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n.YVVVT TTT MANNING. S. C., WE")N ESDAY. AUGUST 3, 1913 NO.5 V n.-J. ...l V.ao MADE A LIVE TALK 101 MAY CAROLINIANS ENRICH RURAL LIFE PLAIN TRUTHS STATED Clarence Poe, Editor of the Progres sive Farmer, and Publicist, Took to the Conference for Common Good, A Message to Commonwealth .Builders. Clarence Poe, editor, author and publicist, of Raleigh, brought to the Conference for the Common Good Wednesday, at its first general ses sion a "-Message to Commonwealth Builders," the burden of his address being, 'What Must We Do to Develop a Great -Rural Civilization in the Car olinas?" Mr. Poe has been editor of The Progressive Farmer since 1899 and chief owner since 1904. In his ad dress <a the subject "What Must We Do to Develop a Great Rural Civili zation in the Carolinas?" Clarence E. Poe, spoke. in part, as follows: What must we do to develop a great rural civilization in South Car olina? This I take it is the main problem confronting us at this conference for we must realize that if we are to de velop a great civilization in the Caro linas,at all, It must be a great rural civilization. In both North and South Carolina over 85 per cent of the 1910 population was rural; less than 15 per cent of the people were in cities. Let me come then direct to my point and say what in my opinion are the things needed-after the moral foundation is laid-for the full de velopment of this rural civilization. I should say that we must 1. Recognize tht paramount impor tance of this rural developm6nt and of all productive and constructive ef fort in State-building. 2. We must have a great predom inantly white population, and with neighborhood or social units compos ed of a homogeneous people. 3. They must be home-owning and educated or trained (both old and young) to a high degree of efficiency and productivenes. 4. They must aim at the three fold program of "Better Farming, Better Business, Better Living." lay ing especial emphasis on co-operation since the devlopment of social power is our greatest lack. 5. This co-operation should mani fest itself mainly in local or neigh borhood enterprises (cond-acted on the principle of patronage dividends and "one man one vote") and should embrace co-operation in buying, pro ducing, marketing and rural credits. 6. The agencies chiefly required in carrying out such a program are: (a) A better school system, with longer terms, compulsory attendance, and with text books and teaching es pecially adapted to farm life. (b) More white immigration and the grouping of whites and negroes in separate neighborhoods as fast as public sentiment and reasonable leg legislation can act. (c) Plans for helping white ten ants buy lands and for encouraging home ownership.. (d) In each county a farm demon stration agent, a county superinten dent of schools, a county health offi cer-each employed his whole time backed by a local paper and a county fair, wholy devoted to community de velopment. (e) In each township a Farmers' Union and a Farm Womans' Club, to encourage neighbors to co-operate in every plan for business, education al, or social improvement. Encourage Productive Labor. Xow let us glance very briefly at the various planks in this rlatform. In the first place, I say that if we are to have a great rural civilization the State and the schools must recognize the importance of such a develop ment and must shift their emphasis from the less important work to the more Important work in buiilng up a Commonwealh. They must recog nize the fact that we have to-day throughout the South too few men who are creators of wealth and too many who are merely traffickers in the wealth that othei- men are creat ing. When I was in Japan I was struck with the fact that the old Jap anese ethics give the farmers more honor and a higher social r'mnk than the merchant or the banker-the the ory being that the farmer is an actual creator of wealth, a man who actually adds to the store of the world's riches while the merchant and the banker, honorable in the degree that they are needed for their purposes are never theless essentially traffickers in the wealth that others create instead of creators of wealth. I honor our merchants an?. lawyers and bankers-I would not stir up any class feeling-but must we not admit the soundness of the Japanese reas oning? And when we put face to face with the fact that the Carolinas are reported two of three poorest Ameri can States-with a per capita wealth .of $414 in South Carolina and $420 in North Carolina against a $1,318 average for the whole Unite.! .States -must we not also admit that not all our bankers, lawyers. a'id me'r chants can redeem us-simply be cause these businesses do not create wealth? We n~eed lawyers, bankers, and merchants. of course, but the trouble is that here in the 5: uth-in Mfr. R. Beverly Herbert joined Mr. Tate in opposing any such resolution. Col. Aldrich finallr withdrew his mo tion and the resolutions as presented by the committee were then adopted. a measure perhaps all over the coun try, but especially here in the South where foolish and ruinous ideas about the "dignity" of physical la!bor still persist-we have just twice as manr men in these non-nendnein~ lines of industry as are