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WILL DO MUCH GOOD THE LEVER AGRICULTURAL EX TENSION BILL. Congressman Lever Explains His Bill and Tell the Public What He Hopes It Will Accomplish. In an article in "Business Amer ica," a magazine, Congressman Lever sets forth what "The Lever Bill" is intended to accomplish and why he believes it will. After reviewing conditions as they actually exist, Mr. Lever proceeds in his article as fol lows: Outline of Lever Bill. Machinery, adequate for this pur pose, in the opinion of all masters of the subject, is provided in the bill (H. R. 22874) to establish agricul tural colleges in the several states, and known as the "Lever Extension Bill", which without a dissenting vote passed the House of Representa tives on the 23rd day of August of this year and is now pending in the Senate. This bill, simple, direct in Its terms, makes it possible to reach the farmer in the most positive way with the lessons which science and practical experience have taught. It takes into consideration the farmers well known version to the acceptance of new theories and practices with re spect to the methods of conducting his own business. The fact that "my father did it this way and It is good enough for me" is not overlooked. and the bill makes special provision to meet his innate predisposition to cease to cavil only when he is made to know, to stop doubting only when he sees. The central thought of the bill is to dispel skepticisms by ocu lar demonstration. The farmer's :farm, with its special natural and economic 'environment, Is to be the -eld for this work. The Lever bill, in brief, appropri ated to each state the sum of $10, 000 annually, and beginning in 1914 proposes a lump sum appropriation of $300,000, this sum increasing at the rate of $300,000 a year over the preceding year until 1923, when the ,total amount appropriated will be $3,000,000 plus $10,000, the initial appropriation additional. The ini tial appropriation to any state is con ditioned upon the fact that such state provides in its agricultural college for the establishment of an extension department to be devoted to giving demonstrations in agriculture and home economics, through the med ium of field demonstrations, publica tions and otherwise. The additional lump sum appropriations are condi tioned upon the fact that the states receiving them shall provide for the support of their extension depart ments a sum equivalent to the amount received from the federal government annually. Assuming, and there can be little doubt of it, that the states will meet the condi tions of the federal appropriations flly, the total amount available for thia work by 1923 and annually *thereafter will be the sum of $6, 480,000. Under this plan, It will be possi ble to put Into every agricultural *county of the country at least one agent or adviser who must combine scientific knowledge with practical experience relating to agriculture and. home economics in the broadest meaning of these terms. This agent or adviser will become the agricul tural physician resident in the coun ty to whom the farmers may go with confidence with their sick soils, their anaemic crops, their pest outbreaks, and other Ills to which the profes sion Is heir. Such a man must not only have expert kn9wledge and practical experience, but in addition must possess tact, common sense, and be enthused with optimism for his work and for the future of agri culture.- He Is to be the middle man, through whom the demonstrated theories and best approved practIces of the profession, emanating from the colleges and stations, are to be carried directly to the farmer and put to the living test under his own eye. To break down any prejudice which the conservation of the farm er may set out against this method of adult teaching, it will be neces sary for him to not only come into personal contact with the farmer re -ceiving the Instruction and to make the farmer himself a participant in the actual demonstrations of the practicability of the lesson sought to be taught,-but It will be necessary also that the method advocated shall be successful. The farmer Is at this timeina receptive mood for following - methods which promise a betterment of his condition, and this bill recog nizes all of these peculiar conditions and in 'its very simple terms, in sec *tion two, It .is clearly set out that the duty of these. extension depart ments shall be "to give instruction and practi.cal demonstrations In ag riculture and home economics,... on said subjects through field demon strations, publications and other wise." To more significantly empha size the field demonstration ideas as contrasted with the old method of teaching .by bulletin and lecture, It is made obligatory that "there shall be extended each year for field In struction and demonstration not less than seventy-five per centum of all rnoneys available under the provi szens of this act." The demonstra tion method, out in the field In direct cortact with the farmer, is again em phed~zed and made plain in the ex planation of the provisions of the bill on the floor of the House of Repre sentatives by It sauthor. Repeatedly in ans~wer to interrogations, he assur ed the membership of the House that *the purpose of the bill was to reach the farmer on the farm and refused to be ~led away from his central thought. No-. the practical question: Experience Is the best guide. It has worked in European countries successfully and In a more or less limited way In this country. With out going into details. it Is .suffcient for t!'