University of South Carolina Libraries
THE BIG FIVE 4 Dtatnags, Uim, Cultivation, Organic Matter and Soluble Fartlllxara Ha> qui rod in Soil Improvement. By N. B. Winter*, Agronomist. The five factors to consider in handling our soils are drainage, Uma, cultivation, organic matter and soiCM? fertilizers. * The direct bearing of any ons of these five factors on the management af any particular soil, depends on conditions. Drainage. EJv*ry cnbic Inch of good soil contains millions of microscopic organcalled bacteria, which are bnsy to bring about chemical ..? .. ? ?uuoiiu? JHQIIi> umnraci | available and destroying toxic substances in the soil. These little bac terta must have air. If too much waiter Is present In the soil, the beneficial bacteria can not work to the best advantage; substances that arc toxic to field crops are developed and desirable chemical changes do not take place. In order to give the plant a good sanitary home in which to grow drainage is absolutely necessary. < Lima. The practice of applying lime In some form has been followed for a long time, especially in European countries. The beuettclal effects following Its use have been appreciated by the practical European farmers since ancient times. Strange to say, the need of lime is unrecognized or ignored in some localities In the United States today under conditions which really make it a very important factor In the Big Five. Lime Needed in Eastern United States. With modern methods of cnltlvatloa and the use of commercial fertilizers, the lime content of practically all ruaicm wjiis iH graaunny depleted 1 from year to year. Even the llmentooe I lands of New York, Virginia, Ken- 1 tacky and Tennessee are responding to the wise use of lime by the farmer* of these states. Loss of Limestone. Under best of cropping conditions from 300 to 500 pounds of limestone i*re annually lost in the drainage water from each acre of cultivated soli where the rainfall varies from 35 to 06 Inches or more per year. Crops use an average of about 32 pounds limestone per acre per year, and an average of 200 pounds or more of limestone should be available at all times in each acre during the growing season for combining with the soluble nitrogen formed by bacterial action. Xfe? best advice Is to use the formwnicii gives ihe largest amount of calcium for the money, considering (ho percentage of purity, fineness and price delivered. (The ease and cost of application should also be considered.) Some men who are paid for boosting o* tbe ?ther form of lime would have us believe that oue form is far superior to other forms; but average practical. results and experiment data do not show this to be the case. Bulletin 180 of the Tthcde Island Experiment Station sb >ws results of five years' work in fivor of burned dime than most experiment station data dhows to date. ' The conclusion in this bulletin is that 80 mesh limestone has the sanis ? effect the first year as burned or hy rated lime of same calcium oxide equivalent per acre. The coarser particles seemed to have little effect during the first two years after application, but during the third 9*0*1 fourth and fifth years the 10 mesh limestone showed greater activity than an equivalent amount of bydrateb lime. All Forms Become Same In Sell. Either the burned or hydrated forms ooon revert to natural limestone on exposure to air and moisture. Dr. Mo Intyre found that this reversion was complete in 3 to 5 days after application, and his work would also indicate that in the practice of applying lime the burned or hydrated forms may revert in large measure to the natural limestone previous to cdhtact with the noil. In case of doubt, consult your county agent as to which form of lime to buy, considering the percentage of purity and the price of the products delivered. Cultivation, Orcarvic Matter, Fertilizers. Each one of these three ure Just as Important for confederation as drainage or lime; but space forbids an adequate discussion of any one of the live big factors. Plowing and tillage aerate the soil, Improve the tilth or physical condition and foster beneficial chemical and biological changes in the soli. They also kill weeds. Organic matter holds a large amount j of plant nutriments, furnishes food for I the bacteria in the soil, conserves soil ! moisture, improves pnyalcal. condition of soil and*the products produced by Its decay help to make the pbos- I phoric acid and potash available for : crops. Commercial fertilizers are profitably used because of supplying to certain oils mineral nutriments in which those wo 11a may be actually deficient. Fertilizers often assist In malfinjj plant nutrients available or lu ovor- ' omlng toxic conditions In the ooLL ANNUAL COMJWE^CEMENT AT FURMAN UNIVERSITY. Greenville, June 9.?Furnian University has just closed its sixty-sixth annual session with a remarkable commencement. Commencen^ent began on