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C VOL. XXVIII. MAANNING, S. C., WNEDN ESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1915. NEW ALLILD DRIVI 20,000 GjERMANS CAPTURED 0f FRONT OF 20 MILES BERLIN ADMITS LOSSES Anglo-French Drive in the West Fol, lows Long Artillery Bombardmen1 -British Fail to Hold Advancee Positions-Berlin Reports Evacua tion of Souchez. The long expected "drive" by the Allies on the western front has be gun on land and sea. After a week of intense preparation the details o fwhich have been kept secret, the full strength of the English, French and Belgians was directed in a tremendous concentrated at tack on the German front Satur day.- Fighting continues. The at6 tack developed into a general bat tle by land and sea from the Bel gian coast to the southern limit of the German army. Such complete censorship had been established concerning this great of fensive that the first actual news of its inauguration came from Berlin in an official communication from the German war office which says that after an artillery preparation of great intensity, which at some points lasted fifty hours, the expected Anglo French offensive has begun on the western front." London reports: Heavy and con tinuous attacks by the British and French have cost the Germans more than twenty thousand unwounded Me taken prisoners and twenty miles of trenches in the west. Souchefi has been stormed. and captured and an advance is reported north of Arras. The *.saults began Saturday morning and at last accounts battles were rag ing ferociously. While the Allies were advancing - into - German entrenchments British battleships were. battering away at German positions between Zeebrugge and Nieuport. The French, who have the most important gain to their credit, made -their chief onset around Perthes, BeausejQur and Suiphez in Cham pagne, where- in December they made a considerable gain. This attack backed by a tremndous artillery fire gave them possession of more terri tory than they have retaken from Germans since the latter dug them selves in after the battle of the Marne. According to the French, the Ger mans were driven out of . their trenches over a front of fifteen miles, varying in depth from two-thirds of a mile to two and a half miles. The French in this engagement captured twelve thousand prisoners. The importance of this gain lies in the fact that 'every' yard of ground taken in this region weakens the Ger man position -around Verdun, from *1'which the Germans might be com pelled to retire should the French make a further advance. The French have regained trenches east of the "Labyrinth" in the Arras7' disrlt,_which was the scene of much' heavy fighting ,earlier in the year. There the Germans had built what they considered almost impregnable fortifications. This attack was made in co-opera tion with -the British, who attacked -on . either side of La Bassee canal. The attack south of the canal, Field Mlarshal Sir John French reports, was a complete success. Trenches five mileg in width and about four thou sarid yards in depth were taken at this point. - This push forward gives the British - possession of the road from Lens to La Bassee, which was used by the -Gernians for moving troops and sup plies north and sourth and threatens to outflank, the German troops which hold the town of Lens. Hill No. Seventy, one of the posi tions takep on the road, is less than a mile directly north of Lens. while Hulluch, which also fell into the hands of the British, is at the end of the road near La Bassee. It is only *- twelve miles from Hulluch to Lille the capital of northern France.. North of the canal the British. al though they fought all day were un able to hold the ground gained and had to fall back to the trenches which they had left in the morning. The attack, however, accomplished one purpose, as, according to Field Mar shal French, German reserves were sent to check 'this move, thus giving the British .south of the canal an op portunity to consolidate their new possessions unmolested. A somewhat similar manoeuvre took place north and south of the Menin road, east of Ypres, and the results were the same. -North of the road the British were unable to hold the German trenches, but on the south they gained about six hundret yards of German trenches and con solidated the ground won. -So far as reported the British took seventeen hundred prisoners with eight guns and several machine guns. Paris reports: "The enemy has suf fered by our fire, and. in . hand to hand struggles, very important losses. He left in the works which he aban doned considerable material, whiel: *has not yet been inventoried. Al ready the capture of twenty-four field guns is regarded. The number ol prisoners is increasing steadily and is actually more than sixteen thou. sand men, not wounded, of whom at least two hundred are officers. The total number of prisoners captured] on the whole front by the Allies troops in two days is more than twenty thousand men not wounded.' Berlin reports: "The- battles in the continuation of the British anc French offensive, which have beer> prepared for months. have progressed without bringing our assailants con siderably nearer to their aim. "On the coast also British warships have attempted to interfere by thei1 fire, especially on Zeeb'rugge. bu1 without result. "In the sector of Ypres the enenm: suffered heavy losses and had no suc cess. "Southwest of Lille the enemy sue ceeded in repulsing one of our divi Mions near Loos from its advance lin of defense to its second~ line. Natural ly we had considerable losses in cluding material of all kinds inclosei between the two positions. A coun ter-attack is progressing favorably. "We voluntarily evacuated the ruins of ths village of Souchez. 