta. And hero is Air. Kod wine, of lied wine, La., wl.o wanls jt>' know of h i h kin of that namO/ifi rToor gin. A law, my old venerable friends, Judge Chirk in dead and r;o is 0. O. .(Touch, tho only two men who knew all tho old families of Gcorgi i. I! would perplex even tlieni to identify any biniloh of tho Harris family, for their name is legion, but the Hledfloon and ltedwincs Could no doubt bo traced by aorno of tho octogenarians Mill living. '1'Iicbo aro very unm-unl names and their kinship is not bo remote. I was laminating about tho origin of names, Anglo-Saxon name-', and find it to bo a curious and interesting study. For iwi*nnc<\ in. jt possible that tho original Hledfloowas wounded in a 11 fc lit or by nccidcnt nnd hied eo mrirh that it gavn him a mime? Is it probublo f he Itedwiuo ancestor had a vinoynrd and inndowine of that color, er maybe did not. hnvo a vineyard, but was much given to looking upon tho wino when it. was rod? It Bocmn that tho oommon people didn't mud but ono nnmo Ifixi ( i 1 long after the Chris tian era. Tho Jbtuminp, however, bo gan a system to honor and distinguish distinguished people. They adopted j u pr,o-iH'inon ? a noinnii and a cogno men ? as Publius Cornelius Soipio Publius wan his Christian mime, as wo call it, -and no doubt tli^o boys called him l'ub. Cornelius, hia fumify name, nnd iScipio was his mo?t/iiolablo char acteristic, for ho was frond to his blind old fa! her and led him about with a st.'iff, ami JSeipio nurpn a tdidf. T have great rjfp'et for Wo'pio, Horace was called tfforatius Fine cub h? onnso ho had very ljirgo tarn, and KLieeus menus fl. jpenrod. It was not till t h ? eleventh cenluVy 1 1)^? , fiimily uamos | were handed down to succoediug goU | cations, and thi?\'ii?toni was adopted beenuso of a In'v rc<] ring births and marriages and ib-atln to be registered in tho parish books. As lute as tho eighteenth century many families in England bad no Minmmes, and tho children were Kivon* uicHnnrm n, as Nosy, Soaker, Kucker, Snaggletooth, Cockeye, Jump r, R.w'.egs, Red top* w(0; paoplo in nf now meifrids ha:l to bo d< vif?r l In distingiiiHh llivm. Prefixes and i (fixes wore reiUt led to. Tho word son w.is added to distinguish tho father from tin.- children, an John, Johnson, \ V 1 1 ? , Wiisou, Tom, Toiuvju. Tho word Fj ( /. w.n a pr< fix to Norman' names aud etimo from fi s or n hod. Yitoh in -tho iluBsiitn languago Ims tho samu in"a;iinj/, and mi has vou or van in Ch rmriM, find M jo in Scotch and Irish, as MacDonald, tho son of Donald. O in nit; Trish prefix and* moans grandson, as O'Connor, O'iJjrr, O'Hallaran, etc. Do or Duo is tho Frcnch prefix for Ron and Ap means tho samo in Welch. Theso afiixea and prefixes will classify a greaiPftUmbcr of names, for from John camo Jonson, Johnson, Johnston an if^JTohn ? t o 11 <;. Tho Smith family name had a peculiar origin, Tho old Ai>k1o-Huxous wero ever on tho lookout for invasions of tho island, m'nd ihenco they kept a largo force of ifaeu\on tho hills near tho coast to look 6Ut for tho invaders and to smito them when they onmo. Thqso men had but a ainglo imrac, r.s John or Jack or Will, but they wero knowta as ,| John tho Smiter or Jack tho 8rniteV,or Will tho- Smiter, which ?m ?<x>aNl abridged to John Smiter and thon to 1 John ttmitber, . aadfinnlly to John" Smith. Aamith is a smiter? a gold smith smite# gold, ybhusk4uiith ami tea iron. An4 all nnao soldicr^n tho highland* beeamo Smiths by nai?b,and ware good patriotic . fightiogftwek# Hurrah ' for tho Smithi? including /oh ft, Tha Jones faroily are 61 J?*!0* na lBv Er WOT IWuWI wf ? ^ Bat naaaaa ,were still scarce* than pacpla, and tkay bad , occupations to distinguish them; honert ofttuo tho honest names of Farinor, ! Carpenter, Mason, Baker, Gardner, | Tanner, Wtavor, Taylor, Draper, Cooper, Miller, Forter, Joiner, ^Sadler, j Brewer, Barber, Tumor, I'himber, i Thrasher, Curler, Carrier, (t'fnnger, Cook, Bridgmnn, Bowman, oie< Scores of others could l>o added that indicate i trades end occupations. j Not long after, as tho people multi j plied, they wore named for the plaoes where they lived or some natural ob I joot near hy, as Hill, Dale, Forest, . Wood, drove, Fountain, Lake, I'ool,^ I Itivers, Brooks, Hraiioh, Hush, Urubb, : Tree, Stone, Hunkx, Mhoro, Beuob, I Hi roll, Waters, Wall, Cliff, Peak, HoAj', i\uin, Bainwater, Tuuborlake, ltioc, | Wheat, Corn, Alleorn, ete. Tlu y even appropriated tho namon i of nuimids, birds, etc., n-< Dion, Immlt, Hog, C \? 