.e purposes of this article to call attention to the fact that extension teaching is carried on and approved by the British Empire. Australia, Denmark, Fragce, Italy. Holland. Germany, Russia, Belgium and other lesser nations. The success of the system in Bel gium Is notably striking. Twenty five years ago her agriculture was In a moost deplorable and discouraging1 condition, so much so that the gov ernent was forced to take notice ofl it. The remedy was found In this stem of ertensilob work by field demonstration, and ocular instruc tion. Under it the average yield of wheat in twenty-five years was in creased 57 per cent.; rye 53.4 per cent.; barley, 50.5 per cent., and oats, 63.8 per cent., and her farmers In the last twelve years have trebled their savings bank accounts. The same methods in Germany made for wheat a gain of 31.6 per cent.; oats, 36 per cent.; barley, 30 per cent.; rye, 41 per cent. In a quar ter of a century. It would be criminal to shut our eyes to the meaning, the immense significance of these data. Assume that twenty-five years hence the av erage yield per acre for wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes and cotton, un d the system outlined in this bill, shall have increased fifty per cent. The result will startle the mathema tician and confound the dreamer. Are our conditions such as will warrant the belief that the system will work as well with us as it has under the conditions of these foreign countries? Emphatically yes. Al ready more than thirty of the land grant colleges are using this method for adult teaching in limited ways. Sixty years ago practically nothing was being done by any of them along these lines. The enthusiasm with which it has been received, and its efficacy in reaching the difficulties, are the forces which have created the unanimous sentiment of the country for the passage of the meas re embodying the details worked out in this bill. The results have been so encouraging that the princi pal railroads of the country, the larg est farm implement companies, such as the International Harvester Co., the National Association of Bankers, with whom the first question is: "Will it pay?" have joined with the farmers and the agricultural colleges In support of it. It is possible to multiply illustrations from reports of this work showing it to be beyond question the practical solution of the problems with which our agriculture must deal. One illustration, however, where the demonstration system has cov ered a number of states and has been in operation for a sufficient time to make sure that it is no flash in the pan is sufficient. This work has been carried on in the Southern States since 1904 when it was organ ized by the late Dr. Seaman A. Knapp. Its success was immediate and remarkable, nor has it lost any of its force by lapse of time. On the contrary it continues to grow In infiuence and good. From a small beginning, with only a few trained men in the field, it has developed in less than adecade into a great move ment with a thousand agents or ad visers, one hundred thousand farm ers, seventy-five thousand boys in the corn clubs, and twenty-five thousand girls in the canning clubs who are receiving instruc tion and becoming centers from which radiate the better methods of agriculture and home ecomnoics to their neighbors. The results of this work in the South have made a pro found impression not only upon her own people, but upon the people of the entire country and the world. Representatives of Russia, Brazil, Engand, South Africa and Argen tina have studied- it. Sir Horace Plukent, a member of the committee some years ago to visit contiental countries to investigate their sys tems of extension teaching, after a visit to this couantry and a study of this work- expresses himself as pro foundly Impressed with the good sense which underlies it. Of it Dr. Walter H. Page, said: "It is the greatest single piece of constructive educational work in this or any age." Since it was put upon-a firm basis It has doubled the yield per acre both of corn and cotton as against the average In every state In which it has been practiced. The results In South Carolina are typical. The average yield of seed cotton per acre for this state for 1911 was seven hundred and ninety-five pounds, while the average yield reported on seven thou sand three hundred and seventy-One acres and by one thousand and seven ty-four demonstrators is one thou sand five hundred and sixty-nine and two-tenths pounds~ of seed cotton per acre, or an increase over ordinary methods of ninety-four and four tenths per cent. or about twenty three dollars per acre. The average yield of corn for South Carolina for 1911 was 18.2 bushels, while the average yield reportedi on 5,998 acres by 1,672 demonstrators In 39.2 bushels, an increase - under demon stration mnethods of 115.4 per cent. or about'$20 per acre. These are cold facts, and If every farmer In the South had followed the demonstration methods on his farm for 1911 mIllions of dollars would have been added to the wealth of that section. What is true of the South is equally true of the entire country. Will the system work? The best answer is, it has worked so successfully in the South that the people who are feeling its benefits are to-day making voluntary contri butions for the great memorial to the author of the plan. The Lever bill proposes to nationalize the work already In existence in the South and a maorty of the land grant colleges of the country, and to co-ordinate It. with the other agencies at work solv ing the problems of agriculture and rural life, by making agriculture profitable and rural life happy. PENSION FOR MOTHERS. Fourteen State Legislatures Are Con sidering Beneficial Law. Fourteen legislatures are now con sideraing Mothers' Pensions bias, while nine states have already enact ed laws bearing either directly or Indirectly upon the endowment of motherhood. Wherever pension leg islation has been enacted it has been based on the theory that children should not be separated from their mother for reasons of poverty alone. The Tuesday club, of St. Louis, an organization composed entirely of women, has found that broken homes and institutional -chilren produce the Juvenile court offenders, and that they In turn -ill the penitentiaries.