University of South Carolina Libraries
EX[11SIS Of ToMN J PilosphcalDicusio _ofth AmaingTriueo emn an.heRaon heeo It haI ensi hteeycret ittnsnenecnansoeie Un nyoe vr luei h r issuohiate partsio of thatie ma ngust rpnude of hchtera raphsar the [necssa rheefordi :te has. eenaly thevery correct-y Sitten booentecains o an only en idea. oe thtevery ceihep r mkes is a uorna part cotibu one. Itfulotherefyoretat ifone ould gnldeand Eany snte sen nee, ubrnt paratrah oo cath in ao musty creadl it enmn ate ciiht thesonest reae idea ofwh the book i .rph rethe UntyeofGrmye bcr Noa epaitizatinawhlhy a everrcl frisetute bo cntarinstate and l roes it Germn civiiclariontofito ayn. Itfolwesk thrwo hat if ni-: ous nwerstmand any ige Onea-. mureiis Gemnapinopy inothert the oera idtie of the absoluite az-hoet; Unthese e-emntsafn ec man lite sonierld iluereas sub odiae rar similar law of unity. /.1 aos the hgera uiiatn ofe to lau. I whe atrs wht the ueiwho inileofn Ekran civilibutesin, van iaord mate phi osoh. uniyothe ~iThe woerdmr adoctreiea thc acon tats Athe e th German ivia-~ the wyorem uiur G neransultr in des no~'~t ;neel the e mean ofby 'man glishr osrd ultrelhu asob ryinater rm of( lifjen navity . an thell i ect theyrm aen spresst threr tiivs whether ith'o' lit gushed rcm ien e vlument3.'e n ed te' preaing o pap roin-~' ?~~~li~eP othi uni ty e of t-ma Thion ind some o ithleadn s inpth ike,'toGrn vi za teswor. De~tr HGvrm ays "uFor the .ie nttisrepec wht we mpoed to r nliple wKdulturenoe he aln acihru' hrouveme his, the menta anitllcnd oute ofma onearicu c the origin Pf ter ide in-I iontjlov rof it moedhae a SThe w Free to all the market. While her up-to-the-n WAG( HARN MOW Prompt hTho Don't Fo COULD HARDLY STAND ALONE Terrible Suffering From Headache, Sideache, Backache, and Weak ness, Relieved by .Cardui, Says This Texas Lady. Gonzales, Tex.- Mrs. Minnie Phil pot, of this place, writes: "Flve years ago I was taken with a pain in my left side. It was right under mny left rib. It would commence with an aching and extend up Into my left shoulder and on down into my back. By that time the pain would be so severe I would have to take to bed, and suffered usually about three days ..I suffered thIs way for three years, and got to be a mere skeleton and was so weak I could hardly stand alone Was not able to go anywhere and had to let my house work go. . . suffered awful with a pain in my back and I had the headache all the time. I just was unable to do a thing. My life wans a misery, my stomach got in an awful condition, caused from taking so much medicine. I suffered so much pain. I had just about given up all hopes of our getting anything to help me. One day a Birthday Almanac was thrown in my yard. After reading its testimonials I decided to try Car duii, and am so thankful that I did. for I began to improve when on the second bottle.. .1 am now a well woman and feeling fine and the curo has bcen piermanent for It has been two years since my awful bad health. I will always praise and recommend' Cardul." Try Cardul today. E '78 ben;1re yeairs af!w the defeat of Ger many ;'t Aan in 1800. Prior to the ri..e oif Na poleon. (Germans had been g-eat adimirer4 of i'rench. idleas. Frenc'. -am j.uage :an 1ilite'ratnire were the fa ror ite situdies of IFrederk k the Grm~L an I othe'rs of the l.igher classes. (.\m.'s hindered 1.v ' gi.nrg.) A reaction came. as a result of the tyranny of Napole on. The ampostle who voiced the ideas 1of the new age was F'ichi~c, the pihilos opher. In 1808 in a series of add~ress es in Perlin, addressed to the Gehr man nation he outlined the new the ory. It included the following ele ments.: First, the Germanm language is tnet one original an. primitive lan guage of Europe; second, the Ger mans are the one original people of 'Europe. Now, because this race with this primitive language is original, it contains the most important elements of all civilization, It follows logically -that Germany was divinely ordained to impart its own original and pecul iar ideas to the rest of the world. Em bedded in this general notion it is easy to discover other ideas. One is that the other- peoples of Erop na infer Tob e are glad to SHitet ['obacco Farr e we invite iinute line of )NS 'ESS ERS Service and 4 mas I MANNI rget KIRSTI ior to Germans. They are corrupt and derivatives as compared with the one pure and original stock of Eu rope. "Deutschland-ueber-alles" thus became an article of the political and social philosophy of Germany very early in the nineteenth century. Enter Hegel So much we trace to Fichte. He brought the German ideal to the nebu lous or firemist stage of evolution, Cosmos had not yet emerged from chaos. Another thinker became the nucleus for the concentration of the firemist into the solid planet of the %octrine of the German state. The thinker was Hegel, with his philos ophy of the absolute. All finite forms are expressions and manifestations of the infinite. As the book implies thc chapter, and the chrzpter the para graph, so the absolute or infinite im plies the state as an expression and manifestation of itself. As the tree precedes the branch, eo the absolute precedes