0th er attacks on this front were easil: ,.rpuledat se vera points with thi GERMANS PRO RESS SLOWLY; RUSSIANS RETAKE LUTSK Division of Russian Armies Throws Preponderating Forces Against the Austrians. London, Friday: Military activities on the eastern front are once more assuming the familiar phase of a slow German advance. The German plan of dividing the Russian armies north and south of the 'ripet has been a strategic success iL a way, but the immediate effect of the severance was to throw an increased burden on the Austrians, who seem unable to check the Russian drive. Unofficial dispatches from Petro grad are that the latest Russian vic tory, northwest of Dubno, is of more importance than was revealed by the official communication from Petro grad, involving recapture of the fort ress of Lutsk, northwest of Grodno. Relinquishing this fortress, the Aus trians are said to have retired across the Styr. All the *ay from the Baltic port of Riga to the Pripet marshes, the Russians are holding their line stub bornly in an attempt to bring their long retirement to an.end. The fight ing is particularly severe southeast of Vilna and east of Dvinsk. En velopment of the Vilna army having failed, it is assumed the Germans will develop their offensive movement at Dvinsk, with the view of an ultimate blow at Riga. It is generally be lieved the Germans have determined to capture Riga before winter. Petrograd reports: Russian officers admit that the new front in the Vilna region is warped and interrupted in places. The region to the east of Lida and south of Molodechno is in tersected by a multitude of rivulets. These are embarrassing the German advance, necessitating a detour north ward and consequently - co-operation between the German group in the vi cinity of Vilia and that near Lida I will be difficult. BERNSTORFF WILL SETTLE TilE SUBMARINE QUESTION Ambassador Says Satisfactory Agree ment is Only Question of Hous I -To End Daily "Crises". "I can assure the American people that an entirely satisfactory ending will be reached in the submarine question with Germany very soon," Count von Bernstorff declared Satur day in New York. "Within a few days I will return to ( Washington for a conference on the t subject with Secretary Lansing," be. added. "I have been in constant com munication with Berlin regarding the c matter and it is only a matter of hours when the misunderstandings will be ended forever." "Does this mean all the demands a of the United States will be met?" he e was asked. - C "I. have said that an entirely satis- t factory agreement will be reached. c This will put an end to the daily I 'crisis' of which the newspapers have t been speaking." C This is the first statement Count von Bernstorff has made in some time for publication. TO PROTECT tIER RI~ilITS Bulgarian G3overnment Disclaims Ag-t gressive Intentions. '.'Bulgaria's entrance into a state of armed neutrality is explaited by changes shortly to be made in the political and military situation. Bul- I ga-ia has no hostile intentions. but is firmly resolved to safeguard her rights and independence if necessary by force of arms. "Owing to the movements of troops by her neighbors. Bulgaria is forced to declare an armed neutrality. "Negotiations with representatives of both groups of belligerents will continue." This official statement was issuedi in Sofia, the first declaration of in- I tentions received from Bulgaria sincei she startled the chancellories of Europe by ordering mobilization. heaviest of losses for the enemy. I "The Thirty-ninth regiment of 1 landwehr especially distinguished it self. This is the same regimum I which sustained the principal attack1 north of Neuville in Mlay, "In the struggles between Rheims and the Argonne. north of Perthes. one German division was obliged to vacuate its advanced position by a bombardment for seventy hours and retire to its second position, situated from two to three kilometres (1.24 to 1.86 miles) behind the first. "However, all attempts to break 'hrough failed.'' Berlin describes Saturday's fight ng as follows: "Along the entire front from the ea to the Vosges the enemy fire has increased. It was especially violent east of Ypres between the canal of La Bassee and Arras and also in Chain 2agne from Prosnes to the Argonne. "After severe artillery preparation. which at some poipts lasted fifty hours, the expected attack began. "Between the railways of Ypres. Roulers and Comnines, the British at tacked early this morning. Their at tack on the northern wing has al ready been repulsed aftcr hand to hand fighting before and in our posi tions. "They are further attacking to the northeast and the southeast of Ar mentieres and north of La Bassee canal. "On Thursday evening, as has now become known, the French penetrat ed our battered down trenches nea: Souchez. We ejected them yester day. The French were again repuls ed yesterday near Souchez and on both sides ."f Neuville. "In Champagne, from Prosnes to the Argonne, the French attacked but were as a majority of points re pulsed. This was due in part to our srong ,rtil" ry fire. In part also the attacks col..psed a few steps in front of our obstructions under the fire of our infantry and mac'hine guns. "The retreating e nemy columns suffered considerable losses. owing to the very severe artillery and machine un fire." Trials to be Had in York. The Tsenhowers will he tried in York county because of a change in venue granted at Winnsboro T1hurs PLEADS FOR PEACE BRYAN SPEAKS IN COLUMBIA ON! F THE PRESENT WAR INEXCUSIBLE SLAUHTER d G di Commoner Audresses Crowd in Capi- r B tal-Praises Wilson and Lauds ul Peace Treaties-Says Present War is Causeless and Out of the Ordi- tl nary. pi