The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, January 26, 1887, Image 1
F I n vIi
VOL. IiJ kANN-NI N C-1 FAN IN) )N CO I NTY. S. C,~ WLI)NESDA v, J AN LA i VR~is.NO7
ilE- ST .\[- .ND 1UL~* -.
wS n-v v~-rn.: ~ U5~i1 I i
( izt Ll_ DO01
A nit c xew i 11 Coll', io
ConuIt., eanuary 1 . -C' -
Butler has boen the conim ' oner of
agriculture ei Sonth Caro a -
his deparunent began i z n
yeais ago. He is thoroughiy deot
it and, of course, knows all iz, deil
and shares all its n>iration . I
of the conuasin uhie: n exists ;u the A
lie mind as to tae annies, a: m
sources oi the dearment,
criticisms. 'ieh havz been iad3e pn
its management, the News an:d 'orer
Bureau has secured an interview with
Commissioner Butler, enabling Lin to
summarize the situation fr-m is stand
point. -The fever of the "TiMloan mrve
ment" has abat., and the pei I of the
Ste 'oul 2eae toc scal
and justly the vah-able w'rk oi the de
partmeut, and give it the erlt to which'
it is entitled. . Nearly a year Rill elapse
before the Legislature can mnet agam,
and in the meantime there is plenty of
time for discussion and- no ecuse for
"snap judgments" on any department of
the State Government.
To the onesti, 'low Las the De
partmnt Of Agriculture b~een a. Let by
the attacks upon it?" ColoL ' utier re
plied"
"In my opinon the dcparm lent is
stronger to-day than -t au t-rm ince
its estabisiment in 1 1. t ' wa ih-ut
to the board and mys~lf~ some ti- L
f-re the tirst arAicles ist :i de. rt
ment appeared in the nhwpap -stht its
work was not folly understuod by the:
people, but we were at a 7', to know
what more than had been done could be
done pro 'Jl to show the important
qutips of epatmet and -ow they
had been discharged. We had suu--,tted
annual reports of our work to the Legis
lature at every session, and published,
monthly reports during theyear, besides
conducting an extensive correspondence;
buf'we realized that sometaing more was .
necessrvto enistthe enthusi.stic sur-,
port of all tlue farmers in - - wor.
*Well, while we wetre considrmg tue
matter an article appeared whi-i bitter
ly asailed the manogement. of the de
partment, and~in su-c a- ma'r tatt
at once attracted the attentioa our1
' opeatd tuined their eves n
wonwill see that this was eativ wh-t
we wanted. It was the oppburtuihltythat
wo desired, and you iUll r -m.-er that
I handed you a reply to te criticism i
within four hours afer the News- and
Courier coataUlng tie ernean regened
Columbia. Your readers are familiar
-1-RAh the controversy'that foiel ed on
my part I can Fay that it was conhdced
without the lea-t perso-al bitt-rn-s,
because in the Eirst pai-ce it wa.- exact
init ted, an it secd p e
I felt that tie result would be . vinca
fon of the dep na i and 1, ak- i
strbnger with thejIeQple, as it hs te"
Why do you thLz that this has been
thie result?"
