Cheraw chronicle. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, September 28, 1916, Image 1
llronitli tnr Columns. MM M M ' '1 Toor A#.,* This - ,> ,
E?ery Corner of fhe Town and Country fl I I A ~ ! B I ^ ^ . . I Will Bring Business to Yon thatolU^^^
-? VI wraiu Vlnmntrir
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. Volume 20 CHERAW, CHESTERFIELD CjOUNTY, S. C., SEPTEMBER 28, 1916 Number 48
Old Submarine
Saved From S
and Will 1
Fel>]
WILLIAM BOURNE FIRST HyU
TO ATTEMPT SUBMARINE lu8
T
? staii
Other Inventors Fulled Until Anieri-! j^1
can M ar Times When Confederates i *
Had First Usable Underwater Craft.
New York, Sept. 23.?The first sue- si
cessful submarine, triumph of Ameri- rine
can genius, is not to go on tne scrap into;
heap. With a guard of honor fur- ndin
nished by the government, the Hoi- as t
land No. 9 will be taken through the t'lp
streets of Philadelphia early next or t
month, loaded in gondola cars in sec- lim"
tions and brought to New York, where "nt<
it wil be adequately housed and as- a
fico
sured of care for ever.
Through the public spirit of two New 1
York men, the clumsy-looking, but
epoch-making little craft, has been ^
purchased for all Americans to see. ~ '
It now rests on blocks before the
Commercial Museum in Philadelphia.
two
Those having the matter in charge ^
will start immediately the deliate
task of cutting her into three setlons, j
for purposes of shipment. These will
be carefully joined together on arrival j j
in New York City. ,u
For -one year the public will be
able to view the boat in the Bronx ^utti
International Expositor, here and riuia
then it will be moved to a low public ject
museum which is being planued by ueaC
several prominent men here to house menl
relics showing the developments of unit?
remarkable human achievements in uava
v"^ e*P?aMon .the Holland will ^at
k? the 01 a collection" illustrat- the^
c ^ if the telephone, phonograph, motion ^jj*
picture machine, aeroplane and other
f - , _ ... cause
American inventions The exposition
leutu
will open May 30 next subst
In 160.4, William Bourne of England (1
constructed a submarine. It submerge<l,
ami that is all that could be said (.aUs(
of it. In 1TTT Rrof.Bushnell, a Con- m>r
necticutt man. invented a submarine amj
which was turmed the American Tur- ul
tie. It was like a large clamshell in statt
the center of which a man sat, pro- state
pelling the device forward by leg pow- jiWi|,
er and then when it had reached an was
enemy ship, boring into its sidewith mooi
anauger projecting tVoin the front, tenti
This was before the day of ironeads whie
or submegibe exposives. navy
Next in the history of the subma- Th
rine conies the efforts of Robert Fu- a shi
ton, the inventor of the steamboat, nnd
Even before Futon had sent his first know
ship the Caremont.up the Hudson to ll,vli
convince the Emperor Napoeon that neWs!
he coudassi sthimsef in the conquest v'evv
of Engand by the use of submarines.
In 1 Ti?7 Robert Futon constructed Mr
fort he French emperor a submarine- deatl
boat which succeeded in staying un- a sti
der water four hours and 2o minutes, whie
and. placing a torpedo under a hulk Iniat
arranged for the purpose, blew it to tail,
smithereens. As a reward for this, Ante;
Fulton was considered to be a little their
bit crazy and was allowed to return W
to America construct steamboats on takei
the Hudson. alH*
The history of the submarine then
took a long lapse. It was not until ll,,st1
18.10 that a Bavarian by the name of N,('r-V
Bauer built a submarine in which the
method of control was by shifting j "?u?
weight forward and after to dive and ',a*e
aris'e' This boat collapsed in the
i . , pnbli
harbor of Kiel on one ot its ^ j
trips, and remained partly bur' ! in ^ j,
the mud until 18S7. when it was lo- .