needed, wmile ou young men of extraordinary abilit and training are neglecting our grea creative businesses, such a- agricu ture and manufacturing and all th others. Encourage White Immigration. As for my next proposition. name ly that to build a great civilization w should have a predominantly whit population, I presume few will disa gree with me. We cannot bliad our selves, you say, to the faci that th< negro has nowhere built up a genu ine civilization or made any impor tant contribution. ,There has no however been such a recognitioi of a fact which I think follows as t~ night the day, namely, that the mor< largely prodominant is the white ele ment in the make-up of the popula tion the greater the percenage o1 whites we have in our population, th( higher the type of the civilizaion w may hope to devlop. There are a thousan.l things t( which you need- to give attention it South Carolina, as we in Nohth Car olina, but there is nothing eise half s( much worth your atten-ti:n as increas ing the percentage of your white pop ulation. In twenty years, if the rEcord of the last decade is maintained, yoi will have over half of you: populatiox white, but this should - >t satisfy you Before that time more than two thirds of your population ought to bx white-even if you have to spend ter million dollars advertising your re sources and inviting thrifty Northerr and Western white farmers to come down into what should be one ol America's richest white common wealths. Another policy that I regard as ab solutely necessary .both to retain ou present white rural population and tc provide conditions suitable for invit ing further white immigration is thal of segregatng the races in our rural districts. Throughout the South thou sands of white farmers are being driv en from their homes by the growini number of negro farmers around them and the consequent lack of at adequate white social life. We musi develop a public sentiment which will require negroes to buy land and group themselves In communities b indiscriminately sandwiching whit( and negro farmers together. . advo cate this policy not only as vital tc the welfare of our white people, bul for the good of both races. For ex ample, fifty negro families and fif ty white familes together in a dis trict can only have half as good schools for either race as they could have if all the hundred famiies were of one race: and with regard tc churches, libraries, co-operative so cities, social meetings of vi- al civili zation the same thing Is true. Practical Education. I said in the outset that our great est need is a predominant white pop ulation, grouped in white communi ties, home owning and trained-botl young and oln-to a high degree ol efficiency. I have already referred briefly to the need for maaing ou schools practical, but the subjeci certainly demands fuller treatment The plain truth is that we are noi getting out of our schools what we ought to get out of them, and we are not going to do so until our Farmers Unions and other farmers' organiza tions organize a veritable rebellioi against the blighting medaevalismz o: the present system. I saw the othel day, for example, a not unusual bud get of expenses for an American cit3 school system. It shows tha~t fifteer cents of its every dollar is spent toi Latin, eleven cents of every dollai for French, six cents for German and one cent for Greek-s total o thirty-three cents of each dollar fo: these foreign languages, vhiile one alf of one cent in each dollar goe: for shopwork and mechanical draf ing and less than half a cent fo: domestic science-thirty three time: as much spent to teach fcreign lan guages that not one boy in a hun dred will ever use, as to give training for work that all should uce. And all this in the face of the tact thal so eminent a classical scholar as Am bassador James Bryce in his nev book says that half of the boys whc study Latin and five-sixths nf those who study Greek never get fa: enough to get anything whateve: from the literature. Our farmers themselves, however are largely to blame. The law pro vides for teaching such practica subjects as agriculture and hygien< and sanitation, but it is doubtfu whether one country child in ten non studies them. Here is a chance foi our farmers to conme forward anc help a mighty movement along! Le1 them show themselves as progressive as a State Superintendent of Educa. tion who said to me the other da: that a farm boy had better stud; health than history and agrienlturf than geography-if he had to e!'oose Let us resolve on these things: 1. That every South Carolina farn boy over twelve shall study agri culture this fall. 2. That every boy and girl ovel twelve shall study the health hook. 3. That every girl who can shal study domestic science. 