1 1 , Fowl, Hull, Bullock, Heaver, .Boar, Buck, Deer, Swan, Hawks, Dove, Crime, Hird, Herring, Bass, Trent, Salmon. And next t iio fruits and flowers, as Apple) Orange, Demon, Flum. Cliorry, Herry, Haws, OetYee, Turnip and Tur in pseed. Colonel Turnipsoid was col onel of tho Ninth Georgia regiment. Of Mowers and trt'OK, there is Koho, Violet, l'rimrest\ (Chestnut and Holly. Then they had to or.eroaeh on tho nobility and clergy, and no wo havo Jung, One-re, l'riuce, K?vl, Dord, Duke, Knight, I'age, .Uewart, Cham berlain, Hope, Ibi-h >p, Pries!, Abbot, Prior, Deacon and Ibtiloy. Ami on tho heavenly bmtioq and heavenly Ihingti and prcei<us stones, an Sun, Moon, Star, ('loud, Wind, (Sale, Sky, Angel, Diamond, I'ofirl, (bdd, (?hia-<, Jewell, oie. And on parts of tho body, a? Bond, Heart, Heard, Hair, Arms, liegg, Foot, Shinu, Back, Hipp, Hand, ete. And on colors, ay White, Hlaok, Hrown, Green, Hodd, Blue, Cray, 1 1 oar and Violet. Some were named on account of per sonal peculiarities --as Dong, Dong f el low, Siringfellow, Short, Small, Strong, Meek, iiiglijfo^if, Good, Heat, Bliss, Wise, ... .... ? isdain, Fito and i-'iiteit. v v. .-Huttheis.; 'O'liioiigli for tho youlig folks to build onto and make a very goal oataloguo of namo<?. Charles Damb mv? that the original naino or Bacon was Ho^flosh, who was a very wealthy and clover gentleman, but his gill wouldn't marry him becauso alio couldn't b'ar to bo called Mrs. Hog* lleih. It would bo awful. And "oho applied to parliament and had bin name ehangrd to Baoon. Ho couldn't give up tho whole hog, but took it cured. Mnny names wero abridged changed from oircumslaeccs. JohiiFr:i tho Moor wan changed to Atmore, ail; ^ At tho Wood to Atwood and Peter lit" tho Seven Oaks to l'cwr Stiooks, , Will, tho taylor, had a idgn of a/ peaoock over his shop, and got to bo called Will I'oaocck. Anslom, tho pawnbroker, had a sign of a rod shield, which in tho Jewish lnngu'igo was Uothsehild, and ho ho and hia brothers wero called ltothaclulde, and beeamo tho richest men iu tho world. Tho pld story of tho firm of I. Kt lchuin and U. Cheatham may hftVo never ex iattd, but before tho war there wns a tlrjp in llomo of Wino ?fe Goodman, aud close by was a Wit and a Wisdom. There is a Foiite, and a Fito in Car* tcrsviile, and sonio years ago ihoro was a Fitlen. Tho poot ttsks what's in, a name? Thero is ft good deid? and if .! was a pretty girl, and had a protty name, I wouldn't change it for a Ilogg h or ft Sheepshanks. ? Bmii Am? iu At lanta Confi'vution, AGE OF THIS MUNDANE SPHERE Keccnt KxcnvutJous feow the World to lie Much Older dmn Kuppoacd. According to scriptural chronology, the world is About 5,000 years old, tho theory most generally accepted Uefng that (ho creation occurred 4,004 yearn before the beginning of the Christian era. Professors Haynes and 1 1 III pracht, of the University of Ponnsyl* ^ vanla, who have boon conducting ex cavations In the ruins of the enst, have recently made discoveries which seem to prove a high state of civilization 7,000 years before the birth of ChrisU$~; Large numbers of- stone tablets hn vjjir boon found in Nipur, the burled elty'_. of the Kuphrates, which carry back human written history hourly 3,000 years further than any records hereto fore known. Professor S. A. lJlnlon, nu eminent afchaccJcgiHt and Egyp tologist, u iinriuliOr of i he JIlbHdal Archaeologlcal Society of London, snys: "Not a doubt bus been expressed as to the correctness of the elates of the tablets taken from the prehistoric Nl pur and which have Just been deci phered, Assyrian chronology up to 'tlvf tlniv of Sargon is not to much be.Tct wfih obstacles as the Egyptian. Their BClibes put down the "" dales, couiiling( the years from ?he accession of various rulers. "TlitvdaAof Iho month and the year aro limtj'lauly given on these tablets, and as iheli* months are lunar, bear ing tho same names and exactly cor responding to the present Jewish cal endar, It Is within easy reach of the chronologlst." Nlpur is upon the very spot Wl/ore tho garden of E<Teri~ls though tV to have b?en .situated and ti ? few mljes from the Tower of Bali6L~"** The ruins from which tho tablets wero fcxenvated are under nioro than thirty six feet of earth, upoil. ,th9. top. . which were ruins of - tho ancient cltjrS* , 0f/^'ipur, jofn rded by arehaeolotfltfla one of q^poldost known. - Both, of the#? cities,. other, ha thoy wer?T fi.000 yeare of tlnwv is .of the opinion, In We tot vtewjoi " " fir* ms of Ifiptjr, m^ veipea ' . jltejKil! ?m r i 'r wit* ; tif" 1 mtttriScefe* ottt&nia ?lty o? VtaoKflrvai* f 5#*~~