Sunday with the baccalaureae sermon delivered by Dr. Edwin C. Dargan, of Nashville, Tenn., and the address before the Y. M. C. A. by President E. W. Sikes, of Coker Col- < lege, Monday morning President * McGlothlin was formally installed in 1 ofice. The principal address was * made by President Emory W. Hunt, 1 of Rucknell University, Lewlsburg, 1 Pu. This was followed by the lnau- 1 gural address delivered by Dr. Mc- ' Giothlin and by greetings from Trustees and Faculty, students and Alumni. various organizations in the city ] of Greenville, and many educational < istitutions including the .University of t Virginia,* Universty of South Carolna, t Wntlirop College, Presbytferian Col- * lege. Tennessee College for Women, 1 and others. Monday afternoon a s very large gathering of the Alumni ? took place in the annual meeting anu ? banquet. This was followed by address delivered by Dr. J. C. Metcalf, 1 head Professor of English in the University of Virginia. Tuesday morning occurred the cominoncenijent proper. Addresses were delivered by four of the graduating class," medals and diplomas were presented and three honorary egrees were conferred; the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon Rev. J. 1L Mitchell, of Ebenezer, S. C., the degree of Doctor of Laws on Rev. Z. ? T. Cody, and'the degree of Doctor of ^ Literature on Rev. E. C. Dargan. Tliere were 33 graduates, most oi n these obtaining the degree of Bachelor of Arts. President McGlothlin announced several additions to theFaculty for next year. Professor Lueco Gunter, ? SCHOLARSHIP AND ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA The examination for the award of^ vacant scholarships in the University of South Carolina and for admission of new students will be held at the county court house on Friday, July 9, at 9 a. ni. Applicants must not be less than sixteen years of age. When scholarships, are vacant after July 9, they will be awarded to those making the highest average at examination, provided they meet the conditions governing the award. Applicants for # scholarships should write to President Currell for scholarship examina- j lion blanks. These blanks, properly I filed out by the applicant, should be j filed with President "CnrreT by July * Scholarships are worth $100, free tuition and fees, total $158. The next session will open Sept. 15, 1920. For further information and catalog, address President W. S. Currell, Columbia, S. C. Rest Remedy '"or Stomach Trouble. "I am pleased to have the opportunity to say a g6od word for Chamberlain's Tablets," writes Mrs. Mamie Bertel of Moberlv. Mo. "I thinu thev arc the best remedy for stomach troubles. biliousness and constipation I have ever used. I have taken them off and on for two or three years and they always* relieve indigestion, tone up the liver and make me feel fine. EVERY USER A BOOSTER Electric power saves time and labor on the farm, to say nothing of the conveience, safety and comfort of electric lights in the home and around the farm buildings. Delco-Light brings dependable electric service to any farm at low cost. B. H. BARRE Dealer LEXINGTON, S. C. DEIC0U6HT \&Ioo?rlcl<k _/6r j&v&Ty JFmxrm'y ?1 State Superintendent of Rural School*, becomes Professor of Education. Proressor R. N. Daniel, bf Georgetown, Ky., becomes head I*rofessor of English. Professor W. H. Coleman, of Misissippi Colege, Clinton, Miss., becomes associate Professor of English. Dr. Livingston T. Mays, of Ridgecreat, ST. C., becomes Instructor in Spanish ind Latin-American Life. Dr. George it. Wilkinson, of Johns Hopkins, be:omes Instructor in Biology and Phyjiology as pre-medical work. Mr. E. K. Plyer becomes assistant Profissor if Physics. President McGlothlin also innounced that there would be an additional professor in the Depart aient 01 vmrisuamty, and perhaps I jthers added duriner the summer. i SUMMER SCHOOL. The Furratan Summer School for prospective students who have not jnough units to enter college this fall, md Tor teachers who wish some furher work 'in methods or in subjects, ,vill open on June 15th with a strong 'acuity. The indications are that the iuminer school will be well attended md that the student body will be rreatly increased for next session. rifE SHORT COURSE FOR CLUB BOYS Clemson College, June 9.?A change, n the dates of the short course for, ?lub Boys has been made, and tho ourse will be given July 13 to 23 inclusive instead of as formerly an- . lounced. Club boys are urged to renember that this opportunity is open " o all club members, the provision >eing that two winning members from sach county are given scholarship and iny othprs who attend pay expenses. Watch! Men! Don't Fail t U. S. Wool* 1442 Ma C0LUMB1 . ^ 4ft ?? _ Gar We are carrying a full line c and Oils at our new Garage, an* your every need at lowest price; Our Snarantee goes with ever Emergency calls answered an No matter what the