A dispassionate attack on the fu- st tility of war, the expose of the false ci philosophy of "might makes right" O as the immediate cause of the present g9 war in Europe, and the opportunity ax which lies before the United States and President Wilson to lead the of people of the earth into permanent u. peace, are the lessons which America sl :an.learn from the European war, ac- gr ,ording to the speech made Thursday 01 ight at the Columbia theatre by of William Jennings Bryan, former see- at *etary of the state in President Wil- SE ;on's cabinet, before a large audi mee. The lecture, with universal er ind permanent peace as its objective Gi lesideratum, was given under the K: Luspices of the Y. M. C. A. TI In a digression from the subject of th he address Mr. Bryan said that he 1ad come to the point where he fav- af red extending suffrage to women on ill questions, but in any case on the ti luestion of going to war. t Mr. Bryan referred with evident er, eeling to the joy and happiness he sh xperienced September 15 last when m4 ie signed arbitration treaties with 'our nations, which represented a is ombined population of 900,000,000 th, eople. He pointed out the arbitra- TI ion feature, the indefinite date of Co he termination of these treaties and al he 12 months allowed for investiga ion of the dispute, claiming that the Lrdor for war would decrease in a W ear's time. He spoke fervently of the hope he ntertained that all nations of the orld would sign such treaties with he United States, thereby minimizing he probability of war; he called at- A ention to the fact that there were Low 30 such treaties in force, among he nations being England, France, tusia and Italy, while the principle f the treaty has been accepted by hree other of the belligerents-Ger- loZ many, Austria and Belgium. - su "The Great Commoner" outlined ha hree objections to the United States lin tering into war: The financial loss, th he waste of human life and the sur- thi endering of neutrality. t He maintained that the rights of bc itizens to be protected in life and iroperty throughout the world im- fol osed upon all citizens a duty to re ard the position of the American overnment whenever disputes should tia rise over the treatment accorded the re itizens in foreign lands. It was for Re his reason, he explained, that he lot ould not consent to sending at least 00,000 men to their death in order pa o retaliate for the loss of 100 Ameri an lives on the Lusitania. thi "Jingo journalism" was scored sei eavily by Mr. Bryan, who said that we te was proud of his profession- An ournalism. He offered as a reward or the alleged patriotism of "jingo ts" that they be placed on-the front p iring line where they can die before tiv he others who did not want war are ert alled upon. en: "The war is without precedent in de: he populations represented," declar- sp d Mr. Bryan, calling attention to tio Lumbers of combatants, the large ex- all enditures, the destructiveness of the-. uns and in the "intensity of the hat- to ed aroused." He pointed out that o class was .immune from its effect. flictions being visited upon women o nd children as well as men. Th "Neutral nations,'' he said. "can to Lt look on with indifference-the fot es that bind them together are too ah trong, the relationship too intimate. "his is especially true of the United gra itates. We have a composite popu- ro: ation-every nation of Europe hay- ed ng -contributed liberally to our citi enship." wvl In referring to the "bigness" of the wi var in Europe. Mr. Bryan pointed out hat in -1o election in America had asSt nany persons voted as arc now en-ti ;aged in the war as combatants. He ictured the effectiveness of the im ilements "by which man may kill his ouc ellow man.' He pointed out that "a he burdens are -not borne by the 'guilty alone." he "By the additional dangers of comn nerce,' he said. "it sometimes costs d even times as much as in ordinary th, imes for us to carry a bale of cotton ca eross the seas. International lav:a ;eems to h'.ve been made for the na ions at war rather than for nations h Lt peace. The United States is being h njured by both sides, and you should W inow that neither side desires to in- e ure us. If, perchance, we ever go to pC var let it be with an enemy and not al w'ith a friendly nation." Mr. Bryan said that the war is not w< trace war no'r a religious war nor a so -ivalry between families. "So far as en tan be judged," said he. "there ap- se >oars upon the surfac-- no cause that co >v any known standard can be re- of arded as adequate for such a cata lysm as we are now witnessing. All p 'ulers have denied responsibility for th t " en "The cause of the wear is the nat- fir .iral result of a false philosophy- is :hat might makes right," hc declared. ar lie recalled the three commandmcnts al -"Thou shalt not covet." "Thou "i thhalt not steal," and "Thou shalt not st: till."