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fAVOR N ISSUE. ElATE SEns lEiSURE TO THUo [IN TUESDAY E LIlNATIDN DEBATED Bouse Discusses Total Elimination I Idea While Senate Substitutes "2,500 Pounds Lint to the Ani mat" Bil for "Six-Acre" Reduction by House-Senate on Bond Issue. BF the overwhelming majority of 27 to 4, the Senate late Tutesday -night went on record as favoring a bond Issue to buy cotton. Only four senators, Williams, Mars, Carlisle and Black, voted to strike out the en acting words of the bill. An amend ment increasing the amount of the bond issue to $35,000,000 was adopt ed. 18 to 12, and the bi passed to third reading. The motion to strike out the enact tag words cleared up what at one time looked like a tangle which the gackers of the bond issue were abouf to get themselves into. One wing wanted the Issue to remain at $25, 000,000 and another wing wanted it increased and there were signs of ap proaching dissension, when the mo tion to strike out the enacting words by Senatog Mars cleared up the in cipient bickering among the advo pates of the bond issue and solidified thein behind it. The House Tuesday night took up the rQueen bill, looking to the total elimination of cotton planting during the year 1915. Mr. MrQueen, who has long been enthusiastilally in favor of the plan, spoke at length in favor of the measure. Mr. Friday of Orangeburg avored Ielimination and said 80 per cent -of his people wanted total elimina lion. He wanted the bill passed at ence, and felt it would accomplish much good. The Senate late Friday afternoon declared for the poucy of reducing <otton through restricting the pro intion by adopting the Sulivan bill as a amendment to the House bill, which reduced the acreage two-thirds and -limited it to six acres to the work animal. The bill as now amend edby the Senate limits the produc tion to 2,500 pounds lint-cotton to -the work animal and places a tax of ftve nents a pound on all cotton over this amount. The vote for the Sulli n amendment was 20 to 8. Those favoring it being Senators ckerman, Appelt, Carlisle, Clifton, Goodwin, Gross, Hough, Johnson, D. . B. Ketchin, Lawson, Mars, McCown, >McLaurin Nicholson, Patterson, Sharpe, Verner, Williams, Young, ; TotaL 20. Those voting against the amendment were Senators Beam guard, Black, -Buck, Ginn, A. John son Laey. Lae,$tuckey. Total, 8. -The bill as amended was then passed t. third reading. The Senate then discussed the pro posed $X5,000,000 cotton bonds. An i--, amendment offered by Senator Ap pelt to raise the amount of the ,bonds to $50,000,000 brought on prolonged - debate. Declaring thtit was an " 'heroic act only justified -by the gray <9t y of the situation" .Senator Alan Johnstone explained the bond pro - osal and advocated the $50,000,000 amendment saying It was better to take care of the whole situation than -half of it. He argued that the pro posal to save the cotton crop through - -saming of bonds was sound legally and financially'and in an exhaustive - review of the situation made a strong argument for the bond Issue. A concurrent-resolution, introdue "ed by Senator Appelt, requesting Cir e ult Judges not to allow any fore closures before October 1, 1915, was -adopted ,by the Senate without oppo aition and sent over to the House. -This carries out the Idea of Governor Blesse not to sell any property under foreclosure prior to the first of Octo .ber next year. Mr. Selser of Sumter vigorously opposed In the House the passage'of the total elimination bill. He said that the elimination of cotton would not exterminate the boll weevil in 'the opinion of experts in the United States department of agriculture. Mr. Belser believed It doubtful that other cotton states would adopt a policy of -total elimination of the cotton crop. -Mr. B~lser pointed out that only two or three of the county-branches of the Southern Cotton congress in the State had indorsed total elimination of cot ton. Mr. 'Sapp of Lancaster declared that farmers who produced cotton were largely in favor of prohibiting its cultivation next year. He argued that unless the planting of cotton was -prohibited In total the supply of the staple would be far in excess of the demand. Mr. Sapp declared that from 85 to 90 per cent. of the far mers were In favor of total elimina tion. He predicted that at least nine -and one-halt million bales of the -present cotton crop would ,be carried over until next year. VISIT BIRD EXHIBT. Farmers Invited 'to Look at Display at State Fair. The farmers all over our State are invited and urged to attend .the exhi *bition on -Bird Protection in the Agri cultural Building during the State Fair, which begins next Tuesday. This exhibit Is the first of the kind ever held in this State. It is under the auspices of the National Association of Audubon Societies in co-operation with the Bird Committee of the Fed eoration of Women's Clubs. This exhibit w~ill be interesting and instructive. Scientific experts have been studying the food habits of birds for years. Some of the results of these investigations will ,be shown by picture, chart and publications. Ow ing to their feeding habits most birds are of immense value to farmers. Therefore, birds should be protected. A resident Hunter's License law affords one of the best means of bird protection. This is taught by the ex pdrience of other states possessing such a law. One of the greatest ene mies of -bird life Is the common cat. A place will be given to the cat in this exhibit. There will be display of -models .of practical bird houses and .boxes which can be constructed for a few cents. Valuable literature on the subject of bird protection can be obtained from Belle Williams, Chairman Bird committee, South Carolina Federation Women's Clubs, Columbia, S. C. Bombs Dropped on Ostend. A German aviator dropped two bomrbs on Ostend Monday, neither of which exploded. Seven New Zeppelins. Germany is reported to be building four new Zeppelins at Antwerp and three at Brussels. Swimming Collars for Sailors. The 'British admiralty has provid ed swimming collars for the safety of - Its ailors. rOPICS FOR THE FARMER ANITARY HOME FOR FOWLS IS A NECESSITY. rhe First Step in Profitable Egg Pro duction is to Give Your Hens the Proper Quarters. The -first step to be taken in the lirection of profitable egg production n South Carolina, according to F. C. Ir lare, poultry husbandman