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BRISBANE THIS WEEK The First One Goes Looks Like War Don't Stumble 400 Men, 400 Mice The death of Marshal Pilsudskl, ruling power of Poland, takes from Arthur Brlabnne that country a great man and an able patriot. Re maining In the background, exer cising power with out display, Mar shal Pllsudski was un absolute dicta tor. and his death Is first among the dictators developed by the great war. The world may loarn from his go ing what to expect when other dicta tors depart, one by one. w nnt win be the destiny of Poland, with her strongest man gone? What, at a later time, wil. happen in Italy. Germany, Ilussln, Turkey, as each loses the dictator that now takes the place of self-government and inde pendent public thought? Italy calls out her "fourth class" fighting reserves and has 050,000 men ready to crush the king of Ethiopia, If crushing becomes ^necessary." Note Mussolini warns other countries not to meddle and not to hotp Ethiopia. That looks a little like war. ' Warning to politicians and others: Don't stumble. In California, Herman Zeijjler was putting 18 tame lions through their paces. He cracked the whip; they obeyed. Jumping up on stools, sitting up on their hind legs. "Mind over matter" was beautifully demonstrated. The lions acknowledged their master. Then, unfortunately, the lion tamer, careless, stumbled over a stool, fell ; Instantly the lions were upon him, forgetting their fear of him. He had etumbled and fallen ? that was enough. There are among us today, on and off the radio, some lion tamers, mak ing the American |>eople sit up and Jump through hoops. Let them take care not to stumble. In China,' a subterranean river flood ed the Szecliwan coal mine. Four hundred miners were drowned. Old-fashioned Chinese used to for bid, and still nbhor. any mine digging, "because It disturbs the earth dra gon." They will think the old earth dragon flooded the mine, ordered the unseen river to enter. This drowning news Is less excit ing to the average American thap it would be to have ^the cook announce : "There were 400 mice drowned In the ?Ink." The sink Is near home, China la far off. Seventy-five fighting game cocks and 8fi men were seized by state troopers in a bam 15 miles out of Hammonton, N. J. Brutality in men dies slowly, but sinks to lower levels with time. Kings of Englnnd once sat delighted around the "cockpit." betting on their favorites, reveling In the extraordi nary courage of the game birds. Now cock-fighters are driven to hiding in barns, police arrest them, magistrates fine them. Perhaps some day civilization will feel about man-fights, on the bnttle fleld, as It does now ahout cock-fights. Hitler continues his program on the "If you do not like it. lump lt,M plan. Washington protested feebly against Germany's discrimination In debt pay ments against this country. Germany tells us to take what Is given and be grateful, or make trade arrangements to suit Hitler. He hopes to counter act that boycott against German good* fstabllshed here. The former kaiser, reported serious ly 111, Is cotlflned to his bed, ordered to avoid nil effort ; a hard order for the "all highest." How such names an Hitler, Ktalln, Mussolini must grate on the nerves of the aging Hohenzollern ! He can sym pathize with England's Henry II. who, after defeat, turned his face to the wall, muttering "Kha'ie on n beaten king," and died. Mr. Morgenthan, secretary of the treasury, assures you that your Amer ican dollar Is sound, which Is comfort ing. Mr. Morgenthau knows a good deal about money. The British do not agree with him, and Rome British experts consider the dollar worth about 60 cents now and expect It to go low<?r. The* will probably be disappointed, ?lobn I). Rockefeller's I. O. U. Is as good as gold, and this country Is the John D. Rockefeller among nations. A New England gathering approves hlrth control and sterilization of the hoj?ele*?ly Insane and habitually crim inal, with full dissemination of birth control Information, The action was not, taken by any "radicals," or other queer fauna but "hy the New England Conference of Mmhodlst Church#*" That makes It news. The Idea In gain ing ground that the woman should h?v? something to sav ahout "another habjr.* ?k, Kin* Synrilcftt*. mo, WNU S?rvk?. . ?? ? . - :j~,. . , ft- -? .. . , Raid Uncovers Crime Ring Headquarters ?v Palatial Home in Rhode Island Houses Gang Devices reminiscent of movie thrillers were found by government agent* when they raided a palatial home at Warwick, H. I., Ii> search of a crime ring. The house was. found to con tain underground passages, secret slid Ing panels, anil mechanical device* that are supposed to exist only In scenario writers' Imaginations. In a sub-basement, the agents di* covered $8.(K)0 believed to be part of the proceeds of a $128,000 mail rob bery staged at Fall Klver, Mass., last January. Now the agents arp digging up the grounds In search for the rest of the loot which they believe was cached by the bandits. Further devel opments ore expected within a short time. Dust Storm About to Swallow a Texas Town This remarkable photograph was made In the Texas panhandle rs a dust storm whirled toward n small town. A few seconds after the picture was taken midnight darkness covered the scene and the air was tilled with choking, sting Ing particles of dust. She Can Buy All the Dolls She Wants Beverly Ann Soper, four years old, of Detroit, cnn now buy thousands of dolls to add to her collection, for George C. Balch, wealthy bachelor who loved children, left her one quarter of his $2.r>(),0()0 estate. The rest of It was divided amonjc two other children and the mother of one of them. Harper Sibley Heads National Business Body Harper Sibley of ItochoKter, N. Y,, succeeding Henry I. Harrlman as presi dent of the Chamber of Commerce of the United Stntea, la