* Boom for Hadley and Butler. Ex-Gov. Herbert S. Hadley, of Mis souri, was boomed for the Republican nomination for the presidency In 916. and Nicholas M. Butler. presi dent of Columbia, as his running mate, at an enthusiastic Republican dinner of the Middlesex club, at Bos ton, Mass. ..* We do not want war with Japan or MAN ALMOST KILLED. His Poweful Antagonist Uses Wrench 5 on His Head. Henri Counts, aged about 21, was severely beaten over the head c late Monday afternoon with a "mon- r key" wrench wielded -by "Doc" Dixon, a powerful white man of Greenwood. t Counts was knocked unconscious, a and is in; a precarious condition, though not necessarily faltally injur ed. Dixon Is In jail charged with t assault and battery with intent to c kill. From the stories of the witnesses to the affair, it seems that Monday afternoon Counts was driving Dix- f on's automobile, accompanied by the a driver. In some way the machine c was run into an obstacle and damag- I ed. In the dispute which ensued as r to who should pay the damage, "Doc" ' Dixon, who is a much more powerful man than young Counts, become en raged, seized a "monkey" wrench i: it, rendering him unconscious. IMedi- L cal attention was given the injured man, and he gained consciousness Tuesday morning. Dixon was locked in the jail. Henry Counts comes from a prom inent family of Laurens. and has been working In an automobile shop in Greenwood for some time. He is well liked. "Doc" Dixon, a man of C about 5 5years, formerly ran a butch- r er shop In Greenwood, but lately has s been unconnected with any business.* 1 FOR ENTIRE ARBITRATION 3 American Peace Conference Suspects a "Hankering" After War. t The fourth American Peace Con gress began a three days session at St. Louis Thursday morning with del- t egates present from all parts of the country. The chief adress of the morning was delivered by Andrew . Carnegie. Benjamin F. Trueblood, secretary of the American Peace Society spoke onthe"PresentDemands of the Peace Movement," saying "we have heard too much about 'national honor' and 'vital interests' and hair splitting distinctions betwen justifiable and non-justifiable disputes. Are we not trying to conceal a hankering after war and pilage every time we use one of these vague and indefinable terms? There are no unar.bitral con troversies in our day between nations where independence mutually is rec ognized." He also urged that the United States take the lead for an agreement among the powers for a limitation of armament. TEACHERS OF AGRICULTURE Are Scarce and the Government Calls For More of Them. The United States bureau of educa tion at Washington Thursday issued I an appeal for agricultural teachers in high schools. The bureau inciden- t tally pointed out that while the salar- I es of the majority of male teachers 1 In the high schools average only $700 the teachere of agriculture were re ceiving $1,200. "Lack of teachers" is the expla- t nation offered by the bureau as the 1 cause for the higher remuneration1 for those who teach agriculture. t "Not only is it found that the av- i erage pay of instructors in agricul ture is higher than of other teach ers," says the bureau, "but thati teachers who are able to give such1 instruction in addition to regular I work command better salaries than they otherwise would and are more likely to *be advanced to principal ships -than If they had not specialized in agriculture." HEAVY TAX ON LIQUOR. Texas Coingessman Would Divert Dis tillers' Profits to Treasury. Nearly the entire expense of run ning the government will be met by the tax or taxes on whisky and beer, if a bill introduced by Representa tive Vaughan, of Texas, is approved by Congress. The Texas statesman suggests that the internal revenue tax on malt and spirituous liquors be exactly the same figure as the tariff duties on these articles. By this plan he declares the government wilIl get the ,benefit of the protection on irtoxicating liquors instead of its go ing into the pockets of brewers and distillers. He estimates the revenue do tid amount to $180,000,000 a -ear. 1 Clark Showed Good Sense. The New York World -thinks Speaker Clark has shown good sense t in composing his quarrel with Secre tary of State 'Bryan. Mr. Clark still1 complains that it is beyond the pow er of Mr. Bryan or anybody else "to' correct the Injustice that was done to me at Baltimore." The World wants to know wherein was Mr. Clark a victim of anybody's injustice at Baltimore and goes on to say he' chose to cast his political lot with the bosses and reactionaries of the Dem ocratic party. When the issue was fairly joined the Murphys, the Taggarts, the Sulli vans, the Guffeys and the Wall street Democracy all arrayed themselves 1 undr the Clark banner. It was I Charles F. Miurphy, boss of Tammany Hall, who voted New York's ninety delegates as a unit and gave Mr. Clark the numerical majority in the convention which was expected tU start the stampede and give him the two-thirds majority necessary to the nomination. Mr. Clark was in very bad com pany, and for this he has only him self and his campaign managers to blame. Incidentally, it may be worth Mr. Clark's while to ponder over the fact that his most conspicuous jour nalistic supporter has already repud iated the Wilson administration be-c cause the Democrats are carrying outc