University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL. XXVIII. MANNING, S. C., WEDNESDAY, ;JANUARY 26, 1916. N AEROP ANES MAKE WO SUNAYVISITS HOSTILE AIRCRAFT DROPS MANY BOMBS ON BRITISH COASTS. ONE KILLED; TWO WOUNDED No Naval or Military Damage Done, But Some Privntc Property De stroyed.-Some Fires Started. London.-The east coast of Keni was'raided early Sunday morining be B a hostile aeroplane, which dropped - nine bombs. One person was killed and six were injured. A sczc.id attack, this time, by twc hostile seaplaaes. was m,..d' on the l Kent coast early in the afternoon. Nc t casualties have been reported. The 5 raiders escaped. t An o.icial account of the first raid given out here, follows: "The war office announces that, taking advantage of the bright moon L light, a hostile aeroplane visited the I east coast of Ken at 1 o'clock in the morning. After dropping nine bomb: in rapid succession, it made off sea ward. "No naval or military damage was done, but there was some damage tc private property. Incendiary bomb, caused fires, which were extinguished by 2 a. m. "The following casualties occurred: "One man killed; two men, one wo man and three chadren slightly in jured." The war office announcement con r cerning the second attack says: I "Following the at:-a.l attack on the east coast of Lent early in the morn ing hostile seaplanes made a second attack upon the same locality shortly t after noon. "After coming under a heavy fire the raiders disappeared, p'..-sued by t our naval and military machines. I "No casualties have been reported." MURDERERS ARE EXECUTED. L Duran Brothers Died, Cursing Ameri cans, in Cemetery. El Paso, Texas.-Bernardo and Fed rico Duran, the Me:ican cattle thieves, condemned to die by the Carranza authorities for the killing of Bert Akers at San Lorenzo, a few miles below the international bound ary, were executed in the cemetery at Juarez. The Duran brothers died cursing Americans. Bernardo appealed for mercy on behalf of his brother, Fed rico. "It is unjust to kill two of us for one American," he said. "It is giv ing two ,,eyes for one tooth. I - am willing to die, because I killed the gringo, but my brother ought to be allowed to live." The bullets of the firing squad kil ed Fedrico, but Bern.ardo was still conscious after he fell and the offi cers commanding the f ring squad gave him the "mercy shot" through the head. 4 The bodies of both Me icans'9 buried immediately. Secretary LaesHo'ses Ran. Washington.--Secretar'f Lane of the department of interior a~id 'iEs. Lane were severely shaken u n the horses to a carriag'd In 'whd they were riding smashed' inti! post and dragged it' 1lil! f 61 down a sidewalk. The nhw n ed when the horses became! e ta T In the harness cand fell. Steamer Su. Halifax, N. S.-The British fr ggt steamei- Pollentia which has beezm re ported in distress iabout 'i00 miles ofl Cape Race foundered according to a wireless message received here. All on board were rescued. Miss W'rson Leaves Hospital. Philadelphia-Miss Margaret W.l son, daughter of the president, left the ihospital here where on January 13 she underwent an operation for the removal of adenoids and both tonsils. Goethals on Way Home. Panama.--Gov. George W. Goethals of the Canal Zone and Brig. Gen. Clarence R. Edwards, commanding the United States troops in the zone, left Panama on Monday for washington. Governor Goethals will appear before the appropriaticn committees of con gress relative to the Panama Canal appropriations while General Edwards will call before the military commit tees presumably regarding the Pana ma canal troops in connection with the general army renreanizainn ndn A bill has beer. Introduce:1 in the senate by Senators Ban ks anxl Stuck ey to abolish the state tax commis -son. The bill has been referred to the finance committee. -By the provisions of the agricul tural committee bill, which received its third reading in the senate, public c weighers of farm products shall be -appointed in towns of 5.000 inhabi -tants or more, upon petition of as .many as 50 freeholders. Such public -weighers r.re to be appointed by the - goverc-, upon re:-ommendation of the town council. and are to be placed ander bond of SZ00. No Two Eyes See Alike. "There Is on old saying that 'seeing's believing.' In ordinary matters th may be so," writes Professor John Alt ken In a letter to Nature. "but thle be lief Is not necessarily true and in qlu's tions of color is full of pitfalls. No twc pairs of eyes see colors alike. This does not refer to color seeing and cot or blind eyes oniy, but there is reasot to believe that all eyes differ more o. less In their perception of color." UNION, ENDORSES WAREHOUSE LA PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM OUTLIN ED AT'FARMERS' UNION CON FERENCE. ORGANIZE AND COOPERATE Nearly Every County In the State ls Represented at Meetings.-Some Prominent -Speakers. Columbia.