4. That three times as many boy! and girls shall be enrolleci in corr club and tomato club work inext year Other planks in my pietform o rural development-dealing chiefla with matters of rural co-operation are perhaps too technical for a gen eral audience and It is better to elab orate them in speaking to audence composed chiefly of farmers. I d< wish to emphasize this tact bowever that while great results a:'e to h< achieved by better methods of mat keting and rural co-operaf ian, thi South is still a hundred years be hind the times in agricultural meth ods and we must continue to 'na~ phasize "Better Farmairi ' alon with Better Business." Statistics shod that in 1904 with oxactly theo sameC eco:.f'm-ei sys tm anel mariteting mothrods! in vogud in both North and' South. the Nort! Atlantic States farmor wa-, makin $00 more a year than nur South At r THE CROP MOVING FUND t SOUTHERN BANKERS CONFER WITH McADOO. They Discuss With the Secretary the - Plans for the Distribution of the Fund. ~ The Washington corespondent of The News and Courier says in the conference with the Southern bankers ] there Thursday the treasuy depart ment made it plain that the emerg ency money to be distributed to help move the crops was to be used solely for that purpose, and not for general business purposes, and it must return I to the treasury in a reasonable time. About $20,000,000 will be sent out by the treasury to the South and West to aid in moving the crops in August about $20,000,000 more in Septem ber and about $10,000,000 in Octob er, that is, if this much money is needed. It is understood that the department will begin calling the money back in December and will have it all in by March. South Carolina bankers who at tended the conference with the Secre tary and First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury -were as follows: From Charleston: R. G. Rhett, W. . H. Sparkman, E. H. Pringle and J. S. Simonds. From Columbia: J. P. Matthews, G. M. Baker, G. M. -Berry and H. W. Robertson. From Greenville: Perry Beattie, G. W. Branzer, A. L. Willis, J. W. Nor wood and Dr. Davis. From Anderson: Wm. A. Hunt. The principal subject of discussion was the terms on which distribution 1 banks in the South should lend the 1 crop-moving money to the smaller banks of their section. The visitors were tol that the treasury depart nent wojl - not name any specific rate of interest to be charged the smaller banks, but that it intended to keep a sharp eye on the situation and that if any of the distributing banks should be caught playing shylock a note be made of the fact. Few of the bankers would talk for publication, but most of them ex pressed warm approval of the Secre tary's action. One bank president from the far South said that since the department's announcement the de posits in his bank had increased a million dollars. farm worker in the Carolinas and Virginia, averaging a horse nrid a third apiece an dcultivating 22 acres each was earning $184 R year, whereas in Iowa, Indianna and Illi nois the farm workers averazed three horses apiece, cultivated 66 acres and earned $663 a year. South Carolina of the Puture. I must also bring my messawe to a close without further elaboratiun of the agencies needed. for bringing about the great results I nave been advocating-first, a Farmer.' Union or other farmers' organization in ev ery township and a woman'e club in every township, each "keeping ever lastingly at it" for these reforms; then a local and a county paper each devoted to community deve~opment; and then in every county three lead ers of progress employed for their whole ime and selcted for their abili ty, enthusiasm and expert knowledge without regard to politics. First, a county farm demonstration agent working all the time for better farm ing methods--improved implements and machinery, more horse power, better methods of marketing, better systems of co-operation and a richer social life. Second, a couniv super intendent of schools giving his whole time to the work of bringing every teacher and every school and every pupil to the highest degree of efficien cy and carrying on a never-ceasing campaign for consolidation, local tax-1 ation, industrial training. eschool lib raries, corn clubs, tomato 'labs. etc, etc. Third. a superintendent of health, giving his whole time likewise to a never-ceasing campaign against disease and all the conditions that promote disease. So runs my dream of the South Carolina that is to be. the South Car olina that it is our high privilege to help develop, a South Carolina pre dominantly white. predominantly home-owning, a State of marvelous productiveness, famous alike for great captains of industry and for the high efficiency of its average worker, a State where science and the schools have made labor an art rathe' than a drudgery, and have provided the ap preciation. the leisure and the finan cial well-being necessary for the de velopment of a high degree of culture and the finest flowering of native ge nius. But her greatest source of strength I shall expect to find not in Iher crowded cities, but in her white - country districts, in beautfinl homes girt about with fair groves and gar dens. approached by roads equal to any of which Rome ever boas'ed, and I set in communities possessing the schools and churches and ,noraries and lecture halls and all the convcn 1 iences of mordern twentieth century .life: communities where character. industry, thrift and service 1.o others Sare the tests of leadership. and where - no blighted poor begging, or bloated - rich idling, one and all enj.oying a - beautiful social life as fair as the plantation life of ante-bellumn days, >but more robust, virile and demo ,cratic: andI where the spirit of broth erhood developed by working in co - operat