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the Legislative CovraritteF FAVORS F ADICAL CE ANGES. He Discusses intelligently Topics Which Are of interest. In crease tin Levy or te d1uce Expense.. e In response to the reovest of the t commission to suggest to the legisla- ! ture remedies for the weakness in the J tax system. Mr. Jesse T. Gantt' secretary of state. has made some i.i vestigations whici have convinced t himself of the necesity for a changeje in the laws. His very full report will be sent to the commissioners before their meeting in Columbia next I Thursday. After reviewing the situa- s tion in this State, he quotes copiously from the messages of Gov. Nash of Ohio, Gov. Odell of New York. Gov. Van Sant of Minnesota. Ex-Gov. Tyler of Virginia. Goy. Beckham of Kentucky, Ex-Gov. Voorhees of New Jersey and Gov. Murphy of New Jer sey, all of whom approve a franchise tax. In his letter to the commissioners. Senators Mower and Manning and Representatives Moses, Thomas and Tatum. Mr. Gantt says in part: "'The first inquiry which must ad- e dress itself to you is that of the finan cial condition'of the State. compared with its condition in former years." He then submits a table compiled t from the olicial reports for the past six years, showing the gross amount realized from the State levy, the cash on hand available and to the credit of the general fund at the close of each of said years. and the outstanding obligations of the governor and treas urer borrowed to meet current indebt- ' edness. This table shows that no tis- a cal year was ended with an 'Dutstand ing indebtedness until 1901, when the State was in arrears 8145.000, an amount-which was increased to $296, 852 by the beginning of the current year. 1 Mr. Gantt continues: "It will thus be seen that until two years ago the State, while not on a cash basis, generally received the new c year's taxes in time to meet all re quired payments when due, alithougn on some occasions the trt'surer was compelled to resort to the expedient of overdrawing his account with the banks. It showj- hat on the 1st of January last-'although more taxes leviedfo one new year had been col 1e an ever before, the treasurer outstanding notes for money bor rowed to meet current expenditures r aggregating $296,852.76. It can be said, however, in partial explanation of this condition, that for 1898, $92, 000, and in 199, 8100.000, was re - ceived by the treasurer from the dis pensary, and that, the present condi tion of the treasury is not entirely dues to an increase in the appropriations. c "For the present fiscal year. not withstanding the fact that $88,000 g, was received from the United States government and used in payment of C the appropriation for pensions,. S275,- e 000 has already been borrowed by the treasurer, which wili doubtless be in creased to $375,000, the full amount permitted by law to be borrowed, be fore the close of the fiscal year. RECEIPTs AND EXPENDITU~REs. a "The appropriations which it is 12 usual to make exceed 81,125,000 each year; the receipts of the State barely n exceed $1,000,000. . G "It will thus be seen that not only i is the State's finances in comparably ri worse conditions than six years ago,. that each year adds to our difficulties t a fioating indebtedness exceeding q $100,000. In his message to the gen eral assembly in 1898, Gov. Ellerbe,t *who had been comptroller general, -and consequently was qualified toi speak with authority as to the condi- ~ tion of the State, asserted that "The gnanges of the States are in a very n unsatisfactory condition. * * * 11 B3 refusing to borrow $100,000, as is s often done, though I have not :javed ~ thae State any great amount in the way of interest cbarges, I Tiave re- g fused to sanction what appears to me n to be a bad precedent." In his mues- P . sage to the general assembly of 1899. a he said: "The finances of the State t are stili in a very unsatisfactory con dition. * * * The appropriations ~ must be cut down or the tax levy t raised." Gov. Ellerbe referred to the I necesty of the State treasurer to r overdraw his accounts with the banks during the summer months until ~the t collection of the new year's taxes in ~ the fall could reimburse them, or to n borrow money sometimes for that pur pose. When he refused to borrowl -money, it was with no iiea that the l note would be outsanding at the close h of the year, but would be settled from e taxes soon to be collected. The State ~ he deemed to have a deticit of .$10),- a 000, because it would have reouired ' practically that amount at that time t to meet the current year's -appropria tions from the taxes assessed for the n expenses of the current year. On this b basis the deficit was, in round num- P bers, $440,000 on Jan. 1 last, and S It will reach approxihnately $600,000 n by the next meeting of the general as sembly.t "The finances of the State are un- f~ questionably in a deplorable condition. sl and that some remedy must be found. n and that at once, is unquestionable. si ':Four alternate remedies suggest a themselves: n "First, Reduction in appropria- j tions. "Second. An increase in the levy. * "Third. An increase in assessments. "Fourth. New sources of revenue. d REDT-CE APP'RoRITIATIONs. "Is it possible to reduc-e appropria tions to a sutlicient amount to come witnin the present available income oft the state? "The amount annually expended in t the government of the city of New York would run the government of t South Carolina about 40 years. "Of our present tax levy of five mills, one and one-half mills required to pay the interest on the public dcebt, three-fourths of a mill to support, the asylum and institute for the blind one mill for the pensions and a little les than three-fourths of a mill fo et al col In leges and institutions for higher edu cation of the State. There is hu left but little more thani one mill to' support the entire machinery of the State government. including the pay ~ ment of the salaries of all o;licers of1 the State, including the legislature and the judiciary, the expenses of the enforcement of the laws and the cojl lection of the taxes and for all spec' i - -- mergencies which