of Clem ion college, is to provide a sanitary )oultry house for the fowls. Up-tb late hens, with modern efficiency nethods of manufacturing eggs, re luire "modern conveniences" in their iomes just as much as do up-to-date eople and they will not do good work if made to live in what might , )e called "chicken slums." Mr. Hare d tas outlined in somple form what is d 'just the thing" in poultry house con struction for South Carolina and m some of these directions follow. fc First, says Mr. Hare, who has the d4 eputation of knowing what to say n1 rhen the subject of conversation is tc Moultry houses-remodel your poul- t :ry house, if necessary, and made it :onform to South Carolina conditions, inder which fowls require an open Iront, draft-proof house in winter md as cooT a house as possible in gi 3ummer. If you want to build, erect w m inexpensive house closed tight on im ,he east and west sides (also on the w 2orth side in winter) and open on la the south or front. A good size to ff %ccommodate forty fowls is 10 feet h long by 8 feet wide, with the studs 6 t1 reet high in front and 4 feet high in el the rear. The 10-foot side 6 feet g high faces south. - Cover this south front with 3-4 01 inch mesh wire netting, with the ex- d .eption of 2 feet at the bottom, which board Sp to prevent winds from blow- iE ing in on the fowls. If you do not p need to keep out rats or sparrows c you can use 2 inch mesh wire netting, p which is cheaper than the smaller ca mesh. A door 2 1-2 feet wide is plac- ti ed at either end of the front and cov- h: Bred with wire netting and boards. tl Before completing the rear (north) ci side, make three wooden doors 2 feet e wide and about 3 .feet long for the o: ipper half of the wall. Hinge them cl outside to di'op down and cover the fo openings with wire netting. These d back doors must be closed tight in cold weather,.but -by opening them in is summer the hot air inside the house h Is removed by the draft created and s( the house is much cooler than one a with no circulation. b Have the roosts and nests remov- h able. Small packing boxes from the t] grocery store with clean straw and a U couple of nest eggs in them. are more tA sanitary than nests built under the n dropboard or nailed to the house s where they can not be readily clean- s ed. Nail four laths to the boxes, t raise them one foot fron the ground 0 and place them against the wall Six v nests are sufficient. 1 Two roosts about 10 feet long are f required, made of 2 by 3 inch dressed n lumber with the corners of .e 2- s inch face (on which the fowls roost) s rounded. Nail cleats 4 inches wide 1 by 2 feets long to the side walls, with P two notches 2 inches wide by 1 1-2 a inches deep cut in them 14 inches 3 apart, these 'being for the roosts to m rest in. The two roosts are level (not one above the other, which P causes fighting for' possessions of the C top roost) with the upper edge 30 ~ inches above the sill, and the rear a roost 10 inches from the north wall. t The dropboard is 30 inches wide by C about 10 feet long, placed 6. inches t below the bottom of the roosts'. Clean 1 off the droppings at least once a J week. Keep scratching material on the 1 floor. A dry earth floor is satisfac- 1 tory. Fill in with garden soil so that ' it is higher than the outside ground, then cover it with 6 inches of straw, pine straw, leaves, litter of any kind t or chavings. Place the water dish E on a box or shelf of sufficient size for ~ the hents to stand on it, in order to t keep the water clean of litter and ~ dirt. The house is now completed and E ready for the fowls, but in remodel- ~ ing an old house with crevices in I which mites can hide, it is necessary to cover the interior with heavy t building paper fastened on with laths. ~ When finished, limewash the walls ~ and the house will be both mite-. proof and bright. -E I LONG SIEGES OF HISTORY. Confederates Defense of Richmond. Extended Over Four Years. I t The Franco-Prussian war of 1870- E 71 was remarkable for its seiges, e says Tit-Bits. Bazaine held out at t Metz against the Germans for nearly t two months, and finally surrendered i; with 6,000 officersand 173,000 men. t For this he had to submit to court- e martial, and was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment. Afterward a came the siege of Paris, which lasted t six months. Thousands of shells a were rained on the city every day by a the Germans, and no fewer than 40;- c 000 of the inhabitants succumbed to y disease and hunger. That lengthy t sieges are quite possible, even in c these days of huge guns, is illustrated t by Chukri Pasha's gallant defence of t Adrianople last year for 155 days. t Then there was the comparatively re- i: cent great siege of Port Arthur in the f Russo-Japanese war in 1904-05, p which finally capitulated after 'being t blockaded by Admiral Togo for 210 y days. The name of Gen. Stoessel a will rank with those of the greatest c soldiers of modern times. In Ottoman and Russian military c history there has never been a siege d like that of Plevna in 1877, when c Osman Pasha defied the Russians for c 144 days, and finally surrendered on a December 10. with 30,000 men and a 100 guns, owing to provisions and r ammunition running short. In the t: same year Kars, long the bulwark of a the Ottoman Empire in Asia, was a stormed by the Russians after a siege c of five months. Twenty-two years c earlier the fortress had been bril- b liantly defended for eight months y against the Russians by the Turks under Gen. Williams, who had but ti 15.000 men against 50,000-.t Even these sieges, however, are C somewhat insignificant when compar- u ed with some others. The longest n siege occurred in the Amerian civil o war, when the Confederates defended a the town of Richmond for 1,485 days, ec or ;just over four years. Sebastopol, ft in the Crimean war, held out for s< eleven months, while Gen. Gordon de- tI fended Khartoum against the Sou- a danese for 300 days. The sieges of t< Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking, a in the South African war, lasted 120, it 123 and 261 days, respectively. There al is probably, however, no siege which ft Britishers like to read about so much ti as that carried out by France and e Spain in their endeavors to carry the ti Rock of Gibraltar, 1779-83. Alto- y gether the siege lasted nearly four mx years, and, as the world knows. re- tr