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F I n vIi VOL. IiJ kANN-NI N C-1 FAN IN) )N CO I NTY. S. C,~ WLI)NESDA v, J AN LA i VR~is.NO7 ilE- ST .\[- .ND 1UL~* -. wS n-v v~-rn.: ~ U5~i1 I i ( izt Ll_ DO01 A nit c xew i 11 Coll', io ConuIt., eanuary 1 . -C' - Butler has boen the conim ' oner of agriculture ei Sonth Caro a - his deparunent began i z n yeais ago. He is thoroughiy deot it and, of course, knows all iz, deil and shares all its n>iration . I of the conuasin uhie: n exists ;u the A lie mind as to tae annies, a: m sources oi the dearment, criticisms. 'ieh havz been iad3e pn its management, the News an:d 'orer Bureau has secured an interview with Commissioner Butler, enabling Lin to summarize the situation fr-m is stand point. -The fever of the "TiMloan mrve ment" has abat., and the pei I of the Ste 'oul 2eae toc scal and justly the vah-able w'rk oi the de partmeut, and give it the erlt to which' it is entitled. . Nearly a year Rill elapse before the Legislature can mnet agam, and in the meantime there is plenty of time for discussion and- no ecuse for "snap judgments" on any department of the State Government. To the onesti, 'low Las the De partmnt Of Agriculture b~een a. Let by the attacks upon it?" ColoL ' utier re plied" "In my opinon the dcparm lent is stronger to-day than -t au t-rm ince its estabisiment in 1 1. t ' wa ih-ut to the board and mys~lf~ some ti- L f-re the tirst arAicles ist :i de. rt ment appeared in the nhwpap -stht its work was not folly understuod by the: people, but we were at a 7', to know what more than had been done could be done pro 'Jl to show the important qutips of epatmet and -ow they had been discharged. We had suu--,tted annual reports of our work to the Legis lature at every session, and published, monthly reports during theyear, besides conducting an extensive correspondence; buf'we realized that sometaing more was . necessrvto enistthe enthusi.stic sur-, port of all tlue farmers in - - wor. *Well, while we wetre considrmg tue matter an article appeared whi-i bitter ly asailed the manogement. of the de partment, and~in su-c a- ma'r tatt at once attracted the attentioa our1 ' opeatd tuined their eves n wonwill see that this was eativ wh-t we wanted. It was the oppburtuihltythat wo desired, and you iUll r -m.-er that I handed you a reply to te criticism i within four hours afer the News- and Courier coataUlng tie ernean regened Columbia. Your readers are familiar -1-RAh the controversy'that foiel ed on my part I can Fay that it was conhdced without the lea-t perso-al bitt-rn-s, because in the Eirst pai-ce it wa.- exact init ted, an it secd p e I felt that tie result would be . vinca fon of the dep na i and 1, ak- i strbnger with thejIeQple, as it hs te" Why do you thLz that this has been thie result?" 'Well, von vid remember tha. cthe lrst criticisn appeared during the ses sion in November and December, 18-3 and while the controversy was at its: height and bitterness~ the member s of the bo.ard were unanimously re-electecd ad I was i-e-elected commisstoner. The con troversy, therefor,- ai'd not iessen the confidence of the -~ Lesture in the1 management of the department. At the sauie s'essioh the economm-~ cus, as it was ca1Id appointed a coc ittee to in vest at te department. . ecommint tee submnitt-d a report wmech completely i-efuted all the charges of e.xtravagance umimnagement, &e., tht Lud been - -made. The iighut w'as eoatinued aog jn the spring,:a31 among other chareesI iade was thag n regard to the mauur-1 tion and conduct of the phosphatelitiga-|I tion. The Farmecrs' Convention met and appointed a com~nittee to investigate the matter, and the result was a thorough vindication of the department by tis body of farmers. .So-me l(poge how ever, were not sat'uned, and. they con tinued the agtitation, gr-eatiy to the b(ene .fit of the department. The more t bey -said. the mocre the lo~Pu eg i - ested in the work, andt ia- tia y-ecm familiar with it, the morc ~e-in-os th~ey were that it should be sustain-d, You will remember alsothat 'when the agita -tion begity IS~i a S'enator introduce.d7 a bill1 to abolisinTho-departret. Bef-ore the session was over the bill wais killed en tihemotion of the Senetor wh-~o intro ducedit. and-he has recently dectlred in the public id-ints tha he nuid strenu ously oppose any reorganizatica o-f the tleprtmnent. T':ere ;s-:wsso 'ar a~s -J &i awary, ;no man- i * the --te who( Swould advocate the alr-- 'nion of the de 1 1 -partment. The public ar" famlia wit-z'h I the eiiorts made at th reen't sessn v reorganize the-department -ad the f the cause, bat I tin k -t a-r wa s du . tfo (Ihe fact thitt tIle Set-ate was .mti-ie with the m~anagemn-at of thes de.art. - and'believedl that the~ pas-~--e