uown
cated during the deepening c* Kiel v,,stj
harbor, and taken ta "erlin. whore j,( yy
it is now in the .Museum of Ocean- |i(l
ogiphy. I i?t*riii
It was not m*:l tho V'a?* Between f,,re
the States forced the Confederates to \((- j
attempt some way to escape the!|M?ugl
blockade around the Southern ports'-i na
that mbmarines wove i.-ain heard of. sh
The lirst of ta?s> was the .Munky. in ] ;
a cylindrical-shap? raft abo.it vb 10 ii
feet lour, ard s:\ :>*i in diameter, j inelu
with bow and st u. shaped to form a j place
stem mid st Ta post resp? cfvelv. I
Water ballast compn.tiucnts wcio lo- ?<|,
fated at each end of the vessel. She p,so|
was propelled by hand power, eight whet
men turning crank.- >v'iich operuM fleet
properkv shai . icouh
This boat was sent out of New Or- engh
leans in an endeavor to run the the 1
blockade, but lacked longitudinal sta- abou
bility, and during her experimental j uioto
trials dove headloic' t< the bottom.'one I
She was located and recovered each math
tiiue, but too late to saw the crew. Iu | Whit
this way the designer and Ifcl other Af
men met death. towei
Hunley a Boomerang. fn.m
The Htutley was finally fitted with ami ]
Holland
Icrap Heap
ie Exhibited
i
i
tonry 17, 1.SG4, Lieut. Dickson sliced
in approaching the U. S. S.
.safonic and sunk her by exploda
torpedo under her bottom,
bis probably was the first inee
of a battleship being sunk by a
narlue, but the wave thrown up
the explosion swamped the Huuand
again she was sunk with all
crew.
lortly after this another submawas
built by the Confederates, its ,
ntions being to destroy the bloekig
northern ships. This was known
he New Orleans Submarine. When
vessel was completed the design
hought it would be a fiine perforce
to have the vessel plunge under
?r as she left the ways and make
lort trip l>efore coming to the sur.
Accordingly, he instructed two
ds most intelligent slaves how to
ate the vessel when submurged,
sent them on their way. About
,rears later when the Missippl
being dredged at New Orleans
boat, with the skeletons of the
negroes, was found buried in the
Holland Appears.
was about this time that John P.
and came upon the scene. Holwas
born in Liscannor, Ireland,
15*44. He came to the United
?s before the Civil War and the
e between the Monitor and Merc
set him to thinking on the subof
submarines. In 1875, after
ly 15 years of study and experihe
submitted his plans to the
ed States navy department. The
1 engiueers who -examined them 1
uunced them to he practical in
r way, but gave it as their opinion
men could not he found to risk 1
lives in the experiment. '
>n after this he built the Holland
?pth. Holland made experiments
this boat, but engine trouble '
Hi him to abandon it as a petroproj>elled
craft, and steam was 1
:ituted. The old shell now lies
>e bottom of the Passaic river.
>1 land's second !>oat probably
hI more comment than any craft
constructed in the United States,
ilmnu lor] fn sprimis iutemfltion
ouiplicaions between the United '
;s and jiv.it Britain Hollnuii. as
d in tlis foregoing, was an Irishand
the story got about that he 1
not conducting his experiments 1
ly as a scienist Init that his in011
was to construct vessels with 1
h he could destroy the Br.'Vn 1
<
e second boat was being built at 1
p yard located at West 13th street A
the North river. New York city (
a as Delamater's, and it was '
? one day that a reiiorter for a
l>ai>er came seeking an inter- '
with the inventor.
"The Fenian Kam."
. Holland said just before his j
i that la? never saw this man, luit ,
?ry was written and publislied in (
h the reporter christened the ^
the Fenian Uaui, and told in <le- 3
of how the Fenian Societies of
riea wcr.. building this bout for ,
distressed lirothers in IrelaiuL
lien eoiupletcd, the boat was to be
i surreptitiously to the Irish coast
from there was to prey upon and
ov th;? English navy. In his rem
ences Holland states that this (
probably attracted more attent<?
his e\i?eiriiuents than any sc?Iy
scientific article ever would
done, and yet it caused him an
1 amount of annoyance, for the
city brought alout by this ter.
navy-destroying monster rousIngland
to action and brought
i upon his head a .swanu of inL'ators
front the state department
'ashingtoii.