their pledges to reform the tariff. a This little incident in itself may ' give Mr. Clark a little clearer Idea of the character of the forces that were 1 back of him-forces that would have 1 brought about his defeat even If he had beei nominated, and that would have wrecked his administration even if by chance he had been elected. This is all ancient history, but the' Speaker should understand that if hej has been arvictim of Injustice It wasi the inustic. .that he worked to him- C self In mxigdnderstanding the temper I of the ameriean people and the char-1 acter ofthe Issue that presentEd it SWAT THE FLY. [it Him Hard - the Price of the Skins is 10c Per Pint. The Orangeburg Times and Demo :rat says: The ladies of the Domestic Circle >f this cit yhave inaugurated a "Swat the fly" campaign and have arranged to buy all the dead flies that can be yornered and killed. All you have to lo it to get you a weapon, find the lies and go to work. When you have a pint or over take it to 'Uncle Wad" Way at the town hall tnd you will be paid ten cents for avery pound.: There is no time limit -you can begin now and kill them is long as you want to. But this is a serious matter. Flies tarry disease, hundred of germs may be on the foot of the fly walking over tour table, and these germs entering tour body start diseases. According to an expert, germs enter the body in )nly two ways: through the natural )penings such as your mouth or nose, tnd then through cuts and punctures .n the skin. A great majority of them ome through the first way. As soon as a germ enters your body it hunts up a favorable place md begins breeding other germs. t'hey are some plentiful in a little while, too.. A germ population dou les its inhabitants every hour. Now gure for yourself how many germs :here will be in your body if one erm enters and multiplies regularly or two days. Of course that would )e impossible, for long before the germs' two days were up, you would )e-there wouldn't be room for an )ther germ. Several hundred thou sand millions times million germs .vould have been brought into exist mee, and it would take over one hun ired freight cars of ordinary capacity :o carry them out. If you don't be ieve these figures, try it? Start with ne and double them each hour for :wo days. The fly is a great carrier of germs, specially typhoid. The only way a yerson can become infected with ty yhoid germs is by taking to his body in infinitestimal portion of the excre nent of another person who has the itsease. The fly is the carrier, swat he fly and stave off disease. Give Their Full Time. According to a recent ruling of Postmaster General Burleson, post nasters of the first, second, and third :lasses are expected to give their full :ime to the work. The post office de yartment will no longer permit such >ostmasters to run the post office as m side issue for some other business. 3e rightly holds that since the peo le contribute the money to pay the lalary, the people have the right to apect that the postmaster himself is ;arning it, instead of letting his sub >rdinate do all the work. Postmaster General Burleson hinks that if the postmastere devote their entire business time to their work, there will be need for fewer ;ubordinates, and thus a great econ my will be effected. Every Repub ican administration for the past six :een years has regarded post offices as legitimate game for political jalb unters. MnKinley postmasters were :hrown out to make room for Roose relt postmastei's, and so on. The Re rubican factions fought among them selves for the spoils. Fir sixteen years under Republican rule the small town post office has been a political reward pure and sim ple. And as a result, fully two-thirds >f the post offices of the United Statee re filled with men who continue lome other line of business activity. They are merchants, manufacturers and bankers. Once a day they drop [n at the post office to see If every thing is running all right, and then re free for the rest of the day to pursue their private money making. The $2,000, $2,500, $3,000 or $3, 500 which they draw in salary is pure 'velvet". The low paid clerks do he work. Postmaster Gentral Burleson has iformed the Democratic applicants that this practice must cease. Only ffiient men, and men who will give complete attention to their post offie duties, will be appointed. Somehow his doesn't sound like the spoils ays te against which the Republicans were warning the country last fall. But how different the actions of the Democrats! ~Never before in our his tory have the qualifications of candi lates for post office jobs .been exam ned with such care. It is predicted that for every pro essional politician offended by the order, there will be five or six votes ereated for the Democratic party by decency, honesty and economy in the administration. It is hoped that the administration will not swerve from its announced policy. And after It has thrown from odfice the profes lonal politicians drawing the sal aries while doing little or none of the work, and that the civil service will be extended to protect permanently the good men who will be placed in the thousands of post offices by the present administration. Will Japan Wait? The Athens Herald says while it is the part of wisdom and prudence for the secretary of state and the presi dent to exert all the moral suasion possible in California, we are at a loss to see how California can retract !rom her decision to pass the alien ownership laws, now in contempla ion. Governor Johnson's point that the Japanese are ineligible to citizen ship under national laws, strikes us as peculiarly forcible. The trouble about the whole question is that apan is going to excuse herself from, eing soothed, no matter how the luestion is settled: Those who have been keeping themselves informed as :o Japan's purposes and ambitions ave calculated all along that the ssue between Japan and the United, states, If forced at all, would ibe forc d .before the opening of the Panama ~anal. We can readily see how this horter route to the Orient would ,ut the Japs at a disadvantage n case of war. The California leg slature might, at least, consent to ait until the canal is opened before ~arrying out their plans, but event u~ppoing that they do wait, will Japan agree to wait, too? Not if :hey are really in earnest about pick ng a quarrel with us. 3Meat High, Butchers Quitting. 