-Speakers addressing the conference held in Columbia under the auspices of the South Carolina State Farmers' Union stressed the necessity of organization and co-operation among the farmers and business men of the state if the agricultural- re sources are to be developed to the highest point. Practically every coun ty in the state was represented at the meetings, which were held in the chapel my the University of South Carolina. H. T. Morrison of Char leston county, president of the union, presided at the sessions. President Morrison made a short opening talk emphasizing the great necessity of organization and co-opera tion among the farmers. He gave some instances of actual co-operation. The Citrus Growers' association of southern California, he said, has been doing a very large business on a very small paid up capital. "Carloads of oranges," he said, "are sold while rolling. Fruit is sold through the agency for..the benefit of all its mem bers, thereby securing the benefits of genuine co-operation." An outline of t the work of the Scott County Cotton. Growers' association in Arkansas was sketched by the speaker, giving their plan of co-operative- selling of cotton and cotton seed and showing advan tages of same to the individual mem' bers. ' Instances of the loss to the farmer through lack .of information and lack of co-operation were given by Mr. Morrison. Passage of a series of resolitions intended to aid in the betterment of agricultural conditions in the state market were adopted at the night ses sion of the conference. The session was held immediately. fellowing the address at the state house by Clarenc'e Poe. ' The purpose of the state warehbouse1 system was outlined In an address b, John L. McLarin, commissi4ner. explained the system of..gragdig cot ton. He said that the warehouse sys tem should be further developed and a selling agency established as a fart of its work. The- farmers' conference adopted resolutions. indorsing: . : Re-election of John .Lr "McLaurin,. a warehouse commissioner. Act for Torrens system of 'regis-' tration of land titles. -- . ontinnation: of -.appropriatio. or cattle .tick eradication. *Creation *of a system or rural Appropriation -to -meet. the terms of the Iiever bill. -- - .ome .provision for combating the ravages on the coming boll weevil. A ;bill ,nlarging -the escope of the~ state.:bureau - of marketing. Goverrnor .Names Delegates. CpSlumnbia.-Gov. Manning has ap pointed the following delegates to the i1J annual conference of the nation aJl.hild labor committee. to be held in 4slieville, February 3 to 6: The Rev. Z.. T. Cody of Greenville, George B. ,..Cromer of Newberry, John Porter Hol lis of. Rock Hill, the Rev. A. T. Jami son of Greenwood. Joseph A. McCul lough of Greenville, 3. Whitner Reid of Columbia and W. F. Stackhouse, of Marion. ICoast Artillery Company Ready. Spartanburg. - The Spartanburg1 Coast Artillery company, fully man-; ned and officered, awaits offical recog nition from the office of the adjiutant general of South Carolina. The fol lowing permanent officers have been selected: 3. M. Wallace, captain; 3. Hertz Brown, first lieutenant; J. N. Wright, second lieutenant; Allen Rogers, secretary and treasurer. Guard Appeals to Solons. Columbia.-The necessity for an ap propriation of $25,000 to reimburse the federal government for property shortage was stressed at two sessions of the National Guard Association of South Carolina. A committee was appointed to confer with the ways and means committee. "It will be the last call for the National Guard i* the legislature fails to make the appro priation,".. said one of the members Thirty officers attended the meeting.. Governor Manning and several others. addressed the association. Mr. Harper, author of one of the! three compulsory educational laws in troduce~d at the 1915 sessIon, Intro duced a bill in the house to submit to the qualified electors of the state at the general election in November the question of compulsory school at tendance. The voting unit is made the county. The standardization of all school books used In the public schools Is sought In a bill introduced In the house by Mr. H. H. Harris. The measr. provides that the books shall be those Indorsed by the state board of education. One Reason. "Do you know why money is so scarce, brot bersy' the soap box orator demanded, and a fair sized section of the backbone of the nation waited In leisurely patience for the answer. A tired looking woman had paused for a moment on the edge of the! crowd. She spoke shortly: "It's because so many of you men spend your time telling each other MII ORK DONE BY LWMAKER BOTH HOUSES OF GENERAL Al SEMBLY HAVE BEEN BUSY DURING WEEK. ANTI -BOOZE BILL PASSEE House Rushes Through Liles Bill Pro viding Chaingang Sentence With out Alternative for Violators. Columbia. Woman suffrage Gains. Woman suffrage met defeat in the lower house of South Carolina's ger eral assembly by a vote of 61 to 5: on a joint resolution proposing a con stitutional amendmert to be submit ted to the voters at the next genera election. This was the first time tha the question of vct-s for