'Well, von vid remember tha. cthe
lrst criticisn appeared during the ses
sion in November and December, 18-3
and while the controversy was at its:
height and bitterness~ the member s of the
bo.ard were unanimously re-electecd ad I
was i-e-elected commisstoner. The con
troversy, therefor,- ai'd not iessen the
confidence of the -~ Lesture in the1
management of the department. At the
sauie s'essioh the economm-~ cus, as it
was ca1Id appointed a coc ittee to in
vest at te department. . ecommint
tee submnitt-d a report wmech completely
i-efuted all the charges of e.xtravagance
umimnagement, &e., tht Lud been
- -made. The iighut w'as eoatinued aog
jn the spring,:a31 among other chareesI
iade was thag n regard to the mauur-1
tion and conduct of the phosphatelitiga-|I
tion. The Farmecrs' Convention met and
appointed a com~nittee to investigate the
matter, and the result was a thorough
vindication of the department by tis
body of farmers. .So-me l(poge how
ever, were not sat'uned, and. they con
tinued the agtitation, gr-eatiy to the b(ene
.fit of the department. The more t bey
-said. the mocre the lo~Pu eg i -
ested in the work, andt ia- tia y-ecm
familiar with it, the morc ~e-in-os th~ey
were that it should be sustain-d, You
will remember alsothat 'when the agita
-tion begity IS~i a S'enator introduce.d7
a bill1 to abolisinTho-departret. Bef-ore
the session was over the bill wais killed
en tihemotion of the Senetor wh-~o intro
ducedit. and-he has recently dectlred in
the public id-ints tha he nuid strenu
ously oppose any reorganizatica o-f the
tleprtmnent. T':ere ;s-:wsso 'ar a~s -J
&i awary, ;no man- i * the --te who(
Swould advocate the alr-- 'nion of the de 1 1
-partment. The public ar" famlia wit-z'h I
the eiiorts made at th reen't sessn v
reorganize the-department -ad the f
the cause, bat I tin k -t a-r wa s du
. tfo (Ihe fact thitt tIle Set-ate was .mti-ie
with the m~anagemn-at of thes de.art. -
and'believedl that the~ pas-~--e of th
'sould be consi..orc- an enreun
the char'ges o: iaoeniel-ucy that ad bee
made again9: the presen-t i' r~-d and so
refused-' to pass it
"Hiow do you" e-Jyhi thec larg vot
that this oil receiv- in-~ ile- e?
* "Easily enotigh. Wit a wex
vers. Ine n-Vtm -----
Ing the '-" t agains t n
ther new meier
reason no obJ -et - ea
measure- in the-a nda
through, ingime e=
"Is there 'n re~ -al a.jectic to i
creasing the memb -rship of th-e boaird of
agriculture:" -
"Under oriraryr ciremuaanc-es I
would say that there was not, but I con
-fess that there appears to be' very litl
to bergained by the chang. it miut
increase the pIoplaty of 0he depap
ment, and that is, ofd co-urse, si--s-raby,
but as to read wor ...m.un.bl -to see
why five men, with th i .terests of the
State at heart, could not. manage this
depar'tment just as well as ten. HowdJ
1vr i~ nsi atter foir the L. g.iature.
to : and .1 do nlot care to S.y
: t tLt w~ould alepar to be said
:.the purpose of inDtaeneing the mem
sofhstbodv."
som sect'ions the Legislature has
beeii criticised for not haviu 'turnedI
this department over to the farmers.'
What have Vo' to sav about that?"
U i"Ulss I a verv mulh mistaken it
is nw managed by the farmers. Gov
'r'i0 a . rdsu1'( , ( 1CI nl Dincan and
Colo-l Lilycorb lave been farnirs all
,live, 'l veo. Chancellor John
Son is one cf +he most C'tensivo and sue
eessful faMrrs in the rich Pee Dce see
U of! 1te State, althzough he is al a
faver, and M r. 'er iry is a mr
t a a aIC ters iii
n a .lare m oit'y ni te !)om'1. I am
hee univ oer Of theC k4 arte,
ou.h . a 'iLmber of the loard, and
arming is the ony occupatioti I have
-ver followed. Taken altogether, then,
:he department is pretty well under the 1
ontrol of farmers Ihere is another
uatter that should not be overlooked in
:his connection. Colonel Duncan repre
ients the State Agricultural Society and
aolonel Lipscomb the State Grange
:hi& t wo largest agricultural organizations
a the State-and if the faraers are no,
ktiaed with their IInageme: t at any
imne they can easily remove thean from
he board."
"What is the present condition of the
leiartment?"
.1l think it is one of the best ecuippeda
iepai'tments in the United States, and
,apable of doing a great work for our
)eople. Our fertilizer inspectors will
tart Out in a few days to colleet samples
all the fertilizers otlered for sale in
h.e State, and the laboratory will- soon
e in full blast turning out the analyses.