ion in matters of every Myv bus iess has produced a rowerful and - fraternal democracy which~~ v.jll 1w the - best m~onumenrt to all of u who are .. v rin:: an~l strivi".g th:-inr that daiy to p;.;s. This frui'ion of all our 'ope. muav ':t h" hut distanlt and dim 1 esr'd, ht't withi the eye of faith you - jma enteh a visaon of its far-oft beau Stv and in the trutest tense it may he isaid of each of your wvorkers today. in ::the langan of Israel's prophet. "He . d'ani see if the travail of his 'ouh and haeml he satisfied." WHAT DID SHE WANT YOUNG WO.MAN PERCHES IN WIN DOW UP ALOFT. She Was Finally With Difficulty In duced to Leave Her Dangerous Seat Unharmed. With her feet over the sill of a win low on the 12th floor of the National joan and Exchange Bank Wednesday, ,asually looking earthenwards. is if reparatory to a suicidal leap. When :he superintendent of the building re nonstrated with her she refused to eave the window and it was only af er repeated urgings that she .vas per ;uaded to go to the street. Even then he made an attempt to board the ele rator and go back to her high perch, ind only by main force was she kept rom that purpose. The State says: About ten o'clock Wednesday mor :ing George T. Sampson, sup-rinten lent of the building emerged from :he elevator at the 12th floor, and up 2n doing so saw a woman sitting in yne of the windows in the vestibule to the Metropolitan club roms. She was looking down on Columbia, with ier feet on the outer edge of the win low sill, apparently as cool and com osed as if she were on the ground 'oor. Mr. Sampson went over to where the woman was and told her it was against the rules of the building :o allow persons to sit in the windows nd that she must come do% n. She aid she would do so and made a mo :ion as if to comply. Mr. Sampson sked her what she wanted up there md she said she was only taking a Look at the city. He then offered to :ake her on the roof, but she declined :o accept his hospitality. Mr. Sampson was so puzzled at the woman's demeanor and actions thst! e insisted that she come twn. She aid she would do so and Mr. Samp ;on went down on the elevator with :he promise from the woman that ,he was coming down. In a short while Mr. Sampson went back to the 12th floor of the building and to his urprise found the woman still )erched in the window. This time he -emonstrated with her strongly and be again promised that she would ome down. Mr. Sampson did not ant to use force, for then, he feared hat the woman might fall or jump rom the window. So he went down nd consulted with officials of the ational Loan and Exchange bank, mnd it was agreed that the woman nust be gotten to the ground. The naid at the building was sent up to -emcnstrate with the woman, but to ier she flatly stated that she would tay there as long as she pleased. Mr. Sampson then went to the top loor and told the woman she must ome with him to the first floor. Fin Ily she agreed and he took her to he street. There he left her and vent into the Arcade. As soon as he ot just inside the Arcade door he :urned and went back to the bank building. He did this to see if he vould catch the woman atempting to get back to the elevator. Just as he expected, as he entered the bank building again he saw her dart to vards the elevator. He had instruct d the elevator boys not to let her et to the top floor again and they losed the door on her. A two men were entering the elevator rhe made n effort to squeeze in between them, but was prvented.I The woman was finally persuaded o leave the building. She was put iboard a Ridgewood car. No *one new her name or her whereabouts. Earlier in the morning when one f the elevator boys was trying to nake room for her in the crowded ~levator she remonstrated with him, aying, "It doesn't mater about me; 'in crazy." While Mr. Sampson was emonstrating with the woman on .he top floor of the building she ask ad if he thought it would kill her if she fell to the ground from the 12th loor. The woman was apparently in 1er 20's. SERVE THEM RIGHT seventeen Mexican Brutes Killed for Dastar'dly Crimes Seventeen Mexicans have paid with heir lives for maltreating the daugh :ers of Matthew Gourd, an Amercian armer near Tampico Monday. Amer can farmers participated in the ex iction of the penalty, according to aformation regarded as reliable. The Americans joined by Mexican Land owners in the district of Atas cador, near Tampico, organized a osse and rode into the hills in search of the band of outlaws who tied Gourd and robbed him, and after wards offered indignities to two laughters in sight of their helpless Eather. The seventeen killed by the posse ncluded those slain in the fighting inud those who were put to death by the vigilantes afterwards. Killed Their Officials. District Attorney Manwell and two deputy sheriffs of Yuba county, Cal., were shot and killed Sunday and six thers wounded, including two wo ien, when a sheriff's posse endeav ared to quell a hop pickers' riot at ~urst's hop field in Wheatland, Cal. Drowned in Vinegar. Falling in an >ht gallon .iar of vriear near Paris, Ill., Tuesday, Les er, the two year old son of George David. a farmer, was drowned before he mother could rescue him. The1 hiild fell In headforemost, only his ?eet being in view