arise. Can it be C oing.:l the -:eterans. C:'ur the in 1ates out and Ecse th asy l ma doors learly there i ne remedy here. and nv appropriations -.hat can be or will e cut will not ac..t the result, and ill leave the necessity now upon us as pparent as before. INCREAsE THE LEVY. "Carr the levy be increased? While is within the authority of the gen ral assembly to increase the levy to ny amount necessary to meet the eeds of the State. and clearly it must ,e increased if other remedies are re etted. this step would entail added ardship upon those citizens who own eal property, and who are already earing more than their share of the urden of government. If the next eneral assembly attempts to thus aise sufficient money to pay the out tanding notes of the treasurer. and o raise a sufficient amount to meet necessary appropriations, a levy of even and one-half cr eight mills must ,e made: if the outstanding notes are arried as floating indebtedness, still he levy must be increased at least ne-half mill. "This levy of seven and one-half or ight mills would be nearly three times he average direct levy in the other tates of the union. We can only ap reciate our condition by comparing b with theirs. Would not an increase n the levy but add to the difficulties nder which we are laboring, by giv 3z an added inducement to the own rs of real and personal property to vade an excessive demand by the Mate government. "Is not the present ridiculously low eturns for assessment in many quar crs due t:, a feeling with many people hat beca'se their property is tangible hey are called upon to bear a burden rhieh should be in part on the shoul ers of other men? In a bulletin issued by the State of few York, showing the finances of the arious States for the year 1895, the ecuracy of which cannot be question d. it is shown that -15 States of the uion received that year from all ources $124,925,920 of which only 49,666,40S came from gen'ral proper y taxes. South Carpijna received that ear from all soirces (including phos hate royalst, which, like the State's ispeny income, has vanished) $1, 5O;90, of which $845,708 came from he general property tax. _-Thus the tates collectively raised only two fths of the money required for their urposes by direct taxes upon proper y: .South Carolina thus raises practi ally all of hers. "Assessments clearly -should be ised, if for no other reason than that he relative importance and resources f the State should not be misrepre ented to the world at large. How ver, I doubt if any better method of ising them will be ' found than to rst reduce the present excessive tax vy and show to the man who owns eal estate that he is asked to con ribute only his fair share to the sup ort of government. "For the foregoing reasons, I would ggest as the most practical means f rectifying the present financial ondition o1 the State the adoption of >me of the measures by which the ther States of the union have been nabled to raise three-fifths of the arious sums required for their sup ort, and I could not better express lie measures which I would reconm iend than did Gov. Nash to the gen al assembly of Ohio, at the session f 1902, and which were substantially opted by that body and enacted into After quoting Gov. Nash's recomn 1endation as to the franchise tax, MIr. antt continues: "Of course I do not itend in every instance to endorse or scommend the schedule fixed -in this ill, as your committee and ther mem ers of the general assembly are well ualified to determine what would be air and equitable, and what excep ons, if any, should he made therein. would call your attention to the fact at New York exempts manufactur ig corporations from the payment of ais annual franchise tax. 1 intend ierely to suggest the source; nor can be expected that anything like the ims suggested by Gov. Nash can be salized in South Carolina. "The revenue derived from the or anization of corporations cannot be aterially increased. Although the resent schedule was ad'opted largely t my suggestion, its practical opera on has convinced methat some modi cations and amendments should be tade to it, and to the general law for e formation of corporations, which will suggest in detail in my regular port to the general assembly. "Among other sources of revenue to e State are inheritance taxes, and rtain forms of business licenses. A Lajority of the States of the union x inheritance in some form; the At ntic coast States generally receive rge sums from fish and oyster privi ges and taxes, while slot machines, c., are generally taxed elsewhere. hese measures, in some instances, re more equitable and less burden me than some of the corporation txes referred to. "The general assembly should adopt 'a measure which will place an undue rden upon any industry; the pros rity of the State no longer depends lely upon agriculture, but is inti Lately and inseparably connected with ie vell-bei-ng and pro!Itableness of ade and manufactures. The corpor ions have done, and are doing, much >r South Carolina and the State mould adopt the most liberal laws and reasures in dealing with them con stent with the good of the common -alth. But this liberality should o extend to an exemption from any ortion of their share of the burden of overnment. " While 1 realize that some of the ieasures I have proposed will be emed revolutionary, and possibly un tir by some of those who are familiar ny with the laws and practices in outh Carolina, they are in fact not >. They are now in force in many of he most progressive States, and have ot been found unduly burdensome: bey have been frequently deter'mined y the courts to be just and constitu ional." Wanted Him Out. It is said that a promnient South ar'olina lawyer received the following gniticant letter from a former Geor ian who now lives in Texas: "Dear Kernel: I have hearn that y son .John has been sent to the zislature' an' rite to ask that you use 1 possible means to get him o'it. he old lady an' me allers taught im to be a good boy and never had o idea that he would bring disgrace pon our honorable name. Ef you an't :ret him out enny other way lease try to get (ov. Tearrel to par on him an' I will settle