Hand continued liis series of exnents.
He built eight boats bethe
construction of the Holland
>, the first suhmarine craft to J>e ^
lit and ofticially eemmissioned by ,
tloual government,
e was built at the Crescent yard
ll/.abethport. X. J., She Ls 53 feet
itches long, diameter 10 feet 3 ^
s, and has a submerged dis inent
of To tolls.
'ropelletf by (Twoline Engine.
<? ivii< iiri?m?l 1?w 1 <111 Kiirfnna l?v it
line eugine of 50 horsepower, and ;
i submerged, by a 50 horse i>ower
ric motor. On the surface she
1 make six knots under gasoline ]
it\ and ahovit eight knots under ]
notor. Submerged she could make ?
t tive and a half knots under the
>r. Her armament consisted of i
how torjHjdo tube, one bow pueu- ;
projection gun, and three short
eliead torpedoes.
ter she was launched, she was
1 to Perth MmN>y and It was
there she sailed her first dive,
proved to the jmbtic that ?he ?was
? r f ?
r, CARRANZA NEARING THE END P<
a IS BELDEV IN ARMY
QUARTERS
ie u
>r Lansing and BaksT Center on MexiI
can Situation?Seott Has Conte
fldenee in GenAal Bell's M
?;
v Washington, Sept. 23.?Secretary of se
ln State Lansing and Secretary of War th
Baker conferred to day on the Mexi- M
can situation. Tiey considered par- en
In ticularly the new*,conditions created itsP*
hy the military reVhral of Francisco ev
V Villa. - th
c" | Both Mr. Lansing and Mr. Baker de- ar
e* dined to state whether they reached pi
1 any conclusions or whether the poll- bo
t( cies of this government would be M
v* | changed by appearance of the new G<
m peril on the American border and to Y<
Carranza's regime by Villa's opera- el<
>y tions as reported by Brig- Gen. George br
e- Bell. Jr., at "El Paso. Maj.-Gen. Scott, Ct
n chief of staff of the army, however- us
was frank in discussing General Bell's tk
' report. He differed decidedly from ct
I Secretary Baker, who had ' intimated m<
u reality; a terrible weftpon of wa
uud not the mere senseless coucoctio
of a dreamer.
The story of the first dive of tl
Holland No. 9 as told by the inventc
himself, is:
"On March 17, 1S98, we left tl
pier for onr initial dive. It was abot
o'clock when we started. The fib
was overcast and a few drops of ral
pattered upon the water. But jui
before we got under way a stror
wind scattered the clouds and the sn
came out strong. Also, a rainbow a;
l>eared. This was pointed out 1
many as .a good omen for the su
cess of the test about to be taken. R
gnrding our feelings at the time,
will say that I myse'f fe't conflden
having designed the boon'. My cre\
while they trusted me to see the
through, were more or less shaky,
must be also borne in mind that tin
had never been under wat:r btfor
They wene brave, courageous me
risking their lives to help me piove 1
the world the value of my invention.
No. 9 Starts.
"At the signal from Mr. Morris, tl
company's engineer, we started oi
motor, cast off and glided away froi
our mooring place.
"We were riding so low in the wnt<
that the bases of the masts were was!
ed by occasional syells mounting ov<
the sui>erstructure. This was ai
counted for by the fact that we ha
aboard about 400 pounds of pig ire
as extra ballast. As soon as we a
rived on the course marked out f(
the drive, I filled the trimming tan!
and steered the boat down. Her no?
went under all right, but her ster
projected out of the water. In a wor<
we still lacked enough ballast to ei
tirely submerge her. I Immediate]
stopi>ed the engine and whistled ft
my convoy. She came up at ouee an
we proceeded to transfer more pi)
.ron into the boat.