sulted in a complete triumph of Brit- bi ish arms, in spite of thU' fact that the w mnemy nunmbered 30,000 to 40,000 lia nen, while the defenders could only ol nuster 7,000-.e ' ' in Half Million Wounded-.t It is estimated that there are a half or 'RAISES CONURESS LESIDENT SENDS ;ORMENDA TIONS TO UNDEVOOD. EVIEWS WORK OF PARTY Lengthy Letter Democratic Leader Writes to Congressional Head and Expresses His Endorsement of Members' Work-Nation Should Entrust Party With Other Reforms President Wilson made public Sun y a letter to Majority Leader Un rwood of the House, in which he viewed the achievements of his ad inistration, outlined the. program r the next session of congress and clared "the Democratic party is w in fact the only instrument ready the country's hand by which any ing can be. accomplished." "The White House, "Washington, Oct. 17, 1914. di Dear Mr. Underwood: "I can not let this session of con -ess close without expressing my arm admiration for the fidelity and tolligence with which the program itlined in April and December of st year has been carried out, and my eling that the people of the country ve been served by the members of is congress as they have seldom, if rer, been served before. The pro -am was a great one, and it is a atter of deep satisfaction to think the way in which it has been han ed. "It had several distinct parts and any items, but, after all, a single irpose, namely, to destroy private introl and set business free. That irpose was manifest enough in the se of the tariff and in the legisla on affecting trusts; but, though per ips less evident upon the surface ere, it lay at the very heart of the irrency bill, too. May I not add, ren though it lies outside the field legislation, that that, and that iefly, has been the object of he reign policy of the government aring the last 18 months. "Private control had shown its sin ter face on every hand in America, ad shown it for a long time, and >metimes very brazenly, in the trusts id in a virtual domination of credit r small groups of men. The safest iding place and covert of such con -ol was in the tariff. 'There it for a ng time. hid very shrewdly. The riff was a very complicated matter; one but experts thoroughly under ood its schedules. Many of the hedules were framed to afford par cular advantages to special groups f manufacturers and investors. Thai as the soil in which trade combi ations and combinations of manu icturers most readily grew, and lost rankly. High prices did noi pring directly out of the tariff. The3 prang out of the supl-reasion of do Lestic, no less than of foreign, com etition by means of combination. ad trade agreements which could b( iuch more easily contrived ani taintained under the protection of g igh tariff than without it. The Euro ean war came before the withdrawa: f this much-coveted opportunity foi ionopoly to show Its full effect- and etive competition bring prices t! teir normal level again; but it it ear enough already that the reduc ion of the tariff, the simplification 0: :s schedules so as to cut away the angle in which secret agencies has o long lurked, the correction of iti equalities, and its thorough recast ig with the single honest object o: evenue, were an indispensable firs1 top to re-establishing competition. "The present congress has taker tat step with courage, sincerity ani ffectiveness. The lobby 'by whici ome of the worst features of the oli iriff had been maintained was driver way by the mere pitiless turning 0r f the light. The principle was adopt d that each duty levied was to bi sted by the inquiry whether it wai ut at such a figure and levied ir uch a manner as to provoke competi. ion. The soil in which combination. ad grown was removed lest some o: tie seeds of monopoly might be founi a remain in it. The thing had need. d to be done for a long time, bui obody had ventured before to under ake it in systematic fashion. No Panic Came. "The panic that the friends of priv ege had predicted did not follow lusiness has already adjusted itsell a the new conditions with singulai ase and elasticity, because the new onditions are in fact more norma tan the old. The revenue lost b: tie import duties was replaced by ai acome tax which in part shifted the urden of taxation to the should. rs more certainly able to bear it. "We had time to learn from th4 ctual administration of th'e law thal tie revenue resulting from the dou le change would have been abund nt had it not been for the breaking ut of the present war in Europe rhich affects almost every route oj rade and every market in the worli utside of the United States. Unti: tie war ends and until its affects pon manufacture and commerc4 ave been corrected we shall have t( npose additional taxes to make uj or the loss of such part of our im. ort duties as the war cuts off by cut ing off the imports themselves-! eritable war tax, though we are noi t war; for war, and only war, is the ause of it. "It is fortunate that the reductiox f the duties came first. The impor1 uties collected under the old tarif anstituted a much larger proportioz f the whole revenue of the govern ent than do the duties under the ew. A still larger proportion of the evenue would have been cut off by ae war had the old taxes stood, anc larger war tax would have been ecessary as a consequence. No mis lculation, no lack of foresight, has reated the necessity for the taxes, ut only a great catastrophe world ide in its operation and effects. "With similar purpose and in a like !mper the congress has sought, in ie trade commission bill and in the layton bill, to make men in a small ay of business as free to succeed as Len in a big way and to kill monop ly in the seed. Before these bills ere passed the law was already ear enough that monopolies once rmed were illegal and could be dis lved by direct process of law and iose who had created them punished for crime. But there was no law Scheck the process by which mo poly was built up until the tree was il grown and its fruit developed, or, any rate, until the full opportunity >r monopoly had been created. With is new legislation there is clear and fficient law to check and destroy te noxious growth in its infancy. onopolies are built up by unfair ethods of competition, and the new ad commission has power to for d and prevent unfair competition, tether upon a big scale or upon a :tle; whether just begun or grown