n lawyer, hnnker, Induatrlnllat, agriculturist, and a civic, educational and relltflnua leader. He la fifty year* old and won a fellow pupil with President Roosevelt at Oroton school. Sibley la fifty yenra ofd, the father of six children, and finda tltn<* to run four bljj farms Irt addition to hit tariona coinmerelal entet prise*. University Posts Ban on Knitting in Classes Boston. ? There'll he no more "knit ting one, pearling one" In Boston uni versity's classrooms. After the pro lessors complained tlint the knitting students distracted nttentlon from their lecturen, n notice was posted rending: "Absolutely no knitting will ho per mitted In clnssrooms." Newcomer Is Pitching Sensation Johnny Whitehead, Chicago Whit* Sox pitcher, Ih one of the most success ful of the rookies tills year ro far. Coming from the Dallas team of the Texas league, this Is his first major league campaign. Dedicating Cape Henry Memorial . /VS. - ? ??,. - ,'v;^ iM7j 'ftf V^4' T? Virginian* and many visitor* from other state*, trnthered at Capo llenrr Vn., for the annual ceremonlea commemorating tha landing of th a first Nattier* dedicated a permanent memorlnl which *tnnda on the ?pot where the Cavalier* flrat aet foot In the New world. SEEN '"d HEARD around th? National Capital By CARTER FIELDi Washington. ? Now It cau be told who started the depression and why 1 It was Australia, many months be fore our stock market ctash, and the why is that a change In fashions played hob with Australia's exports of wool, for the simple reason that wom en stopped wearing so many woollen garments and men began wearing lighter clothes. Whereupon, nearly every one In Australia being "poor," and the bal ance of trade against Australia reach ing frightening proportions. Australia clamped on drastic restrictions against imports, especially leveled against au tomobiles and trucks. Which, added to the fact that up to then Australia had been the largest single purchaser of American-made automobiles and trucks, knocked over the first' card of a distressingly long pile, and each successive falling card knocked over the next one. All of which, of course, Is not really Intended to convince anyone that Aus tralia really started the depression, or that the present Impasse on world trade would not have resulted If there had been no Australia, but is a highly Illuminating telescopic view of the world situation reduced to an easily understandable formula. It Is particularly appropriate at the moment In view of the hubbub up over the alleged statement of President Roosevelt that foreign trade Is a thing of the past, to which Senator A. 11. Vandenberg paid so much attention In the sennte. It Is also appropriate with Italy and Poland just having restricted im ports of American automobiles, ma chinery and many other products to one-fourth of the 1034 figures. Look at the Record Without attempting to place Aus tralia In the prisoner's dock, there fore, let's look at the record. The big commonwcalth "down under made these restrictions well in advance of the beginning of the depression here. The date of this beginning in Amer ica is hotly disputed, but most econ omists agree that the stock market crash of Octobe . 1 was merely the result of a collapse in business, which was already well under way be fore most business men ? even those engaged Jn the Industries hardest hit appreciated It. Nearly every one thought It was Just a temporary dip in the production curve, lhcy had heard cries of "Wolf! Wolf!" a dozen times before during the Cool ldae ad ministration. but bad seen business march on to higher levels later, with stock market prices continually climb ing as a result. Rut when Australia stopped buying American motors and trucks the ava lanche started, though no one thought for the time that It was more than a pebble rolling downhill. Kor the dry ing up of motor manufacturing, with Its cutting down of buying from steel plants, tire factories, battery makers, upholstery weavers, etc., was well un der way by July. 1IU.M). three months before the stock market dive. What brings all this up for consid eration in Washington at the moment Is that several very Important per sons, some from Europe and some from other parts of the vvond. includ ing Australia, have been In our midst for the last few days, and have been trying to figure out how to end ilte present International trade stalemate. Nearly every one agrees that if some nation would just start he up ward push, as some think Australia started the downwnr.. drive, the world could work out of the present dol drums. Rut how to get started? Nat urally the visitors with one accord say that the United States is the na tion to start It. The British say that ?we should reduce our inrirf on tex tiles. whereupon they would bay more of our cotton, etc. That gHs a loud laugh, though with no nurth In New England, not. to mention N""-'i faro lina. Rut It Illustrates the difficulty of applying a self starter! Old Problem Up Again The old I mg and short haul ra I road rate controversy Is due for an other n I ring. This tlm the subject will he brought up In an effort to help the struggling railroads. Chairman Rnyburn, of the house Interstate and foreign commerce committee, proposes to try to remove one of the restric tions In the present law which has Irked the railroads considerably. This Is the provision that If a through rate is made, which happens to be less than the rate for part of the same distance, the cheaper through rate must be compensatory. Or In short that the railroad must make a profit at the lower rate. At first blush It would seem that the railroads would have no nbje< tion to such a provision. Rut they have ? plenty. Their chief objection Is that the Interstate Commerce commission, worrying about this Injunction, has been very slow about approving any cheap through rates. It was said, time and again, to some railroad seeking to put one In. that obviously there could be no profit In such a rate, so there was no use considering If. Whereas, the railroad company In volved might bo perfectly sure that there would be more dollars In Its treasury at the ?