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The latere* la tlxf cost of produc las eotton la becoming almost nniTer eul tkro?|hott the United States Thoee la the non-producing sectiom are chiefly latereeted because, ac eeptlng the unsupported statement! of latereeted propagandists?organised or unorganised?they better* the price of cotton is too high and that the South is rapidly growinfl rich at the expense of the consumer! of eotton products.. The producini sections of the country is also becom , lag interested in the facts upor ^ which an estimate of the cost ol eotton production must be based kanilM ttim ara anvinna ?? K? to moot with facts and figures th< inaccurate or prejudiced statement! of those who want to see the pric< of cotton reduced. Many not familiar with farmlnj and some of those who are familial with every detail of cotton produc tion have endeavored to arrive at th< cost of cotton production accordinc to the methods of the accountants as used in manufacturing and othei commercial lines. In fact, this hsa been the method employed by practically a!! who have written on thii subject, but there are certain conditions which make it impossible tc arrive at a conclusion with any assurance of accuracy which will represent the average by the ordinary cost-accounting methods. The reasons whj these generally used methods are nol applicable in estimating the cost oi cotton production are about as follows: First. There are so many factors which largely Influence the cost of cotton production, that are not under the control of the producer, and these vary so widely that a very great number of accurate cost accounts would be necspsary for every section of varying soil and climate on which to make an estimate. Second, farm bookkeeping is ?c difficult, because of- varying conditions, and unknown quantities, which do not enter Into general commercial Kvoi wcouaung sua iarmers are sc little interested or skilled in bookkeeping that a sufficient number ol accurate records do not epcist and foi many, years must remain unattain. able. A very large number of records would be necessary for each section and season for a long term of years and these simply do not exist, nor do the data exist upon which any such re cords could be predicated. In the same soils with the same methods and with the same farmers, the cost of producing a pound of cotton in Alabama, for instance in the year 1916, was easily 2 1-2 to 3 times what it was two years before in 1914. And for the whole cotton tirodurlnir srroa the ir?rlo?Un two years of the same 10 year period may easily bq as much as 35 to 40 per cent because of the differ? ences in yields per acre. In short, .J .with the numerous and large varialioQB from year to year, from farm to farm, and from section to section, making necessary a very large number of records extending over a term of years on which to base an estimate, end in view of the almost total absence, of these records and the impossibility of obtaining them, no estimate of the cost of cotton production in the past, by such a method, is worthy of more than incidental interest. Such a few records we have merely show the estimated cost of producing cotton on the individual farm for which the accounting was done, :*nd for the year or years for which such records were kept. These vary ;BO greatly and are open to such serious critism in so many ways that on the face of them they are worthless as a means of determining the average cost of cotton production for the country as a whole or for even the individual farms to which they apply, except for the specific years to which they apply. Moreover, there are many factors entering into the cost of cotton production for the measuring of which no ready or easy method has yet been devised. The cotton laborer is - entitled to the same pay for the days he works or for the time he devotes .to the making of his cotton crop as is the laborer of a like grade of intelligence and efficiency in other lines. But thn: does not mean, as some have sun- . "1. that he should receive the same i'y money compensation. The cotton laborer may not be able to work ps many days out of the month or year, and for