The dispatch-news. [volume] (Lexington, S.C.) 1919-2001, April 27, 1921, Image 5
COOPER^
2. What Constitutes Marketing.
Clemson College, April 15.?The
first article of this series stated that
-v the problem which cooperative marketing
by growers is expected to solve
Is, "How may the grower obtain a
larger share of the consumer's dollar?"
It* would be well now to explain
what constitutes marketing of
a commodity, as there is much mystification
on the subject. Marketing a
crop includes all those steps through
which a crop is put In passing from
the grower to the consumer. There
are a number of these steps.
In the first place, the crop or commodity
must *be concentrated or assembled
into lots of marketing size
and similar grade and quality. Growers
frequently sell -their crop in a
j lump, the good with the bad, the total
/ amount to a small lot of mixed grades. t
Consumers do not buy this way, however,
and therefore somebody must
tnkq the crops composed of a mixture
of grades from a great many farmers
and assemble from them even running
lots suitable for supplying the demands
of consumers. *
Xot only must crops be concentrated
and graded, but since consumers
cannot immediately purchase the entire
crop as soon as it is harvested, a
part of the crop must bo warehoused
and protected until such time as there
is aeniana tor it i/om consumers.
i>omo farm commodities require o-ly
shelter while some require cold storage.
Some may he held a short time
and some a long time. A part of practically
every important crop, is warehpused
or 'stored in some way before
it is consumed.
AJost crops also require treatment,
processing, manufacturing or some
kind of additional handling which enhances
the value, after the grower
disposes of it.
Transportation is another of the
steps in marketing that come between
the growing and the consuming
of most of our farm crops.
'Fxpcrt Salesmanship and Financing
Most liii|K>rtant
Farmers seldom use expert sules~
manship in disposing of their crops
individually, and consumers seldom
buy these crops until after someone
has applied expert salesmanship at
one or more points on the journey
from the grower to the consumer.
Therefore we may consider that expert
salesmanship is one of the most
essential stops in marketing.
) Another important step in marketing
is the ilnanclng of the movement
of commodities from grower to
consumer. Orowers ordinarily receive
cash for the commodity when
delivered at the first or primary mar
mutual advantage of growers and
consumers. Cooperative marketing
would reduce expense, eliminate
waste, and add eflleleney wherever
possible in the various steps in marketing.
Wherever the commodity is
being handled as efficiently as possible
already the cooperative association
would lalje no action.
It is remarkable that some growers
object to cooperative marketing on
the ground that it would take the
marketing of their crops out of their
individual hands and would interfere
with their liberty of action. Such
grower should reflect upon the value
that such liberty has been to them In
MARKETING
the past, and whether after all some
middleman does not perform practically
all the steps in the actual marketing
of the commodi . His liberty
of action only allocs him to dump
his crop in competition with every
other grower, whereas cooperative
-marketing would eliminate such selling
competition among members of
an association and would encourage
buying competition among buyers.
-Just how this is done is a part of the
plan which will be taken up In later
articles of this series.
3. Deficiencies Of The Individual Farmer
As a Market Man
Having seen dn the last article that
marketing of a farm crop includes
assembling or concentratir n, grading,
warehousing, processing, transportation,
financing, salesmanship and re,tailing,
we should readily understand
why the farmer acting as an
individual is such a poor merchant
of his own products. Acting alone he
can do very little with any of the
various steps in marketing. Usually
at the very first step .that of assembling
the commodity, the title, passes
from the grower to a "middleman"
and all subsequent steps In marketing
are performed by middlemen.
Sometimes a grower will warehouse a
part of his crop and, if he is a large
grower, may grade the crop and later
sell it by grade. By far the great majority,
hou'evcr, put their crops on
the market soon after harvesting, accepting
in payment the current cash
value and accepting also the more or
less arbitrary grading of the buyer.
This j rico is usually too low because
of the fact that markets are
being glutted, and the grading is frequently
unfair to growers for no
reason except that buyers know
grades and growers do-not.