women ha been presented seriously and fough for determinedly o: the floor of the house. Some mar'exd at its strengt1 In the Palmetto State, others were surprised that it failed to receive 4 majority vote, while some were heart to predict that it would receive the npessary 83 affirmative votes in thi lower house. Suffragists express grad Ification at the strength their csa developed. Schoci Law Good Enough. Considering that the present opera tion of the -local option compulsora school atte..dance law is sufficient fo: the needs and purses of South Caro lina, the house killed a bill by Mr Harper to place the question before the people of the state in the nex general election, the county being the unit. The arguments against the bil were based on the inexpediency o changing the existing law this year the value of education was not dis counted by any of the speakers. som4 of whom, however, favored the pro posed measure. to the end that con pulsory education be statewide at as earlier date that by the operation o: the present statute. Rural Credits. A majority favorable report was re ceived from the finance committee ii the senate on the rural credits- bill introduced by Senator Sherard of-An derson. Senator Christensen reporter for the majority, with the minority unfavorable report signed by Senator Stuckey of Lee county. By the pro '. sins of the bill, the state would float bands to the amount of $10O000; 000 to be extended as aid in putylEst of farms. The issue is to be submnit ted to the people. Senator DuRant of Clarendon intro duced, a bill providing for an amend ment to.the constitution to change the time of meeting of the general as sembly. The date proposed is the fourth Tuesday in July instead of the second Tuesday in January. Work on the appropriations bill is progressing at a rapid pace. The ?iembers of .the house ways and means committee and the senate finance committee are using every ef fort to complete consideration of all sections of the bill. J. T. Liles, chair man of the ways and means commit tee, .said that It was possible the bil: would be ready for introduiction it the house by February 1. -Public Printing. Bills embodying recom'mendationi of house and senate committees to In vestigate the public printing were in troduced in both branches general as sembly. The two measures in chiej are Identical in their terms. They pro vide for the erection by the legisla ture of a joint committee on printing In whiCh shall be vested Control oj "all the public printing, binding, 1ith oraphing and engraving for the stat4 or any department of the state gov ernent." - "Safety First." Discussions arose in the house ove1 the adoption of a recommendation b: the rules committee, amending rulE 58 so that report's of committees oj free conference shall be printed -it the journal on request of ten memn bers and lie over for consideratioz on the next legislative day.:) ThE amended rule was proposed by Mr Mower, who said that the..object ii to assuire deliberation one the .gnos1 important report on a bilk. Mr. Gray *aon, objectinig, called attention to thi fact that the rule would probabl3 lengthen the session of the legisla ture and that the reports of commit tee on free conference were usually the best that could be done for bill. Mr. Warren, chairman of the comn mittee on rules, said that the amend ed rule would expedite the businesi of the house. The rule was adopted. -Mr. ~Toole's bill, providing for the teaching of agriculture in schools,, re celved an unfavorabile report from thi committee on education. The senate has confirmed the fo] lowing South Carolina postmasters S. T. King. Georgetown; M. J Speara, Lamar; A. C. Ligon at Orange burg. No action has yet been take: on the nomination of Judge 3. T. Johx son. Remodeling of the Columbia unlo: station has been begun and the worl will be progressed as quickly as is es pedient. Tearing away and other pre liminary steps are now being taker At a recent meeting of the Union Sts tion Ccrpany of Columbia. it was d4 cided to make improvements costinj b~etween $50,000 and $100,000. Coca Leaves. Coca, from the leaves of which ce caine is produced, was known amoni the Incas as the "divine plant" long be fore the discovery of America. A Matter of Figures. Lobbyist-May I submit some figure1 in support of my contention? Senata -Well, there'll have to be at least fon Zgures.-Pnck GREENVILLE'S BIG NEW JAIL Splendid Modern Structure Is Com pleted. - Equipment Second to None, Safe and Sanitary. Greenville.