"Again we tried to dive, and agai
we failed. A second time we whistle
Jor our convoy and took an additioi
ul ballast. This time we succeeded
"As soon as I steered her down sh
dunged beneath the surface and tb
only part visible to the onlookers wa
jur flags fluttering from the mast
ifter running for about 100 feet sul
aerged, I *teer?d her up again an
wy SmMm mi nmw
:'his was a prat relief to many of m
friends, most of whom doubted w
.vould ever be able to make the boa
ouie to the surface when once w
succeeded in getting her under.
Only Four Feet Under.
"During this dive we never ha
nore than four feet of water over ou
Jeck, as 1 was not sure of the slm
dw spots and did not relish runnin
iground and damaging tlie boat.
"We now hold a consultation an
lecided we had better attempt 11
nore dives owing to the lateness c
he hour.
"For sometime ?f/er Ibis we cot
luiied our dives in the lower bay, bt
wentually picked out a more suitabl
living course in Peeonie Buy, Lon
Island. It was there that the Hollau
vent thron&h her best paces and tli
;rew received a thorough training i
lie handlinf of the boat.
"After about a year of trial dirt
toth in Peeonie Bay and later on i
Jhesaiieake Bay, she was accepted b
Hie navy department.
It was just about the time the Ho
i 1 1 iron ncrnfllt
1511MI was lil IIUI IH'li mat f>M? uDm*?
Spain was declared. Holland offere
to take liis lH>at and its crew to Sat
tin go and destroy the entire Nj>anL?
fleet.
When this propon'Co-i ves made I
the United States government, tl
nuthoritios refused the offer with tl
statement that it would he an inht
inane form of warfare. It was n<
until two years after this war wi
over that the government finally pit
chased the Holland.
Holland Sold for Scrap.
After suffering the hardships of ol
ige and linancial reverses, Ilollan
lied August 12, 1!?14.
As time passed, the Holland No.
iH'came absolute. The United Stat*
navy department holds no particult
even though they may represent tl
sympathy for inanimate object
early achievements of America
uenius. So the Holland was sold f*
scrap.
The tin? making a successful hi
for the Holland was the Henry A. Hi
iter's Sons Company of Philadelphl
They removed the engines and di
|)osd of other valuable portions of tl
i?hl vessel, and then placed the she
nt its present site, in the PliJladelph:
Commercial Museum, for exhibit pu
poses.
Tliero oanip a time when the dire
tors of the Museum in-red no loop
to rtain the old bout, on the musen:
grounds. The Hitner (Company offert
the sliell of the Holland for sale i
scrap iron. Walter A. Hall, a mei
her of the original crew of the Hi
land now an electrical engineer ai
nuateur aviator, appealed to the pu
lie for the preservation of the Ho
land. The boat was finally bought 1
m*. I'cter J .Gibbons and his son. An
tin Flint Gibbons, of 2fi6 Madisc
avenue. Xew York city, who ha1
loaned it for one year to the Broi
International exposition, where it cr
lie viewed by the millions of Ne
Yorkers for the next year.
ie broadly yesterday that he did not be- qu
Ir lieve Bell's statement of Villa's sue- mi
111 cesses was correct} sa
General Ocott declared his belief
?r that "Villa is alive" and "General so
k" Bell's report is correct, being corrobo- tic
>r rated by other evidence and wit- on
nesses." He stated that General Bell tu
d bad conversed with persons who are ha
11 regarded as trustworthy, who had lo<
r* come from the scene of Villa's activ- be
)r ity, and who were witnesses of the no
k9 attack upon the City of Chihuahua. ha
,e "There is no reason why I should al
11 doubt the correctness of General pe
' Bell's report," General Scott said. "I M
v shall not send any request to him for pr
\ vertificatlM. I La\e absolute confl- tli
dence in General Bell's word." In
There is considerable apprehension ce
in administration circles over the in,
Mexican situation. Secretary Baker, on
11 however, refused to say if any change hi
i had been made in instructions origi- Ei
nally furnished Generals Funston and re
'V* i
Pershing. hi