when discovered. Caused by a Cigarette. At Obyka. Miss Sid Taylor; age 1 % wvas hlown to atoms and three others badly hurt by an explosion of two hundred pounds of dynamite. Taylor ntered a warehouse with a lichted 1arette. One of his legs was found s nnertar of a mile away. TIE COMMON 0lOOU CONFERENCE IN COLUMBIA IS A GRAND SUCCESS MANY OOD TALKS MADE Many Prominent Men and Women of E the State Took Part in What Prom t ies to be an Epoch Making Gather. ing for the Uplift and Betteiment of the People. Prominent men and women of South Carolina gathered in Columbia Wednesday afternoon in large num- 9 bers to open a two days session of "a ( Conference for the Common Good." - Presided over by W. K. Tate, State I supervisor of the rural schools, as t president, the initial session presaged the deep and lasting interest which I this conference is to have on the peo- t ple of South Carolina. There is en- I souragement to look for larger atten- 2 dance and added interest at the last meeting. t "Co-operation for Rural Develop- ( ment" was the general topic of the f opening session Wednesday after noon. Following the outlining of the I general purposes of the Conference E by President Tate, "A Message to E Commonwealth Builders" was deliv ered to the conference by Clarence I Poe, of Raleigh, N. C., editor of the 1 Progressive Farmer. This was fol- t lowed by a talk from the Rev. W. H. I Mills, of Clemson College. on "The t Part of the -Church in Rural Devel- i opmcnt." A. F. Lever. congrecsman E from the 7th district and chairman of t the House committee on agriculture, I delivered an impressive discourse on f the subject, "A National Programme I for the Development of American Ag- i riculture." There was gezieral discus- I sions on all these topics. t The prograrme opened We.nesday night with the subject, "Permanent e Homes for Our People." W. W. Long, E State director of the farm demonstra- t tion work delivered a talk on "Farm Ownership and Good Farming." Other topics.of this-subject on the program for the evening were: "Homo Owner- V ship and Health," by Dr. E. A. Hines, I of Seneca; "Home Ownership and the I Schools," by County Shperintendant C of Education, J. E. Carroll, of York; t "Plan for Helping Mill.Workers Pur chase Homes," by W. F. Robinson, of 4 Greenville, and "Plan for Helping t Tenant Farmers Acquire Land," by B. I B. Rare, -of the United States depart ment of agriculture. Session on Thursday. 'At the closing session Thursday night of the first Conference for the Common Good a resolution was adopted urging a Conference for the Common Good next year and that county conferences be held as soon as possible. The resolution follows: "Therefore, be it resolved, That this Conference for the Common Good places itself on record that It most emphatically believes the most pressing need in the State to-day is the improvement of the conditions of our rural communities. That it may be attained: (1) "By wise co-operative methods. (2) "By devising plans -to assist our people to acquire their own homes and land. (3) "By making our educationalc system efficient and adaptable to all needs of the people, by securing the attendance of all the children; byr creating a higher standard of the teaching profession; by fostering ther child's general welfare as to health and morals and freedom from labor during Its tender years of prepara tion. (4 'By improved agriculture and stock raising. (5) "By better and wiser market-1 ing of farm crops.t (6) "By .building up a self-re specting and law-abiding citizenship." This resolution tells of the purpose of the Conference for the Common Good. The resolution was adopted late Thursday night. The address on "The Majesty ofr mon Good to a close. Dr. Snydert of Wofford College. Thursday night 2 brought the Conference for the Coin mon Good to a close. r. Snydes thrilled the 'Convention by his mas-r terly handling of the subject. "The 1 stand of the ages," said the speaker, "is on the majesty of the law and it I is the corner-stone of all of our lib erties. It Is impaired by too mucha special legislation. by too much de lay in executing the laws, mandates. and the apparent slowness of thec Courts in dealing out justice, an ap parent feeling that some can get moret of the resources of the law than oth ers."' He plead for everyone to re dedicate themselves and work towardt upholding the majesty of the law. Col. Alfred Aldrich precipitated ae flutter in the Convention, when he .offered as an amendment to the reso-a lutions of the committee a motion tos return the thanks of the Conference to United States Senaor E. D. Smitht for his share in inducing the Gov-e ernment to offer $50,000,000 to as-c sist the South in moving its crops. President T-te said he was certain I the ('onvention had no desire to vote down the resolution, but the gather-t ing was absolutely devoid of politics, and if they got to passing resolu tions of thanks to all the public mena it would mean bulky and burdensome work. He explained that it wasa against the policy of the Conference.