-The new Greenville county jail is now completed and was oecupied last week. There is space for 125 prisoners. This jail is jds1 the anthithesis of the old. which i replaces, as the new structure ii strictly modern. Men who have .visit ed several fine jails state that Green vile county has one which in equip meat is second to none. Every.'at tention has been given to sanitatioi and to safety. The structure is Are proof. Provision is made for the sep aration of different classes of prison ers. At the front of the jail propel is a residence section for the jailer The cells on the first floor will ac commodate 40 negro men. The sec ond floor is-identical, and will be uses for white men. On the third floor ar cells for 12 white women and 16 negr< women; also a large cell for boys. J hospital ward is al. o 'paced on thi floor. In the basement is a kitchen laundry, store room, -oonler room anc so on. A padded cell for violent pris oners is provided, as. are two. deten tion rooms and one. consultation room There are lockers for each cell wher the clothes and other uelongings o the prisoners are placed. This jail costs something more that $30,000. Its erection was authorizes by the last session of the general as sembly. The heating and ventilatioi systems are excellent. There are shower baths provided on each floor. The new place of detention will b under the management of the char ties and corrections.. commission which body was: created by the las session of the. general assembly. I is the intention 'of this commission t conduct the jail in acdord with mod ern ideals-as a place, primarily, fo correctional detentions, rather that merely as a 'place for punishment. Shkiffs to.AIc Each Other. Columbia.-Cooperation in the en .forcement of all laws, was the spirit o the, talks, delivered - at the winte meeting of -the South: Carolina She: ifs' association, - Two seasons were held, the first - in the assembly room of the C.amber of. Commerce and th second in the -Richland county cour house.. iNearly a- scoreof sheriffs a tended the:sessions. Cannon G.. Blease, sheriff of Neu berry -county, was elected presiden of the -association to succeed J. E more Martin, sheriff of Charlestoi county. T...S. Burch, sheriff of Floc once county, was chosen as vice press dent. . Hendrix Rector, sheriff c Greenville- county, was' nnanimousl; zy.eleted secretary and treasurer The by-laws of the association ,wer amended in order that he might serf a. second term. The" following- sheriffs were pre: lnt: .- Sheriffs 'Burts of Abbeville, .Elmore Martin of Charleston, SimJ Miller. of-. Lexington, F. F: Hill c Calhoun, J. M. Dozier. of Marion,, :H. M. Tshley of . Aiderson, Canno: B,. Blease of Newberry, A. M. Salle of Orangeburg, D. C. Colvin of Chet tar, J. D. Ackerman-of Colleton, Joh: C. McCain of Richland, James Mac fi of Fairfield, 3. A. Lewis of Horr2 . B. Morris of Barnwell, T. Burch of Florence, Hendrix Recto of Greenville, R. 3. Polard of Mar boro and E,. B. Gambrell of Clarez don. Cotton in Florence. Florence.--The cotton ginned I Florence county for the past seaso now amounts to 30,017 bales a against 45,343 last year prior to Ja: uary 1. The farmers through th county are going to work bravely an the lands are pretty well broken al through the county, ready for sprin planting. The problema of the fel tilizers has not been settled yet, bu the farmer is trusting to providenc to provide and helis ready for hi part of it. There has been a gres deal of grain planted and every pre] aration being made for raising hogi Eight Foreign Steamers In Port. Charleston.-There were In the por of Charleston one morning recent] eight foreign steamers and four Amel ican coastwise vessels, making th 'largest number at any one time sinc before the war began in Jluly, 11 Six of the vessels are British ships one Dutch and one German. SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS ITEMS W. F. Stevenson of Cheraw ar nounced his candidacy for the natlo: al house of representatives from th Fifth district. He was in the rac with Congressman David E. Finle two years ago. When the Oakland public schoc at Greenville caught fire a few morr ings ago 600 pupils marched outc the building in less than one minute The Republic Mills of Chester cour ty have been chartered with a capits of $1,200,000. The following officers were ri elected at the night session: Maj Pat~rick 3. Drew of Barnwell, presi dent; Maj. R. F. Watson, of Greern ville first vice president; Maj. A. E Silcox of Charleston, second vic president; Maj. 3. Shapter Caldwel of Columbia, secretary; Capt. A. C Doyle of Columbia, treasurer, ani Lieu. Bartley Bull, South Carolin; naval militia, recorder, The members of the legislativ committee are: Maj. R. F. Watsor Maj. J.J. S. Caldwell, Capt. 3. Fros Maj. 3. S. Caldwell, Capt. 3. Fros and Lieut. George W. Beckett. The dciet L'i6-ares. The oldest libraries of which w have any certain knowledge are thos brought to light by excavations amon te ruins of the east. Among these an te Babylonish books inscribed on cla -ublts, supposed to have been pri pared for public instruction about 60 B. C. It Is said by Aristotle ths Strabo was the first known collecti of books and manuscripts. This WI about the year 330 B. C. DETERIINED TO KILLAERIOANS' MEXICAN REBEL LEADERS IN: NOVEMBER DECIDED ON - MASSACREE. 1 MVILLA EN ACCOUNTABLE Washinltoh Government . Knew 01 ' ians of Rebels But Depended on Carranza For Safety. Was i tan.