3Ieat prices have become so high at 3ilwaujfee, Wis., and sales have aJlen off tsuch an extent that near y half th'e butchers in the city are na eady to quit the business. e oEmil Priebe, secretary ASKS TO BE HANGED Ian Tells of Murder of Missouri Fifly Years Ago. Driven, as a said, by the pains of onscience, a man, who gave his Lame as George Taylor, walked Into a olice station at St. Louis, and asked o be locked up for murder. Years .go George Taylor escaped from the arrilton jail on the 'eve of his exe ution and officers seal shed for him he country over without avail. The officer in charge of the police station sked the visitor if he was the man. "Certainly I am," was the reply, and I am tired of being at large, or I am a murderer. My brother .nd I killed four of the Meeks family Lear Lineus, Linn county, in 1896. le was hanged and I got away. My nind has been bothering me since. ou can take me out and hang me tow if you like." Later the man became confused n reciting his story, and will be held Ltil his idnetly is established. * BORDEN FINDS DAUGHTER. Essing Child of Millionaire Sought to Escape Discinpline. Miss Romana (Borden, daughter of rail Borden, millionaire condensed silk dealer In New York city, was re tored to her father in Boston, Mass., y detectives this week. Her father Low is planning to place her under aedical care in some quiet retreat rhere she may recover from the phy ical and nervous strain she was un er during her flight. Miss Borden escaped from a sani arium at Pompton Lakes, N. J., rhen she felt that the discinpline to rhich she was being subjected was 0o irksome and a real punishment. he was sent to the school because he had run away to Washington a ew weeks ago against her father's ishes. * MoMANIGAL TO ALTER FACE. 'onfessed Dynamiter Hopes to Avoid Recognition When Liberated. Ortie E. McManigal, confessed dy iamiter, plans to have his appearance Lltered by surgery when he is set ree. It is reported his release from he county jail in Los Angeles, Cal., nay be granted at any time, and Mc anigal hopes to so change himself hat no one will know him as the nan whose testimony sent the McNa ara .brothers and more than a score f labor union officials to prison. De ectives say his release will be kept ecret to aid him. * Evasion and Robbery. We have an autho 'itative account >f some of the swindlers of tariff tchedule K, in the current Century agazine from Chief Statistician tone of CMr. Taft's Board. Accord ng to Mr. Stone Schedule K as it tands is a swindle in its L'protec ion" to wool-growers, who were sup lying three-fourths of the American rool consumption fifty years ago and tre now supplying little more than a ialf. It is shown to be a swindle against he carded-wool branch of the man ifacture In favor of the combing or vorsted wool branch dominated by he Woollen Trust. It is a swindle in ts professed protection to American abor at American wages, as Is shown n the fact that no other skilled, labor s paid so low a wage as that of the wool-manufacturer. It is again a windle In presuming that high wage 'ates mean high cost. of production. then the Tariff 'CBloard found to the :ontrary. Mr. Stone directs attention to an niquity not so well known which loubles up on all the others. This is chieved through "compensatory" !uties which on most imported cloth fllow a protection of four times per >ound the wool duty of eleven cents efore the manufacturer begins to ollect his net protection of 50 to 55 >er cent. Accordingly ~ as the manufacturer nixes cotton or other cheap substi utes, he adds thie "compensatory" luties to his net protection. To the ool-grower he hands a shoddy suit it wool prices while dodging the pro ected obligation to buy wool from im. To his cheap immigrant labor ie passes half-cotton dress goods at >rotection prices, after denying its hare in the -wool protection. To american consumers at large he >alms off for wool cotton and shoddy lothing and blankets under a sneak rotection sometimes as much as 100 >er cent. The New York World says to its >pen patronage of delusive and frau lulent protection, Schedule K adds his hidden measure of privilege eva ion and robbery. Revision on the asis of free wool as in the Under rood bill can alone knock out all this niquity. VEDI~CT AGAINST RA1LWAY. outhern Pacific Ordered to Return 2,300,000 Acres to U. S. Land stipulated to be worth $30, )00,00 and estimated by experts to are a value of $40,000,000 to $60, i00,000 has been ordered taken from he Southern Pacific Railroa'd comn lany and returned to the Federal ;overnment, by Judge C. E. Wolver on in the United States District court n Portland, Ore. The Oregon-California land grant ase involving more than :00,000 Lcres, will 'be carried to the Circuit ~ourt of Apepals, sitting at San ~rancisco, and later to the United ;tates Supreme court for final adjud ation. It was submitted without ~rguent, after an agreement of ounsel out of court.