of th 'sould be consi..orc- an enreun the char'ges o: iaoeniel-ucy that ad bee made again9: the presen-t i' r~-d and so refused-' to pass it "Hiow do you" e-Jyhi thec larg vot that this oil receiv- in-~ ile- e? * "Easily enotigh. Wit a wex vers. Ine n-Vtm ----- Ing the '-" t agains t n ther new meier reason no obJ -et - ea measure- in the-a nda through, ingime e= "Is there 'n re~ -al a.jectic to i creasing the memb -rship of th-e boaird of agriculture:" - "Under oriraryr ciremuaanc-es I would say that there was not, but I con -fess that there appears to be' very litl to bergained by the chang. it miut increase the pIoplaty of 0he depap ment, and that is, ofd co-urse, si--s-raby, but as to read wor ...m.un.bl -to see why five men, with th i .terests of the State at heart, could not. manage this depar'tment just as well as ten. HowdJ 1vr i~ nsi atter foir the L. g.iature. to : and .1 do nlot care to S.y : t tLt w~ould alepar to be said :.the purpose of inDtaeneing the mem sofhstbodv." som sect'ions the Legislature has beeii criticised for not haviu 'turnedI this department over to the farmers.' What have Vo' to sav about that?" U i"Ulss I a verv mulh mistaken it is nw managed by the farmers. Gov 'r'i0 a . rdsu1'( , ( 1CI nl Dincan and Colo-l Lilycorb lave been farnirs all ,live, 'l veo. Chancellor John Son is one cf +he most C'tensivo and sue eessful faMrrs in the rich Pee Dce see U of! 1te State, althzough he is al a faver, and M r. 'er iry is a mr t a a aIC ters iii n a .lare m oit'y ni te !)om'1. I am hee univ oer Of theC k4 arte, ou.h . a 'iLmber of the loard, and arming is the ony occupatioti I have -ver followed. Taken altogether, then, :he department is pretty well under the 1 ontrol of farmers Ihere is another uatter that should not be overlooked in :his connection. Colonel Duncan repre ients the State Agricultural Society and aolonel Lipscomb the State Grange :hi& t wo largest agricultural organizations a the State-and if the faraers are no, ktiaed with their IInageme: t at any imne they can easily remove thean from he board." "What is the present condition of the leiartment?" .1l think it is one of the best ecuippeda iepai'tments in the United States, and ,apable of doing a great work for our )eople. Our fertilizer inspectors will tart Out in a few days to colleet samples all the fertilizers otlered for sale in h.e State, and the laboratory will- soon e in full blast turning out the analyses. [he laboratory is under the charge of a, horoughly competent chemist, and he 1 s prepared to do the oilcial work of theI] lvpartenent, and to make auvalyses of ' erilizers, minerals, ores, marls, waters, c., for our people, free of charge. We H myve invited the farmers to sel us sam >cs of tho fertilizers they bay, and we t tillbe glad to have every farmer in the itate-remember that we want the inita 2o accepted. "Dr. H. W Ravenel, the botanist of i he deprtment, is one of the most emi cn ct intists in the South. He will ia*e his department of great benefit to 4c farmers during the year. "Dr. Benjamin McInnes, Jr., the eterinary surgeon of the department, is oing a great deal of good by the exanai at in of dieased stock in various iarts fte State, and prescribing remedies K )r the prevenAioi and al atement o( iseases amouK stcek. The increased tereg bi stock raising and the large ] moint iv. sted in blooded stock in l outi Carolina make it of the highest iportance that every precaution should . e taken against the spread of contagi- t us disea'ses, and Dr. McInTi es will use c very efort to the accomplishment of a is end. "Mr. Grahtam, who has been detailed 11 ve flic United States signal service to, ianize and take charge of the Statet eatr serviee, under the department, "s ntered 1pon his work with entusi- I I:n, "nd. as vou have already published, as' etalisheLd about forty itat!ons that ] 0o reccive tie daily weather indica ns, and in a short while he -ll ha-e tations of obaerv:on at every county- i eat 'South Carolinn. It is Lot neces- t rv for mic to speak '9f the inany ad- ( amtagcs which the weather service will i1 ive to all claszes of our pee ple. Its It enefits are recognized and appreciated i verywhere. - 1 "MIr. E. L. Iloehe, the special assist- i ut, continues in charge of the phosphatee epartment, .and the splendid services heK as already rendered the State in getting!e curate returns of rock mined and se uring prompt payment of roy'alty duet he State is aample garantee that thise taortant interest will not be neglected-.;. ~'We are now makin'g arrangem-ents to nlarge the inotly report, and du~ring j he year it will contain, besides the usualj aatter relating to the work of the de- ' artmenit, regular co~itribiutions from I h chemist; the botanist, the -eterina an, the signal service obser er, statisti al statements and other matters of im rest to the farmers. We are daily dis-j, ributing hand-books and other publicajt ions to all parts of the eguntry and ing everything that we think will bet- 1 r advertise our resources and advant s. We now have on '" 'n Uie aicc I ight-si-: applica.ioas for carp, and it:t vil e .uire 1,~x0 tis to supidy the ap ie" ts. Th ese will be furnished fronm sur -pons' if the number there is uicent an if not we will obtain them ro the Govb~ernent ponds at Wash gton. " Te :.epxaranent will make an exhibit S. te Grange encampment at Spartan ,rg next su-mner, and in every wayi >os-ble encourage the formation o. grcultural cluois <md organizations. As on as practicale~ after the time pre rbed- by laiw hits expired thme board v'ill estab)lish thle tw'o expecrimtental sta ons roevided for- by the Legislature~ 'Tud we- excet to have thiem in active1 seratio as i btas.posile during the deyudrte charge of a comipe i'drctrad emplloyebs Th-- lb ard lso h w 'in regardto te collec- H ,oX infern"~ation reg-arding ag'ricut I~ c oldS, "to as to ibe. rr: :o -amit the repmt regardingi them' at the *~ s'sion ofI the Legtislature. Oa esr.i t o make inhe departmnt of the rreatet benletit to the. Iarmer, and we reO endeaOrig to keep themit informed *a .nine~td mt its work, in order to ee.re their cotrdial co-opieratiol'' b. i ee- as benbainu .1din Si -:nven te patie . 'u it( was nee . :oght hatit s ni.1e h i e in 0uc :: I: iy m::ae.. ihe Vn pare beong to 0n ld::aly, e orea t:el Ctom-~ S *nt, le: 'in that 10ti n proe authoi It is well known to the Cultivatoi readers that the farmers howl and com plain of cotton being only worth from seveu and a half to cight and seven ei"'th eents; they cunsider thieuselves broke and rune1 at those prices, when it is * blesng to thei anI the con try th.t it no hihe p'-e. ei y fV d ygit exr ne, L 1101-C' t he-e t ie Ia a n andh lead lidell it ecuatte osnd t. n in o rof exta - uIees an~d waste, and whei over-pro nuevo gluated thet iiiarkc and ctton eigein fprie, it found the l-rmet en bhbt, iye had to be paid yinoW-pra-ed totton .i the contrarya wlicn o ttun o Rvlow for a snc le- the I r- reulat aen allmars to o xtiriiva uetin glutd teo marke d o1itt :to. .O the cotay 1hncto oldlowfrserie y* rs th dfrm :rsa ruat~ed their an irs tosi circum Wtt L; it .foeh to ecno '1re lrvusti en e hey increased no-e money a& low-priced cotton thian hey did with high-prieed cotton. I have dways noticed that debts and accounts verc more promptly paid with low prieed cotton-why ? because when cot on was high, speculation and ext rava ance increased their indebtednes, a-d vhen low-priced were economical :and aving, and every dollar th-y got they Ipplied to their debts. This may seem strange theory, that low-pred cotton )enviits the firmers more t-a high riced cotton, but experieuce has shown tto be the case, and the rve.ons are ap arent; when speculation set iln value ecomes fictitious, and inlationi( go'"e on Lntil the bubble e.xpLIdeS 0 reactio brows all in ch-os aud di may *and a anic is the result, which b-.i abui it eneral loss and ruin. and rices basUd n such fictitious and fraudul'ut values aelt into poverty. Let us go back lifty ears, when everything was muh dear-er han it is now-"coffee 2 pounds to the Lollar, sugar five and six pounds to the tollar, iron ten cents a pound, axes two ollars and a half each, foar-quarter heeting thirty-seven and a half cents, nd calicoes, American. thirty -even und half cents, Englisi tifty cents per yaird. nd cottun s-.'ling at eigLt an ten ce'ts. ioing b:.Ck only to 1870 ogr factorie.: old plaids at ninetena eei's %- Yard. ast year, 186; they sold tam r six and one-fourth cnlts, and tle resen.t b toom, six and thr.e-fourtlh ents," and with cotton tt pries e advantages arc all in i'vor of the onsumers. But let the price of cotton dvance to twelve and lifteen cent-. v 'rything Clse would ran tp- .ifgh i >rice to the oroporti-n to the price of ot orj td pio- ision crops curtailed in ianting and cotton planting increased t the expectation of fiftee-n cents a ound, would place the farmers in a gorse condition than they are to-Un". ow values are in favo-f Lio iarmers. rovided :hey fareid as they should, by: a tssng their own food ~supplies in L1undance for man and beast, and cot-. n at six cents would P.17 thera well )r whole sy tenm of farming is wrong, ence there is such depression and hard imes with the farmers, and the error is a planting two muach cotton and two ittle provisions with most of the farmers o-day; their cotton crops are merely ex hanged for their food supplies, and un en such a system where can any pro ome in for the far r Way none, Lor 11 e laaesis