~ be "We have passed the day when St war was considered a mnoral tanic.'' de Mr. Bryan declared. "War is not ot aecessary, then why prepare? War "5 is a curse and a calamity. Prepared- th nes.s is the kindling of war: oppor- th ~tunity is the match. .I had hoped thv.t w: this 'war would show all Amnerierns hi that preparedness is the original cause of war. "Had we been as prepared as some of our citizens no"w want. we would thi be in the war now". I firmly believe. g The doctrine of preps.redness will not K stand the best of logic e'nd this wa fe shows; th:.t it will not stand t he test of e'xpe'rience. No nat ion is dhal- at lenging us. andl if ther'- was we should answer that we have theo- wel fre or nmny. people( and high bleals to take cre of. and een not :.o to w.r without a cau ie. Ch'ers greeted his praise of' P".i- 11 dent Wilson. "who leves reare and 's o f trying to arrive at a penceful endl." KI REEK ARMY MOBILIZES; WAR BREAKS IN BALKANS ollowing Action of Bulgaria Greek King and Premier Calls Troops to the Colors. Paris reports Friday: An official cree for the mobilization of the reek army was issued in Athens riday, says the Athens corresPon mt of the Havas Agency. Parlia ent probably will be summoned. algaria having taken certain meas -es, the Greek government has de ded to answer these measures by uivalent preparations, telegraphs e Athens correpondent of The atin. The dispatch says the decree was iblished in the Official Journal. It I ates that mobilization has been de led upon as a measure of prudene, I account of similar actiot by Bul- 1 .ria. The classes of 18'92 to 1911 1 e called to the colors. ' 1 The semi-official newspaper Patris i Athens says the military measures dertaken by Greece show a deci )f has been reached to meet Bul- I ria's move energetically and with t delay. It adds.that the intention i Greece is.to defend her own rights t d to fulfill her duty to support i rbia. I Athens reports: A decree of gen-jI )l mobilization of twenty classes of t 'eek soldiers has been signed by I ng Constantine and promulgated. 1 te decision of th,e king has aroused i e greatest enthusiasm. Issuance of a mobilization decree came quickly :er the king had granted an audi ce to Premier Venizelos. The pre er informed the king that mobiliza n was the only possible reply to Igaria's move. To this the sov ign agreed, stipulating that it Duld be regarded as a offensive asure. t The minister of war, General Dang- 1 subsequently took the decree to e a palace, and the king signed it. e e twenty classes now called to the o.rs are in addition to four classes veady under arms. kR LOAN lITS NEW SNAG; MAY RESULT IN DEADLOCK glo-French Commissioners Con- 1 fronting Heightened Difficul- C ties in Securing Loan. t Dpposition to the proposed war .n to the Allies has crystalized to b h an extent that negotiations may re to be reopened along different es. hat the difficulties confronting' Anglo-French credit commission have heightened within the past , nty-four hours and that a dead k is threatened was evident. rhe three-chief obstacles were the lowing: ' b L. The unfavorable .financial posi- I. a of the British government as e ealed in the budget speech of e ginald McKenna, British Chancel of the Exchequer.. , 7 ?. Opposition to Russir.'s partici- t ion in the proposed loan. 1 3. Attitude of western interests * Lt have been antagonized by the 0 zure of fifteen million dollars - rth of meat cargoes owned by E erian packers by England. C >ers.IE The nations now at war have cul- i ~ted the tree of hatred for a gen- a .tion,'' he said, telling of the pres- ~ expenses of the army and navy a artmnts of this country. He a >ke of the additional appropria- a as which are being asked for "and t for preparedness." Not a nation in the world desires attack us," he declared positively. I 'hy then should ~we get alternate t .res in getting ourselves in a state s preparedness? It is pure folly. c is is no time to change our cus- o as. We can not afford to change, z -every day it takes less to get a ~ad of them." - ti Mlr. Bryan then took up the thirdk tnd division of his lecture-the a td to permanent peace. He point- f out the futility of "annihilation" C an end to the war: "no nation ich aspires to physical supremacy n be immortal,"' he declared. Mr Bryan said that the United I Ltes now had 30 arbitration tr'ea s with as many countries. "I have t yi faith in these treaties as to be ye they wil! preserve the peace of r nation with honor,'' he said. d ad that the name of Woodrowt son and my own nane will be 1 ard in great capitals ,for manys rs." He claimed that the treaties not make war impossible, but that ry give 12 months to consider thet ses which must be placed before international commission. "If we ever have to go to war I pe the people, and especially the men, will vote on the--question-" said. "In fact, I have conie-to the nt where I want women to vote on questions, but on war, in any ease. "If, however, we must have war I uld rather have it after this war. that our start and -our desire to d will be accomplished by our ves. God forbid our tying our urse to the ambition of any nation . Europe:" - In concluding his rrgument for rmanent peace Mr. Bryan stated ree objections to the United States' tering the European war. The st is the financial lo:z: the second the loss of human lives which, he gued. would be sacrificed on.. the :ar of retaliation, or the maxim.t ke cures likie." He laid special 'ess, however, on the fr.ct that byt coming a belligerent the United ates would lose its neutrality and t stroy the trust of friendship which t her nations held for America. ome nation must lift them out of e mire. and I crave that honor for e United States, whereby we will ite the most glorious page in alli story," he pleaded in conclusion. . Greece King Prepares. Athens. Wednesday: On receipt of e news that Bulgaria had ordered a neral mobilization of her troops. ng Constantine summoned to con-t rence Premier Venizelos and the embers of the general staff of the my. The premier subsequently lied a meeting of the catinet. Four Children Peri"'. Trapped by flames which destroyed: er homes while their mother was it calling, four children of Daniel-1 ish. a farmer of Large. r'enn.. were I irned to danth Thnrsdavy] BULGARIA NOW MARKS TIME WITH ARMY READY TO FIGHT Serbia Reports 800,000 German Troops are Available for Drive to Turkey. While Bulgaria is marking time and mobilizing her military forces, word comes from Nish, the Servian capital, that eight hundred thousand German troops, according to the most authoritative