d and formidable. Monopoly is eated also by putting the same men charge of a variety of business en rprises, whether apparently related unrelated to one another, by means in terocking dlirectoates. That t'he Clayton bill now- in large measure prevents. Each enterprise must de pend upon its own initiative and effec tiveness for success, and upon the in telligence and business energy of the G men who officer it. And so all along the line: Monopoly is to be cut off at the roots. "Incidentally, justice has been done the laborer. His labor is no F longer to be treated as if it were merely an inanimate object of com merce disconnected from the for tunes and happiness of a living hu man being, to be dealt with as an ob ject of sale and barter. But that, a great as it is, is hardly more than the sl natural and inevitable corollary of a ri law whose object is individual free- t! dom and initiative as against any iE kind of private domination. "The accomplishment of this legis- a lation seems to me a singularly sig- t nificant thing. If our party were to r: be called upon to name the particu- h lar point of principle in which it dif- n fers from its opponents most sharply and in which it feels itself most defi- g nitely sustained by experience, we t should no doubt say that it was this: c That we would have no dealings with t] monopoly, ,but reject it altogether; 0 while our opponents were ready to adopt it into the realm of law and 0 seek merely to regulate it and moder- s, ate it in its operation. It is our pur- 11 post to destroy monopoly and main- 0 tain competition as the only effectual t) instrument of business liberty. d "We have seen the nature and the power of monopoly exhibited. We h know that it is more apt to control e government than to be controlled by p it, for we have seen it control govern- a ment, dictate legislation and domi- 11 nate executives and courts. We feel n that our people are safe only in the t fields of free individual endeavor a where American genius and initia- v tive are not guided by a few men as in recent years, but made rich by the activities of a multitude, as in days b now almost forgotten. We will not consent that an ungovernable giant should be reared to full stature in the very household. of the govern ment itself. Democracy of Credit. "In like manner by the currency bill we have created a democracy of credit such as has never existed in 0 this country before. For a genera tion or more we have known and ad- 1 mitted that we had the worst banking I and currency system in the world, because the volume of our currency was wholly inelastic; that is, because there was more than enough at cer tain seasons to meet the demands of commerce and credit, and at other times far too little; that we could not lessen the volume when we need ed less nor increase it when we need- S ed more. Everybody talked about I the absurd system and its quite un- t necessary embarrassments, sure to ( produce periodic panics; and every- t 'body said that it ought to be changed and changed very radically; but no body took effective steps to change it until the present congress addressed itself to the task with genuine reso lution and an intelligence which ex pressed itself in definite action. And now the things is done. "Let bankers explain the technical features of the new system. Suffice it here to say that it provides a cur rency which expands as it is needed, and contracts when it is not needed; a currency which comes into -exist ence in response to the call of every man who can show a going business and a concrete basis for extendingt credit to him, however obscure or 1 prominent he may be, however .big or little his business transactions. "More than that, the power to di rect this system of credits is put into the hands of a public board of dis interested officers pf the government< itself who can make no money out of I anything they do in connection with It. No group of bankers anywhere can get control; no one part of the country can concentrate the advan tages and conveniences of the system< upo itself for its own selfish advan tage. The board can oblige the banks of one region to go to the assistance of the banks of another. The whole< resources of the country are mobil ized, to be employed where they are most needed. I think we are .iustified In spaking of this as a democracy of credit. Credit is at the disposal of every man who can show energy and assets. Each reg'on of the country is set to study its own needs and oppor- < tunities and the whole country stands by to assist. It is self-government as well as democracy. "I understand why it was not pos sible at this session to mature legis-1 lation intended pecially for the devel rural, or rather, agricultural credits; .but the federal reserve act itself facil itates and enlarges agricultural credit in an extraordinary degree. The] farmer is as much a partner in the new democracy of credit as the mer chant or manufacturer. Indeed, spe cial and very liberal provision is made for his need, as will speedily appear when the system has been a little while in operation. His assets are as available as any other man's, and for credits of a longer term. "There have been many other measures passed of extraordinary Im portance, for the session has been singularly rich in thoughtful and con structive legislation; but I have men tioned the chief acts for which this congress will be remembered as very notable, indeed. I did not mean' when I began to write to make this letter so long, and even to mentionc the other legislation that is worthy t of high praise would extend it to an inordinate length. My purpose in writing was merely to express my I own great admiration by the industryi and the leadership, as well as theg wisdom and constructive skill, whichc has accomplished all these things. a "I wish I could speak by name ofs the many men who have so honor- f ably shared in these distinguished x labors. I doubt if there has ever been a finer exhibition of teamwork s or of unhesitating devotion to the ful fillment of party pledges-and yet ( the best of it is that the great meas- x ures passed have shown, I venture to e say no partisan bias, but only a spirit of serious statesmanship. I am proud ~ to have been associated with such ~ men, working in such a spirit through e so many months of unremitted labor at trying tasks of counsel. It has ~ been a