the bill an' cacg Would Not Stop to riC cr. a Man Who Pf. A special dispatch to the Au:ust Chronicle says Mr. Frank Booth. ti prominent Oconee county plant"r wl fell from the Seaboard Air Line trai near Tucker, Ga.. Tuesday nigl about 9 o'clock, regained consci usne. Wednsday morning about :; o'clock I find two dogs biting him. and to fin himself badly torn up by foaiing froi a train running at about :o miles a hour. Mr. Booth had been to Atlanta ar was returning bome on the Seaboa train which leaves Atlanta at 8:10 i m. After the train left Tucker M Booth tried to pass from one car 1 another. and in doing so, anoth' passenger brushed against hit- and lI fell from the train. Before the trai had run a half mile, according to man witnesses who were on board, the be cord was pulled and conductor Lar was notified that Mr. Booth had falle off. Mayor J. F. Rhodes, Mr. Cha N. Ilodgson and other prominent mE on the train went to Lane and askE him to back- the train and pick M Booth up. Lane was sitting in the n, gro coach and did not get up; he w, writing and did not move his pent from the paper on which he was wri ing, but replied, in an unconcerne manner, that when the train reache Lawrenceville, a distance of son fifteen miles. he would wire to Atlant and have the next freight train luo out for Mr. Booth. Lane's refusal 1 back the train such a short distance in a case like this. completely dun founded those who appealed to him do so, as it disgusted the other pa scngers on the train and many threa were made against theman. Several parties-decided to board tl engine at tie-next stop, and whil others tOok charge of Lane, hold pistol to his head and compel him I retuirh, for the unfortunate man wt: was left to his fate on the right way. it was decided, however, the this was not the rigfit thing to i and a petition was circulated by committee of passengers expressin the indignation of those aboard tt train, and asking that Lane be di charged. The petition, signed by. number of.prominent men in this'se tion of the state, who witnesse Lane's conduct, is as follows: "Supt. E. Berkley, Seaboard A] Line, Atlanta, Ga. Dear Sir: W( the undersigned passengers on vot train leaving Atlanta Monday nigi at 3:10 o'clock, very respectfully sul mit that Conductor Lane, of sai train. should be summarily dischari ed from the service of your compan on the following statement of facts: "Near Tucker, Ga., on your roa< Mr. Frank Booth, a leading plant of Oconee county, fell from the trait two reputable witnesses saw him fal the hell cord was pulled before ti train could have possibly run a ha: mile and Conductor Lane was itmm diately notitied of what had occurre and appealed to by a score of peop: to carry the train back and recove said Booth. (Signed) C. N. Hodgsen, B. F. Ho der, Jr., I. B. Smith, A. M. Burel Barrett Phinzy, .J. G. Hill, P. A Smith, 0. 0. Niblock, D. A. Watsoi S. B. Wingfield Jr., J. F. Rhodes, . G. Carthiers, C. D~. Epps, H. P.'i ton, Paul E. Jackson k'. A. Connel E. D). Sledge, J. A. Wilson, Louis 1% Johnson, J. WV. Tuck, W. C. Wini field, J. N. Williamson, WV. A. Ha ris, E. G. Turner, L. P. Durham, I .J. Turner, W. G. Harris." NODERN ENOCH AUDEN. A Man Supposed to be Oead Suddeno Turns Up. *A special dispatch from Griffin, Ga to the Atlanta Journal says: "The truth is stranger than fiction ha been most forcibly demonstrated by strange incident that has - create great excitement in this city. Jac Reid, belonging to one of the bes families in Georgia and before tb war'one of the most wealthy, turne up in Griffin Wednesday night, afte having supposedly been dead twent y ars. His case outrivals Rip Va Winkle in human interest and patho When a young man Reid was marrie to one of the fairest daughters of tb state, but they separated and Rei went west over thirty years ago. "About twenty years since a dit patch came to his relatives here tha he had been killed in a light in Text and his supposed remains wer brought to Gritfin and interred in th family burial ground. It is said tha the casket was opened and the bod identified as that of Jack Reid. H1: relatives mourned his demise and; second wife came an-1 wept over hi bier. Wednesdiy .night the polic found a strange man on the streets evidently trying to locate scenes o long years ago. When asked hi name he replied that he was Jiac Reid. When the story was circulate over the city Thursday it created sensation the like of which Griflin ha never known and many refused ti believe the man's statements. "Friends of his boyhood hunted hit up and used every cunning questio to entrap the man and prove him t be a fake, but their etlorts were futilb and all are forced to admit the trutt fulness of his assertion that he is th Jack Reid and the body resting in th city cemetery is tflat of an unknow man. Reid claims to have been liv ing in Central and South America ft many years past and accumulated an lost a large fortune. .lle left Lieme Peru, nine weeks ago and reached hi old home Wednesday night. IHe ha a sister living in Grirlin. Mrs. Charle G. Mills, but she is away for the surr mer and Reid says he will not be her but a few days and does not knos whether he weill get to see her or nol When asked about the fraud perpt trated upon his relatives in sendin the remains of another. pretendin they were his, he replied that he kne of the circumstances, but would no give his reason for allowing the de cetion. Used Her Teeth. A dispatch from Columbia, Ga. says when 1Bailitrs Jack Harris and ( A. Smith attempted to arrest Etmm Ferrell. colored. Wcduesday afte. noon, she drew a hammer on the o0l cer, but was prevented from using i1 he bi alt'Harris, sinking he teeth in his arm before he could pre vent it. In the strugglie the woma was struck in the face with handeutV nd woae finalle' auroesed S T TO EATF. Harry Dean at Sartanrgr. Miller McKinney. a member of the .a firm of Sloane & McNinney, merchants 1e at Tucaupa mills, was shot and killed o Wednesday afternoon about 3 o'clock n by Harry Dean, son of Magistrate .J. it M. Dean of Duncan's. The tragedy is a most deplorable one. and the prominence of the families of both de d ceased and his slayer makes it the more