( Seven Burned to Death. Seven lives .were lost in a firey which early Tuesday destroyed thee home of Joseph Paquet, at St. John Parish, Isle of Orleans, some fifteene miles east of Quebec. The fire was e caused hy the explosion of a lamp. Paquiet. who was terribly burned, anda one child, were the only melnbers of theafamily rasc11a HEALTH AND THE- HOME IEALTH PROBLEM DTSCUSSE]] BY DR. E. A. HINIES. ecretary of the South Carolini Med ical Association Before the Con ference for the Common Good. "Health and the Home" was the ubdect of an address delivered by D. A. Hines, M. D., of Seneca, Secre ary of the South Carolina Medical kssociation, at the "Permaneni omes" session of tue Ccnfeience 'or the Common Good, held ,ednes lay night in the Columbia- Theatre, )r. Hines remarks are given here ir ull: The health conditions of the home ind the home life in this country, wing to our freedom of thought and Lction have given sanitarians the ost difficult problems they have had o face. The man's home is his castle tnd his rights sacred. In far toc nany instances such a man consideri he health officer an invader of his ights and privileges rather than a . guardian angel. Many times the ome presents the weakest link iE he entire chain of preventive mede :ne, whereas it should be the strong st. Indeed the very foundation of mu dieipal sanitation is the home and the ame is true in great measure in the mall town and rural district. I vould be of intense interest to trace istorically the intricate relationshil ietween the health of the individual, he State, the nation and the home. Ve would find this edifice frequently o have been built upon the sands o gnorance, blinded predjudice, and isguided judgment rather than upor he solid rock of teh unselfish recog ition cf the truths of sanitary sci nce. John Howard Payne had in ind the ideal when he penned his nmortal poem, "Home, Sweet ome," and for more than half a cen ury this lofty sentiment has inspir d our Southland with romance, leg rnd, song and hospitality. We of the outh have thus a glorious Inheri. ance, but this Is not all that has *en handed down to us. Unfortu ately mingled with the refrain of 'Home, Sweet Home" we discern es ecially the discordant notes of ty hoid fever, tuberculosis, pellagra, :ookworm disease, malaria, diseases if childhod and diseases sociologic i heir nature. Any one of the malidles mentioned ,ould easily engage our attention for he time allotted me. The great white lague, tuberculosis, is preeminently , home-born disease. Listen to the words of Sir William Osler: "In four undred homes of this country there s lamentation and woe tonight. hus ands for their wives, wives for their tusbands; children for their parents, arents for their children, a mere epetition of yesterday's calamities. Lnd if the ears of your hearts open, 'ou can hear while I speak the beat gs of the wings of the angels of teath to the four hundred appointed or tomorrow. It augurs well for the future' of iur beloved State that we are here his evening to reason together on his highly important su~bjiect. M(ost f the ills from which we suffer in he domain of preventable diseases re due to social rather than individ Lal offenses, and therefore the rem dy must be found in the treatment f the social organisms rather th'an if the individual. The Improvement of hygienic con itions In 'our cities, towns and ru a-i communities requires a certain mount of specific regulation. Such 'egulation must be based upon prop r legal enactment, either on nation .1 or State laws, or on municipal or inances. Restrictions of persona] Iberty, so necessary at times, in or er to 'be enforced and to be of any alue must be understood and backed my the public. It Is extremely impor ant then for legal and social reasons e lose no opportunity to informi iurselves, as to the marvelous ad. ance in scientific knowledge regard ng the causes of disease, the meth ids of transmission and the most ef ective means of prevention. The apid advance of scientific knowledge oday not only in medicine put all long the line in the allied sciences 11 us with wonder. Scarcely a year iasses that some actual life saving emedy or measure has not been irought forward for our benefit. It is almost inconceivable that but ittle over 100 hundred years age ur forefathers were burning witches .t the stake. I mention this hero be ause to a certain extent the witch ray be considered the predecessor if the modern scientist. At a time rhen no systematic knowledge of na ire existed, it was taken for grant d that the future could be predicted Lnd controlled by appropriate ac ions and expressions, through sym athetic magic. or potent formulas, f which the "wise" man or woman as the repository, often possessing Iso such skill in the use of drugs, imple or surgery as .belonged to the erioc' The discoverers of the fact hat ni~iny ot the most deadly dis ases were caused by germs placed at rice their fingers on one of the most jlnerable spots of the home and ome life. All honor to the memory of Pas eur, Kock, Lister, Reed and others ike them. Think you that the mercian home is safe, both within .d without, and that our fears are nnecessarily aroused? If so, you .re mistaken. Listen: In the Lancet ilinic of July $ we find the follow. ng: A house of seven rooms in which 00 men sleep da'ly was discovered 'esterday by the police of South Chi ago. The roomers are employed in 'e steel mills nearby and sleep in ight hour shifts. The officers were aled to