As Individual Seller. Grower Competes
Wltli Grower.
Acting as individuals in selling,
growers have to compete with one another.
this competlton resulting fre
quenuy in prices neiow coBt .01 production.
It seems that regardless of
how economically a crop may have
been produced, there are always some
growers whose financial condition
compels them to sell whether or not
they get the cost of production. This
number who must sell is sutllcient to
break the market and compel a!!
other growers to accept losing prices.
Profits from farming are, through our
individual methods , of marketing,
thus maintained at low levels, and
this is of course reflected in our low
scale of living.
Farming is generally regarded as
a production business rather than as
a selling business. Practically all of
the farmer's energies, physical and
mental, are spent in economical production.
He has little time and little
capacity for studying marketing conditions;
and. acting as an individual,
he can do nothing to correct poor
conditions even if lie were as well informed
as the expert middlemen
who handle the marketing.
Why 15crate Middlemen'.'
In spite of these facts, when the
grower brings his crop to the market
lie is put in the absurd position ot
matching his wits with experts who
have made life studies of how to buy
lowest and sell highest. Moreover,
every middleman who handles his
crop is a pai of an interlocking econitmic
system the tendency of which
is in pay in growers me lowest possible
price and exact from consumers
the highest possible price. This,
however, is no reason for berating
middlemen. The work which they
do is in most cases necessary. Their
ranks include our bankers, merchants,
railroads, warehousemen, manufacturers,
and others in addition to
speculators. The only question that
can he asked about middlemen is,
can the work they are doing be done
more economically in some other
way? The advocates of cooperative
marketing say that it can be done
more economically in many cases by
the growers acting together through
cooperative marketing associations.
All are agreed that growers acting individually
could not do as well as our
''present set of middlemen.
Successful Cooperatives Pointing The
Way.
There are enough successful cooperative
marketing associations now
doing'business to point the way. The
Qiiliippt luiss liopnnin itorhnntt tlio Hvosf
agricultural topic in America. Growers
of every kind of commodity are
studying the principles underlying the
successful cooperative marketing associations
with the idea of applying
these principles to their own commodity.
These principles will he explained
in later articles.
v Ideal.
Mrs. North: "My husband spends
all his evenings at the club."
Mrs. West: "What a happy home
life you must have!"?American Legion
Weekly.
at
J,
Uot place. The produce may not be
put through the necessary processes,
reach the merchants* shelves and l?e
finally sold to the consumer in whose
possession it disappears from commerce
until months afterward, lnjbhe
meantime somebody has capital invested
in the commodity, and interest
must be paid for the use of such capital.
Hence, financing the movement
of a cotnmoditry, especially non-perishable
commodities, is one of tinimportant
steps in marketing.
Still another step in marketing but
one which is of loss immediate importance
to the growers because so
far removed-> from them is the final
IVlUlllllfe "I till' llllllIIMIUnj illll'l 11 lias I
been through the other stops,
licit! Marketing More Than Dumping
on Primary Markets
Summarizing the various stops, wo
see that marketing crops consists of:
(1) Concentration or assembling of
the commodity: (2) (trading and
standardizing: (3) Warehousing, storing.
processing; (4) Transportation:
(5) Financing: (fi) Expert salesmanship:
(71 Final retailing.
From this we see that marketing a
commodity means more than hauling
it as soon us produced to the nearest
corn i titration point and dumping it
for whatever price may be offered on
a glutted primary market. Marketing
only begins when that is done,
and the wide differences between the
growers' receipts and consumers' prices
indicate that those who look after
the various steps in marketing exact
very good wages indeed for their services.