consuned) in prov isions o sup~port life; all maide aboove. frar onsumaptioni should beL a clenr w rt, ud if we farmed in ti' t --y. he lo rice of~ cot wouild uot afect us, andt eep an eye to your er-b'iaxd L.aa.. ad moke-houces, th..t ih&y arc tilled from oar own nelds; also hebp an - eye to our little t-tdek pattches, and to your arden and poultrv haouse. and also to' 'our dairv. and wnien that is done, you ill never uear of hard times on a farm hus managed; the hard times and _gin touses go together; all eetLr. aii -1 read and :tcat the rouble; elothing 2 all kinds is ch'eap; U't when you trike the groers and prkovio de-alers, here the ruinous expens~ s come mn cichm make farming unpiroiltakl. Cave Spring, Cia. )octor,- andi Lawy'ers 1tiru-n the- -Iei' r?' the it4pe- and 1- &e- 'loa.zi. The bocett of MIedical J urispruden~ce .nd State 31edicine held its monthly aetng last wee~k, with Aimos (l. Ilual .s presiding o~leer. Ther-e was an ani aated diseasssion on the gues.tion, "How shall the D~eath Penalty be In?icted?'' L'he presiding oilieer ai that he was ot so much oppissed to the pi-esent sys em of capital p'uim'-ent as lie was to dlowin:. rep resenhttives i1 ine press to iie irt'e'ent and1 pub'lih th d' etails of the ress-H lw' foI 1 y r.-ri Ih rer ' a 'p' to the *omi-2ttee ap) ointed by the Legislaiture to report upon ione systemn of capital puninhn. Hie a-sidered hanging the most barbarous td inhuman methodV of iunishmient low in existe-nce. The' "Pillo ?hi'ee boughtithlNt i nsi um*nt for ind'iet ag the deatu 1penalt4y His opinionlii ws xocurred in by Drs. Quimbyv and J. C. L'etrs, wtho were bot opposed to hamng he 'dicuse byo'>i)l E.t H. en and W.~ . se, re thatntie three~ kalto shion.ld !>r.b ehia. Ile ro y: sr een li th ayr. ers hsuetingI thatithe pineion.c eahy m.tbileven at wen~ be otaondib eratel toe the lie ifantre Thso faorabluni sei too heye have tat tbhea pree a s should naotbe cheged.i Ta he eeg were clobogdby aDr Peer sugges:ting tha tes pinnofe.c mebuo theesd soci beizad outa wyd-andtt tandg makifDurrota wher aitrssadtete TiEF SORT OF W I'IlI TI 'AVI INSlE~l L i 1 eunn SeI ie Thi'e T l , How Peopl laist Where the Therumometer is- Ei;:ht3 De-rrees o' low .ero--Siberiav Exiles. Lieutenant W. H. Sehcutze of the iavy, vho was sent to the Lena Delta ii: Northwestern Sileria to deliver to thc natives gifts from the goverinment of thc Uniie at "'es to repay them for the aid thier rendelred him iii his search for the mlsslu.; members of the Jeannette party, sas in his report that the town of Xeroyansk, Siberia, is the coldest in hted spot in the world. The ther mometer at at *; below zero when he was there. and he says it seldom goes above e.3 below. I asked him the other day what thle people did who lived at this bli.sful s'ot, what they had to eat and ho th--. liked it. rp.iedhu, "they think it is a pre.&: goo su of im. ate. 'Home., w is the song all the world o 1e ad if the Veroyanskers should )ic :r 1' er would wonder what peo pie v v.here i s so infernally hot. They wod smother in this elimate and pineior a stilff northwesterly Arctic gale. .t s wondierful the amount of cold hnman :!h ican endure. The natives of 1irr '.'l Fiego go stark naked the year r , and in their country it fre-zes evcry night. It is much colder ;n the Le'a Delta, yet the people man age to keep comfortable, and more die t smuallpox and seurvy than from the et ets of the intense cold. You seldom hear of any onite freezing to death, and tlien it i. thse enly Who expose them selves impriuldently who die in that way. More peoplei are frozen to death in the Uiited States than in Siberia." "unt how do they manage to keep in the tirst piace the Yakuts are an cndutring race, and are born in that climate. Then they dress in furs, and hae larned from their ancestors or from their own experience how to keep warm. Their houses are built of logs. sne-ared over on the outside and anside with manure and mui. La each cab is a lar-e hieplace. which is used for bothi eatig an cooking. There seldom' more than one room in these Ca 'in, arnd ua the owner's cattle, if hu hasn, oNcupy one end of the room inhiche lives, being tied, or pre v'tee from traimapling on the babies by bar. The houses are commonly very, c-ufmortale, but are awfully dirty, and smell -here is no word to describe it. Oftn, Iuntil I got used to it, I wo.' rather ie down in the qnow eatsido, v.