the palce to investigate a 'eported death. Groping their way long narrow aisles through tiers of ots upon each a sleeper, they found meo +A lodgers to be seriouialy ill. Commenting upon the situation this leading journal of the middle West says: "What possible contribution to the happiness and worthiness of a nation can such a herd as this make? There is not even a pretense of real American citizenship among any of them-although it is quite probable that many, if not all of them, vote at Chicago's elections. No Lomes, no wives, no children, no interest in schools or churches, the drama or art. They are indeed 'tolling ver min.' In many instances the Amer ican family whose family a few years ago had a home of their own where the children grew up at the public school and had a card at the public library and a pew in the church, and a family physician who was a family friend-this man is gone, he and his family, the schools, the churches and the family physician, and we have in place of him and his neighbors, 300 men sleeping in seven rooms fit for nothing but to destroy our civiliza tion and disseminate the~ fith dis eases that wait hungrily upon over crowding, exhaustion and stifling at mospheres. This picture may be slightly overdrawn but that it is pos sible at all in this country should serve as a warning. We arq here this evening, I be lieve, not so much to discuss theories as to enunciate facts and endeavor to map out something definn:' for the future. To this end therefrre I shall briefly direct my remarks. There Is no doubt in my mind but that the home owner, generally speaking, stands for the best citizen ship. Others will point out how this may be accomplished. I desire to en courage, however, the idea from the health standpoint in behalf of both the individual and the State. The first reliable statistics ever compiled in this country on the rel ative longevity of the married and unmarried man and woman has just been completed by ew York State. The evidence is preponderatingly in favor of the married-and therefore the home-makers. I unhesitatingly urge. marriage and the establishment of the home as the best single step towards good health and a long life. In this connection permit me to introduce the new science of eugen ics. Much of this new science Is yet within the pale of uncertainty. I promise not to lead you beyond the bounds of reason into the hazy do main of incredulity. I see no reason why we are not ready in South Caro lina for a law requiring the bride and groom to present a physician's certificate that they are in good health before the minister shall pro nounce them man and wife. Several States have passed such a law. The last State to do so was Pennylvania. There the bride and groom of the fu ture will be required to take a sol emn oath that they have no trans missible disease. Such a course in this State would hasten this new sci ence of being well born. The only other suggestion I shall make this evening is that Nwe should foster the agencies already in our hands which look toward the mainte nance of health In the home. En lightened woman Is preeminently the sanitarian of the home. The State of South Carolina provides a "model home" at Winthrop college for the training~ of her daughters in home economics and sanitation. From the front gate to the remotest recesses of the backyard you will find the rules as provided by the State ,board of health rigidly enforced. Every woman's college in the State should own such an equipment. The Fed eration of Woman's Clubs has done much to disseminate a knowledge of hygiene and sanitation In the home. We should frankly acknowledge this and further encourage their work. I believe that there is today no invest ment which pays so well as carefully directed sanitation. The -State of South Carolina receives today more lasting benefits from her appropria tion to the tSate board of health than any other appropriation she makes. how much is it? you ask. About $20, 000. A sum much less than the great majority of States expend for this purpose. Where are the dividends on this outlay? In every community lives are saved by free antitoxins, practicaly free treatment of hook worm disease, free vaccine virus, free anti-typhoid vaccine, free treatment for rabies and free information on all sanitary subjects . It is clearly con ceded that our board has for the past five years done- more with less money than any other State health board in the United States. In conclusion and to summarize so that we may grasp somehing tangible and concrete: I recommend, first, marriage as an in stitution conducive to a long and healtful existence. Second, we should pass a law insuring the union of only the strong and healthy man and woman. Third, we should pro vide for our girls specific training in sanitary, science. Fourth, we should encourage all the existing agencies engaged in public health work and specially see to it that the State ap propriates sufficient funds to ade quately support its health depart ment. We are trying to show that to se cure good health in the home we are not dependent, nor are we indepen dent, but we are all Interdependent. We are driving home the thought ex pressed in Kipling's wisdom-pocked poem: "Now this Is the law of the Jungle, as