privilege to have a share In a such labors. I wish I could express ~ to every one of the members who have thus co-operated together my personal appreciation of what he has helped to do. This letter may, I, hope, serve in some sort as a substi- e tute for that. Voters Will Reward. f "I look forward with confidence to r the elections. The voters of the Uni- h1 ted States have never failed to re- iF ward real service. They have never f: failed to sustain a congress and ad- a ministration that were seeking, as t. this congress, and. I .believe, this ad- d ministration, have sought, to render p them a permanent and disinterested si benefit in the shape of reformed and ir rectified laws. They know that, ex- E traordinary as the record is which I cl have recited, our task is not done: " that a great work of constructive de- u velopment remains to be accomplish- vi ed, in building up our merchant ma- sa rine, for instance, and in the comple tion of a great program for the con- ti servation of our natural resources and the development of the water power of the country-a program which has at this session already been carried several steps toward consum mion. They know, too, that with-j RESISTANCE IS FIERCE q EIDIANS AND ATF.S TAKE AND RETAIKE TRENCHES. ogs Cover Advance of French Ma rines Who Creep Upon the Ger mans and Surprise Them. The German invaders are meeting vigorous resistance in efforts to iorten their lines and rest their ght wing further southward upon le English Channel. Much fighting being done in the obscurity of fogs. French marines are giving a good ,count.of themselves. German troops ied a surprise attack on the ma nes Sunday, but the French force eld the field works against superior umbers. The fight lasted all day. A thick fog covered the entire re ion Monday and the marines, accus )med to such weather conditions, rept close up to the German -enches. "No shooting," was the rder; "use the bayonet!" The marines got within thirty feet f the trenches before they were -en. Their coming was heralded too tte for the defenders, who were bay neted in the trenches and beyond ie trenches as they ran. Four hun red* German prisoners were taken. One of the places where the French ad been *most harassed is near the bow of the western line. The im ortant position there had been taken nd retaken frequently during the st three weeks. Every time the Ger ians had been obliged to abandon e position they returned in force nd pushed back the French by eight of numbers. The French took the position for he twelfth time and held it for ten .ours. Then came a shock of the uman battering ram and the French The Germans began fortifying the lace, but while they were engaged a this task the earth heaved and here was a deafening explosion. The en hours the French held- the point ad been sufficient to mine every rod ,f the ground. It is estimated that bree German ,battalions were annihi ted. The, strength of the German ositions north of Roye, which facili ated their movements toward Lille, s explained by the fact that they rere occupying in unfinished canal, *xtending as far as Reisel. The Ger ans found -in the deep, broad cutting magnificent entrenchments. Officers of the Allies say they have oted that abou-t 40 per cent. of the hells from German guns explode. 'hey say also tLat the prodigality of heir fire apparently has depleted the ;erman supply of ammunition, also he intensity of the fire lately has liminished. THE BOND BILL. ummary of the Measure Now Being Discussed. - The State summarizes the bond is .ue bill as follows: Amount to be voted, $25,000,000 f 5 per cent. 5-year coupon bonds. The question to be submitted to the eople at the general election, Nov mber 3. To be approved by two-thirds of he votes of the qualified electors to ecome law. Bonds shall then be issued in do? iominations of $50, $100 and $1,006. The State will purchase cotton out ight. The price to -be paid is 10c a ound for middling, the sinking fund :ommission to determine the price for ower grades. One-tenth of purchase price is to e retained to pay interest on bonds bnd expenses. Two-year loans may also be had on otton held in security, upon the pre entation of receipts for cotton prop rly warehoused and insured. Loans are made on ,basis of mid lng at 9c a pound. One-tenth of the face value of the ote is retained to pay interest in ,dvance.. Cotton thus held can not be sold vithin three years without the con ent of the maker of the note. Distribution of benefits will- be up n basis of prorata. share of county )roduction in 1913 and 1914, as iearly as can be approximated. Benefits of the law will be contin rent upon conformity with acreage -eduction legislation. GRAND STAND FALLS. ight Hundred Spectators Hurled to Ground at Laurens. Between twenty and thirty persons 'ere injured, severaJ very seriously, vhen the grand stand at the Laurens Pair grounds fell with at crash at 11 i'clock Tuesday. 'It is estimated 'that 00 or 900 people were on the stand hen the accident occurred, and it is ittle short of a miracle that no lives vere lost outright and that more rere not hurt. A dozen or more of he injured were rushed to the Julia rby Sanitarium. Others were treat d on the grounds, while others were aken to their homes. ut a congress in close sympathy with F administration a whole scheme of "a and honor and disintercsted e ice to the world, of which they Lave approved, can not be brought to ts full realization. I would like to o Into the district of every member if congress who has sustained and ,dvanced the plans of the party and peak out my advocacy of his claime or re-election. But, of course, I can ot do that; and with so clear a rec rd no member of congress needs a pokesman. What he has donc speaks or itself. if it be a niere question f political fortunes, I believe the im ediate future of the party to be as ertain as the past is secure. "The Democratic party is now in act the only instrument ready to the ountrys hand by which anything an be accomplished. It is united, s the Republican party is not; it is trong and full of the zest of sober chievement, and has been rendered onfident by carrying out a great con tructive program such as no othler arty has attempted; it is absolutely ree from the entangling alliances1 rhich made the Republican party, en before its reupture, utterly un erviceable as an instrument of re ,rm; its thought, its