In fact, in some of these
steps farmers are coming to believe
that economies might he effected
through cooperative marketing to the
SEC. WALLACE
ASKED TO SPEAK
TOFARMERS
\ >
Columbia, April 25.-?Hon. Henry
C. Wallace, secretaVy of agriculture,
has been Invited to deliver an address
at the semi-artnual meeting of the
South Caroling. Division if the American
Cotton Association, which will be
held in Columbia at Craven Hall on
Wednesday, May 4 at noon. Senators
Dial and Smith are urging his acceptance
of the invitation and definite an
on^r m v.\|revieu wnnin nie next iew
days.
The meeting on May 4 will be devoted
to co-operative marketing and
on that day plans for the formation
of a state-wido co-operative marketing
association will be outlined. Pre'
limitary meetings have been held in
different sections of the state- -and
officials of the association believe that
the people are ready for the campaign.
On Tuesday, May 3,' a central committee
composed of 24 representative
farmers will meet and formulate plans
/
for the formation of the association.
These plans will be announced at the
meeting on Wednesday.
Every farmer in South Carolina is
invited to the meeting on May 4 and
it is expected to be the biggest meeting
of farmers ever held in South
(Carolina. Fifty delegates have been
named from every county in the state
but everybody is welcome to the meeting
whether they are delegates or
not, or whether they are members of
the cotton association or not.
ILKKSVILLK WILL HAVE THE
POTATO CURING HOUSE
The onward march of the "boll
weevil" is making it necessary that
the farmers diversify his crop to aid
in meeting the issue, the sweet pota,to
lends its enchantment, the curing
and saving ol' It has been its hindrance.
For some time a whisper here
.and there has been heard of making
preparation to save the potato, until
/ a few days ago this, this whisper
became audible, when a meeting of
Leesville citizens was held in the
Town Hall and a committee appointed.
to make investigation. This committee
did its duty and made a re.port
of its tindings, and today the
business men of Le.esville in session,
determined to build a Potato Curing
House, anjl they now wish to say
through your valuable paper, that the
farmer may plant the Porto Rico
sweet potato with the assurance of
a house in which to cure and save
them, and a market upon which to
sell them, whether before or after
they are cured.
It is absolutely essential that for
market purposes the Porto Rico potato
be planted, besides its yield is
more proline and its,, growth more
healthy.
Farmers, learn to quit the one crop
system, begin to diversify?before
ruin stalks at your door.
Plant the Porto Rico potato with
i the assurance that Leesville will have
you a market for them, and a house
in which to cure them.?Leesville
News.
Kl'GAIt CAM: IN
SOI."Til CAROLINA
! Clemson College, April 15.?One
way in which A. H. Ward, county
i agent of Darlington, is promoting diI
versification is in the encouragement
given to farmers to grow sugar-cane
for sirup. Through its efforts a great
many farmers will plant small acreages
in sugar cane. One car of sugarcane
for seed has already been ship1
ped in and sold, and a company has
| been organized to manufacture cane
| sirup for the farmers. This company
i will establish an up-to-date sirup mill
; at a cost of $5,000.00, and the manu*
facture of sirup will be in the hands
of an experienced sirup maker.
County Agent Ward's slogan is that
every landlord and tenant should
produce suillcient sirup for home use
this year and should save enough seed
(for a larger crop next year.
Tteports from other county agents
?sh(?w considerable revival of interest
in the growing of sugar cane in the
lower part of the state, where excellent
yields of a superior quality of
sirup are easily made.
i SIMPLE COMBINATION
HELJPS WEAK EYES
Lexington people are astonished at
' the quick results produced by simple
' witch hazel, camphor, hydrastis, etc.,
i un iiu.\t-u in i^iivoihik eye wasn. in
! one case of weak and nearsighted
, eyes a few days use brought great
improvement, in another case it stop.
ped eye trains and inflammation. We
I guarantee a small battle of Lavoptik
( to help any ease weak, strained or inflamed
eyes. Aluminum eye cup
free. Harmon Drug Co.
I
/
(COWPEAS AN EXCELLENT HAY
IF CROP IS PROPERLY CURED
If ;eut at the\right stave of growth
and properly handled, cowpcaa make
excellent hay of high feeding value.