e Feeling in army quarters Is that eh
e Carranza is nearing the end of his ad- YV
18 ministration and! that his only hope xti
9' lies in assistance by the United de
^ Stated.* Asldefrtim Villi tax, it was th
* mentis In nr
^ o lnrirp nnml)er olf wealthy exiles who
e. desire the overthrow of Carranza. i?e
it i
e fM
EPISCOPAL PRAYER BOOK TO BB sa
CHANGED ca
d -,r
ir New York, eSpt. 23.?A proposal to ca
j. omit from the prayer book of the I)r
g Protestant Episcopal church prafers ca
for Jews, Turks, infidels and heretics SJ'
(l will be submitted to the Episcopal ho
0 triennial general convention to be held *u
in St. Louis In October. The proposed K"
changes are approved by the special
k. commission on the revision of the Ai
,t prayer book. te'
ie The proposal to eliminate the Jews ,n'
? from Episcopal prayers is based on in
d the ground that it is an Insult to class 111
ie them with infidels and heretics. The ill
n purpose in striking out the Turks from in
the prayers is to avoid confusing with ill
;s Mohammedans. The prayer as pro- w<
n posed reads: tn
iv "Have mercy upon all who know at
the not as revealed iu the gospel of co
i. thy son." ve
it i
,1 COTTON STANDARDS av
j. FIND FAVOR ABROAD tii
h ho
Grading System Promulgated by Sec- qi
0 retary of Agriculture Now Uesd ev
10 on Rotterdam Exchange. la:
,a Washington,, uSept ?5.?Cotton, wi
x. standards promulgated recently by ye
it Secretary Houston for American mar- ju
ia kets have been adopted to govern rij
r. grading on the cotton exchange at
Rotterdam, Holland, marking the first la
official, recognition of the system Li
Id abroad and encouraging agriculture an
,d department officials in their effort for la
establishment of a universal standard, ai
9 The action of the Rotterdam ex- a
?s Thompson at The Hague is exi>ected lg
ir change, reported to the treasury de- IB
le pnrtment by Commercial Attache be
S( here to eliminate much of the con- vi
[i fusion that has existed in trade he- iu
)r tween American shippers and Dutch is
buyers and spinners. pr
id I>r
t. BASEBALL AT CHURCH dc
a. bl
s. Ebbets and Herzog Speak From Pul- in
ie P^- si;
>1) New York, Sept. 25.?Charles Ebj<i
bets, owner of the Brooklyn baseball co
! . team, and Charles Herzog of the New ai
York Nationals talked baseball last th
(.. night from the pulpit of a Grace Meth- te
_.r od 1st Episcopal church. The theme of th
in the services was "Baseball in Its Re e\
.(1 lation to Humanity," and Ebbets and fr
is I Herzog were invited to address the W
i). congregation. pi
,1- Mr. Ebliets' subject was "Clean cc
id Living is Necessary in Baseball." Mr. A
p. Herzog made remarks along the same in
,1-; line and ulso prophesied that his club ai
)V J would keep up its winning streak. H
s-1 tii
>n ' Marion, Sept. 24.?A tragic shoot- lo
re ing affair occurred in the Marion Cot- in
ix ton Mill section this afternoon, when pi
in Sam Procter, a young white man, ac- pi
w . cidentally shot and killed a 10 year hi
I old girl. a<
;rsonaI Equations of the Two Presidential
Candidates.
|
Ugeruon S. Crapsey, in the Rochester
Herald.)
They are both sons of clergymen?
r, Hughes of a Baptist, Mr. Wilson 1
a Presbyterian parson. Their fathers
pined to have beeu superior men in
eir calling, for both Mr. Hughes and 1
r. Wilson seem to revere their par- 1
tage and have remained faithful to
t religious teachings. They are both '
angelical and faithful adherents of
e church of their youth. They 1
e college men?the one educated at
incetou, the other at Browu. They 1
th entered life through the law?,
r. Wilson banging out his shingle in 1
?orgifl, and Mr. Hughes in New 1
>rk. They both entered politics acleutally?Mr.
Wilson because of his 1
eak with the trustees o fPrinceton
dlege and Mr. Hughes because of his
efulness to the Republican organiza>n.
Against neither of them can any 1
large be sustained affecting his
aral Integrity. So far as these. 1
lallties are concerned, we could well
ike our choice by flipping a penny,
ylng: "Wilson, heads; Hughes, tails."