regrettable. From what can be learned of the happening, it appeais that a debt of d $2.50 due McKinney by Dean, caused d the killing. The two men entertain y ed hard feelings for each other for r. some time, and the tragic sequel of ro this afternoon was the result. There yr seems to have been no eyewitnesses to te the affair. The body of McKinney n was discovered on the road side imme y diately after the meeting of the men. 11 Yesterday afternoon Miller McKin e ney was riding in his bugiry from n Tucapau to Duncan's. About a quar . ter of a mile from Tucapau he and n Harry Dean had their meeting. Dean :d was on foot. The noise of the pistol c. shots was heard and shortly after - wards the lifeless body of Miller Mc ,s Kinney was discovered. il Harry Dean secured a horse and - rode to this city where hesurrendered d to the county sheriff and was imme d diately placed in jail. lie was seen 1e there this afternoon late. le is 18 ,a years if age, and a youth of medium, k slight build. iHe wore the ordinary o working clothes of a farmer and ap peared calm and collected in conversa 1- Lion. le was asked as to the rumor that - he shot McKinney from ambush. - This he denied emphatically and his version of the tragedy is tniat he had 1e started up the road from his field to e see a neighbor and met Miller McKin a ney driving along in a buggy. o McKinney accosted him about the o $2.50 account, and Dean acknowledg )f ed that he owed him something, but t not that much. This caused an in , terchange of some hot wordis: and a then, according to Dean's statement, a McKinney with an oath, said: "I will ;e just give you a whipping." In return s Dean warned him to stay in the bug a gy: but McKinney was in the act of getting out and, Dean says McKinney d produced a pistol at this juncture. he (Dean) .lrew a 38-calibre pistol and r shot. le stated that he did not know how mapy times he tired. ilis r aim was effective and fatal and Mc .t Kinney was a dead man in a few min - utes. d Harry Dean's plea will be self-de - fense. The deceased was about 25 , years of age, unmarried, and a son of Mr. Wn. McKinney, who lives near Clifton. His family is a prominent r one in Spartanburg county. Harry i Dean is a grandson of Col. A. -H. ; Dean of Duncan's and a nephew of e State Senator Dean of Greenville coun r ty and Chief of police Dean oT this - city. His father, Mr. J1. M. Dean of d Duncan's, is one of the county's sub e stantial citizens. Coroner Foster r left this afternoon to conduct the in quest. ________ 1- THE NEGRO IN CHICAGO. He Barely Escapes With His Life~ From a Lynching Mob. - Under a fire of bricks and stones .. policemen Wednesday night at Chica . go, Ill.,- rescued a negro murderer from a mob of would-be lynchers. Ten minutes before, John Brinkley, at col ored watchman, had shot and killed Charles McCarthy, a plasterer, almost in the presence of the latter's wife, Y who stood in the doorway holding her baby. Then the negro, backing into the doorway of his own quarters, held a crowd of 200 men and boys at bay Suntil policeman Robert Mooney walk .t ed up to him unarmed and took his .s weapon. Mooney took his -prisoner ainto the otlice of the tile factory, in awhich Brinkley was employed, to d await the patrol wagon. But as be k did so the crowd surged forward once t more with cries of "Lynch him," e 'Lynch him; get a rope." Brinkley turned and tied from the office by the rear door. rThe mob saw the escape, and, head y ed by Mooney, streamed down an alley in pursuit. The negro ran severai .blocks before he was iinally overtaken. 'The policeman having been brushed i aside Brinkley was now at the mercy e of the crowd. A teamster jumped d down from his wagon and began lash ing the negro across. the face with his ;-whip, the victim being held the while t by a dozen men and boys. A patrol S wagon arrived with three policemen, C who, together with Mooney, seized the e negr') and succeeded in dragging him t to the patrol wagon. The horses V were whipped up and the rescued pris oner whirled to thc police station. I None of the rioters was arrested. 5' The killing grew out of a quarrel in e which McCarthy had accused Brinkley ,of stealing chickens from his premises. STHOSE FREE PASSES. Senator Tillmnan Speaks orcthe Halla haloo at Home. nA special to the State from Nr o folk says: - or ,In a letter to W. E. King, a Turk -ish bath manager in this city who e comes from South Carolina and who e wrote Senator Tillman that he would a not believe the latter accepted free -passes and franks unless he had veri r fication over the senator's signature. d Mr. Tillman avers the matter was a Republican move to direct attention s away from the manner he was push s ing Senator Burton in the race ques s tion debate. :Senator Tillman writes under date e o September 1, from Trenton S. C.: v "'All the hullabaloo which has .been kicked up recently had for a -foundation the fact that I lost a card case containing passes ov-er the g Chicago, Burlington and Quincy sys tem which I had never used I notified t the railroad so they coild protect -themselves from any imposters. My record in Washington will show whether or not the use of such cour tesies has influenced my actions or~ utterances. A man who can be ,bought with a pass can be bought .with money. My opinion is ttiat the great notoriety and publicity given to -the simple incident grew out of the -fact I was pushing Burton very hard ;. on the race qluestio~n and the Republi r can papers seized on this opportunity to create a diversion and it is notori ous that my enemies never let slip an s opportunity to abuse and misrepresent TMr Cotten 33>l Weevlf i rlill a 'i {ii;rM tirtilyfltit 1 .c l'cccetly 1);ays c %W offefed fo.r elief From tehe Mer'ican boll wtcvil pest. Cotton planter . alarmcd at the reap pearance of the insect. asked the mii isters for their t'id and the pastors re sponded, not only in the count ry towns and villages, but in th large. churches in the principal cit its in ine State. The Mexican boll wecvii. the most destructive enemy of the cottun crop that has ever appeared, crossed the Ilio Grande. a few years ago. and has now spread over the eastern quarter of