The Bureau of Plant Industry of tho
(United States Department of Agriculture
shows In Farmers' Bulletin j
1153, issued recently, that this hay Is {
as valuable as that from other le gumlnous
crops, and is relished by
all farm animals.
i Throughout the 'Southern States
cowpea hay has been extensively
lton/1 I- ?- - " '
o..u u me jimiii ucpenaence ior
:hay on the plantations. Well-cured
cowpod. hay has proved satisfactory
for work stook and tor beef or milk
production, and has given good results
when fod to poultry, hogs, and
sl?*}ep. It is said to be better suited
for feeding cows than horses. Partly
on this accouht and partly because
of the difficulty often experienced in
properly curing the large growth of
sucqplent vines, and its coarseness
and -uneSenness in quality, cowpea
hay has little standing in the city
markets. When It becomes generally
recognized that this hay is a source
of protein which can be raised on
the farm, the quality of high-priced
concentrated feeds purchased for
young animals or dairy cows will be
very materially reduced.
As a rule, cowpeas should not be
cut for hay before the pods begin to
turn yellow. The best quality is pro.duced
and the hay cures more readily
if the vines are cut when most of
.the pods are full grown and a large
number of them are mature. If cut
before this stage the vines are watery
and difficult to cure, while if left too
late befgre cutting there will be an
unnecessary loss of leaves in handling
and the fttpmn will ho nmrt. ""J I
' woody.
Copies of Farmers' Bulletin 1153,
containing Information as to the
preparation of cowpeas 'for various
.uses, may be had upon request of the
^United States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.
FEASTUfG IX ODD ROME
Those who think the Thanksgiving
table is _ the limit in plenty might
consider a small part of> the menu
of a state dinner in the time of Nero.
It should be remembered that everyone
ate everything that was served,
and when the stomach was stuffed to
its -physical limit there were long
feathers at hand to tickle the tHroat
and relieve the feaster of what he had
-alrdrfoy-1' gorged- himself with. - The
meals were eaten with the diners at
.full_ length on cushions with their
heads resting on the laps of slave
girls. One feast Included:
Dormice stewed with honey and
pepper, sausages nerved on individual
stoves, plums with kernels of pomegranates,
pea-hen eggs with wheat
ears hidden in the center, peas, beef
kidneys, African eggs, custard, lobster,
fowl crammed with nuts, paps
of a sow powdered with crystal
sugar, rabbit larded with fish 11ns,
reslishes, wild boar, dates, almonds,
little pigs ?tuffed with sweet meats,
blackbirds' tongues, grapes. locust
fried in honey, "honey flavored jelly,
blocks encasing broiled humming
birds, breads, cheese cakes, whole
thrushes with hones removed, stienr
\o+l crusted with caviat. haunch of
a bear, fried snails, cold tarts, dipred
in boiling honey. bacon dripped
with goose liver gravy, chitterlings,
eels stulY'.d with branched peaches,
salad of chestnuts, pickles and hearts
of roses, vim?h.ivored whipped cream
floatln;; <?ii chilled turtle soup, and
many, many r her dishes, washed
down v. ith cvei one hundred varieties
of wine.? Hetrcit News.
1'REK FERTILIZERS
Clemson College, April 15.?The
idea of getting nitrogen from the
air and potash from the soil is being
driven home in a series of meetings
in Saluda county under the leadership
of County Agent J. M. 'Eleazer.
This county agent reports one
instance in which a farmer whose
land was poor to begin with grew 5
crops of bur clover, after which he
produced last season two bales of cotton
per acre with no fertilizer except
200 pounds of acid phosphate. A
field meeting for the benefit of neighboring
farmers is to be held on this
farm early in May.
Great interest is manifested in various
parts of the state in soil building
and many colls nre being received
by the Extension agronomist for help
in soil building campaigns. There is
little doubt that legumes are going to
play a much more prominent part in
our cropping systems in the future.
Dqliavc!