* Moved Where Jail Was Handy. A new reason for living ini a big ity was given by Violet Piotrowski, f Detroit, Mich., who appeared gainst her father, who was charged rith drunkenness. Until recently the amily lived in a small town in Ohio ut moved to Detroit in order that er father might be jailed for his urees, the police facilities of minor sunicipalities not being sufficient to .ccomplsh his correction. The court ssued a warrant for non-support. * Greens Fatal to Woman. 'Poson dock In a dish of greens used the death of Mrs. .3artha impbell, at Council Grove, .Kan. 'he woman picked the greens, and ot knowing the dock was poisouous, ased It* VAST MAJORITY PURE MOST MEN AND WOMEN LEAD WHOLESOME LIVES Every Person Should Be Trained For Some Definite Work in Life To Es cape Want. The vast majority of men and wo men, no mater how humble their means and how hard their privations, are wholesome and pure In life and deserve to be named among those who do the nation honor, in the opin ion of Secretary Redfield, head of the Department of Commerce. He de clares that records of his department which is at the head of every nation al investigation of the white slave traffic, indicate that an insucienffit wage is not of itself a temptation to wrong-doing, but is only one of the conditions which give bad causes a chance to do evil work. Secretary Redfield aserts that the United States must now bend every effort to creating new conditions which will tend to st'rengthen the en vironments which let the forces that lift up have play, and destroy the conditions under which the forces which drag down work. Commenting on his own experi ences, Secretary Redfield asserts that a young woman recently called at his o4Fce and asked for work. In answer to a question as to what she could do she replied "nothing." "There was a place where the downward drag had a good chance," comments Secretary Redfield. "Neither her brain nor her hand had been trained to do practical 'work." The Department of Commerce is now urging every mother who knows the path of danger she herself trod to make the paths of boys- and girls of the present 'age safer by giving them training in some vocational work so that they may not get out in to life and find it a blind alley and finaly be led to a position where they must face a condition of moral over strain to win a livelihood. Secretary Redfield insists that lack of virtue is not a mathematical equa tion, and that it is not a cose of so few dollars and so much vice, or so much money and so little vice. He declares that an insufficient wage is not in itself a cause of misdoing, but one of the causes which give a chance for bad causes to do evil work. Low wages are cited as keeping girls constantly distresed and lacking the normal things that a girl ought to want and cannot get. It is this condiion which frequently leads to a fall, and it is named by the secretary as one of the conditions that must be eradicated by modern society if .progress is to be made in the fight against immorality. * "Floods of Godless Men." In speaking of the recent floods Louis F. Post contributes a most in teresting article to The Chicago Pub lic. He says "precisely this is what the catastrophes of the past week in reality are-"fioods of godless -men". Not of particular men who are god less, but of the godless men in each of us. Trace those floods back to their -physical causes. Scrutinize those moral causes, and you find them to consist of that deadly love for unearned dollars from which none of us Is entirely free, and a wicked Indifference to common rights, of which all of us are in some measure guilty. "They are the "floods of go'dless men"-of the unrighteousness that [is in all men. It Is well, therefore, that all contribute somewhat to the relief of the misery all have caused and are causing. Large aggregate contributions from many persons in small Individual amounts, would best express the general consciousness of guilt. But that is enough to wash away the stain. The "godless men" within us can not be evicted or sup pressed by gifts to relief funds. The only effective penance Is a new com munal life.. "So long as we get something 'for nothing-nay, even so long we In differently allow others to get some thing for nothing-so long shall there be "floods of godless men" with all their calamitous consequences; for none can get something for noth lg unless others get nothing for something. To relieve calamities we must give when calamities come, no matter why, they come. But to pre vent calamity, we must arouse our selves to the beneficent commands of the moral law. Its punitive sanctions can not be averted by relief funds. To stay the "floods of godless men" our "godless men" must be reduced to order. To make physical laws serve us well we must hitch them to the moral law."~ Developmuent of the Individual. The development of the individual is never complete. Solomon de scribes the path of the just as "like the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day," and Holland, putting the same into verse. says: "Heaven is not gained by a single bound. We build the lader by which we rise From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies, And mount to Its summit round by round." "So with the work of government and the work of civilization," says The Commoner, "we find an unfinish ed work when he arrive; we leave the work unfinished when we are called hence. Each day marks out our duty for us. and it Is for us to devote our selves to it, whatever it may be, with high purpose and unfaltering cour age. Whether we live to enjoy the fruits of our efforts or lay down the work before the victory is won, we know that every well spoken word has Its influence; that no good deed is ever lost. And -we know also, that no one can count his life on earth as spent in vain, If when he departs. it can be said: "The night