MUt HO iwo nuinuu uemp are on
much alike that there is no distinc- !
>n between them. When it comes to
tlook upon life, the difference be een
the men is very clear. As we
ve already seen, Mr. Wilson's out>k
is that of the humanitarian. He
lieves that laws are made for men,
t men for laws. Because a thing
,s alweys been is no reason why it
ways should be. Justice at one
rlod becomes injustice at another. 1
r. Wilson appeals from precedent to 1
inciple. He would adapt the bed to '
e man, and not the man to the bed. 1
this respect he has had no prede- 1
ssor in the Presidency except Washgton
and Lincoln, any Washington's
itlook was not so much that of a
imanitarian as it was that of a
lglish freeman. Washington could
conci'.e the keeping of slaves with
s conscience. He was a man of his
iss and thought with his class. Mr.
ilson' outlook is wider because he
inds upon a higher point of human
velopmeut. His sympathies are with
e mass of mankind, and his desire
to rnnlrn llfn annnrtntiln tp ihnjfl.,
ion ivhose labor all living depends;
Lincoln is the only man who can
mmnared with Wilson in humani
rlan feeling and outlook. Lincoln
\v with the vision of the prophet beuse
he dwelt in the solitude of the
ophet; he felt for the people bouse
he dwelt in the solitude of t*e
ophet; he felt for the people beuse
he was of the people. His '
mpathies were not with the slavlder,
but with theh slave?wonderlly
expressed in the second inau>ral.
Speaking of American slavery
said: "If we shall suppose that 1
nerican slavery is one of these of- 1
noes which in the providence of God
list needs come, but which, havg
continued through His uppoiuted
lie, He now wills t?> remove, aud
at He gives to both North and South
is terrible war as the woe due to
ose by whom the offeuce came, shall
i discern therein any departure from
ose divine attributes which the beivers
in a living God always ascribe
Him? Fondly de we hope, ferutiy
do we pray, that this mighty
ourge of frar may ?si>eedily pass
ray. Yet, if God wills that it coume
until all the welth be piled by the
ndsuien duriug 250 years of unreilred
toil shull be sunk, and until
ery drop of blood drawn with the
sh shall be paid by another drawn
1th the sword, as was said 3,000
ars ago, so still it must be said: 'The
dgements of the Lord are true and
piteous altogether
Mr. Wilsou's attitude toward the
boring class of mankind is that of
ncoln toward the slave. These men
id women are not to him so much
bor commodity; they are living souls
id their destiny is in the keeping of
living God. Their redemption from
norance and poverty so as the dererance
of Isruel from the house of
udage. It is a work calling for dine
wisdom and human sacrifice, and
* * - nf \fv Wilmm
Mis worK me uuuii' vi i'v. ....?-engaged.
Like Lincoln, be is a
actical statesman and deals with the
oblerns in a practical manner. He
>es not go as far as some would have
m go, but much farther than those
terested in present conditions dere.
The iniud of Mr. Hughes, on the
ntrary is primarily legalistic. His
>I>eal is constantly to precedent?
ings that are must be. Vested inrests
are to be protected because in
leui the safety of society is involved,
ery problem must be considered
om the viewpoint* of established law
hether these laws are adapted to
eseut conditions or not may not be
msldered as long as the law stands,
ny radical change of principle which
volves a reorganization of society is
ltagonstic to the mind of Mr.
ugbes. His fight for purity in pollcs
did not at all change his way of
oking at social conditions. He was
i that fight merely a prosecutor
"osecuting a thief. His vision did not
iss beyond that legal limitation; it
irdly could do so. because his char.*ter,
his education and his training
had all the limitation* of the lawyer.
It Is this that makes Mr. Hushes
the natural choice of the large capitalists
for the office corrupt him, but
they no longer desire to use the brutal
methods in vogue in the last generation.
Bribery has gone out of fashion.