"Gladjs celebrated her birthday
last week", announced ^ltce.
i "Did she take the day off?" inquired
Virginia.
"The day? She took about two
i years off."?American Degion Weekly,
? if
i
? ?
JOBBERS STEAL
CANCELED CHECKS
1
' Chicago, April 15.?Six armed bant
. dita, 'who held up-two bank messengers
on an Illinois Central train early
today, captured two satchels containing
$638,000 worth of canceled
checks. The robbery was elaborately
planned, two of the bandits following
the messengers when they board
ed the train at a downtown station
and the other four Joining them half
a 'mile south. The robbers left the
train ai twenty-second street, and escaped
in a taxicab.
' mmmm
Seeking - Information
An English clergyman who was
nailing up a refractory creeper observed
a young lad watching him for
a long time with obvious interest,
"Well, my young friend," he said
smilingly, "are you trying to get a
hint or two or gardening?"
"No," said the youth.
"Are you surprised to see me working
like this?"
"No! I do be waiting to see what
a parson do say when he hammers
his thumb!"
| ASPIRIN
Nam? "Bayer" on Genuine
Take Aspirin only as told in each
package of genuine Bayer Tablets or
Aspirin. Then yon will be following
the directions and dosage worked out
by physicians during 21 years, and
proved safe by millions. Take no
ichances with substitutes. If you see
the Bayer Cross on tablets, you can
take them without fear for Colds,
Headache, Neuralgia, Rheumatism,
Earache, Toothache, Lumbago and
fcor Pain. Handy tin boxes of twelve
tablets cost few cents. Druggists also
sell larger packages. Aspirin is the
trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of
Monoaceticaci/lester of Salicylicacid.
SLOW v
DEATH
Aches, pains, nervousness, difficulty
in urinating, often \nean
serious disorders. Hie world's
standard remedy for kidney, liver,
bladder and uric add troubles?
COLBMEBAL
bring quick relief and often ward cff
deadly diseases. Known aa the tta
remedy of Holland for more than 200
years. All druggists, In three sixes.
Leek for tho mmmm Gold Medal en ?*?? Ux
aad accept ee imitation r
_ 4 -
Service PIl
Means Sh
We fit shoes properly (
life, better looks and
shoes. Therefore shot
be had at
The B
H. H. Pow<
1508 Main Street,
Massaging
Shampooing
The A LaModi
1310 Main St.,
(Uti
W'K MAKE A SPECIALTY
KINDS OF 1
Special Sk^p Treatment
Henna Pack
fjyui
,
Stop Those Headaches
WALTER'S
H: -A.' .
V
WILL RELIEVE THEM
Ninety per cent of constant
heacaches are caused from
eye strain. Stop in and let WM
|. v*~ / . -jf-.
us examine those eyes and
stop those headaches.
Eyes Examined . ^ > J
Glasses Fitted
0. L. Walter Optical Co.
1221 Main Street. ColnmW, S. C.
Charleston and Florence. S. C.
V. : > V f ' I _ * >
SHOES
jflUn
THE KIM) THAT/WEABS
EAST AND CONGEST
We are always prepared to serve our
^Lexington friends from- a largo
I stock of dependable Shoes for even;
| kind of wear, in all leathers and sixes.
The "Family Shoe Stcro of Colsfisbta."
' * '' '
Fanners' Medium and Heavy Worlc
Shoes a Specialty.
E. P. & F. A. DAVIS
1710 Main St.. Columbia. S. C
?-?BBS?
US Comfort
oe Values
'
or no sale) hence longer
added comfort to your
i values are always to
I
v "j - ;
- '< %
ooterie
ill, Manager.
Colombia, S. C.
,vi>v ;&> 1; V- vn. V '??,
Mtrcelle Waving I
Hair DreMing
e Beauty Parlor,
Columbia, S. C.
OF HEX A PACKS AND AJLIj
a AIR GOODS
ForJEngagmeut
Phone 2272