<nd of any given perl od If It were allowed to innke that rate, whether It could prove that the particular rate would yield a profit on the particular shipments made under It or not. The point In that It la next to Impon slble for a rnllroad to figure whether It wakes the profit on any particular shipment. It knows where it stands, within reason, on its entire business! Hut It Is very difficult to break the thing down the way mathematicians would like. For it is not a question of subtracting the cost of an item from the selling price, deducting handling charges, and figuring the profit, as It would be in a retail store. How it Works In fact, railroading is almost at the other extreme from a retail store when It comes to figuring what should be chai 1 the customers. To consider n sp.-c.nc case of how this long and short haul tiling works, take the three cities of Pittsburgh. Youngsrown and Chicago. The Baltimore and Ohio might consider it good business to make a rate from Chicago through to Pittsburgh cheaper than from Chicago to Youngstown. though/fit* trains from Chicago to Pittsburgh pass through Youngstown. If by this lower rate to Pittsburgh n large number of cars loaded with fi eight should be added to each train, there would be no doubt about it. For it costs very little more to haul a train of KX) freight curs than a trnin^ of SO cars. Or to haul a train of cars than a train of 40 cars. Kven the fuel cost of the trip Is not raised any thing like proportionately by the ad ditional cars. Whereas, the labor cost Is rarely advanced an amount worth considering. Put the law does not fake cogni zance of this factor. It savs that the lower rate must be compensatory. And the I. (*. c has t,<?en holding that this means there must he n profit, which can be demonstrated, at the low rate. And this is a hurdle which the rail roads have not been ahle to *ake. Especially as the Intermediate towns always raise cain. send lie locations j from their chambers of commerce, and bear down on their congressmen to get into the picture and do some thing. As Youngstown prohaMv would in the case cited. j Put there is a strong disposition on the part of the administration to do something for the railroads, compli cated by the fact that it is very diffi cult to figure out what to do. it is that dosho which makes Ins and truck regulations probable. New Trade Treaties Trade treaties with Sweden, the Netherlands. Switzerland. ;:nd Spain are almost ready. This is the answer to the erroneous statement that the publication of the sensational Oeorge N. Peek report proved President Roosevelt was now siding with him In his row with Secretarv of State Cor dell Hull. As a matter of fact, on the verv date on which the Peek report was made public the President passed on some details with respect to the pro posed treaty with Sweden, indicating his general approval of the Hull policy. I Whereas, when asked for comment by newspaper men a few days before the Peek report ? in their hands for release later ? w a^ printed, the Presi dent smiled it oft', saying that not even the author could vouch for all the figures ! | American match line e>is have been terribly concerned over this Swedish j treaty. Again .Japan, the chief tar I get of the protesting textile interests, I figures. I rue. it j* the general lrrp.es | sinn that Japanese matches, likr J; p i unese light bulbs, are not a? g< n,1 those made in this country, hut cut ? prices spell trouble for hotter goods, many a time, as every merchant knows to his sorrow. Now Japan would like nothing bet ter than lor the Pulled '?'tales and ! Sweden, in their negotiations for the reciprocal trade treaty, to agree to re- 1 dnce the American duty on matches. I' or under the "most favored nation" clause .Japanese matches at once ' would gel just >;s much benefit us ' Swedish an tches. America is the prnnKed land of match manufacturers ail over the world, it Is virtually the only country I v.- he re matches are not either a gov ernment monopoly or taxed out of nil I reason. It is often said that matches are free in America. Due r ? > the ad j vertising possibilities of the packages, j this has almost icon true though all ! the indications are that this (-ra may i be drawing to n close, beginning with a small federal tax on m;:*. m-s in the last revenue h||| I Match Market Limited So rich in revenue is ri.e match In most foreign countries that there Is n J tax on lighters. In fact it is sometimes J said that the onlv public lighter in nil France is the one in the lobby of the chamber 'if deputies! Obvious! v the match market of t^^) world Is VI I V sharply limited by the^T artificial restrictions. .Just n< the cig arette market is restricted hy gov ernments anxious for a big revenue. fox perls say that American cigarette manufacturers would drive ai; others In the world out of IhisIim-ss If nrtl tlclnl barriers were removed l.ut also thai the Sw edes and the .Japs, i he first on quality 'though thev r. e not as good as American mat- bet) ?n<| the second on price, would lapture the match market If nrilfb iai barriers^ were eliminated. ii Sweden Is hanging up a bit of tempt ing halt lo American negotiators, how- j ever. She promises that she will re duce duties and restrictions, which would result In the Swedes consuming vastly larger quantities of American fruit and other farm products. Now the agricultural vote that would he In forested In this ne"v market In vary large. Whereas the vote Interested l? match production I* rattier *malL All of which Indicates that ihe conoid slens Sweden wants wn.l be msi* <*>P>ll?ht? WJRA