[he laboratory is under the charge of a,
horoughly competent chemist, and he 1
s prepared to do the oilcial work of theI]
lvpartenent, and to make auvalyses of '
erilizers, minerals, ores, marls, waters,
c., for our people, free of charge. We H
myve invited the farmers to sel us sam
>cs of tho fertilizers they bay, and we t
tillbe glad to have every farmer in the
itate-remember that we want the inita
2o accepted.
"Dr. H. W Ravenel, the botanist of i
he deprtment, is one of the most emi
cn ct intists in the South. He will
ia*e his department of great benefit to
4c farmers during the year.
"Dr. Benjamin McInnes, Jr., the
eterinary surgeon of the department, is
oing a great deal of good by the exanai
at in of dieased stock in various iarts
fte State, and prescribing remedies K
)r the prevenAioi and al atement o(
iseases amouK stcek. The increased
tereg bi stock raising and the large ]
moint iv. sted in blooded stock in l
outi Carolina make it of the highest
iportance that every precaution should .
e taken against the spread of contagi- t
us disea'ses, and Dr. McInTi es will use c
very efort to the accomplishment of a
is end.
"Mr. Grahtam, who has been detailed 11
ve flic United States signal service to,
ianize and take charge of the Statet
eatr serviee, under the department,
"s ntered 1pon his work with entusi- I
I:n, "nd. as vou have already published,
as' etalisheLd about forty itat!ons that ]
0o reccive tie daily weather indica
ns, and in a short while he -ll ha-e
tations of obaerv:on at every county- i
eat 'South Carolinn. It is Lot neces- t
rv for mic to speak '9f the inany ad- (
amtagcs which the weather service will i1
ive to all claszes of our pee ple. Its It
enefits are recognized and appreciated i
verywhere. - 1
"MIr. E. L. Iloehe, the special assist- i
ut, continues in charge of the phosphatee
epartment, .and the splendid services heK
as already rendered the State in getting!e
curate returns of rock mined and se
uring prompt payment of roy'alty duet
he State is aample garantee that thise
taortant interest will not be neglected-.;.
~'We are now makin'g arrangem-ents to
nlarge the inotly report, and du~ring j
he year it will contain, besides the usualj
aatter relating to the work of the de- '
artmenit, regular co~itribiutions from I
h chemist; the botanist, the -eterina
an, the signal service obser er, statisti
al statements and other matters of im
rest to the farmers. We are daily dis-j,
ributing hand-books and other publicajt
ions to all parts of the eguntry and
ing everything that we think will bet- 1
r advertise our resources and advant
s. We now have on '" 'n Uie aicc I
ight-si-: applica.ioas for carp, and it:t
vil e .uire 1,~x0 tis to supidy the ap
ie" ts. Th ese will be furnished fronm
sur -pons' if the number there is
uicent an if not we will obtain them
ro the Govb~ernent ponds at Wash
gton.
" Te :.epxaranent will make an exhibit
S. te Grange encampment at Spartan
,rg next su-mner, and in every wayi
>os-ble encourage the formation o.