estimates there, are available for the forcing of a passage through Servia. As yet no general movement in this direction has been undertaken, al though preliminaries by the Germans are under way. Having crossed the Servian territory the Germans would have to advance through Bulgaria before they could bring aid to the rurks in Gallipoli and at Constanti ople. Bulgaria's future attitude may lepend on what action Germany akes with respect to Servia, or Ger nany may be awaiting the completion )f the Bulgarian mobilization. The Bulgarian legntion at London ias pointed out that both Roumania Lnd Greece have been mobilized for L considerable time and intimates hat Bulgaria has a right to do like arise without, causing adtonishment, yut has offered no explanation, of his government's action at the present ime. . The-efforts of the Entente >owers, however, are being directed rigorously towards bringing about re inion of all the Balkan.States.- . BULGAR ARMY 700,000 trmies of Rumania and Greece Would Furnish About 1,400,000. The victories of arms of the Cen ral Empires in Russia and the pro nged campaign of the Entente pow rs at the Dardanelles have evidently ncouraged the Sofia government to roclaim a war zone over that part of facedonia owned by Serbia and reece since the treaty of .Bucharest f 1913, so that should the Teutonic rmies reacl; Nish in their assault on erbia. they would, with Bulgaria's onsent, have the use of the Orient ailway, which runs from Nish to ,onstantinople, to. bring reinforce 2ents of munitions, and perhaps of ien, to the Turks. But even Bulgaria's mobilization f Serbian Macedonia is an unfriendly ct toward Serbia, while, according a the Serbo-Grecian treaty, Greece is bliged to intervene the moment Ser ia is attacked by another Balkan tate. Rumania. too, would be automati ally . drawn into the struggle, for, ith her people fully in sympathy rith Lh'e cause of the Entente powers, he has hitherto maintained an armed eutrility, hoping with the Entente owers that the concessions in Mace onta which Serbia and Greece were isposed to make to Bulgaria would e a sufficient inducement for the ttcr to continue her neutrality and. venr give pledges to the Entente pow re to that effect. Added to the moral effect of the 'eutonic victories in Russia has been de practical effect on the Bulgarian overnment of the Turkish conces ion, engineered by German agents, f land on the right bank of the oritza, which would enable the edeaghatch railway to run entirely n Bulgarian territory. This conces ion was made on July 23. It is understood that, although the lulgarian government sees its best aterests served by getting up an rmed neutrality with Teutonic sym athies, possibly to be followedL by itervention, the Bulgars themselves re not unanimously of this opinion, nd ministers of state have not heui ated to warn King Ferdinand of rev lution. Bulgaria's action in mobilizing fol >ws upon a demand made by the En ente power's -o'n Saturday last that he declare herself one way or the ther. It she intervenes on the side f the Central Empires, Bulgaria can 1ake little use of her famnous field rtillery which won her so many vic ories over the Turks in the first Bal an war, for the guns are French nd require the ammunition manu actured by the Schneiders at Le |reusot. Bulgaria's fighting machine is 2ade up as follows: Service-unitversal and compulsory rom20 to 45. ~-- - -- Infantry-T~'hirty-siz-'regiments of wo battalions, or eight companies. ach. -Artillery-Nine regiments of two ivisions, or fourteen guns, each; welve mountain batteries, and three attalions of fortress~. artillery, re pectively, of forty-eight and twelve uns.- - Cavalry-Nine line regiments or hirty-seven ~squadrons.. Miscellaneous--Three battalions of ioneers, one" railway battalion, 'one ontoon battalion, and one telegraph attalion. I LoNASSRElD ew York Financiers Agree on Seven .Hundred .Millison Dollars. The success of. the Anglo-French inacial conimission's efforts to es ablish-a. big .credit.loan here to Great ritain anl France, was virttially as-, .ured in- the opinion Wednesday of tmerican financiers in close todnch vith the situation. Wall Street expected an announce nent that an agreement had been eached within forty-eight hours. The' optimistie-view -of--the -sit-ua on entertained-by-many of-the -bank ,rs who have been conferring with he commission during its twelve-day tay in 'New York was not dimmed by he report that two details were yet o be agreed on. These, it was re orted, were not regarded as-- of >rime importance, and an agreement vas expected shortly. As outlined by american bankers, the proposed cred t loan will be.- for approximately even -hundred midllion dollars. Bulgaria Mobilizes Army. General mobilization of all militaty orces in Bulgaria for the purpose of rmed neutrality has been ordered by he Bulgarian government. Official innouncemnent of this order was corn nunicated by his government to M. Paietroff, the Bulgcrian minister at ashington. New Allied Army at the Straits. Berlin reports that one hundred and ten thousand additional troops ive been sent by the Allies to the Dardanelles. They are British and rench troops. CRISIS IN RUSSIA ARMY WILL LEAD REVOLUTI0O AS SOON AS PEACE COMES lRAFTERS CRIPPLE ARM Czar's Artillery Was Helpless on A( count of Wrong Sized Shells Gunners Looked on I espairingl While Austro-German Canno Blasted a Way to Facile Victories A dispatch from Stockholm to th Associated Press says the fall oi War saw and the failure of the Russial defensive campaign to prevent th German invasion of Poland have ha a much more profound effect upol Russian national feeling than is ad mitted in dispatches from Petrograd The feeling which has shaken thi constitutionally