What they want now Is men who
think as they do and who will do gladly
and unscientiously what they want
ilone. They feel that they are making
no mistake in preferring Mr Hughes
to Mr. Wilson. They want the legal
mind, not the human mind, to guide
Ihe affairs of the country, because
their interests are legal and not human.
He who votes for Mr. Hughes
votes to sustain that conception of
government which considers it the instrument
of a ruliny class, whereby
they maintain their power over the
other classes.
If Mr. Hughes is elected we may expect
a return to the "standpat" attitude.
As far as possible, all the progressive
laws of the present Administration
will be revoked, and no laws
of like kind will be enacted. Rural
credits, legislation in favor of the
working class will go by the board:
tariffs will be increased, privilege will
he granted and the men whose minds
are upon money will (nee more rejoice
in the opport'n f'es which are offered
to them by a grateful and compliant
nation.
In general attainment and force of
will tli'? iv is 110 com pur? (ii netween
the two men. Mr. Wilson t- by far
the stronger, abler man of the two
Mr. Wlisj-.i lgis trained his m.iid In
the study of the science of government;
he has exercised his will in the
application of those principles in executive
positions; he is a man of
dauntless courage; he has staked himself
and ills cause again and again
upon the issue of a contest, and so far
he has won out.
Mr. Hughes, 011 the contrary, as we
have already learned, (lid not fight his
battle to the finish. He entered upon
a conflict for the purification of the
political life of America making the
State Administration of New York his
battle ground. For three years he
fought fiercely and bravely and acquired
for himself a leadership, but
while in the midst of the battle his
fortitude ^
Into security, leaving the forces that
had been under his command to .shift
for themselves as best they could. Up
to this time Wilson has succeeded and
Hughes has failed, and it is the law of
life that a man does what he did
aforetime. To Wilson the affairs of
this country, in their present critical
state, may be safely trusted. From1
what he has done we can judge what
he will do.
If Mr. Hughes succeeds him, we are
launched upon a sea of uncertainty,
and 110 man can tell in what storm the
captain will forsake the ship.
EXPECTS BELIEF
Laney Predicts Legislative Adjustment
41%^ Tncunanna R/iU'
VI tuv AUOUiUllW a ?vni
Columbia. Sept. 24.?The fire insurance
situation will be satisfactorily
adjusted by the next legislature, in
the opinion of G. K. Laney, member
of the Senate from Chesterfield county,
who was among the visitors in Columbia
yesterday. Senator Laney was
the author of the fire insurance bill
passed by the last legislature. While
in Columbia yesterday Seuator Laney
called at the Governor's office.
Gov. Manning will probably deal
with the fire insurance situation in
his annual message to the next general
assembly. In a recent letter the
Governor stated that be would probably
urge the creation of a State rate
making bureau.
--Senator Laney said yesterday that
the fire insurance situation had shown
much improvement during the [hud
five months.
MONUMENT TO MAINE VICTIMS
Work on $100,000 Memorial in Havana
-- Park to Start Next Week.
Havana, Sept. 23.?Work will be
luinunniwpi] novt week on the monu
111**111 iii memory of the victims of the
United States battleship Maine, blown
up in Havana harbor in February, 1S98
The monument will be erected in a
small park opposite the Santa Clara
battery near the wall of the Malecon.
On either side of the memorial a
staff will be placed on which will be
hoisted the stars and stripes and the
flay of the Cuban republic. The monument
will be 011 a base 10 feet in
height, the total height to be 07 feet.
The principle feature of the monument
to be erected to the victims of
the Maine in Havana will be the afterturret
of the battleship and two of its
guns. These relics were presented to
the Cuban government by the American
Congress. Tjhe monument will
cost $100,000.
Retains Commission Gov't.
Columbia. S. C., Sept. 20.?Columbians
by a vote of four to one, 1,099
to 258, today refused to recall the commission
form of government.
"Tell me," said the lady to the old
soldier, "were you cool in battle?"
"Cool?" said the truthful veteran, "why
I fairly shivered."
KILLEN ROCKWELL KILLED F.EW
HOURS AFTER PROMOTION
Daring Aviator In Franco-American
Flying' Corps Died Ignoranfi of
Commission to Lieutenancy
Body Recovered.