is darker because -his light has gone out; the world is not so warm be cause his heart has grown cold In death." Those Republican Senators who say that they will 'hold up some of President Wilson's appointments are fixing a phn to have all Republicans in the South turned out of the offices they l'old, as it w'ould not be a hard matter to conviet nearly all of them A GROWING EVIL Lack of Sability in American Fami ly Life Increasing. Family life in the United States is more unstable than in any country or nation in the civilized world, ac cording to a recent statement by Prof. Charles Ellwood, of the depart ment of Sociology in the University of ilissouri. According to the latest figures in the hands of sociologists, it is stated 68,000 divorces were granted in 1905 when the population of the United States was 85,000,000. In Canada, in the same year, only 33 divorces were granted. In France the rate of divorces is one in every 30 marriages; Germany, one in 44: Switzerland, one in 22, and England, one in 400. In the past 20 years it is estimated divorces have ben increasing three times as fast as the population of the United States. If the rate keeps up the pro portion of divorces wil be one in four in 1950, and one in two at the beginning of the Twenty-first cen tury, asserts Prof. Ellwood. In the state of Washington the di vorce rate is one in every' five mar riages; in Oregon and Montana, one in five and a half; in Texas, Arkan sas and Kansas and Missouri, one In eight. In the Eastern states the pro portion is much higher, placing the average rate of the nation at one divorce in every twelve marriages. Many cities show high rates, and in general statistics indicate that rural communities show a smaller propor tion than cities and larger towns. . MINERS RETURN TO WORK. Gov. Hatfield Sure All Trouble Is Ov er in West Virginia Field. Cne-third of the miners in the Kanawha field in West Virginia have returned to work, and the remainder are eager to work under the terms suggested by Gov. H. D. Hatfield and agreed to by the miners' convention and operators'. Gov. Hatfield spent several days in the coal fields this week. He found the operators ready to take the men back, 'excepting in the cases of a few of the most radical of the strike lead ers. He asserts that before the end of the week all the men in the region will be back on their old jobs, which they left over a year ago. WIDOW ACCUSED OF MURDER Mrs. Laura T. Reuter Will be Tried at Bartlesville, Okla. Charged with knowing, the plans of the slayers of her husband, Charles Reuter, one of the most promising young attorneys of Tulsa, Okla., his widow Mrs. Laura T. Reuter, will be placed on trial this month in Bartles ville, Okla. She declares she is Inno cent of the charge and will establish her innocnec by the same confession through which the prosecution plans to condemn her. Guy D. Gi'ackenzie and Joe Baker are now serving life sentences charg ed with the killing of Reuter. Against them the confession of Bud Bellew, a chauffeur, was used. It Is asserted in his confession he did not mention Mrs. Rueter directly. Why They Are Not Wanted. The reason why California wishes to exclude the Japanese Is because of their effect upon the labor conditions of the white people of the State. A Sacraento rpaper suggest "that Mr. Bryan take an auto and ride to Per kins and on to Florin and Elk Grove and see the Japanese women laboring in the fields. Let him view the huts they live in and contrast them with the white men's homes next door. If this continues, how long will It be before the white women will be com pelled to labor in the fields to help their husbands obtain even the -.eces saries of life? How long will it be until the white families will be de graded to the same miserable huts? Now these three towns mentioned are all in this county, a few miles east of the capital city of -the State, under the very nose of the Legislature, and were formerly prosperous American communities. And there are others south of the city, towns where the newspapers scarcely find it worth while trying to maintain a circulation that formerly was large." It will be seen -that the Japanese settlers are a hindrance rather than a bene~t to California. Under the circumstances we do not blame the .people of the State for not wanting them as resi dents. We would not want them here. There is no comparison be tween negroes and the Japs.' Wthat Booze Did for Him. The other day Thomas Seabrooke died in Chicago in the most miserable surroundings. The Cedar Rapids Re publican says a dozen years or so ago he was easily the foremost comedian on the stage. He was a born come dian. There was no horseplay effect in his acting. At that time he was able to make $75,000 a year, for he could draw, audiences that would warrant a manager in paying him such a salary. The announcement that Seabrooke was in the cast al ways filled a theater In those days. But, says The Republican, Sea brooke made one mistake. He thoughrt he could get away with John Barleycorn and put him under the table. He knew that other men had failed, and failed miserably, In the unequal contest, but the thought that he was to be the one exception, the man who could win the victory. But he didn't win. They never do win who start out on such a trial of strength. The end is always the same, dishonor, humiliation, shame and suffering of every kind. Sea brooke died in delirium tremens. He had one supreme agony of mind, when all the devils and snakes of hell tormented him, and then he was dead, dead at a time when he ought to be in the beginnings of a mellow maturity, the kind of matur ity in which Joe Jefferson was at his best and during which he gave his friends and admirers their greatest