grcultural cluois <md organizations. As
on as practicale~ after the time pre
rbed- by laiw hits expired thme board
v'ill estab)lish thle tw'o expecrimtental sta
ons roevided for- by the Legislature~
'Tud we- excet to have thiem in active1
seratio as i btas.posile during the
deyudrte charge of a comipe
i'drctrad emplloyebs Th-- lb ard
lso h w 'in regardto te collec- H
,oX infern"~ation reg-arding ag'ricut
I~ c oldS, "to as to ibe. rr: :o
-amit the repmt regardingi them' at the
*~ s'sion ofI the Legtislature. Oa
esr.i t o make inhe departmnt of the
rreatet benletit to the. Iarmer, and we
reO endeaOrig to keep themit informed
*a .nine~td mt its work, in order to
ee.re their cotrdial co-opieratiol''
b. i ee- as benbainu .1din
Si -:nven te patie . 'u it( was nee
. :oght hatit s ni.1e h i e in 0uc ::
I: iy m::ae.. ihe Vn pare beong to
0n ld::aly, e orea t:el Ctom-~
S *nt, le: 'in that 10ti n proe authoi
It is well known to the Cultivatoi
readers that the farmers howl and com
plain of cotton being only worth from
seveu and a half to cight and seven
ei"'th eents; they cunsider thieuselves
broke and rune1 at those prices, when
it is * blesng to thei anI the con
try th.t it no hihe p'-e. ei y fV
d ygit exr ne,
L
1101-C' t he-e t ie Ia
a n andh lead lidell it
ecuatte osnd t. n in o rof exta -
uIees an~d waste, and whei over-pro
nuevo gluated thet iiiarkc and ctton
eigein fprie, it found the l-rmet en
bhbt, iye had to be paid yinoW-pra-ed
totton .i the contrarya wlicn o ttun
o Rvlow for a snc le- the I
r- reulat aen allmars to o xtiriiva
uetin glutd teo marke d o1itt
:to. .O the cotay 1hncto
oldlowfrserie y* rs th dfrm
:rsa ruat~ed their an irs tosi circum
Wtt L; it .foeh to ecno '1re
lrvusti en e hey increased
no-e money a& low-priced cotton thian
hey did with high-prieed cotton. I have
dways noticed that debts and accounts
verc more promptly paid with low
prieed cotton-why ? because when cot
on was high, speculation and ext rava
ance increased their indebtednes, a-d
vhen low-priced were economical :and
aving, and every dollar th-y got they
Ipplied to their debts. This may seem
strange theory, that low-pred cotton
)enviits the firmers more t-a high
riced cotton, but experieuce has shown
tto be the case, and the rve.ons are ap
arent; when speculation set iln value
ecomes fictitious, and inlationi( go'"e on
Lntil the bubble e.xpLIdeS 0 reactio
brows all in ch-os aud di may *and a
anic is the result, which b-.i abui it
eneral loss and ruin. and rices basUd
n such fictitious and fraudul'ut values
aelt into poverty. Let us go back lifty
ears, when everything was muh dear-er
han it is now-"coffee 2 pounds to the
Lollar, sugar five and six pounds to the
tollar, iron ten cents a pound, axes two
ollars and a half each, foar-quarter
heeting thirty-seven and a half cents,
nd calicoes, American. thirty -even und
half cents, Englisi tifty cents per yaird.
nd cottun s-.'ling at eigLt an ten ce'ts.
ioing b:.Ck only to 1870 ogr factorie.:
old plaids at ninetena eei's %- Yard.
ast year, 186; they sold tam
r six and one-fourth cnlts, and tle
resen.t b toom, six and thr.e-fourtlh
ents," and with cotton tt pries
e advantages arc all in i'vor of the
onsumers. But let the price of cotton
dvance to twelve and lifteen cent-.
v 'rything Clse would ran tp- .ifgh i
>rice to the oroporti-n to the price of
ot orj td pio- ision crops curtailed in
ianting and cotton planting increased
t the expectation of fiftee-n cents a
ound, would place the farmers in a
gorse condition than they are to-Un".
ow values are in favo-f Lio iarmers.
rovided :hey fareid as they should, by:
a tssng their own food ~supplies in
L1undance for man and beast, and cot-.
n at six cents would P.17 thera well
)r whole sy tenm of farming is wrong,
ence there is such depression and hard
imes with the farmers, and the error is
a planting two muach cotton and two
ittle provisions with most of the farmers
o-day; their cotton crops are merely ex
hanged for their food supplies, and un
en such a system where can any pro
ome in for the far r Way none, Lor
11 e laaesis consuned) in prov isions
o sup~port life; all maide aboove. frar
onsumaptioni should beL a clenr w rt,
ud if we farmed in ti' t --y. he lo
rice of~ cot wouild uot afect us, andt
eep an eye to your er-b'iaxd L.aa.. ad
moke-houces, th..t ih&y arc tilled from
oar own nelds; also hebp an - eye to
our little t-tdek pattches, and to your
arden and poultrv haouse. and also to'
'our dairv. and wnien that is done, you
ill never uear of hard times on a farm
hus managed; the hard times and _gin
touses go together; all eetLr. aii -1
read and :tcat the rouble; elothing
2 all kinds is ch'eap; U't when you
trike the groers and prkovio de-alers,
here the ruinous expens~ s come mn
cichm make farming unpiroiltakl.