the state; but so also the state precedes the individual, the fam ily, the school, the army and the vari ous. forms of government. As the rings of Saturn are probably nebulae thrown off by the planet itself, and are held in place by the attraction of the planet and made to revolve around it, so also all the ordinary factors at life and civilization in the Germian na tion are but broken lights of the state, unified by the G;erma~n state into the great national light to illuminate the world. According to Hiegel, history is a judgment of the world in which one supreme nation doaminates all others until it yields to a stronger. There have been three periods-the Orien tal, in which the indlividual dlespot ruled; the classical, in which a ruling class prevailed, andI finally, the Ger manic. The present is the Germanic age andI the worldl's judgment is being enacted. Thus aphilosophical basis was afforded for Fichte's general the ory as t-> the primacy andl originality of the German people. Autocracy Rears Its Head We now begin to see how a nat icr of rare and renmarkable genius ani indlividuality gradually became a pres to an idea which completely change< it.: That Germany was once an indli vidualistic people, loving freedom am. indlependence, appears when we re member the names of Martin Luther the religious reformer; Scheliemiwche, and Tf,.aler, religious 'geniuses Beethoven and Mozart and othe: musical composers; Frobel and' 1Her bart, great edlucational thinkers Schiller and Goethe, poets and leader: of thought. It ia especially manifes dent German kingdoms prior to thi present unified empire, and when wi recall the democratic movement o 1848, which was defeated. A Germai king said: "No, I will not be electe( by the people. I will not pick up m: crown oct rf the mud." There wvas needed nlOW a practica statesman if German kultur was t4 fulfil its allegedl mission. Bismarck "th ma ofblood and I n,". came il awetothe call, Hie cOted thi theory of the divine rightokl s an< made the Prussian mofih tl0cen ter of his political rec91st 'uti# Hi 3tccoC be able to offer ing Ro ners who come your inspectior BUGC SADE RAKE Jourteous Treati ive S NG, S. C. N STUMP I UL) had no weak sentimentalism lurking n anywhere in his mental or emotional IRI ,system. A trifling thing like bloodshed or the rights of other nations; were bound to be hela !ightly by .i man who Wvas the agent of the Absolute in a great world purpose. Hence, he pro voked three wars in the decade be tween 1860 and 1870. The first was "Was w'th little Denmark. Th. second was with Austria. The thie l was with France. Out of the first he gained Schleswig aind Holstein. Out of the .second he recu'ed a numbe'. of Ger man kingdoms and drove Austria out Barely of Germany. Out of the third he got .Lil Alsace-Lorraine and a new united G~ermnany. He justified the designa tion, "thd man of blood and iron." But the methods by which he brought Mrs about his ends, the duplicity and in- declar trigue and treachery, the lying and ver f deceit and bullying, the vaulting am- ln bition and self-seeking of the "iron dw chancellor" must have causedl Beelze.. Lion, i bub to tremble in his shoes lest he dorsen lose his pre-eminence in these arta- fering 1 or prior to this time history had tob never shown an instance where the arttrul of scientific lying and intrigue had Mrs. been carried to a height so colossal ous it and sublime, stand Te Task of Bismarck o Whien the new Germany arose in 1870 the p)olitical task of Bismarck my~ v was to consolidate his gains by the thougl formation of the Triple Alliance. This he..t 5 required a good part of the next de- but I cade. Austria and Italy united withtli. G(ermany in the alliance, and it gave tig G;ermany- the diplomatic primacy of "I f Europe for a long time. If we look for this c< the unifying principle of European Th1e '1 p~olitics, therefore, from the formation of the Triple Alliance down to 1914, right when the great war began, we find it andi m in the political ambitions of Germany. deal I The drama moves with the sureness of seon one of Shakespeare's tr'agedies toward the inevitable catastrophies of 1914, i"g T when the Archduke of Austria was ns slain and Austria sent her ultimatum entire to Serbia. This led to the great war. wa a IReturnmng now to the~ conception of ga G;eriman kultur, we may r~ote that ga three writers of more recent times tob aidled in completing the circle of Tan thought required1 for the full expres;- by Di sion of the idea. Treitzsche applied H W the doctrine of the state, which had '' been previously evolved in a large den, b way, to history, thus giving an al- Silver l'medc historical proof of the doctrine Adv. 