trouble ir Snelgi New G Augusta Road, Just Off Main Stree LEXINGTC CANNING , Dont grow a good garden anc tables are plentiful. Can your down your grocery bills next supply of canned fruits and veg economical but healthful. PRI< Packers' Cans, 2 1-16 openin crated 500, No. 3 cans, per 1.000 FRUIT JARS Masan Fruit .Jars' one qt. size, E-Z Seal. " CANNING All sizos at very LORICK B1 COIjBSIBIA, S. O. / / ? The scholarship boys have only .their railroad fare to pay, while others attending pay also a small fee of one dollar per day. The total expense therefore, even for those who pay this fee, will not be great, and every club boy who can should seize the opportunity to spend a wholesome, pleasant, and profitable vacation. The instruction given will cover the various phases of practical agricul-1 ture, and will be given by regular members of the agricultural faculty. The lectures ard other class instruction will be confined to mornings, tl^o afternoons to be devoted to practical demonstrations In and orchard, and to recreation. Special \ ^attention is to be given to recreation and an opportunity to know at^put the institution and its work as a whole. " Last year a "i-ancaster County club boy attended the short course, kept his eyes open, and later went down to thfe State Fair at Columbia a'nd won $100. prize in the livestock judging contest. This year there will be selected ^rom those who attend the short course three boys making ihe highest record In ? livestock judging to represent the boys' clubs of South Carolina in the Livestock Judging Contest at Southeastern Fair in Atlanta next fall. The team that scores highest; in this, contest and the boy that makes the highest score will be given a free trip to England to attend the Royal livestock show in "^London. V * * Boys in all classes of club work man attenu the short course. Information concerning the short course can be 6btained from the county agent in each county. , T* ? i I ' jfr 'ft ' i Thursday's Record and? | The State for the j I greatest clothing drive | ever attempted in the city of Columbia. :o Attend This Sale ;n Mills Co. . .. ill Street 1A; S.4C. =?r 1 New ... * m age >f Auto Accessories, Gasoline i we are prepared to supply s. y job we put out. iy hour day or night. lay be, bring that car to us. | rove'S iarage t E. C. Snelgrove, Mgr. IN, S. C. SUPPLIES 4 ; I then lose it because vegej fruits and vegetables. Cut winter by laying up a goodly etables. This food is not only :es g, with solder hemmed caps $42 00 AND CAPS per gross 9 75 " 10 75 OUTFITS lowest prices. JOTWPUQ l%\/ a X 1U1\U rnOXE 498 i t? < \ ' y * CKNTRAJU SOflLOOLi DOTS. The health ofthe community is very good at this writing. Crops are very good in this section, but they are late.Mr. J. F. Hutto and family Sunday, urday night, but we are glad to hear that he is better now. Mi>s. Parthenla Barrs has been very low for some time and we are sorry to hear that she is not any better. Mrs. J&nle Hutto and children spent Saturday night with Mrs. Henry Clianey. Mr. B. B. Hutto and family visited Red Arrow 1 a Corner Snmter and COLUMI i Gasoline, Oils and Ladies Rest Roor Ice Cool Sanitary The Prettiest Plac Lexington folk*, avail yourselves will be welcome. PROPT SE YOU WAIT. WE SELL RE-B1 FORD | Have several 1919 and Starters, just about as \ need of a car see us. If you want we will get it: Columbia Re I 931 Gervais Street I t~ (1ALVSN1 We are just in receipt of a cs of 2-inch Gal vanized Pipe, ai Car of Galvanized Roofing ei We are Agents foi Columbia 823 Gervais St. \ \ a Ha vt/MI *u?"vr j W aiiUW til1 ment in the worl tire better than 1 I ..fact But we advertise have the oppor you first hand o .5, _ * 1 : u < i " mm \0\k\ I We Have Goodyea Mr. J. F. Hutto and fami!y visited Mr. J. F. Hutto Sunday. Mr. A. J. Jefcoat and family visited Mr. J. H. Hutto Sunday aftornohn. Mr. Luther *??les Visited Mr. J. A. Jeff coat Sunday afternoon and JlCr. Luther Miles and Miss Lena Mae Jeffcoat and also her sister went to Pelion Sunday night to the tent meeting. f. - blue botJ-^1^? Heavy, Heavy. Dobbs?Time must hang heavily your hands. Nobbs?Why? Dobbs?Well, you wear such a large Ej|| wrist-watch.?London Tit-Bits. ???7~~T ' 'filing Station Washington Streets }IA, S. C. Greases n 1 , , Drinking mountain #/ :e in South Carolina of oar Ladies Rest Room. Yam RVICE GUARANTEED WHILE j (I -j i. ' '0m It- ?; . >. n y? ?J ======= UILT AND USED f CARS , 1920 models with self- j good as new. When in we have not got what for you. 1- . 1J i & ; tfv; -Ford Agency COLUMBIA, S.C ' - ZED PIPE ir of Pipe containing 15,000 feet id an assortment of other sizes, iroute, some in stock. * South Bend Lathes Supply Co. COLUMBIA, S. C. " . [ e best advertiseid cannot make a ; t is built at the ory? i so that we may tunity to inform f the benefits to i derived by using ioodyear I Tires i'j We Explain to Yan 1%-day? , . 2 A J. cuof' GILBERT """ ^ ^