old and as true as the sky; And the wolf that shall keep it may prosper, but the wolf that shall break it must die. As the creeper that circles the tree trunk. so the Law runneth for ward and back; For the strength of the pack is the Wolf, and the strength of the Wolf is the Pack." Gonzales Reaches Havana Editor William Gonzales of Co lumbia, S. C., the new American min ister to Cuba. arrived at Havana Wednesday and was greeted by many Cuban officials and the staff of the 1eatimn, THEY ADOPT PLAN PROPOSED I TE SECRETfAT TO MOVE CROPS BANKERS ARE PLEASED Southern Bank Men Pass Resolutions Expressing Their Appreciation of the Government's Efforts to Co-op erate With the Great Agrieultural Sections of the Country. Tentative plans for the distribu tion of the South's share of the $50, 000,000 of Government deposits to be placed with the -banks in the agri cultural States to assist in: the fall movement of the crops were agreed upon at conferences in Washington Thursday between officials of the treasury department and about one hundred bankers representing thirty six Southern cities. Final plans, In cluding the allotment of the South ern banks' share will not be announc ed until after the conferences with Western bankers and with those from the Pacific coast. .The South erners asked that they be given at least half of the total to be depos ited. At the conclusion of the confer ence resolutions were adopted ex pressing appreciation of the Admin istration's proposed relief and agree ing to the terms and conditions im posed. The bankers also, by resolu tion, expressed confidence In the Ad ministration and the belief that its co-operation in assisting in the move ment of the crop was an indication of its desire to faithfully serve the needs of the whole country. Later the bankers called at the White House, where they were re ceived and addressed by President Wilson. The President told the del egation that the banks of the coun try would be treated on an equality. While the presidents remarks were of a confidential character and the bankers were loath to discuss them, It became known that the President made it plain that the purpose of his Administration would not be to per mit alliances between banks in any section of the country and the Gov ernment. The conference was opened by- an address by Secretary McAdoo, in which he explained the purpose ot the treasury department In making the additional deposits; the general character of the security which he will require; the time proposed for making the-deposits with the banks, and the time suggested for their with drawal. He then invited the -bankers to make comments and recommenda tions regarding details for carrying out the plan. Each delegation was called upon and explained conditions in their respective sections, indicated the amount of money which they would like to have deposited in each city represented and discussed other. retails of the arrangement. A~ second conference was held in the afternoon and Thursday night at the Pan-Amercian Union building. Before its close Secretary McAdoo made an adress in which ehempha sized the determination of the Gov ernment to protect and maintain its credit, and declared that all of its ob ligations, direct and Implied, would be fully and faithfully carried out. Just before adjournment the fol lowing resolution offered by Presi dent Walker Hill. manager of the St. Louis clearing house association, and seconded by Robert F. Maddox, of the Atlanta Clearing House Associa tion was unanimously adopted: "Resolved. That the Southern bankers, today assembled, do express to the President and the treasury de partment our sincere appreciation of the relief proposed and that we agree to the terms and conditions outlined. 'Resolved, further, That we here by express our sincere confidence in the present administration and ,be lieve that such interest and co-opera tion as proposed with the great ag ricultural sections of the country is but an indication of its desire to faithfully serve the needs of the whole Republic." Child Ate Fly Paper. At Louisville, -Ga. Mr. and Mrs. W.. H. Franklin's little daughter about 1 year old died Tuesday night from the effects of arsenic poisoning cau. from eating a piece of fly-paper that had been treated. Medical attention was given the little one almost :m mediately, but she gradually grew worse until her death. Killed by Revenue Officers. In a battle betwen revenue men and moonshiners in the mountains of Morgan County, Ky., Morgan Kidd was killed and his brother, John Kidd, was fatally injured. United States Deputy Marshall Sherman Lewis was shot through the shoulder and is in a serious condition. The still was destroyed. Murder From Ambush. Apparently teh victim of assassins the body of J. J. Hinson, a dealer in cross ties was found Tuesday near Thelma. Ga., on the banks of a creek. His head had been shot from the body. The crime It appears was com mitted while Hinson was riding to Thelma where he had been living re cently. Killed in Railway Wreck Five trainmen and an unidenti fed negro were killed early Wednes day at Noonday station, five miles north of Marietta, Ga.. when a south bound Louisville and Nashville freight train fell through a culvert bridge into a chasm forty-?five feet