-ieh the tiiermoni-ter 3u ielow zero, than Sl _'L U .4i t hes huts. But you've no idea what u man can stand when he has to." "Have they windows in their houses?" "Ycs-; ice vindows. They use ic:' b; We use glas. A cle-r pISei .selected ao1ut i: si Lnes thick, iortised :n the windew opening in blocks two feit, and otims as large as four feet square, and with water S made solid. The water is, as good as putty. When ;he widow becomes dirty they scrape it olf wit.h a knife, and whme'n it has been siCraped thin, they substitute a new pane." "Doesn't the window ever melt?" "Bless you, no; it is freezing cold thai far from the fire. If the :ozjm eyer got! warm enouovh t. ntelt ihe ice the Yakut eou'ldn't live in it, and would have to go out doors to cool ol!. At night the tire is allowed to go out, as they have t economize in fuel. A11 thee tnave is driftwo *d. gratheged on the banks of the Lea-a River in the summer time." "Howu do they sleep?' Do they undres when they go is bed?'' Qanways. They strip to their shirt, which are made of a thick sort of Rus sianu cloth as5 hcavy as our canvas. The men andt women wear the same kind of garments, and never have more than one at a time. I took up a lot of thick Bar. nel for them, enough to last thi rest of their lives. nd it ill be a~ great deal :ta'e co:fortable than the native stuff, :lthoug~h th'ey don't likeit atth-st. When they mi'dr;:.they. get into bunks built in ifne side of thme house-sometimes a man. is wif and alis childrenm in the san bunk. Ti hey haiv e rcindiet:" shins une ad over t0 ". ..d cur-ains of the~" 'mm Li teore the bunks. The rnst manm or' wo'man' to 'udress haings all thze clothing of the res't outdoors ov'er. pole that is kept for the purpose.' "To freeze .the. flce They couldn't~ live if they didn't do it, and it hiar Lie conme a national custom. The lice get into the for, "ni thait is lhe only way to get them out. By hanging their clothes over the pole every night they can keep: reasonably free from themd, but the fur tis up aroain the next d. "Do they ever bather' "Never ~in thir lis; they haven't' 'any word foi biathing" in their langiuage', and th impiilit of 0 kei nlg emea i. oine of the g'reatest 'mr is e '1ric 'ife" "What o th y ea it?' ~ hu cows, queer-looking amnials, about hal as large as ou'r, with a hun"wek on thir backs like. 'naml-ih, bread m o'ea b 1c ry e four, tea and an im por'ted food made oft chopped beef rolled imto baills about the size "f Lii arle, and covered wit a dough. These. they pound "ly'and make? 'int soup. Then there. is a wood I t is very 'nutiiort whe iu i' griund iu and hal ld Mie wih rende me' ii.m nlto' mae a. gd .Iun Th v ''teu eat terus rw.h na~ie, art : arl if h- i nte road, eats the n-u n iiha1'ving., as tin as our r ' pa'tale and I ham lfied for days :n a the on thm wi~Tth er'p of tea made over 0n ato 'o l knu by wayv of varietv. Th' greatest luxury they have ibutter, au-l he'' will eat it by the pon * our pepl eat coinfectioneryu. Spoor sor't ut buittir is made frm the mik oft the ntive cow~. that looks ad "Th amuntof u.ttrn'u'ativ' will cat vihe hei~ e sge imt'ontuAd h ~ieutnt rceutzin mis~m atonishing o. A man who ate thirty-six p, ooUs m' day, and thin didn't get all he wned. They have a way of pounding up a red berry and mixing it with butter, which gives it a lieautiful pink tint and im proves the flavor. Their drink is the Russian Todka, almost pure alcohol and they will trade their shirts for it. The liquor is scarce and expensive, so they are necessarily a temperate people. "How do the political exiles ive, ad how many are in the country?" "great man-severa in every st tlemnt. When ani xile is nithe country the Governor deteri eres w he shall reside, and rcquires h i to re port his wherabunts at friiuent inter vals. They live as the a d , re ceive so much a year frol the ov rn ment for their 'support, ad work at their trades if they have ther, and if Othey haven't get such jobs as they can In other provinces the exiles work in the mines. At Verovansk I saw an exile, who had been a hlwyer and judge in Russia, doing carpenter work, and all the tool he had was an ax. I took up some presents for several exiles, who had been of service to the Jeannette party, but had to obtain the permission of the Governor before I could deliver them. in every settlement are local oflicials, who look after tLee itnafortu nate Po)ple." -How can a man endure the intcnse cold when the wind blows" "It is, of Course, necessary to keep the body protected and as much of the face as possible with furs, and even then it is common to freeze the extremities, but if a man knows how to take care of himself he will not suirer. My face and hands were frozen a number of times. If I had gone to the lire to warm the skin would have cracked open and given me much trouble; but by rubbiing the frozen place with snow, and getting It thawed out by friction and gradual heat, I never had any troulble." P'ena Danutoxa. AIOUT IATENTS. XIow the Office i. Maia:Zed IanId Whence - Inven tion Comle. (From the N Y'rk H:-.'d.) In the matter of ingenuity the