Cave Spring, Cia.
)octor,- andi Lawy'ers 1tiru-n the- -Iei' r?'
the it4pe- and 1- &e- 'loa.zi.
The bocett of MIedical J urispruden~ce
.nd State 31edicine held its monthly
aetng last wee~k, with Aimos (l. Ilual
.s presiding o~leer. Ther-e was an ani
aated diseasssion on the gues.tion, "How
shall the D~eath Penalty be In?icted?''
L'he presiding oilieer ai that he was
ot so much oppissed to the pi-esent sys
em of capital p'uim'-ent as lie was to
dlowin:. rep resenhttives i1 ine press to
iie irt'e'ent and1 pub'lih th d' etails of the
ress-H lw' foI 1 y r.-ri
Ih rer ' a 'p' to the *omi-2ttee ap)
ointed by the Legislaiture to report upon
ione systemn of capital puninhn. Hie
a-sidered hanging the most barbarous
td inhuman methodV of iunishmient
low in existe-nce. The' "Pillo ?hi'ee
boughtithlNt i nsi um*nt for ind'iet
ag the deatu 1penalt4y His opinionlii ws
xocurred in by Drs. Quimbyv and J. C.
L'etrs, wtho were bot opposed to hamng
he 'dicuse byo'>i)l E.t H. en and W.~
. se, re thatntie three~ kalto
shion.ld !>r.b ehia. Ile ro y: sr
een li th ayr. ers hsuetingI
thatithe pineion.c eahy m.tbileven at
wen~ be otaondib eratel toe the lie
ifantre Thso faorabluni sei too
heye have tat tbhea pree a s
should naotbe cheged.i Ta he eeg
were clobogdby aDr Peer sugges:ting
tha tes pinnofe.c mebuo theesd
soci beizad outa wyd-andtt tandg
makifDurrota wher aitrssadtete
TiEF SORT OF W I'IlI TI 'AVI
INSlE~l
L i 1 eunn SeI ie Thi'e T l , How Peopl
laist Where the Therumometer is- Ei;:ht3
De-rrees o' low .ero--Siberiav Exiles.
Lieutenant W. H. Sehcutze of the
iavy, vho was sent to the Lena Delta ii:
Northwestern Sileria to deliver to thc
natives gifts from the goverinment of thc
Uniie at "'es to repay them for the aid
thier rendelred him iii his search for the
mlsslu.; members of the Jeannette party,
sas in his report that the town of
Xeroyansk, Siberia, is the coldest in
hted spot in the world. The ther
mometer at at *; below zero when he
was there. and he says it seldom goes
above e.3 below. I asked him the other
day what thle people did who lived at
this bli.sful s'ot, what they had to eat
and ho th--. liked it.
rp.iedhu, "they think it is
a pre.&: goo su of im. ate. 'Home.,
w is the song all the world
o 1e ad if the Veroyanskers should
)ic :r 1' er would wonder what peo
pie v v.here i s so infernally hot.
They wod smother in this elimate and
pineior a stilff northwesterly Arctic gale.
.t s wondierful the amount of cold
hnman :!h ican endure. The natives of
1irr '.'l Fiego go stark naked the
year r , and in their country it
fre-zes evcry night. It is much colder
;n the Le'a Delta, yet the people man
age to keep comfortable, and more die
t smuallpox and seurvy than from the
et ets of the intense cold. You seldom
hear of any onite freezing to death, and
tlien it i. thse enly Who expose them
selves impriuldently who die in that way.
More peoplei are frozen to death in the
Uiited States than in Siberia."