stolid and unemo tional country from one end to th other is not one of discouragement o submission. It has not moved an one to talk of ultimate defeat-or th possibility of Russia's undertakinj peace negotiations with Germany Russia's reaction is one of intense in dignation at the government official who have been responsible for bei tragic shortage of ammunition. .The full tragedy of this shortagi has only been observed by the mei at the front who, with empty guz caissons, have helplessly faced tho concentrated artillery attacks of tho enemy and have watched the assure( progress of the German and Austriaz trench builders under their very posi tions without the possibility of stop ping them. These soldiers were determined experienced fighters, Russia's besi troops, acquitting . themselves wit] unusual bravery in every bayonet ac tion, but crippled and finally demor alized by insufficient ammunition ani the knowledge that it was this lacl of ammunition- that ordered theil continued retreat from one positior to another. The most rigidly censored press it the world and a national and inherent inhibition of free comment of any sort has failed to check the ava lanche of criticism and the accusa tions which have been made againsi the government officials who are held responsible. For once, 4xpression oi >pinion in Russia has become fret and unhampered. No attempt is made to conceal thi reproach. against the methods of the bureaucrats who are accused of hav ing crippled Russia's fighting strength and materially delayed the and of the war. It is not expressed alone by men of revolutionary incli nations or opposition tendencies, nor is it uttered in hushed voices or sec ret places, but it is loudly and clam 3rously current everywhere among men of all parties and classes. A prominent member of the Duma said to an American-correspondent in Petrograd a few days ago: "The Rus sian people are on the threshold of a great awakening. Every one in Rus sia, officer, civilian, and mouik, knows why Russia has been com pelled to surrender a large part of her territory. They know that they have good officers and that the fight ng strength and spirit of the Rus' sian troops are as high as at the be inning of the war. They know also hat they have been forced to retreat r stand helpless before the murder >s fire of German artillery, while heir own guns have had only a few ounds of ammunition that had to be paringly used.. "Withouit understanding the pecu iar metjsods of the purchasing com nissions -whose business- it is to sup ly themi with ammunition, they ai Least rei~ize 'thaf th'ei gvei'nient ih at -fault, 4hat -t-ey: have -been sent nto~trenches impossible to defend umd that tens of thousands of them on lie :dead as a result of the delay n th~e delivery of ammunition. "In my opiniowr4in' this- preseni wakenng ZQP the-armny and the peo leto the- erlkninal neglect and cor uptiin ie.efficials, there are the gerisi of .thggnost perious revolution Russia b~as, ver known-a revolution supported by .the army. This revolu ion will come as soon as Uhe war F >ver." In: this protest, which is being se bitterly expressed in Russia, there is not an atom of disloyalty. It is, it fact, a very high expression of a loyalty which is resentful that the purpose of the nation is being frus rated and the chances of victory eakened by some of its own officials common view is that the evil is ac ounted for by the residue of Germsan influence which still exists in the va rious departments of the government It was a spirit of revolt againsi this persistent German element im Russia that caused the terrible Mc.+ ow riots of two months. ago. Wht-m he order expelling all Germans fron the city was not enforced by the city uthorities, the mob decided to take the znatter in its own hands and ex pel them forcibly by destroying their homs, business and-property. Evidene df the sdme spirit of pro test has appeared in a milder form is Petrograd, where numerous meeting: denouncing corruption of governmen1 officials were broken up by the police n these meetings it was openly 'de dared that Russian officials were de feating the attempts of the army tc win the war and that while they' con tinued in powver -victory was impos sibe. The allegation was made that th4 Russian officials who superintendet tse ~purchase of wvar munitions were primrily interested in seizing the op pomity which the war offered their of amassing a fortune at the expens' of the government and insisting upor such a large commission on all con tracts that the business of buying wai materials waited while the purchas ing commissions adjusted satisfac torily the amount of commissior which they were to obtain. American and Enagl ish busines men wvho have been trying to sel ammunition to the Russians govern mnent state that, without an averag payment of 10 per' 'ent. commI!~issior on all sides, it, was imnpossible to d< business with the Russian purchasint; commissions. In somed cases the con tract, they say, is delayed while th< amount of commission is' adjusted and it is not an unusual thing fol this delay to be a matter of months This is necessarily a simplified ex position of what has been delayin; the Russian purchiase of ammunition but it contains whlat virtually ever: observer in Russia since the begin nin of the war regards ns the funda mental reason-a reason that has ' flamed popular feeling to its presE high pitch of indignation. A short time before the fall Warsaw, it seemed that the situati had been greatly improved by t arrival of 2,000,000 shells. It % not until some of these were taken the actual firing line that it was d covered, according to reports, ti they were a fraction of an inch t large to fit any Russian gun. By odd