Ameri- o can people lead the word. More appli cations for patents are received and more pztects granted at the Patent Olice in this city than in any other two countries I of Europe. Great Britain comes next on the list, France third and Germany foarth. It was not until Isht; that the Patent Olice was organized as a separate bureau with a commissioner and suital assistants for the proper discharge of itS duties. It is rather a singular fact that during that year only one for a i)atent was illed. TL. nxt Vear the number inesd to 101. The i creas;e has steadily grown until in 1800 21,7,7 applicationswere illed. The while number of patents granted since 166 is in round numbers, 3,000. The appli eations for patents are regarded as good index of the general business pros perity of the country. When imes are, (lull inventol realize that capital is slow to risk the success of their experiMeUnts. On the other hand when niAy is pieuti fil it is a poor inve-ntor who canIAt fiud some one who is willing, at lcast, to pay t the legal expenses necessary to thi taking out of his patent. It may bec said, en passant, if this theory of the patent oil'ee oilicials holds good, tIat the country was never i a more pro perous condition, inasmch as the mun ber of applicatic-:: ior lSf; excceded by sevepl tnousaiid those of any preceding ye a. More patents have been granted to thec citizens of New York than to those of any other State. This is owmng probably to her la4-ger popuation. Upon this I hypcathesis Pennsylvania takes the see end plac3, and according to the same reasoning Illinois or Ohio sitould come next, but the truth is chat 31assehusetts holds the third place, with Illinois fourth and Ohio fifth. The character of the application usually denotes the locality from which it proceeds. For e':ampe, applications showing the i::sentor to .be a man of high scientiflc education mam ly come from New Tork, M'ssachusets or Connecticut. Improvenanuts in cot ton and sugar machinery are the work almost entirely of Southern inventors The development of inventive genius in the South has been remarkable durmgr1 the past decade. This is especially so in Georgia and Texas, the two most progres'si'e Stases south ot :Iiason d iixon's line. The applications frlim the South. as recently as 1s2h, were omy v fraction of those l iied fromi the North About I.G a change was noted, and the increase since then has been relatvely as great as that of the 2{:rthern States. The Endu oif a Desperado, Craig Tolli v, the wors t desperado i Kentucky, was tound dead in a llh in llowan county W\ednetsday. He was the leader of the Tollivar ia't'ion, which has kept up a continual wairfare with the1 M1artin faction in the vicinity of 3Ior head for the last two year5. The troubile 1 began when .To 31ar tin miurd red Flo'.a Toivar a MIurehead. Craig Tal is ar heard oif thei murder act his home, and rode twenty-seven mniei _w hours, hop:ing to avenge * erune. :3Iartin was taken to WVinceste~r fo "afe keeping. A i,-w week~s lItr two 0mLn htiring to be guards presente t o th jailer a forged order purporting to come rom a Rowan county magitrate 1: tin was turn~ed over to them. Onte wa' bacn to MIorehead the train wa boarded by four maiskel men, ..nd 31.. tin wa s taken fron tibe guards a r'idad the crime conhl not be fas-td nh . it has co 'ni.dee ie.Ade me~ nvi.ave ben sh down in P1 Cid':, on either side.I The taetr sh Thle killing' ei To'lhs ar~ wil proba y the troule. lle was killed by somie his enemies. The belled busnrar that ita,, oee spoken of in the South ryerwa shot the other day by .i. C. Cringvtu. Tunis county, Texas. The ll was wll tonied, of b rass, and about two anm hi inches across the base. Itwas hung : the bird byV ai coprwiti arn skin bieing preteelied tO~ um :n bundan m of down. The figures 15T were scratcd ea 5. .ozs contemplates starting clain wvrks at Wheeling, West Virginia. There is talk of a wire factory being sLartcd at Chattanooga, Tenn. Tt is stated that a smoking tobacco factory will be started at Chase City, Virginia. A corapany is being formed at Calera, Albania, it is said, to manufacture wa "1enwa r. A '0ve fonAy is reported to be built 0tDcm, Alabjama, soon1. At Cnipeper, Va.. a carriage factory is to e erctld. rici -oid mine has been discovered near the Neuces Canyon, Uvalde county, Texas. A St. Louis firm are making arrange ments for a pipe foundry at Chattanoo ga, Tenn. A canning factory is about to be estab lished at Amite, La. A wagon factory is being erected at Homeland, Fla., by J. D. Crum. A stock company will soon be organ ized at Jacksonville, Fia., to manufac ture moss. Near Caiera, Ala., slate has been dis overetd and will soon be developed. A stek company is to be organized at Dirmiinghain, Ala., to ptart a tannery, At Eiireka Springs, Ark., a zine mine aas been developed. A saw and phning mill, also a box actory, have been erected at Van Buren, irkansas. Negotiations are about being entered nto for erecting water works at Pine lhif, Ark. It is probable that a stock company Vill be organized at Roanoke, Va., soon o esbt I dish a basic steel plant. The TIompson Brick Company, capi al stock S2,0,0i, has been organized at 3irmainghiam. Ala. The Lurav Ca.