-Death to Americans in I~eaco, and destruction of their pro ..,vell as war to a finish against Cagganza, was determined upon, It has just became known, at a formal convention of the Mexican rev olutionary leaders held in November at a ranch near Cordoba. Present and joining in the agreement are said to haveb eenr epresentatives o f Villa, 3 Zapata,A rgumedo, Higinio Aguallar, the Cedillo brothers and many lesser chieftians. Meager reports of this gathering came to the state department long1 ago but they were not made public i and until. this time few people in Washington knew that there was a general conspiracy against Americans, or even that the various rebel fac tions in the field in Mexico had effected. any kind of an agreement for t concerned activities against the de t facto government. ) The zmassacre at Santa Ysabel, at ! tributed to bandits led by Villa of r ficers, is believed to have been per 1 petrated in accordance with the rebel convention order. Officials think the long period that passed after the Cor doba meeting before the murders was because of the time required by the various delegates to make reports to their 'commanders, and the fact that r the news of the convention's decision had to be carried to subordinate mili tary commanders by courier. Cor doba is on the railroad between -Vera t Cruz and Mexico City and some 1,000 t miles from Santa Ysabel. The'Carranza authorities have been fully advised concerning the move ments' of the rebels and have been depended upon by the Washington government to take every possible pre cautioh to prevent the threats against Amerkans from being carried out. They'tre- believed to have the situa tion fiirly well in hand now, although 9 the- chiefs :whose delegates met at Cordoba still are in the field, operat e ing more or less openly. PRESIDENT'S TRIP APRROVED. Will Stop at Pittsburg, Cleveland, Mil waukee, Chicago, Detroit, Des Moines, Topeka, Kansas City. n Washington.-Final plans for Pres ident Wilson's forthcoming trip . through the Middle Western States to speak on national preparedness approved include stops at Pittsburg, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Chicago, Des Moines, Topeka and Kansas City. A rtentative itinerary drawn up included St. Louis, St. Joseph and Davenport, but these cities have been eliminated anzd Milwaukee and Topeka substi tuted. On the Middle Western trip the president will leave Washington Jan uar'y 28, and will return February 4. In addition to formal addresses the spresident is expected to speak brief ly at several cities and towns through e which he will pass. gGerman Campaign In Egypt . London.-Germanly's campaign in Egypt is meeting with obstacles, it is eannounced here, due to the lack of ecoal to operate the railroad which the Germans have constructed southward through Syria to the edge of the desert approaching the Suez Canal. The ab sence of coal prevents the actual opening of the road to transportation. IPersia Not Victim of Austrians. Vienna, via London.-The govern ment has informed Frederic Penfield, ethe United States ambassador, that no Austro-Hungarian submarine was concerned in the sinking of the Pen insular & Oriental Line steamer Persia. Insurance Companies Make Claims. Washington.-Notice that several - life insurance companies will claim a e part of any indemnity Germany may e pay on account of the loss of life on 7 the Lusitania has raised a question for which State Department officials say there is no precedent. Heirs of many of the Lusitania victims already have presented claims. Final decision as to whether insurance company claims on account of policies paid out shall take precedence will rest with Secretary Lansing. . Truce a Ruse to Get Time. -Rome.-Premier Miouchkocitch of -Montenegro who said King Nicholas - had prepared documents justifying the conduct of himself and his min .1 isters .in regard to the peace negotia tions with Austria. is quoted in a dis patch from Brindisi to the Stefni News Agency as saying that Monte negro arranged a truce with Austria e as a ruse to enable her to gain time. L After the capture of Mount Loveen t by the Aastrians, the Premier is re t ported to have said, this gave the Montenegrins a week's time. A Long Sid'ewalk. eThe n nnuai product 0of bricks ini lhe United States is 53i004.00.000. This is enough to lay a live foot sidewalk eight tienes arounld the world. -Good Rea~son. "W Vhy live in the past? Why not for. get i? "The bill collectors won't let me." Louivlem Courier-Journal. Stripes for Violators. The general assembly of South Carolina, the lower house especially, seems determined to put stripes on the person violating any law of the state relating to the sale, shipment or st -rage of intoxicants. By a large majority, 71 to 18, the lower branch refused to kill Mr. Liles' bill providing for a chaingang sentence without the alternative of a fine. Debate on the measure began early in the afternoon and was resumed at night. Indications point to the final enactment of the bill, as it is said that there is little objection to "making prohibition pro hibit" to be found