Texas, reaching from thli coast line almost to the Arkansas border. In 1902, the damage inflicted by this insect on the cotton cron was esti mated at $10.000,000, and, in the natural order of events, the damage this year should be greater, the territory involved having greatly increased. What the extent of dam age will be, however, can not be es timated until the third annual genera tion of the insect appears in the next two or three weeks. The weevil mul tiplies about 1,000,000 times or more each generation, and Texas planters are now anxiously awaiting the coming third crop. The territory in Texas already cover ed is large, involving as great an area as is embraced in the boundries on one of the larger State of the Union. At last, the weevil has crossed the Texas boundary, and appeared in western Louisiana and in South Oklahoma, but the damage, this year, will not be great outside of Texas. The only case in which the weevils has made a long jump has been to New Orleans it hav ing appeared, in large numbers, at the State experimental station in Audubon park, _n the upper limit of New Orleans, a few weeks ago. It is esti mated that the third crop will spread until the entire cotton belt of Texas is enveloped, and Texas produced about one-fifth of the cotton crop of the country. , Cheap Rates on Southern. The Southern Railway will sell tickets for delegates and members of the following name meetings at rate of one and one-third fare on the Cer tificate Plan, for the Round trip, Atlanta, Ga. National Convention of Congregational Workers, Sept. 19 23, tickets on sale Sept. 16-21, final limit Sept. 26th, 1903. Charleston, S. C. United Daughters of the Confederacy, Nov. 11-14. tickets on sale Nov. 7-13, final limit Nov-18. Chattanooga, Tenn., Woman's Home Missionary Society of the M. E. Church. Oct. 28 Nov. 5, tickets on sale Oct. 24-30 final limit Nov. 9. Washington, D.C. National Associa tion of Retail Druggists. Oct. 5-8, tickets on sale Oct. 1-7, final limit Oct. 12. Washington, D. C. National Spirit ualist's Association, Oct, 20-23, tickets on sale Oct. 16-22, final limit Oct. 27. The Southern Railway will also sell Open Round Trip Excursion tickets to points named below: Baltimore, Md. Sovereign Grand Lodge, 1. 0. 0. F. Sept. 21-26, tickets on sale Sept. 18-20, final limit Sept. 28, 1903. One fare for round trip, plus $2. Greensboro. N. C. Reunion Non-Res ident North' Carolinians, Oct. 12-13. One first-class fare, plus $1.00, for round trip from points oeyonda radius of 300 miles of Greensboro. One first class fare, plus 25 cents. for round trip from points within radius of Greens boro: tickets on sa-e Oct. 9-10, within final' limit 15 days from date of sale: Trains scheduled to arrive 'inGreens boro before noon of Oct. 12th, with final limit 7 days from date of sale. New Orleans, La. American Economic Association and American Historical Association, Dec. 28, 'o3 Jan. 1. '04, tickets on sale Dec. 26-27, final limit Jan. 5, 1904. One first-class fare plus 2-5 cents. For full information apply to any agent, or to W. fi. TAYton, R. WV. HUNT, Ass. Gen. Pass. A gt., D~iv gass Agt., Atlanta. Charleston. MJovablIe Drop. Jn Djamonds. It has long been knova that dia monds, especially the clar known as "rose diamonds," are likely to explode If subjected only to what would seem a very ordinary degree of heat, such as strong rays from the sun, etc. It is now believed that th~e explosions are the result of the rapid expansion of certain volatile liqujds inclosed in cavi ties near the center of these precious stones. A great many diamonds, even though cut, mounted and worn as gems of perfection,- are still in an unfinished condition-that is, the liquid drop from which the stone is being formed has not as yet deposited- all of its "pure crystals of carbon." These movable dirops may occasionally be seen with the naked eye. When this Is the case, a strong mi croscope will give the drop the appear ance of a bubble in the fluid of a car penter's level. It is also highly prob able that besides the liquid mentioned these cavities may contain gases under great tension. This being the case, one may readily comprehend how a very small amount of heat would cause the liquid and gas to expand to such a degree that the diamond would give way with all the characteristics of a miniatur-e explosion. SomethinZ He Had Forgotten. "So you enjoyed your continental trip, did you?" inquired the simple old gentleman. "I haven't been over In fifty years. but my recollections are till vivid. I remember once standing on Mont Blane, watching the sun sink behind the blue wateis of the Mediter raneain. while to'-my right the noble Rhine r-ushed onward to the Black sea, and the Pyrenees. still holding the snows of winter, were on the left. I remember while standing there" "But, Mr. Grey." feebly interrupted his listener. "I was on Mont Blanc myself, and really--you'll excuse me but you really must be mistaken in your geography." "Mistaken?" returned the old man lightly. "-Not a bit of it. But I for gt; its differenIt now. You know, my dear boy, that sice my day the entire map of Europe has been changed by these awful wars, and so of course you can't appreciate what it was fifty years One More Victim. One of the negroes injured in the Fishing Greek wreck, Peter Miller died t Rtock Ihill Wednesday afternoon. The direct cause of death was a frac ure of the base of the skull. Ilis right leg was broken in two places. is left arm broken and his face and forehead lacerated besides the fractur d skull. Hie has received every atten tion possible.___ TIIE experiment of serving honey at a Sunday school picnic was tried re ently in Kansas. The bees in the eighborhood lear-ned of the affair ad th~e picnic disbanded a bit sudden ly. It is str-ange that the Kansas pa pers have refrained from speaking of he picnic as a swell affair. A x exchange says that Chicago man. ho gave his relatives $51.Oi.00t to see what they would do with it pro ably had another motive-to see that he relatives, instead of the lawyers fot it. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ THE~ Presbyterijan Standard says: 'The drink bill in South Carolina is little over two dollars per: capita. n the United States it is ten dollars per capita. One fact like that speaks ouder for the dispensary system. in pite of its abuses, than a thousand al egins of saloon newsnpaes. l~i hadi bee1 iia~l' a v'0o4%i} 3toria cause at ;s and the ctij':er i' turned their weather beaten f:aces to ward him with an expression of cheer ful credulity. "'Twas told me of a house setting pretty nigh the shore along halfway down the coast o' Maine," said Cap tain Mansfield. "I could show you the house if it came right. It has a cu rious lopsided portico on it. and one day I asked the man that lives there why it happened to be built that queer shape. "\ell.' says he. 'the talk is that the man who lived here first had a cousin that was ai architect up Boston way. and one time the feller was clown here in a terrible foggy spell, and he was figuring out to his cousin how he could build a little portico of such and such dimensions. measuring out into the fog with his rule, and so on. "'Twas In the late afternoon; he went off next day by train. ' The fog still held, and along in the morning the man that lived here happened to notice that the marks of the File out Into the fog were still plain, so as he couldn't go a-fishing he took some lum ber and built the foundations of this portico. That queer jog that makes it lopsided Is where the wind bore in on the fog, they say, and bent the rule marks in.' "-Youth's Companion. A Wedding In Holland. A Dutch wedding is a curious con trast to an English one. In Holland the wedding party enters the church two and two, the procession being headed by the bride and bridegroom. Forms are arranged in a semicircle round the pulpit, and there the young people with their friends and relatives seat themselves. The ceremony con sists of the reading of a portion of Scripture and a long admonition to the bride and bridegroom, delivered extem pore by the black gowned minister. The prayers are sat through like the rest of the service, for it is against Calvinistic custom to kneel to pray. At the close of the service Bibles are presented to the young couple and to certain of their relatives. Then the marriage is registered. This free dis tribution of Bibles. which is made by the state, accounts for the very small sale there is for the Holy Scriptures In Holland. Nuremberg. Nuremberg. whose walls are report ed to be showing signs of rapid decay, was once almost the richest and most famous town in Europe. The well known saying of Pope Pius 11.-that a Nuremberg citizen was better off than a Scottish king-was justified by the accounts that have been preserved of the town and its burghers. In the fifteenth century there came from Nuremberg the first watches known as "Nuremberg eggs;" the first cannon, the first gun lock, the first wire draw ing machine, the clarinet, certain de scriptions of pottery and the art of painting on glass. For 800 years its now decaying walls defended the val ley of the Pegnitz against all enemies. Four hundred towers once topped the walLs, but only .about a third of them now remain. The~ Millionaire Malady. Men who have sacrificed health and youth, scrimuped their families and in jured their digestion In the acquire ment of a "pile" often think they are public benefactors and that humanIty in general owes them a debt of grati tude for being so rich- In consequence they resent as cruel Injustice the fa tigue, chagrin and newspaper notoriety that money invariably brings In its trail. It would be about as consistent for a little boy who had gorged himself n purloined apples to feel injured when an avenging stomach ache fol lowed gluttony.-Eliot Gregory in Cen tury. - _ _ _ _ Our EccentriC Phrase. Why do we alway's talk of putting on a coat and vest? Who puts-on a coat before a vest?. We also say putting on shoes and stockings? Who puts on shoes before the stockings? We also put up signs telline people to wipe their feet wen we mean their boots or shoes. And a father tells a boy he will warm his jacket when he means to warm his pantaoons. We are a little eccentric in our phrases at times. The Quail In France. In France the quail is called the bird of prophecy, this f'rom an idea that the number of his calls foretells the price of wheat. If he calls twice without resting the farmer expects but 2 francs per bushel for his grain; If the bird calls four times he expects to realize twice the price whichi two calls insure. His Particular Line. "That new man of yours," said the proprietor of the store to the depart-, met manager, "seems to be a mighty hard worker." "Yes, replied the latter; "that is his specialty." "What-working?" "No- seeming to."-Syracuse Herald. -Sorry He Spokte. Husband-Do you know that every time a woman gets angry she adds a new wrinkle to her face? Wife-No. I did not; but If It is so I presume it is a wise provision of na ture to let the world know what sort of a husband a woman has. 'The Way With Bills. Husband-You must try to keep our bills down. Wife-I do. but they're always run ning up.-Baltimore American. Edgar. aged six, was recently sent to school for the first time, and upon his return home he asked. "Papa. who taught Adam the alphabet?" A Family Feud. A special from Selma Ala.. says George W. Coleman waylaid and shot to death D~avid A. Calvin. The kill ing occurred behind Calvin's house. After tiring two shots and as Calvin lay dying, Coleman, it is said. reload ed his gun and tired a third charge in to the prostrate man. Coleman sur rendered but refused to talk. The tragedy is said to be tihe outgrowth of an old family feud. Calvin was a ousin of Mrs. Coleman. Some time azo she left hecr husband and made 11r home with Calvin's family. Re ently her husband wanted her to sign a mortgage and give up the custody of their children. This she refused and Coleman, it is said, charged her rc fusal to the influence of Calvin. TUE COroner's jury whiCh inquired into the recent railroad disaster at ishing Creek, in York county, has found that the victims "came to their death in a train wreck on the South er railroad, at the aforesaid trestle., which trestle was in dangerous an d unsafe condition. tihe dangerous condi tion being