'of the state derived from Hegel. Nietzsche, the brilliant, neurotic, half -""" Ipoet, half philosopher, developed the man doctrine of the superman nand the au- fictior per-nation on the Darwinian basis of toth the survival of the fittest. Bern- Germ hardi applied this doctrine to the prac- secorn Lice of war and concluded that war is aind a a necessary instrumentality in the as ex hands of the elect state for the pur- cessot pose of fulfilling its mission in the viner world. War is a surgical operation, ment: says Bernhardi, and is necessary from 'policy time to time as a means of letting out will t bad blood. "The will to power," is the the u law of natiorns and the fundamental been law of the universe, mind, A Fourfold FicIIm of thc I We may sum up so far as we have ciple gone the foundatIons of German kul- We tur in the faloing stment:i Ge- deail rrOW( om to our i of our IES ILES .S nent. tock !7EIRS. NOOD WOMAN HAS HIGH PRAISE So Nervous I Could Hardly Stand It." She Says UST DRAGGED ALONG Managed to Keep Going Un She Took Tanlac and Was Restored Ola Anderson, of Greenwood, ed she found "Taniac to be a ine selection for a generally run condition and nervous prostra n a statement she gave in en ient of Tanlac. "I had been suf free: a breakdown and nervous s for some time," continued inderson, "and' I was so nerv seerred that I could hardly it. ap -tite had left me and I wvas r'eak. I managedl to keep going, 1, avi I (lid my~ housework the coud under the circumstances, never did feel like doing any inally diecided to try Tanlac for midit:c ::, andI I took two bottles. anta': gave me a fine appetite away and built up my strength y whlel* system. I felt a great >etter in every way when the bcttle was gone, and I quit tak anlac. It relieved my nervous nd when I quit taking it I felt ly different and strong, and I ble to do my housework. I am o praise Tanlac, for I found it a very fine medicine." lac, the Master Medicne, is cold ekson's Drug Store, Manning; Nettles, Jordan; Shaw & Plow lew Zion; Farmers' Supply Co., ;D. C. Rhame, Summierton. ultur is based upon a fourfold .The first is Fiebte'c theory as originality and primacy of the in people and language. The I is the fiction as to the priority uperiority of the German state pounded by Hlegel and his suc s. The third is the alleged di ight of kings, Bismarck's funda I dottripe and guiding star of . h drh fiction is ,that "the a power" 'is the supre' e law of niv e. These fouir Ij eas havo fus& lidto tinity by the German Indeed, they arie essential parts great'central and guiding prin of German kultur. may now glance a little more in at the system which arose on C t* e O.. this quadrilateral of doctrine as its foundation. All the details which are named here are simply corollaries of the gereat central ideas. I begin with the individual. In Ger many the individual is made for the state, not the state for the individual. Universal and compulsory military service, coupled with universal - and compulsory taxation, is an essential part of German kultur. If the state needs a man's time, his money, his life, the individual must surrender these without murmur. Life is regu lated in Germany by a rigid police system. The foreigner is under sur vtillancc from the moment he puts foot on German soil. The system re.. sults in a sort of national omniscience as to men and events within the state, because the fundamental assumption is that the individual must be watched and regulated. The ballot in the sense in which. Americans employ it is ab solutely contradictory to the German idlea of the state. This is because the ballot for us expresses sovereignty. The voter is king, theoretically, at least, whether we realize the ideal or not. The doctrine is the negation of the dloctrine of the dlivine right of kings. The two practices based on these -ideas could not live a moment together in the same system of gov ern ment. The State as a Policeman j Ge(;rman~ kultur as seen in the realmn of education implies that the educa tional system, root and branch, is con trolled by the state. In -Germany, therefore, we find, contrary to the current belief, less of academic free dom than in any school system of na tional scope in the world. The reason is obvious. If a professor antagonizes the state, he becomes obnoxious to the state. He is a cancerous or tubercular bacillus in the body politic. Pain or fever begins at once. lie must be ex peClled. German university education since 1870 has been consistently harmoni ous with the German doctrine of the state. The wildest theories in other de partments of learning are tolerated if they can be employed to support the prevailin~g doctrine of thie state. But otherwise a Germars professor has no career. If he loses his place in the umiversity or other state school, he is literally "down andl out." There is no possible dloor of opportunity. Hence, the brain of the German educator to-. day is as truly a made-to-order brain as German shoes or tierman subma rines. It was not always so. But the glory of German culture is forever gone unless the German spirit can once more be emancipated. Recent phases of German philosophy clearly prove this. Haeckel, with his material ism, supports Niotzncne's doctrine. The more prominent teachers in the realm of religion exclude Jesus as a religious teacher. Even Eucken form ally and distinctly repudiates Him as in any sense authoritative for us. Tute logic of this Is obvfous, s'ince the teachings of Jesus. are directly .op posed to the doctrine or ."the will to power." Thus German philosophic thought obeys the .general-laws -of (Continued on .Page 7)