among the mem bers of the senate. A number of amendments to the Liles bill were proposed, but only those introduced by the author himself were passed, each of the others meeting instant death at the hands of a determined body of legislators. The bill provides for a ch.'igang sentence of three months to five years for the first of fense and one year to five years for each subsequent offense. No option of a fine is given a presiding judge. The bill also carries a provision that a circuit judge may suspend all of the imprisonment except 30 days for the first offense and 60 days for the second offense; in any instance the person convicted must serve at least 30 days. The bill does not apply to cases now pending in courts or to offenses committed prior to the en actment of the act, should It pass. Dispensary Stock A bill which provides a plan for the disposal of stocks in the recently closed dispensaries was introduced in the senate by Senators Banks, Lide, Sinkler and Spigner. The general plan Is to open the dispensaries so that the surplus stock may be re tailed under the provisions of the gallon-a-month law, which becomes ef fective the first of the year, and to keep them open until all liquors have been sold. Sales are to be made only at the county seats in the 15 coun ties which went dry January 1. It is estimated that approximately $100, 000 worth of whiskey was brougbt over. No Whiskey "Ads" The temper of the upper house to ward positive anti-liquor legislation was indicated when the Carlisle bill, making the advertisement of liquors In newspapers or on bill-boards ai misdemeanor, passed third reading and was sent to the house without a dissenting voice. During the rapid transit of the bill through the sen ate no opposition whatever was de veloped .Violation of the measure Is punishable by a fine of not more than $500 or less than.$100. Enforcement Fund; The big exception to the policy of retrenchment has been .the indorse ment by the ways and means com mittee of the bill providing for a fund of $50,000 for the enforcement of the prohibition and- gallon-a-month laws. Withal it is expected that the state levy will be kept down to six mills. A number of bills on taxation pres age the fight that has been freely predicted. The latest rumor, how ever, is that opposition to the South Carolina tax commission will not come to a head, the fight being con fined to the methods to be pursued In .he assessment and equalization of property. Various measures and joint resolutions proposing constitutional amendments have been introduced, debate on which will hardly matdrial ize until after many of the contented matters left from the 1915 session have been disposed or. Discuss Warehousing. The South Carolina cotton ware housing systeD will also come in for discussion as It Is understood that a bill will be introduced along the lines suggested in Gov. Manning's annual message, providing for a board of three commissioners. A bill, making the state's warehouse receipt a safe collateral for loans, has already been introduced and it is probable that the matter will, be disposed of during the coming week. The upper branch through their ap proval of the Wightnian bill has gone on record as favoring an open pasture for lawyers. The Saluda senator by a small majority carried his point ~abolishing the present requtirement of two years of specified, study before one is eligible for the state bar exam innation. The bill will be sent to the house this week. The house commnitee on railroads returned an unfavorable report on MIr. McMahan's bill providing that street cars shall stop on the near side Qf a street corner for the purpose of tak ing on or discharging passengers. Invited by' resolution of the lower house of the general assembly, Clar ence Poe, editor of The Progressive Farmer, made a forceful speech In the hall of the house on "Legislation Needed by Our Rural Interests".. A committee, consisting of Senator DuRant of Clarendon, Senator Sinkler of Charleston and Senator Banks of Calhoun, was appointed to prepare a suitable mcmoriai on the death of Louis Appelt, former senator- from Clarendon county. Five Negroes Lynched. Sylvester, Ga.-The bodies of five negroes, taken from the Worth county jail here and rushed in automobiles to the adjoining county of Lee, where they were hanged and shot were cut down and preparations made to bury them. Coroner's incuest returned a verdict that the negroes came to their "death by strangulation and gushot wounds at the hands of unknown par ties." Thcre had been no arrests in connet! Xn with the lynching and what steps authorities may be taking are not knov.n here. Saving the Innocent Ones. Governor Stewart of Missouri once found eight convicts mowing the grass of the staitehouse hiwn. He questioned themi. Seven of theml sail they were innoc-ent meni. The eighth said, '-I stole er hawg. suh, an' it was a nIos' 'stonishing1 gIod ha~wg:' "You're. pariidoned: Stewvar tim er d. "LeaveX. th risout~M a once. W muhst preserve our iinnocnt