ambition, its lans are of the vital present and the opeful future. A practical nation ;not likely to reject such a team, ll of the spirit of public service, nd substitute, in the midst of great asks, either a party upon which a eep demoralization has faIled or a1 arty which has not grown to theI :ature that would warrant its assum g the responsible burdens of state. very thoughtful man sees that a sange of parties made just now ould set the clock back, not for ard. I have a very complete and ary confident .belief in the practical gacity of the American people. "With sincere regard and admira-c "Faithfully yours, "Woodrow Wilson.'' "Hon. Oscar Underwood, "souse of Representatives, t "wohngtn. D. C'' f ITATE FAIR COMINO IEAT EXHIBITS FOR FARIER'S SPECIAL BENEFIT 'R00AM IS EXCEPTINAL Porty-four Counties Have Gathered: Agricultural Exhibits for Display Footbal Games, Automobile Races I and Firework Exhibition "Pan ama" Assure a Great Time. Just at this time, when the general Lssembly and tho people are vexed vith so much cotton and attention is urning to the necessity of growing ;rain and foodstuffs, it is a coinci lence that the coming Fair will deal nore largely with agricultural dis )lays than has been possibly, the cus om of the past. Preparations are making for a com )lete showing of the many diversified ndustries of the State which the far ner yearly grows on his land and the )ossibility thus shown of how easy t is to get away from the one crop, otton, the cause of all the present worr and trouble. Under the leader ;hip of Col. W. W. Long, the United 'tates demonstration agent for South "arolina, the demonstration agents n each of the forty-four counties iave gathered exhibits for display at he Fair. These exhibits are complete les ons which can be obtained by visi ors to the Fair. Each county exhibit will be in a booth in the big steel building on the Fair grounds, and ere the visitors, and especially the 'armers, will be enabled to see for hemselves just how and what they :an plant on their lands instead of otton and get back into that pros perous era of farming which so long blessed the Southland. And fair woman will be at the Fair to make complete the lessons which re only half taught without her magic hand. Twenty girls' tomato lubs from twenty counties in South Carolina will have exhibits at the Fair, each one installed in a booth in the big steel building. Here one can learn all about tomatoes, how to grow them and then how to can them after they are grown so as to make a pro fitable business. There is no industry in the State with greater possibilities in a finan cial way, and the work which has already been done under the wise leadership of the young ladies who have devoted their time and talents to developing this resource is a source 0: continual pride and admiration to every Carolinian. Just to see what they are doing is worth itself a trip to the Fair. But this is only "hitting the pro gram" for the Fair in "hgh spots." There will be fancy beef and milk cows, the best breed suitable for this State. And just to recall the threat of the nearness of the dreaded boll weevil is to emphasize the importance of the cattle industry being develop ed in South Carolina. Col. Long will show you at the Fair how to do it. There will be a milking contest and a chance to learn something about milk cows. The poultry department will be one of the best ever seen. All kinds of the best and fancy breeds of chickens in the State will be on exhi bition, and the poultry show is sure to draw people from every county. The poultry industry has grown rap idly in recent years, and many valu able points can be gotten by visitin~g that department at the State Fair this year. The Fair management is offering rent free stalls for horses and live stock. It is expected that some fine animals will be there for the Fair for advertising purposes. Two big football games between four of the leading colleges of the State are important events for the week. On Wednesday morning, Octo ber 28, at 11 a. in., Newberry col lege, of Newberry, and Wofford col lege of Spartanburg, play on the Fair grounds. On Thursday morning, Oc taber 29, at 11:30 a. m. Clemson col lege and the University of South Car olina will meet for their annual con test. Both games will draw thou hands of visitors and are being look ed forward to with much interest. Lovers of sports are further inter ested in the Fair from the announce ment that there will be automobile races on the race trtck at the Fair grounds on Wednesday and Thursday afternoons, October 28 and 29. There will be from $750 to $1,000 in prizes distributed and an interesting card is being arranged. The races are under the auspices of the Automobile Racing association, and any one de siring information or to participate can apply to the Automobile Racing association, 1310 Sumter street, Co lumbia, S. C. When the raanagement of the State Fair was looking for an attraction that would please, instruct and thrill the pu~blic, the choice fell on "Pan ama" the magnificent pyrotechnic drama of the North American Display Fireworks company. A contract, which has been concluded, with J. Saunders Gordon, president of that company, gives assurance that the ex hibition, the most modern and com plete of its kind in the world, will be iven in full during the State Fair on the nights of October 27, 28,. 29. 30. The "Panama"' drama, which shows the canal in peace and war, has 300 ~orgeously costused performers. Big md realistic as It is, it is but one ialf of the evenings' entertainment. 