-e and Hotel Company, Luray, Va., -outemplate spending about >I,000 in enlarging their hotel. A z;100,000 stock company is being >rgaiized at Birmingham, Ala., to estab ish a large carriage and wagon factory. The Biloxi. .rtesian Ice Manufacturing :ompany, capital stock 814,000, has ieen organized at Biloxi, Miss. The Alabama Marble Company, capi l Stock 8100,000, has been organized .t 'rce, Ala., with W. J. Kercachan Sresi'dent. ' .1 I,0% stockr comany has been 'ranized at Shelbyville, Ten., to im- I rove laud at St. Andrew's Bay, Fla. . co"my'luo. is being formed at Fort o th, Texis, to manifacture iron and ooden bridges, with $100,000 Capitali tock. There is soon to be constructed in the oft canl rmeions of southwestern Vir ii several new coke ovens and new uxnaces are to be built. At Pilot Point, Texas, a stock com any is about to be formed to erect a event v-Iive barrel roller flour mill. At Gainsville, Fla., a site for a murni are and wagon factory has been pur based and buildings are soon to be I reeted, auatr T t anufactory of yellow e hunbir is in Lincoln, Miss., and lie huniber business in that locality is n the boom. Last month there were 3.000,000 feet I f lumber shipped from Jacksonville, lorita. More than half of it went broad. The foundry at Calera, Ala., is sup lying the castings for the alcohol char oal phauts being erected at Decatur, dia., and Goorich, Tenn. At Camden, Ala., S. D. Block pro oses to crect a factory for the manu aesure of cottcon rope and woolen yarn. At Lirmaingh~am, Ala., the Edison ieetrie liunmating Company has been Lcorporated with a capital stock of Capital stock to the amount of 8100, 00U has been subscribed to establish an xc and tool company at Birmingham, dabama. The. Elkvon Land Company of Birm ogamai Aa. has declared dividends of i- e et. of its capital during IDe e.er and '-1 per cent. dm-ing 1880I, An extensiv"e porcelain factory is now no opert in New Orleans. La., under, he lunervison of skied workmen from* .e ieat'ries of France. The work s ane as any done abroad. A comp~any has been formed by a 'umber 01 capitalists of New Orleans, iith a capital of 85i0,000, to establish a actory for canning beef. .The factory ill obe located in the parish of St. At Dirmingnrham, Ala., a company was 'c'rpor ated, with a capital stock of U5,00 toianufacture bridges, bolts, uts ec. Works are 'soon to be built li wl gv emph1)lyment to one hun red ''nd 0lt hands. TheAmeia fibre Company will oin bc orgatni.zed in New Orleans, with .aptsckof 8:250,i00. It i~s con emniatied by this company to establish . onpe facoi-y and paper mill1 in connlec ion w~ith the decorticating machinery. Durng the past maonth arrangements were concluded b'y capitalists from the orh with local mamnifactiurers, to erect t hattaooga a large drop forging lant the largest ever erected in the ,outh, the co't of which will be813,0,00. 't cinfl, Alai., the Shellield Pipe .d.Nail j::pany ha~s been or'ganized, asworks for the purpose ofl en n wrnia t iron piping, e br r tice oiron an'd steel. . 'ma uin ala mproviuig Company ll e irpr) e ina sho'rt time at ubes ..,~w...th' a capital of $1,00i0,000. ) 10,0 as well as a bak witha Ti litas edition ot the THeppner )'i'fgo < ai/,te wa.s ist yerritedl in itcl .1bakadwht-n h -ared' b'y thie. d'evl gettig on too muuchi Sand failing to outlicientliy agitate his A TALK ABOUT INDLINS. AN INTERVIEW WITH COL. ARTHUR GRABOUSKI. The Indians and their Future-Interesting Facts Conceruin; their Education and their Progress. (From the Augusta Chronicle.) Colonel Arthur Grabouski was in Au gusta yesterday and, the Chronicle re porter failing to cateh him on the wing, drove out to the stately mansion of Mrs. James Gardiner. The reporter was ushered into the parlors at the hospitable mansion, but was not allowed to remain there but a few seconds before he was ushered into the sitting room, where Colonel Grabouski was seated before a comfortable fire. The Colonel has a distinguished as well as a classical appearance, and the cordial greeting extended the Chronicle representative, when he informed the Colonel of his mission, immediately stamped him as a man of excellent judg ment. He was willing to give the people any information that he might possess that would be of interest to them. The