convitt f-m ,.ontamlintion." TESTING A SHELL Ordeals Through Which a Big Gun Missile Must Pass. THE SOFT NOSE PROJECTILE, Its Ability to Bore Its Way Through Heavy Armor Plate Without Explod ing Until After Its Impact Was Dis covered by Ac-ident. Everybody knows that the modern shell is one of the most diabolical of man's inventions, but how many of us realize that it is also one of the most delicate and complicated? tereutly some firms holding- con tracts for making high explosive shells took upon themselves to "correct" a detail in the specification, and, as a re sult, a certain thread was "improved." They will never do anything of the kind again, because all their work was rejected. The apparent absurdity-it is, in fact. an absolute absurdity, from an engineering point of view-is de signed of set purpose.. There is a somewhat similar anom aly in the big shell for penetrating armor plating. which was introduced in consequence of an accident. One day a test shell was fired at a piece of armor plating from the soft side, and the projectile went clean .through it and exploded after impact, whereas a similar shell fired against the front the hardened and tempered side-shat tered and left an indentation of only a few inches. This singular incident set somebody thinking. and in consequence the high explosive armor piercing shell is now given a soft nose. To the hard point is attached a cap of soft metal. with which addition it will go through the toughest piece of armor plate. What happens on impact seems to be this: The cap spreads.-holding the point and so enabling it-remember that the shell is revolving rapidly-to force its-was unbroken through the hard face of the plate by a sort of boring action. No less curious is another fact con cerning the points of such projectiles. After the heads have been worked the shells are left for weeks before they undergo the next stage, because, strong as they look. they are liable to snap. Why? Think of the razor. Constant stropping twists the grain, with the re sult that the steel gets "tired" and will not yield a keen edge. But if you put the thing away for a few weeks the grain Vl' return to its normal state, and you can get a satisfactory shave In a similar way the grain of the steel is affected by working. though of course to a much greater'extent, and until it is "set" the makers must go cautiously. Steel shows a like eccentricity in the making of test gauges.-,A}e. of-4be measurements. of shells are very fine, and the instruments employed. are so delicate that, they have to be used quickly lest the heat of the hand causes the metal to expand. Now. when a groove is cut In a piece of steel which is to be used as a test gauge the work is laid aside for weeks, perhaps months. Why not finish it at once? Because the groove. though dead true when cut out, may be otherwise in a short time, even though it has been~ absolutely untouched.. As a concrete proof of the elaborate nature of projectile making take the case of .the shrapnel shell. -'The steel portion undergoes about a seore of op erations, a~nd the brass cartridge case attached to the base requires about six. teen, counting from the disk of sheel brass to the finished article. Theea ttiere is the fuse, the delicacy of whici resembles watchmaking. Altogether the shell Is subjected .te about forty Inspections and may be re jected at-any stage. After a shell has survived this ordeal it ought to be, one would think,. per. feet. but a test shell is taken fron every 120 and actually fired from a gut into a bank of sand. It is then again examined, and if the contour about the powder pocket is expanded away goes the whole batch, because if they were fired the grooving might be torn out of the gun.. Perhaps the most striking illustration of the minute care exercised in projec tile making is that every shell is weigh ed over and over again. If you produce an eisahteen pounder high explosive shell it must be only a few drains over or under its normal weight;. otherwise it is rejected.. - In this connection It may be of Inter est to note that an explosive shell that weighs only about seventy pounds will break into a shower of some 1,200 pieces. A single one of the monster proectiles fired from a fifteen Inch na val gun will weigh 1,950 pounds. It takes twelve seconds for the 'projectile of a twelve inch naval gun to reach Its point of impact when firing at a range of five miles. To fire a' battleship broadside costs about $20,000.- Ex change. Literal. "Pop. tell me some conundrums." "Conundrums? Why, I don't know any conundrums, my son." "Oh. yes. you do! I heard mother tell Aunt Mary the other day that you keep her guessing most of the time." Boston Journal. Been Through Them. Mr. Bacon-Do you know, dear, I have only two suits of clothes to my name?. Mrs. Bacon-Yes. John; I have no ticed that you have very little change in your clothing.