'he other half wlll be a splendid ex lbition of fireworks, including set ieces, rockets, and shells of all kinds md sizes, meteoric showers, scenic md artistic effects, and special enter ainment features. The scenery, which shows the At antic end of the canal, the Gatun ock, and the tropical city of Colon, s new, and the costumes, properties tnl effects: of the production are also mew and artistic throughout. The ighting system is modern and on a cale befitting the size of the produc ion. At every performance of "Pan tma," and in the fireworks exhibition olowing, fifty pounds of dynamite is Ired. Youth Plays Bandlit. William Allison locked the cashier f the Byars, Okla., first state bank nto his vault and escaped with $500.1 -e was recaptured by an auto posse. to Fight for Belgium. Irish nationrlists meeting in Lon lon endorsed the cause of Belgium' .nd promised to keep sword un-1 heathed until 'Belgium is free. 1 Attemps to Escape. The Austrian fleet made an unsuc essful attempt to cut through the rench fleet guarding Cattara, is the ews from London.la Wheat for England. Five vessels are loading 10,000 ans of wheat each at Seattle, Wash., HE VALUE OF A TOWN HOULD BE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL CENTER. telationship of a Rural Community With the Nearly Town, and Why Citizens Should Support It. Everywhere nowadays farmers and ownspeople are working together in reserving and developing their com nunities. This is a logical result of nodern conditions, for there has iardly been a time in the history of he United States when this kind of -o-operation has been more needed han at present. In the pioneer days ;he town was little more than a place ,o trade. but it was indispensible for ,hat purpose alone. The modern town s not only the trading center of the .ommunity but it is its social and )ducational center as well. Some citizens have sometimes over ooked or underestimated the impor ance of the social advantages afford ed by the small country town that would be wholly unsupplied if not provided. by the town. Local trade mnd commerce produce and retain wealth and prosperity where that trade is carried on-in the rural com nunity.- As wealth accumulates in a 3ommunity every citizen in the com munity-;but especially the property wner-is benefited. Where money is in circulation money may be ac guired, wealth may be accumulated. * * a. The only way in this world to make a community rich and. prosper Dus is to promote trade in it, both producing and consuming. The near er the consumer is to the producer the better both are off, and this takes cognizance of the fact that every liv ing man is in some of his aspects a producer and in others, a consumer. * * *. Town and community are not made prosperous by the money that is sent away, but.by the money that is spent at home. The best possible way, in fact the only practicable way to make this community more prosperous is to make it more populous; we must have more people right here to consume what we produce and swdl. So far as the wealth and prosperity of the com munity are concerned, they will be promoted as directly by the purchase and consumption of what is sold as by the consumption of what is produced here. In other words things. must be bought here ard the money produced in the community must be spent and used here if the community is to prosper as it should. * S S Town and community are not mere accidental features of the landscape; they are indispensable factors in pro ducing not only the highest but the only known civilization. The human race can as conveiently dispense with houses as with communities. Man is a social animal and the community is but a development of man's social in stincts. Of course the community can be destroyed, the rural town can be wiped off the map; but not with out a serious loss to civilization. The fact that some persons Are so short sighted as to ignore the necessity of the community organization does not make that necessity any the less ur gent. Nor does it make injuries to the community any the less vital be cause the persons inflicting the in juries are ignorant of the harm they are doing. A community gives to each, of Its citizens a great many things that they would sorely miss if deprived of them. In return and for its own preservation the local town the nucleus of the community, with out which it would not exist-de mands something fromn the citizen his trade. -* * * We sometimes wonder how many citizens use this town to the greatest possible advantage to themselves. Suppose everybody look upon this town as an organization designed especially to contribute to his comn fort,-his progress and his happiness. What has it to offer that he must have in order to be happy and con tented and that he can not secure elsewhere? How often does the citi zen-farmer or townsman-as he goes to the bank to cash a check or to the post office, Can he Imagine bank and post office without a town, Can he imagine a town without stores and other places of business? Can he imagine the existence of stores with out patronage? Let him for a mo ment consider the intimate relations and connections that exie. between local population and the patronage of local merchants, .the supporting and maintaininig of schools, churches and places of amusements, the performing of governmental functions, and in deed the maintenance of civilization. Though he may shut his eyes to these connections and ignore his duty in the premises, the connection none the less exist and the duty is none the less obvious. * * * Men move forward intellectually and socially, and they make progress in all the impoirtant concerns of life, in small groups. In general the local community may be considered as one of these units of progress. The linity of the rural community is clearly so, for its people unite in promoting its schools, its churches and its public utilities, through local self-governm ment. For political action and ex pression the local communtiy is in dispensable in our form of govern ment. In fact our government is bas ed upon and is framed in conformity with the theory that citizens shall consider and act upon political ques tions in small groups, where free oral. discussion may be indulged in. * * * Pu~blicists who have studied the American government and comment ed upon it have invariably emphasiz ed in the strongest manner the im portance of the town and village com munities as political units. The fact probably is that our whole govern ment, national and state, finds its model in the town meeting, which to lay when properly used, provides all he essentials of a true legislative ssembly. It must *be preserved If iberty and free government are to be reserved. The preservation of the ocal community is even more impor ant from a governmental or politi al standpoint than from a commer ial viewpoint. Submarine Sinks Ship. A Reuter dispatch to London says| he 'British steamer Gliters was sunk| >ff the Norwegian coast Tuesday by 1,German su.bmarine. Marine regis-| ers have no information of the Glit ~rs. Soldier Take Double Oath. The British battleship Sriumph has rithdrawn from the fleet of Jap and ritish warships which are attacking Ciao Chow, because of serious dam ge from