pleasure out of art. This is a tem perance sermon that should be heard and heeded by all men, but most es pecially the young men. Every man, young or old, who takes one drink faces the awf-il fate that overtook the talented Seabrooke. Governor Blease's negro chauffeur is giving more trouble in Columbia. This was to be expected when the Governor let it be known that he be ieved the negro before he would the DIED IN THE MINE EXPLOSION ELLLS ONE HUNDRED OR MORE MEN NOT VERY MANY ESCAPE Rescue Squad of the United States Bureau of Mines Located Bodies of the Victims and Brought Seven ty of Them to the Surface by Mid. night. The lives of 100 miners, possibly 120, paid the toll shortly after noon Wednesday of a disastrous explosion in the Cincinnati mine of the Monon gahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company at Finleyville, Pa. Over three scon of workmen in the mine made thrilling escapes, crawl ing most of the time on tneir hands and knees through dealy gas fumes and over debris. Preparations are being made to handle the dead. Box cars have been ordered to a mine siding. The vic tims probably will be taken from the mine at daylight and shipped at once to Monongahela City, where they are to be prepared for burial. At 9 o'clock Wednesday night res cuing parties coming from the mine were of the belief that all the en tomberd men were dead. The force of the explosion was ter rifc. A fifteen-ton motor was turn ed over. Many feet of mine track were twisted and ripped from the ties. The mine is aflame. Rescue work is being carried on with difficulty, owing to the fire and deadly fumes. The coal company maintains a rescue corps patterned after mine force of the United States Government. Aid from the Federal mining experts, it is said, was declined by the coal com pany. Only a few of the miners who reached the surface could talk. Suf fering from burns or fright the min ers only knew that an explosion had occurred and that a large number of men are either killed by the explosion or asphyxiated by the after damp. Several hours after the explosion seven foreign miners crawled from one of the entrances. All were se riously burned. They could give no connected account of. conditions in the mine. They also said the mine is full of dead. Relatives and friends of the miners beneath the earth are frantic. Many of them had to be restrain ed. After a time a guard was placed completely around the entrances to the mine and all persons except res cuers and mine officials were held at a distance. A gas explosion is thought to have caused Wednesday's disaster, altho this fact has not been exactly deter mined. Fire damp, it Is said, may have been responsible. Of the known dead all are Americans. The explo- * slon occurred between No. 1 and No. 2 right entries, 3,000 feet from the mouth of the mine. A. V. 'Brown, assistant mine foreman, stated that 179 men went to -work in the mine Wednesday morning. Of the 179 men who entered the mine for work Wed nesday, 38 made their escape through what is known as the Mingo entry of the mine, and 38 or 40 miners also escaped through the Courtney entry. At least 100 men are unaccounted for. Robert Carten, a track-layer, who escaped Wednesday, night told the following story: I had been work-* ing at the .head of No. 16 entry, after eating lunch I resumed work at 12:30 and had: driven only two spikes when the explosion occurred. The concus sion knocked me down and I was un conscious for fifteen minutes. Oth ers quickly arrived where I was. Fol lowed by about twenty-five .men I started down No. 8 Motor road, one of the main roads of the mine. We had not gone far before we found. there was so much smoke we could go no further. We tried No. 7 Motor road and found this also choked with smoke and debris. Less than 100 feet In No. 16 entry we found our way blocked. We turned back and had penetrated No. 15 entry some distance when we were again blocked by debris. "I found a hole at the top of the debris. I crawled through this on my stomach for a distance of 200 feet and the others followed. Finally 7 reached No. 4 -Motor road, which was clear. I could not hear those behind. After a time I reached the surface. "Later the other men reached the opening. All were Ill and dazed on account of fumes." MORE HEETER CHARG~ES Accusations; Come From Other Towns Against Pittsburg Educator. Additional charges are heeping up against Sylvanus L. Heeter, superin Pittsburg, concerning his conduct In Lagro and Converse, Ind., and St. Paul, Minn., where he was an educa tor before he accepted 1sptoeition in. Pittsburg. He Is now facing charges preferred by two Pittsburg girls after. his acquittal on charges filed by a former nurse girl in the Heeter household. Meetings of the citizens are being held in protest against the proposed secret sessions of the committees of. citizens appointed to Investigate the Heeter charges. Thousands of chil dren are still on strike because of Heeter's return to duty, though he is now in 'North Manchester, Ind., his old home, where he was summoned because of the serious illness of his mother. The Investigators have completed an outlie for their probe, but will not - start work until Hester returns to PIttsburg so that he may be present and defend himself In person, If he so desires.* To Annex Lower California. Asserting that $25,000,000 has been pledged for the purchase of _ Lower California from the Mexican government by a group of American a capitalists, W. J7. ;ofcGim-psey, a progp erty owner at Punta Banda, Cal., said the deal would -be consummated soon and annexation to the United States would be agitated. Ho sild the plan was considered facorably by. the late President Madero, but some dffitulty with the Huerta regime Is