due to gross carelessness on tileepat of the onticers of tile rail GOLD CANNON BALLS. Not long ag" an oid peIasantz was wanderin; in the jungle about half a mile from the city of Ahmadnager. in India. when he found a round ball of metal. It was black and looked like an old iron round shot. l)ut when the old man lifted it he w:s struck with its immense weight. Ile carried it home and found on scratching it that it was a lump of solid gold. It weighed eight pounds and its sale made the fiuder-rich for life. There are many more of these can non balls, each worth a small fortune, lying hid or buried in the recesses of this jungle. and their story is a curious one. At the end of the sixteenth cen tury Akbar. the greatest emperor Hin dusvan ever saw. was at the height of his glory. At the head of his con quering army he summoned Ahmad nager to surrender. The city and its rich treasure were then under the rule of the Princess Cande. Knowing that resistance could be but short, and in bitter rage against the oppressor, she caused all the treasure of gold and silver to be melted down. She cast the metal into cannon balls and en graved upon each maledictions against the conqueror. These were fired into the jungle and when Akbar entered the city, instead of the rich hoard he had hoped to win, he found a treasury absolutely empty. That this is not the only occasion upon which cannon balls of gold have been cast is proved by the fact that in the treasury of the shah of Persia there may be seen in the same room where stands the famous peacock throne two small globular projectiles of gold. They were estimated by a re cent visitor to weigh about thirty-one pounds each and are roughly made. Their origin or purpose is, however, totally forgotten. It Is only known that they are very old.-Chicago Chron icle. THE SHANK OF THE SHOE. what the Glazed, Metallic Marks Thereon Told the Broker. Half a score of clerks in, one of the largest brokerage houses in New York were astounded - one morning- when one by one they were called into their employer's private office and asked to hold up their feet and show the shanks of their shoes. They thought the "old, man" had gone quite mad. Each young man as he entered the office was told to sit down and put his foot up on a corner of the desk where it could be examined. Then 4he head of the house put on his glasses and very carefully scrutinized the shank of the shoe. When all had been put through this examination he called the entire force of clerks into his office and ex'plained to them why this unusual examination had been made. "Yon are well awar'e," said he "that I will not have a drinking man in my employ if I know it. For some time I have had good reasons for believing that several of the young men befdre me have been indulging quite too much. Now I know it. Here are the marks of the bar rail on the bottoms of your shoes." Several of the young, men braced themselves against the wall. and lifted their feet as a blacksmith lifts the foot of a horse. Sure enough, there were the glazed, metallic marks on the dry leather. They were the evidences- of guilt, and the young men's faces showed it. "It's unmistakable proof," said the head of the he'use. "You may fix up your breath at the drug store and the barber can clean up your eyes and face, but you neglect the shanks of your shoes." That afternoon three -young men cleaned out their desks and gave the keys to the managing clerk.-New York Herald. Care of Books. A lover of books will always take good care of them. He never holds the book by the corner of the cover, never turns down leaves, never lays the book down open, either with the face downward or on its back, and never breaks the binding by opening the book too forcibly. He turns tho leaves one by one, taking great care not to soil or tear them, and uses the volume gently. It makes no differ ence if the book be cheap or worn; he always handles it gently. Quite Impartial. Mrs. Hiram Offen-I underst~nd you to say you're a good, all round cook, but of course you must have some fa vorite dishes? Applicant-No. ma'am. They're all wan to me. Oi'm not the koind to be considerin' whether a dish is chape or expinsive whin Oi'm breakin' it Washington Post. Informing. "Who lives In that 'ig house on the corner, Dennis?" "The Widdy O'Malley, sor, who is dead." "Indeed! When did she die?" "If she had lived till next Sunda~y she would have been dead a year.u% Kansas City Journal. A Failure. "See here, young man!" said the :nin ister. '"You never paid me that fee for marrying you." "You're mighty lucky I haven't sued yop for damages."-London Tit-Bits. Still More Autocratic. Knicker-DIdn't he find it hard to re turn to civil life after commanding in the army ? Btocker-No, indeed. He got a posi tIon as janitor.-Smart Set. When a beautiful woman smiles some pocketbook is weeping.-Schoolmaster. Danger in Soda Bottles. Do you know that the siphon bottle ordinarly used for vichy, soda water and other effervescent drinks is usually charged with a pressure of from 120) tO 160 pounds to the square inch? The danger likely to result from an explo sion of one of these little household articles is b~y no means inconsiderable, and yet the average person handles a siphon as though it were the most harmful thing in the world. There are two or three things to remember in handling siphones. Never keep your siphones near the range, for the unusual heat is more likely than anything else to cause an explosion. Don't subject the bottles to any sudden change of temperature whatever. F'or instance, if you keep your siphons in the ice box--and that is the best and safest place for hem-don't grasp the glass part of the bottle with your warm hands, for the sudden change of temn perture is apt to cause an explosion. 'The best way to carry a siphon at all times is by the metal top at the head of the bottle. It is needless to say the greatest care should be taken not to drop a siphon. for an explosion is the inevitable result. When empty the siphon is, of course, quite harmless. That those bottles are considered a great source of danger is ev-idenced by the facts that the Courts invariably hold the ottlimertric-tlr liable for all| INVISIBLE LIGHT. 