"unt how do they manage to keep
in the tirst piace the Yakuts
are an cndutring race, and are born in
that climate. Then they dress in furs,
and hae larned from their ancestors or
from their own experience how to keep
warm. Their houses are built of logs.
sne-ared over on the outside and anside
with manure and mui. La each cab
is a lar-e hieplace. which is used for
bothi eatig an cooking. There
seldom' more than one room in these
Ca 'in, arnd ua the owner's cattle, if
hu hasn, oNcupy one end of the room
inhiche lives, being tied, or pre
v'tee from traimapling on the babies by
bar. The houses are commonly very,
c-ufmortale, but are awfully dirty, and
smell -here is no word to describe it.
Oftn, Iuntil I got used to it, I wo.'
rather ie down in the qnow eatsido, v.-ieh
the tiiermoni-ter 3u ielow zero, than
Sl _'L U .4i t hes huts. But you've
no idea what u man can stand when he
has to."
"Have they windows in their houses?"
"Ycs-; ice vindows. They use ic:' b;
We use glas. A cle-r pISei .selected
ao1ut i: si Lnes thick, iortised
:n the windew opening in blocks two
feit, and otims as large as four feet
square, and with water S made solid.
The water is, as good as putty. When
;he widow becomes dirty they scrape it
olf wit.h a knife, and whme'n it has been
siCraped thin, they substitute a new
pane."
"Doesn't the window ever melt?"
"Bless you, no; it is freezing cold thai
far from the fire. If the :ozjm eyer got!
warm enouovh t. ntelt ihe ice the Yakut
eou'ldn't live in it, and would have to go
out doors to cool ol!. At night the tire
is allowed to go out, as they have t
economize in fuel. A11 thee tnave is
driftwo *d. gratheged on the banks of the
Lea-a River in the summer time."
"Howu do they sleep?' Do they undres
when they go is bed?''
Qanways. They strip to their shirt,
which are made of a thick sort of Rus
sianu cloth as5 hcavy as our canvas. The
men andt women wear the same kind of
garments, and never have more than one
at a time. I took up a lot of thick Bar.
nel for them, enough to last thi rest of
their lives. nd it ill be a~ great deal
:ta'e co:fortable than the native stuff,
:lthoug~h th'ey don't likeit atth-st. When
they mi'dr;:.they. get into bunks built
in ifne side of thme house-sometimes a
man. is wif and alis childrenm in the
san bunk. Ti hey haiv e rcindiet:" shins
une ad over t0 ". ..d cur-ains of
the~" 'mm Li teore the bunks. The
rnst manm or' wo'man' to 'udress haings all
thze clothing of the res't outdoors ov'er.
pole that is kept for the purpose.'
"To freeze .the. flce They couldn't~
live if they didn't do it, and it hiar Lie
conme a national custom. The lice get
into the for, "ni thait is lhe only way to
get them out. By hanging their clothes
over the pole every night they can keep:
reasonably free from themd, but the fur
tis up aroain the next d.
"Do they ever bather'
"Never ~in thir lis; they haven't'
'any word foi biathing" in their langiuage',
and th impiilit of 0 kei nlg emea i.
oine of the g'reatest 'mr is e '1ric
'ife"
"What o th y ea it?' ~ hu
cows, queer-looking amnials, about hal
as large as ou'r, with a hun"wek on
thir backs like. 'naml-ih, bread
m o'ea b 1c ry e four, tea and an im
por'ted food made oft chopped beef rolled
imto baills about the size "f Lii arle,
and covered wit a dough. These. they
pound "ly'and make? 'int soup. Then
there. is a wood I t is very 'nutiiort
whe iu i' griund iu and hal ld Mie
wih rende me' ii.m nlto' mae a. gd
.Iun Th v ''teu eat terus rw.h
na~ie, art : arl if h- i nte road,
eats the n-u n iiha1'ving., as tin as our
r ' pa'tale and I ham lfied for days
:n a the on thm wi~Tth er'p of tea
made over 0n ato 'o l knu by wayv of
varietv. Th' greatest luxury they have
ibutter, au-l he'' will eat it by the
pon * our pepl eat coinfectioneryu.