reporter thereupon said: "Colonel, knowing that you had some trouble in Kansas and that charges were made against you, will you kindly tell me about it and also something about the Indians?" "The difficulty I Lad was simply the objection of the people of Kanss to an outsider taking charge of what they con sider a home institution. In addition thereto there is considerable feeling still existing there in regard to the war. These char6s against me were so con tinual that three or four times the de partment sent investigation committees all of whom were perfectly satisfied that there was no cruelty, and that everything was managed satisfactorily." "Has the feeling died out?" "It was only amongst a few and has entirely died out. As an evidence of which there was tendered on my leaving a joint banquet with ex-Governor Charles Robinson, given by at least gne hundred ind fifty of the leading citizens, at which banquet I received a handsome souvenir. Whilst greatly interested in the work of educating the Indians the duties were exceedingly onerous, and having an ap pointment offered in the Department of the Bureau of Labors-the distributing > products which would make my field f labor in Georgia, Alabama, Missis sippi and Louisina-I accepted it." THE WORK AMONG THE NINDANs. "The people would like to knowsome hing of your work among the Indians; will you kindly enlighten them?" "Aaskell Institute is one of the United States Indian industrial schools, having 3uring my administration three hundred. pupils, one-third of whom were females, ranging in age from 12 to 30 years, re iding at the institution provided with -verything by the government. The >bject of the institution is to let indus rialtrininggo hand in hand with the English language and the fundamental principles of an education. Among the rades taught are blacksmithing, carpen ering, shoemaking, farming, tailoring, Ae." "How do they take to education?" "They are intelligent when aroused, ind they make remarkable progress in the English language. They make them elves understood and their shop work is of value in a short time." "After being in the institution any tength of time do they retain their treacherous nature?" "Their nature is suspicious, not treach arous. After they give confidence and fledience for once it is for good. I do not recollect a single instance in which aan or woman went back on a promise given the superintendent." "'What do you consider the main lever En the education of the Indians?" "Undoubtedly the effect of Christiani ty upon the morals and lives of there people. This opinion is shared in both by the President and the Secretary of be Interior." "What becomes of these Indians after Iishing their education?" "Some of them return to their people md become instructors in what are called igency schools, others become govern :ent employes at agencies. The majori :y, however, form what is known as the aew Indian element, they are the freight rs and small farmers of the agencies, mud are the ones who are now askn listribution of Indian lands in severst." "Have you ever visited the Inda gencies?" "I have visited a number of them, met :he chief men in council and went in a aumber of their camps from tent to ent." "Having been among them, what is your opinion upon the solution of this :roublesome problem?" "The middle aged Indian, man or woman, will have to pass to their grave out little improved, as they seem unsus eptible of improving. The hope of the [ndian race lies in those under twenty ive years of age. Instances are not un ~ommon where older Indians take steps :oward civilization in breaking grounds ~or farms, but these are exceptions. [ecognizing this the Government directs ts attention to the young men and women of the different tribes, and will mdoubtedly solve the question by the radual extinction of the old Indian and :he budding citizenship of the young [Edians-" A St. Paul young man was surprised md shocked the other day. He was walking behind a well known lady of .at city whenm a ragged little boy asked for live'eents to buy a loaf of bread with. Shie gave it to him. Timen he ran away, out around the block, and soon met her gain and told the same tale. Then the oung man heard her say, "I gave you Ehe other niekel to buy a loaf of bread. I now give you five cents in admiration : your gigantic gall." The lady moves in "'the highest circles of St. Paul socie ty," and that's the reason her remarks mrprised the listener. Somne unknown incendiary attempted tco. re the hous~e of Mr. Curry, of Laurens eon Suniday night. Ilappily mne effort ie. or a large part of the town would w:e beeni destroyed, as~ Mr. Curry's hiouse Sof wood. anu joining t and in the imme late neigh borhood are many of the same