coincidence, however, they w( of the exact calibre -to fit some of t German artillery. Stories of this sort wbich are wi< ly circulated in Russia have do nothing to soothe the agitated st, - of mind of the public. It is also w F known that a large amount of shn nel was offered Russia by Americ a manufacturers, six months ago, I for some reason or other was not . cepted. Since that time Russia I been forced to buy the same shrapi at almost double the first price qui ed. e It is the opinion of most milita jobservers that with a full supply ammunition the Lublin-Chelm li and the Russian positions along t Vistula could have been effective s defended. Russian staff officers ev . go so far as to say that if the G4 B man advance could have been delay r a week longer sufficient ammuniti could have arrived to turn the ti B and save the Vist'ula line the fall the Polish fortresses, and Berl says the battle now raging probal will decide the fate of Riga. s Officers who helped to conduct t r retreat of the Russians from positi, to position-from one line of trehel a literally swept away by German f i to another awaiting the same fate. i describe vividly the tragedy of figl ? ing with insufficient ammunition. B German and Austrian trench buil i ers, the descriptions run, appear and began work not far from t - Russian positions. Russian office - gauging the distances through th instruments signaled to their batte ,commanders, but received the rep in almost every case that there w I no ammunition to waste. Accordin ly the Teutons built their trenches plain sight of the Russian positio and in such easy range of the Ri sian batteries that a few rounds ammuition could have wiped o every sign of the invaders. Thus, the Russian officers recour while they watched from their obse vation trenches the cool, assured pr gress of the enemy, they could < nothing. An enforced idleness at utter helplessness lay on riflemi and gunners, for in most of the ba teries the larger guns, which alo, could have been instrumental in hol ing the Germans, were provided wil only ten rounds of ammunition. Whenever there was* a chance fight, the Russian soldiers foug with great. obstinacy, but in the m jority of cases the tempest of the Ge man artillery attack so far accor plished its aim thgt a charge w superfluous. Sometimes as many A sixteen German guns concentrate upon one Russian position tore I every sign of the Russian intienc1 ments. When the Germans advanc( upon the trenches there was no opp sition. In many cases not a sing Russian soldier was alive. The Ge mans then prepared to take the ne: position and the performance was r peate'd. - Meanwhile the Russians were e: pending befbre retreat actually t1 last shell. Caissons laden wil ammunition were rushed up at fu speed to the battery positions, u loaded and vainly spent. Continu; rumors were heard that fresh amm1 nition was arriving. It was, but was coming too slowly. Two dal before Warsaw was abandoned ax munition began to arrive in largi quantities, but the Russian force threatened with being completely ci off by the encircling movement whit the Gerithans were attempting, cou: no. longer gamble on the chance of eleventh-hour arrival of ammunitio: Realizing that the present war is war of ammunition and that, impro erly equipped in this irespect, Ru sia's large army is reduced in pow to an army of one-half its potenti size, Russia is at present exertir every effort to remove the obstac1 to the quicker delivery of ammun tion. The Grand Duke Sergius, wi has general supervision over the d partment of artillery and am.mun tion, is beginning a campaign again the evil which has been Russia chief internal enemy in this war. IIARDINGi LOOKS FOR COTTON TO SELL AT TWELVE CEN1 Member of Federal Reserve Boal Says Foreign Demand Will Cause Increased Value. W. P. G. Harding. member of t federal reserve board. in an addre delivered at the annual banquet the Raleigh, N. C.. chamber of cor merce Thursday night, declared th; '-it is no longer a secret that there a broad foreign demand. for cotto: Estimates now range from ten millic to twelve million baices, and a pri of twelve cents looks lezs improbab than ten cents did a month ago. 'For the first time the crop mov ment has begun with an abundan of cheap money available for Sout era bankers. and upon their jud ment. advice and co-operation d pends. to a large degree, the quc tion of whether or not farmers sht receive intrinsic valuca for cottc this season. The financial emancip tionl of the rural South is no long an iridescent dream." BULGiARS FORTIFY PORTS; WARSIIIPS SEEK IIAVEB - Atiens Reports Feverish Activity I the Black Sea-Russia Aims iat Yarna. .Athiens reports via Paris Friia: I Diplomatic circles have been inforr ed that Bulgarian warships whi<j were stations at Varna on the Bla< Sea b'ave sought shelter in a neig boring bay. Large numbers of mo are working at feverish speed to f( ify iulgarian Black Sea ports. T: valuables of the branches of the N .tional Bank at Burgas and Vara rhave been removed to Sofia. The- belief has been expressed - Bugaria that if that country raigns itself on the sides of the Te .tonie allies Russia would attempt invasion through the port of Varr - thirty hours hail from Odessa. t ERMANY YIELDS of on he as AGREES TO AMERICAN VIEWS ON to is- TIE FRYE INCIDENT 00 an ,oo SACCEPTS OUR PROPOSA he le ne Berlin Agrees to Plan for Naming Ex Lte ell perts to Fix Indemnity and Tells of LP~ New Orders Issued to Naval Com an ut manders - Cites Agreement' as I~C- - tas Proof of Friendly Feeling. iel Germany, in its latest not' in the Frye case, made public Thursday, notifies the United States that orders 17 have been issued "to the German. of naval forces not to destroy American ne merchantmen which