that reason must receive more per day to maintain the s; -e standard of living, or on the other hand he may receive free house, garden, pas ture for cow and the privilege of laboring for day wages when nut engaged in making the cotton crop. To give money value to all these things on the farm is well nigh impossible. There is no market on the farm for these .things to set their values. But if we had the records, which we have not, or if we could by any means get the accurate facts, which we ran not we could then only estimate the average cost of cotton 7 production on this basis for the past years to which the non-existent records might apply. It therefore seems apparent thai by such methods it is impossible tc accurately estimate the cost of cotton production, because of the un usual and ever varying conditions and the almost complete absence o accurate records or data. But there is a method by which w< - can positively ascertain the cost o .?utw production la the past, based ]oa the actual wages or compensation - and living conditions ot those farm-jers who hare actually produced the 'cotton. For the ten year period. 1907 in 191C inclusive, the farmers of the * South received an average farm price ^of 11.8 cents a pound for theii - cotton, based on the actual wages, 1 land values, rent and other items ol I expense entering into the making of 1 cotton for this ten year period. For 1 one or two years unfavorable weath> er condltlltna ? * -* ? ??, ?. uu iuc uiuer uauu, ' over production tnight cause the mar 1 ket price to be less than actual* cost, 1 but when the pendulum swings too > far one way it is bound to swing back * to the other extreme. If profits above ' wages, rents and other costs of pro1 duction existed for more than a year ' (or two, production would be so increased as to depress prices below t cost of production. Therefore, the : best and in fact the only way of getting at the average cost of producing 5 cotton is what the producer has ac' tually received for it over a term of '; years. But it must not be overlooked ". that while an acre of Southern soil 1 averages a higher money return for ',the crop3 produced than the average 1 of most other oections, the values of our lsuids have been much less than * the lands of those sections. More" over, the wages of the men who have produced cotton and consequently their standard of living have been ' low. The results of these conditions , are that laborers are leaving the ' farms for work on public improve menta and in manufacturing, until if , cotton and foodstuffs are to be proi duced in needed quantities in the South, higher wages and a higher ' standard of living on the farms must I (be maintained. The largest items of r expense in making cotton are rent of ' land, horse power and man labor. ' More than labor is required because f I of the peculiar Bgturq Qf the crop jthan in making most other farm > |crops. These are also' the items of expenses which have increased most i under war conditions* ' j Wages have been stf slow for the } farm laborer and the labor income so j small for the renter and farm owner I that the standard of living on the ' Southern farm has been below the standard set in other parts of the ' country and in other lines of work, i If men are expected to stay on Southern farms and produce the food ,and clothing supplies needed, vrages must be raised so that a higher stand ard of living can be maintained. Conditions existing elsewhere must be met. It is not necessary that the farm laborer receive the same hours and wages that the laborers in manufacturing lines receive, but he must receive what he regards as an equivalent in wages and living conditions. The items of cost which enter into the making of a cotton crop in 1918 as compared with the decade 1907 to 1916 have increased from 1 1-5 to 5 times. The cost of man labor, the I P-1N nventor, Davi mpted to sink hnell towing fc nns of a hand-] ten it to the (lunger; then * ? torpedo?too Safeguarding the never markets an t Goodrich Tires, t skill of the oldest and out by the practical Fleets to make then ' ' I 000 : a 1 _ jiiasffi vlii . " v ! | Tor Goodrich re< t ?.. : ?