Paris, Sept. 24.?Aerial lighting in
which Sergt. Kiffen Rockwell of
North Carolina was mortally wounded
yesterday morning by a German
airman took placo over the town of
Thann. The body of the American
aviator fell in reconquered territory
in Alsacp near the spot where Rockwell
shot down his first adversary
five months ago.
Rockwell was serving as a volunteer
in the Franco-American flying
corps on the Verdun front. A few
hours previous to the engagement he
had been promoted to the rank of
second lieutenant but died without
knowing of the new: honor. He al
ready had received the military
medal for shooting down a German
two-seater near Hartmans-Weilerkopf
in May. He had beaten down
another before Verdun and had participated
in a thrilling combat in
which nearly all the Franco-American
flotilla was engaged with a
strong German force. He was
wounded during the fight by a fragment
of shell while engaged alone with
three adversaries.
Sergeant Rockwell was one of the
first American volunteers to join the
Foreign Legion. He was grievously
wounded in a bayonet attack at Arras
in May, 1915, before being transferred
to the flying corps. He was
regarded in French aviation circles
as an "ace," a name given to the
most skillful daring pilots. Lieut.
vUlliam Thaw of Pittsburg, before
he was wounded, and Rockwell made
a formidable fighting pair. They frequently
were in the air together aud
always chasing an adversary.
Rockwell had fought 34 air b.wtles
3ince recovering from his last wound
or an average of more than^me a day.
When he met his death he was returning
from a bombarding expedition
in which he flew one of the fighting
machines that furnished the escort.
Marion, Sept. 25.?Kiffin Rockwell,
the young avaiator, whose tragic death
was described in yesterday's news
dispatches, was a Marion county boy.
His mother, who now resides in Winston-Salem,
was Miss Lula Ayres of
near Nichols, in Marion county. Miss
Ayres married a Baptist minister and
after his death, studied osteopathy
and practiced in Ashville, N. C. Her
iather was a prosperous farmer near
Nichols until a few years ago when
ne died. Two of Mrs. Rockwell's
orothers live at Nicholas.
LENGTH OF THE WAR
A Much Discusesd Question of Great
Interest.
The war entered its third year with
Germany on the defensive, but expressing
every confidence that her lines
will hold, declares Charlton Bates
Strayer, in Leslies. Maximilian Harden
111 Die Zukuuft gives warning, however,
that the goal is still remote
and says, "We shall see more naked
misery and hard need in tht. third year
of war than in many ordinary years."
The Amsterdam correspondent of the
London ChronieV reports . liat the German
military staff !> read in*ting home
military arrangnm mts in order to release
every single avj!.a'?'e fighting
man for service at the front, the theory
being that a "decision so far as
the present type of warfare is concernixi
is fullv exneetcd before the end of
the summer." Messages exchanged
between King George and the heads of
all the allied Powers express the determination
to continue the struggle to
a victorious end. More Significant
still were meetings held in every town
and city in the British Isles in which
the same vrm resolution was manifest.
The first lord of the admiralty, A. J.
Balfour, declared that after the Jutland
battle the tide b?gan to "flow
strongly in our favor." The most cheering
feature of the war to Great Britain
is the abundant supply of inunions
now possessed, in marked contrast
with the first year and a half
of the war. David Lloyd George is
quoted as saying that 011 the 1st of
T...... mil "Tim Tlritiwli nrmv had
j uill*. L*r?*rf ai.v ... ?
one week's supply of munitions and
only 75,(HK) shots in the reserve stock
at the rear." "It is not for me to say
how long the struggle will last," says
Gen. .Toffre. 'but the question matters
little!. We feel and we know that the
crash is coming."
Smaller Loaf in Little Rock.
I.itlle Hock. Ark., September 23.?
Lakers here to-day reduced the size
>f a five-cent loaf of bread 14 to 13
ounces, and the ten-cent loaf from 26
to 24 ounces, and announced they
would make nothing but white bread
at these prices. Flour has advanced
here fifty per cent in two months.
The Chronicle now only $1 a year.