-St. Louis Post Dis patch. Fretful thought has more to do with discontent than all the troubles that can assail us. IBridal Customs In Spain. In Spa in a i: ide ha:s no girl attend an;: to. sinod at the altar with her, but Neither doe's she~ have a wecdding cake nor any ,etive going away after the ceemonuiy. The wedding pair depar1 quety to their new home, where they reaiin until the following day, when they start on their honeymoon. Before departing they pay a formal visit .tc CARBON A PUZZLE The Mystery That Links a Dia i mond to a Lump of Graphite. A SECRET OF THE MOLECULES Why Exactly the Same Elements Form Such Different Substances Is the Rid die-Changing a Mass of Charcoal Into a Minute but Pure Gem. Carbon, one of the seventy' or eighty primary elements out of which alitmat ter is- formed. occurs, pure, in two en tirely different and contrasted forms. f These are, firs:. aZ"" :':d, secon:. graphite or plumbago 9-e... il lead). =f each of these- substai: .es was aeon ' pound or mixture of :'erent elemiep'ts comprising in both cafes carbon as-the ; principal constituent there would 'bene cause for mystification. But they a absolutely the same unmixed though in appearance and In pro they are totally' unlike' The molecules of each are the same they are molecules of carbon, and'noth Ing else-but In one bie molecules e - so arranged that they form (ansper ent, excessively hard, solid crystal en dowed with marvelous powers of re fracting light which igke it dazzling of all gems, and. In the otbr. the same molecules are so arranged that. they form a dull.; soft:blackata gray substance that leaves a t streak when rubbed upon paper Z The secret lies within th It i -in the internal play of- th lecula forces, but what makes those fces, act so differently when tiey have p cisely the same material to wor Burn a diamond and it turns fo =pb ;$ Charcoal is'a third form of cli 4l ordinarily produced by the chari of =';" wood. whereby ill the other el men contained in. the wood are re leaving the carbon n. the forurota' soft, black substance which, in. som ways. resembles graphite. ;^ Charcoal and a few= almilar stances are called amorphous; "shapeless'- carbon, because thyyare. never crystallized, as diamond ilw and graphite sometimes. Is. Ye- = coal, too,'has the royal diamondflos2-' That blood sometimes sits on e t" throne and sometimes slaves r mine: but, despite thd turn of below. it is always itself. Charcoal can turn to diamond:-ate the things thatmake it turn heat combined ,with great Here. In -outline. Is the proe ;as t: has been performed in laboratee pecially by the French chemist.Mo' san: . Into a mass of' molten o quantity of pure cearcoal the liquid iron, which, charcoal very much as sugar, is placed in an electric and heated In a tempera 5,000 degrees F. - Imnmediately :it 3 plunged into cold waterhin order o cause a quick cooling. - The result of the sudden coohlngi 1 the formation of a solidified shell on. : the surface -of the Iron whpcWeI fully compresses the interiorn an when it .in tarn'cools and trtest - t pand. The resultof this, compr~Is is to force the'Imprisoned carbon (da coal) to crystallize intO, d1'amond. 'f~ the. molten, Iron Is allowed: to eco . t ordinary pressure ther-charcoaloniry turns to graphite. So wesee tha thse ma'gic wand whose touch. mak dia. m rot d of what would oSerwise.-e - meae dull pencil- lead Is the wand/o high. pressure. It Is believed< that'this is subsfah tially the way in which nature heeff makes diamonds. -In the great' di mond mines of ,South -Africa -there.11 evidence that the gems 'wer ie e in the bowels of ancient and lo n e extinct volcanoes, where, of cou~e both intense heat .and enormous res sure were available In unlimited quan tities. But nature in her huge volcante laboratories' works on a scale' which we cannot imitate, so that there ls -no cause. for surprise In the fact that, while she can make diamonds- as- big as walnuts when she chooses, we can -- make none even as big as a pin's -hed. The largest artificial diamond is Ias than a millimeter in diameter. ' But It is genuine diamond, and with that fact to start with, who can say what may be done some day? There are a number of meteors which have fallen upon the earth from outer space that contain microscopic di monds resembling the artificial ones. Nond of them is large eugough to be- of any importance except as scientific curiosities, but as such they fill the mind with wonder. Where and how were they created-In what world or what star? The principal metals found In me teors are Iron and nickel with occa sional traces of cobalt, copper. alumi num, tin and magnesium.--Garrett P. Serviss In New York Journal. Done. "Gadspur Is a man who prides him self on doing things." "True. But I bad to disappoint him the other day." "How so?" "He wanted to do me."-Birming ham Age-Herald. Cruel Comment. Manager-I say, Hamfat, old man., why don't you join a moving picture company? Crushed Tragedian-Why should I so degrade my art. sIr?; Man ager-Because then, you see, you can become a reel actor.-Baltimore Amer lcan. Our life-a little gleam of time be tween two eternities.-Carlyle.