611 When it AtrUkes the te!Ls e the Ere cia it se seen, What is the simplest demonstfatofl of the fact that light is invisible? The blackness of a midnight sky demonstrates this fact most readily. We maiy see the planets of the moon brilliantly illuminated by the sun's rays, but the surrounding space is dark. although we know that light must be passing there. The passage of a beam of light through a darkened room is only visi ble on the dust in the air, and the cone of light seen when the sun shines through a small hole in a shutter is not visible, but only light reflected from the motes in the beam. This can be easily and simply demonstrated by placing in the beam a glass vessel from which the dust has been carefully removed. The beam then may be seen before and after entering the vessel,. but is invisible within. A Bunsen burner or a redhot poker held so as to destroy the motes will also render th beam invisible at that spot. Light is only visible when it strike on the retina of the eye, and it ca only do so when it reaches it in. a rect line or is turned by a reflection-r refraction into a direct line. Just as the bullets from- a gun do a man no harm unless aimed or turned in their course toward his body, so light is without effect unless it is aimed or turned toward the retina.-Pearson's Weekly. First Women on the English stage. It is only with the restoration drama that the annals of actresses on the English stage begin. Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles L, had early rmade a vain attempt to introduce the French fashion of female players into her adopted country by the establish ment of a French company composed only of women in London. But the ox-a periment was premature, and the for eigners were hissed and pelted off the stage at their first performance. Until 1660 the female parts had a ways been taken by boys, and the cus tom survived even after women - had taken their place upon the-stage, since some of the more famous of the boy actors (grown into men) continued-oc casionally to play their favorite- roles as late as the end of the seventeenth century. Kynaston, the chief boy actor, survived till 1699, long after the ladies had ousted him from the principal parts, and in 1661 Pepys, who saw him in the, "Silent Woman;".speaks of him as "the liveliest lady for a boy" he had ever seen. Advice. The best advice that can be given probably is: Take all the advice you can get and then do as you please.~The successful person, or the one whom the crowd counts successful, Is being con. stantly besieged with applications for advice how to succeed. He is generally incapable of giving. it. The same ad vice, outside of a few maxims gener ally applicable, is seldom good for two persons. Advice, as a rule, is cheap and about as valuable. as most cheap 'things. To be constantly following ad vtee withdut stopping to consider its source is the plain mark of weakness, It is this trait of weak human nature which makes the business of the pat ent medicine maker so profltable. The person of power is the one who neither gives nor takes, advice in generous quantities. The world would be better off'if advice were much less plentifuL? Then.,perhaps, its quality might rise In proportion to its scarcity.-New Lon. don Telegraph. -sleep. Sleep begins, in its first phase, by a state of distraction which brings on states of absent mindedness accompa. nied always by numerous and separate hallucinations closely,.connected ,with the length of the absent minded-states. Immediately afterward, in a second phase, these states of distraction pasic into a very delicate motor, disturbance, due to the absence of parallelism In - the axes of the eyes or by the devia tion of their conjugate movements. Then, in a third and final phase, which indicates the very near approach of - actual sleep, the vasomotor system seems to conform to laws very differ ent from those tht regulate-its mech anism during waking hours.-Reviie Scientifique. A Gentleman. *What is It to be a gentleman? Is it to have lofty aims, to lead a pure life, - to keep your honor virgin, to have the esteem of your fellowv citizens and the - jove of your fireside, to bear good for tune meekly, to suffer evil with con stancy, and through evil and good to maintain truth always? Show me the happy man whose life exhibits these qualities, and him we will salute as~ gentleman, whlatever his rank may be. Show, me the prince who possessest them( and he may be sure of our love and loyalty.-Thackeray.. Two Views of It. "What do you think of married life? asked the henpecked man, addressin~ the youthful bridegroom. "Bliss is no name for It," said the young husband enthusiastically. "You are right," said the heliper ked one gloomily. "Bliss is no name for it." Quite Capiable. "TIe's a remarkably frank man." "How so?" "Why, the heiress asked him if he was sure he could take care of her when lie proposed, and he said he was sure he could if be had her money to do it with."-Chicago Post. Working Well. The Querist-What do you think of the doctrine of the survival of the fit test? The Egotst-It Is all right so far. em still all'4>-Kansas City Journal. damages resulting from the explosion tf one of them if even the slightest defect in the manufacture of the bot tle can be shown. - Too Mlany Razors. A special to the Chronicle from Harmony Grove, Ga., says while the big excursion that went to Atlanta Wednesday was on its return trip, fighting began and near White Sul phur Springs Henry Deadwyler, of that place, got into a row and to escape razors that were drawn on him jumped from the train. His dead body was found Thursday morning by his brother. who went in search of - him. Mas. Valentine Tilton and Miss Eveline Perrin of New Hampton Iowa, are probably the oldest twins, in the country. They recently passed their K'nd birth day and are still in go health, mental and physical. They were born in Vernon. Conn. Tr REE generations of one family are' compositors in the oflice of The Tren ton. Mo.. Republicaln-Tribune. There are "Grandpa" Allen aged 65. his son, C. A. Allen, who is foreman, and lat trs son and daughter. Thomas and,