have loaded con he ditional contraband, even when the ly conditions of International law are en present, but to permit them to con ar- tinue their voyage-unhindered if it is ed not possible to take them into port." 0-1 Germany gave this assurance in de order to furnish, to the American of gov.ernment evidence of its concilfaa tory attitude," while the question of ay interpreting the treaty of 1828 Is submitted to arbitration. The Amer he can suggestion for the naming of ex-' Dn perts to fix the indemnity for sinking* es the Frye Is accepted. .re As for absolute contraband such as - arms and ammunition, Germany it- states in its note that "it must re serve to itself the right to destroy d- vessels carrying aL3olute contraband ed wherever such destruction is.,permis he sible according to the provisions of rs the declaration of Lbndon." ir The German bnote -is regarded by ry officials as evincing a more.friendly ly spirit on the part of the Germaa for as eign office. After months of strained g- selations between the two countries it in was received as a very favorable Ae Ls, velopment. L- It practically insures American of vessels against attack without warn at Ing and even in the event that they are carryin g absolute contraband, t, passengers. and crew are bound, 'ac r- cording to the declaration of Lon 0- don, to be removed before there is Ic any destruction, which also can oe id cur only in the event of -extreme nec Bn essity. t- The note' follows: "With regard i first to the ascertainment of the dam d- age by experts the German govern th ment belteves. that it should dispense with the n'ominatun .of an umpire. to In the cases of the ascertainment of damages hitherto arrangedibetween; the German government and a nen tral governmenf from similar causes; the experts named by the..two..partes' have always reached an agreement as Is to the amount of the damages with out difficulty; should it not be pos sible, however, to reach an agr ment on some point, it could probab be settled by diplomatic negotiations. Assuming that the American. govern lement agrees to this, the German-gov ernment names as its expert Dr. Kepn r- of Bremen, director of the North Ger man Lloyd; it begs to await the des e ignation -of the American expert. "The Geman'government declares that it agrees to the proposal of the American government, to separate . the question of indemnity from the question of the interpretation of the Prussion-American treaties of 1785, 11799 and 1828. It therefore'again 'expressly. states that in making pay iment it does not acknowledge the sviolation- of the treaty as contended by the American side,,.but it will ad ermit that the settlement of the ques stion of Indemnity does not prejudice at the arrangement of the differences of Iopinion concerning the interpretation of treaty rights, and that this dispute is left to be decided by :The Hague tribunal of arbitration. a l"The negotiations' relative to the P|signing of the compromise provided - s- by article 52 of The Hague arbitra ar tion donvention would best be cofi a! ducted between the foreign office and Lg the American embassy at Berlin in as view of the difficulties in the way of .1"i- nstructing the imperial ambassador to at Washington. In case the Amern e an government agrees the foreign' 1office is prepared to submit to'te Sembassy a draft of such a7 compro-., s misc. "The American government's in' T 4uiry whether the Germaa govera-~ ;-. ment will govern its naval operations in accordance with the German or the American interpretation of the treaty- --' Sstipulations on the question, pending the arbitral proceedings, has~ been carefully considered by the Germaa~< ed government. From the standpoint of law and equity, it is not pi-eventei its opinion from proceedings against' American ships carrying contrabandl . according to its interpretation utilil e the question is settled by arbitratiom-..' - s"For the German government dqes Snot need to depart from the applica - t ion of generally recognized rules of Sthe law of maritime war,.*as the'dec-. Slaration of London unless and insofar ias an exception based on a treaty -Is established beyond all doubt. .In the case of the present difference of opmn lion between the German ands the American governments such an excep etion could not be taken to be estab l ished except on the ground of the - Sarbitral award. Moreover, the d~isad v. antages to Germany which would en esue from the American interpretation s- of the treaty stipulations would be so 11 much greater .as to be out of propor t ion to those which the German inter apretation would entail for the United r States. For whereas the American. interpretation would materially im- K pede Germany in her conduct of war- -$ tare hardly any particular disadvan tage to American citizens would re sult from the German interpretation S since they receive full reparation for any property damage sustained. 'Nevertheless, the German govern ment, in order to furnish to the. )f American government evidence of Its conciliatory attitude, has issu'ed or ders to the German naval forces not to destroy American merchantmen which have loaded conditional con i: tr'aband even when the conditions of n- international law are present, but to yh permit them to continue their voyage yk unhindered if it is not possible to h take them into port. On the other an hand, it must reserve to itself the wr- right to destroy vessels carrying ab b~e solute contraband wherever such de a- struction is permissible according tO aia the provisions of the declaration of London." t Send Third ScPof Papers. u- The eamination questions for an Rhodles stholrs have left England a. for the' thiird time. The first set were 11- lost on the- Arabie and the second