the German shore batteries. Negro Killed in Lexington. Allan Gantt, a negro. was killed londay at Lexington by another ne ro, Henry Dreher. Baking Powder Company rBuys. any has joined the buy-a-bale move-I OBTAIN NO RESULTS FIERCE FIfHTING IN FRANCE BRINS No DECISION WAR CENTER NEAR 0AST Germans and Allies Rush Reinforce ments Towards Northwestern Coast -Fighdng Renewed as Far as St., Mihiel-Russians and GermansRe port no Change in the East. The German attacks on, the allied line -near the Belgian coast between Nieuport and 'D,ixnude, similar tactics by th'e Allies in France between Ar ras and Roye, where progress - is claimed, a continued. allied assault on Lille, still held by Germans and stubborn fighting -in the vicinity of St. Mihiel, where for days the Allies. have been trying to drive the Ger mans from their southermost lodg ment, were the acute points Tuesday in the sprawling battle area of France and Belgium. Fighting of the most desperate character is in progress in West Fvun ders and Northwestern France. lhe Belgian army, supported by the Al lies, is holding stubbornly to the line of the River Yser, and thus far has halted determined efforts of the Ger mans to advance along the coast. A little further south the Allies ar4r attempting to advance toward Lille for the relief of that city, which hag been in German hands for some time. They also are pushing on to the north and south of Arras. Their'eforts to' advance on Lille, where the Germans hold strong positions, were repulsed, according to -the German report. To the south, at the bend of the line, the Germans continue furious,. but futile, attempts to break the French line. Along the Meuse, in the east, according to the French account, the Germans have failed to repulse the French, who debouched along the territory in which is situated the Camp des Romalnes now in the hands of the Germans, In an attempt to cut out that portion of the German army which is thrust towards St. MihieL Generally speaking, the French claim to have made progress at va rious points along the front. Paris reports that the Allies have destroyed fifteen German machine guns, two of which were armored, hear Labasse, and a battery of German heavy artil-' lery in the, environs.of St. Mihiel. Both sides are bringing reinforce ments to the western front, where a -supreme struggle is now on. The Germans are. not bringing fresh troops from the east, but are throw ing every available man in Belgium into the dring line. They seem 'to have the railroads working well, al though they must have been serious ly damaged during the battles of August and September. Troops are being transported over them, -and Dutch sources report that train after train of wounded Is being taken back to Germany. In the fighting in this open .coun try, where the men have not the pro tection of elaborate entrenchments, such as they have on the Mane, the losses must be heavy, especially where endeavors are made to carry positions by assault. Torrential rains have made the flat country around the coast a sea of mud and this, with the network of canals, makes the movement of Ger man guns extremely' difficult. The Germans still are bringing up -rein forcements, a message from Amster dam saying that troops of all arms are steadily moving westward be-. tween Weeteren 'and Termonde, to ward the French frontier. The London press is unanimously hailing the German attempt to sweep through Belgium to the North France coast towns as a failure. It may be true that the progress from Ostend has been slower than the usual impet uous German rush, but It seems pre mature to say that they have failed. The picture continue so .blurred that it is impossible, except for the commanders on the spot accurately - to guage the effect of the momentary charges on the ultimate result. German and Russian reports agree that the situation in the east has not changed, althoughi the armies' are In close touch along the east Prussian frontier and across Poland and Gall cia. In Galicia, however, the Aus-' trians claim to have repulsed Russian attacks and to 'be making progress In their campaign to drive out the In vaders. EGG-LAYING CONTEST. Novel Poultry Feature Will be Con ducted at the State Fair. One hundred sprightly pullets, all aged one year, will indulge in an. egg laying contest at the State fair In Columbia from October 23 to 30. The pullets will 'be fed for egg production, and the contest will be between 10' varieties with 1 0 representatives of each variety. Frank S. Hare, poul try husbandman at Clemson college, will be in charge of the egg-laying contest. W. W. Long, State agent in charge of farm demonstration work for the federal department of agriculture, in co-operation with Clemson college, says that despite the long drought of last summer and the present demor alization due to -the war, the South Carolina farm demonstrators were ar ranging for the largest and most com prehensive exhibits of farm products ever shown at any State fair, and possibly hte largest ever shown in the South. The exhibits 'will illus trate the growth of the work of the' farm demonstrators and of the people to whom they are teaching ,better methods. "We will have exhibits from 44 counties in charge of demonstration agents," said Dr. Long. "In addition there will be exhilbts from 25 tomato clubs, three booths from mill villages and one booth showing the co-opera tive work with the churches. The latter booth will be in charge of the Rev. W. H. Mills, of Clemson col lege." "Of interest to stockraisers and dairymen will be te showing of dairy cows and beef cattle," continued Dr. Long. "We will have six dairy cows in the steel building. These animals will be scientifically fed and milked with sanitary utensils. The butter will be made immediately and the whole operation from feeding the cows to making the butter will .be shown. Six Herefords will be exhi bited as types of beef cattle. They will be in charge of two live stock men who will give information in re gard to feeding beef cattle and types of breeds. "There will be a special exhibit of the boys' corn club, each boy fur nishing the best ear and the best ten ears from his acre," said Dr. Long. "As there are 1,700 boys who are members of corn clubs in South Car olina, we expect a large showing of corn." 800,000 RussIans in Campaign. According to a Berlin cstimate 800,000 Russians are operating.