*?? i-i Ill Wl? ? V/lliUJ r" % ; x tire vai. ^ ? SERVICE ; I Whatever** pounds 2 in tires; whatever ! fi i VALUE to roc - ?Jr?TsLii /or/, deflendabi \1 S& And you S . 1 GOODRICH S -{^iipyi BLACK SAF Make sure l ' demanding bij - THE B. F, ? * / J Charlotte Bran< : THE CIT i i lirgeat item in cotton production Is i now 2 to 3 times the average of the ten-year period 1907 to 1916 and ev-| i on at this increase much difficulty j will be experienced and probably still i higher wages will have to be paid to! i get the crop gathered, for cotton can j only be gathered by hand. The cost' , of making the cotton crop of 1918, : ' provided an average yield is made, < ' will be somewhere between 2 and ' 2 1-2 times the average for the previous ten year period, probably neari 2 1-4 times is the closest approximation which can now be mude. Sin'o the price of wheat has been fixed, which owing to the smaller' proportion of the man labor involved [ i in its production has not had its re-: lative cost increased as much as has | cotton, it is of interest to show the ! iintco nuivu ?uem, corn, ana conon will bring if tbe prices are increased, j' 2, 2 1-4 and 2 1-2 times the cost of actual farm prices received for the ten year period, 1907 to 1916: ' Wheat. 96.2 cents per bushel x 2?$1,924 96.2 cents per bushel x 2?$1,924. 96.8c. per bushel x 2 1-4?2.1645. 96.2c. per bushel x .2 1-2?2.405. Corn 61c. per bushel x 2?$1.22. 61c. per bushel x 2 1-4?1,3725. 61c. per bushel x 2 1-2?1.523. Cotton 118.c. per pound x 2?$ .236. 11.8c. per pound x 2 1-4?.2656. 11.8c. per pound x 2 1-2?.295. , From the above facts before us j" I we estimate that with an average yield the average cost of producing a pound of cotton will not be less than 25 cents, nor more then 27 cents >' for the 1918 crop. UNIVERSITY of SOUTH CAROLINA Entrance Examinations. Entrance examinations to ihe University of South Carolina will be I held by the County Superintendent | of Education at the County Court I House Friday, July 12, 1918, at 9 a. m. The University offers varied courses of study in Science, literature, history, law and business. The ex- < penses are moderate and many opportunities for self support are af- , forded. A large number of scholarships are available. War Courses and a variety of courses in applied science, such as wireless telegraphy, | book-keeping, type writing, and ' kindred subjects will be offered. Military training compulsory for J ; freshmen and sophomores. Reserve 1 . Officers' Training Corps. For full 1 ! particulars write to 1 The President 1 ! UXIVERSrtT of SOUTH CAROLINA I Columbia, S. C. I I I Oysters Must Have 8alt. It has been found that oysters can only live in water that contains at least 37 parts of salt to every L000 parts of water. ' I r IN THE LONG R d Bushnell, an American, in 1776 the British warship, Eagle. lis torpedo, charged with powder. Kwer semi-submersible, planned ill of the attacked ship with a rrolode it by clock work. ? much ui on experiment?failed. 1 t user against ta*AMre, Goodrich xperiment, tires or an^<v,{ng clse ' hough built with the experience I largest rubber factory, a; e proved^ road travel of Goodrich Test Gar a in word and deed? IdriciT WE IVES , gf zognizcs but op 2 value in tires? ? on your car end on the road; one VALUE. i of rubber and other material go hours of work and skill, their >torists is their SERVICE, in comlity and durability. ire sure to get it if your tires are ilLVERTOWN CORDS, or ETY TREADS. of economy and security in tires by g, masterful SERVICE VALUE TIRES. . GOODRICH RUBBER CO. :h: 435 S. Church St., Charlotte, N. C. V OF GOODRICH AKROf S etr t * ^4 n?:l?:.< ?te I Professional Cards. i i.lUSON * MULLER , .ittorne^Mt-Uw )/Bc? over Malcolm Mercantile Oo DlbliON, s. t'ructlce iu State and Federal Court* <> T.I OK | 1 V(ioru?*> at-Iat.. Ic . Id. > j :; !>R. C. It. TABEK IMiyeician and Surgeon 1 umce a; residence, No. 5 Harrison t a i c Residence Phone No. 90. ' I McCnidy Bros. A Chevis Civil Engineers ' \. J. Evans, Jr., Resident Engineer Surveys, Designs, Estimates ' HAMLET. N. C. J ueave calls at Evans Pharmacy or address. Box 604. 8. C. HEN8LBB, M. D. Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Spectacles Fitted. Office Hours 9 to 11 and 2 to 4 Evening Hours by Appointment. DR. E. N. GORDON Veterinarian Calls answered Day or Night. Phone Evans* Pharmacy. Dillon, S. C. L. B. HASELDEN Attorney at Law r DILLON, 8. C. -foney to Lend on First Mortgage Real Estate. J. W. JOHNSON Attorney-at-Law Practice in State and Federal Courts Marion, 8. C. DR. J. H. HAMEU, JR. Dentist Office over Peoples Bank. HARGROVE & BRADDT Attorneys-at-Law. XBce first floor People Bank Bldg. TOI.IiON, 8. c. L OPd CtimfiiB *445.06 !<\>rd Runabout 480.08 , ?ord Touring 406.37 ?"ord C oupelet 600.26 ?ord Ti jwn Car 696.50 ^ord Sodan 747.81 ford Ti mck 650.31 Dillon Motor Sales Co.. Dillon, S. C. t*om?body Qoea Wrong. "To kAep on playln* de races." skid Jncle EJben, "a man baa to have a ! <? ' -;-V2 ' i }N ?&$&*iLvfe^ '^ t^Va'?*? 5f* ftii&F*>C S-J OHIO* *"i* V* * i ae??v.y?ur, *? -JS*Iv?*VV&22 Lacks a Home. "De kind of charity dat begins at home," said Uncle Eben, "mos'ly a In' fot no borne." o Littleton CoUege las just closed one of the most sucessful years In its history- The 37th nnual session will begin Sept. 25th. Write for new illustrated cataogue, also and quickly for particuars concerning our special offer to t few girls who can not Day our analogue rates. Address J. M. Ihodes, Littleton, N. C. Be Sure of 1 Before The telephone c frequent intervals for benefit of the telephc Every effort is rr accurate and up-to-c that telephone-users \ making calls. A c number causes delav ance to a third party. Avoid inccnvei cerned by looking uj in the directory befoi Wben you Te SOUTHERN BELL T AND TELEGRAPH I Both ( Producer an Aria Is M v ^ The M ! (The F j The consumer w price for meat. ; The farmer wai i price for cattle. | The packer stai , conflicting demand: possible to complc The packer has r prices of live stock most that can be < that he keep the the two as low as this successfully by into meat and dist 1 at a minimum of < I profit too small to b I farmer's returns for meat bill of the cons |j Swift & Com pan ^ dons in Cattle were Sold Meat to Retailer Sold By-products for Total Receipts iPaid to Cattle Raiser Balance (not paid to Ci f Paid for labor and < Packing House^ Freigl and Cost of operati distributing houses Remaining ix\ Packer' Returns on investmei The net profit was about one-fourth of I of beef. By what other m I ference between cat jjj prices be made sma the conflicting dem f, and consumer be bei | 1918 Year Book of p instructive facts s Address Swift Union Stock Yards, | Swift & Comi ?? ?? ?ggB 1785 IMS COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON, South Carolinas Oldest College 134t3i Year Begins September 97. Entrance examinations at all the county-seats Friday, July 12, at 9 a. ni. Four year courses lead to the B. A. and B. S. degrees. A two year preniedical course iB given. Military training in all courses. A free tuition scholarship is assigned to each coun- % ty of the state. Spacious buildings & athletic grounds, well equipped laboratories, unexcelled library facilities. Expenses moderate. For terms and catalogue, address HARRISON RANDOLPH, President. |6- 20-4tb. the Number Calling iirectory is issued at the information and >ne-using public. lade to keep this list late. It is expected vill consult it before all for an incorrect ^ and possible annoy-" r | nience to all con- ***! , . >? 3 telephone numbers re raHiniS 'I I Upbone?SntiU ELEPHONE (fWj\ COMPANY End d Consumer ) inst 1 fiddle El rants to pay a low j^JM nts to get a high |l m ids between these |r? s, and finds it im- |H ;tely satisfy both. hS 10 control over the |jfl or meat, and the |H expected of him is ? difference between IH possible. He does jW converting animals ||H ributing the meat expense, and at a U e noticeable in the live stock or in the H ;umer. y'l 1917 tranuc- I as follows: H Averse* Per Hm< for . . $68.97 |H 93.06 . . . 84.45 H kttle Raiser) 8.61 II expenses at tit on Mest, II ng Branch IB . . 7.32 UJB hands as taiH it ... $ 1.29 |H i $1.29 per head, or |M a cent per pound H ethod can the dif- |H tie prices and beef |H ller, and how can i tands of producer gS tter satisfied ? jj ' interesting and ent on request. SH ft Company, |H , Chicago, Illinois >any,U.S.A. |