Spoor sor't ut buittir is made frm the
mik oft the ntive cow~. that looks ad
"Th amuntof u.ttrn'u'ativ' will
cat vihe hei~ e sge imt'ontuAd
h ~ieutnt rceutzin mis~m atonishing o. A
man who ate thirty-six p, ooUs m'
day, and thin didn't get all he wned.
They have a way of pounding up a red
berry and mixing it with butter, which
gives it a lieautiful pink tint and im
proves the flavor. Their drink is the
Russian Todka, almost pure alcohol
and they will trade their shirts for it.
The liquor is scarce and expensive, so
they are necessarily a temperate people.
"How do the political exiles ive, ad
how many are in the country?"
"great man-severa in every st
tlemnt. When ani xile is nithe
country the Governor deteri eres w
he shall reside, and rcquires h i to re
port his wherabunts at friiuent inter
vals. They live as the a d , re
ceive so much a year frol the ov rn
ment for their 'support, ad work at
their trades if they have ther, and if
Othey haven't get such jobs as they can
In other provinces the exiles work in
the mines. At Verovansk I saw an exile,
who had been a hlwyer and judge in
Russia, doing carpenter work, and all
the tool he had was an ax. I took up
some presents for several exiles, who
had been of service to the Jeannette
party, but had to obtain the permission
of the Governor before I could deliver
them. in every settlement are local
oflicials, who look after tLee itnafortu
nate Po)ple."
-How can a man endure the intcnse
cold when the wind blows"
"It is, of Course, necessary to keep
the body protected and as much of the
face as possible with furs, and even then
it is common to freeze the extremities,
but if a man knows how to take care of
himself he will not suirer. My face and
hands were frozen a number of times.
If I had gone to the lire to warm the
skin would have cracked open and given
me much trouble; but by rubbiing the
frozen place with snow, and getting It
thawed out by friction and gradual heat,
I never had any troulble."
P'ena Danutoxa.
AIOUT IATENTS.
XIow the Office i. Maia:Zed IanId Whence -
Inven tion Comle.
(From the N Y'rk H:-.'d.)
In the matter of ingenuity the Ameri- o
can people lead the word. More appli
cations for patents are received and more
pztects granted at the Patent Olice in
this city than in any other two countries I
of Europe. Great Britain comes next
on the list, France third and Germany
foarth. It was not until Isht; that the
Patent Olice was organized as a separate
bureau with a commissioner and suital
assistants for the proper discharge of itS
duties. It is rather a singular fact that
during that year only one
for a i)atent was illed. TL. nxt Vear
the number inesd to 101. The i
creas;e has steadily grown until in 1800
21,7,7 applicationswere illed. The while
number of patents granted since 166 is
in round numbers, 3,000. The appli
eations for patents are regarded as
good index of the general business pros
perity of the country. When imes are,
(lull inventol realize that capital is slow
to risk the success of their experiMeUnts.
On the other hand when niAy is pieuti
fil it is a poor inve-ntor who canIAt fiud
some one who is willing, at lcast, to pay t
the legal expenses necessary to thi
taking out of his patent. It may bec
said, en passant, if this theory of the
patent oil'ee oilicials holds good, tIat
the country was never i a more pro
perous condition, inasmch as the mun
ber of applicatic-:: ior lSf; excceded by
sevepl tnousaiid those of any preceding
ye a.
More patents have been granted to thec
citizens of New York than to those of
any other State. This is owmng probably
to her la4-ger popuation. Upon this I
hypcathesis Pennsylvania takes the see
end plac3, and according to the same
reasoning Illinois or Ohio sitould come
next, but the truth is chat 31assehusetts
holds the third place, with Illinois fourth
and Ohio fifth. The character of the
application usually denotes the locality
from which it proceeds. For e':ampe,
applications showing the i::sentor to .be
a man of high scientiflc education mam
ly come from New Tork, M'ssachusets
or Connecticut. Improvenanuts in cot
ton and sugar machinery are the work
almost entirely of Southern inventors
The development of inventive genius in
the South has been remarkable durmgr1
the past decade. This is especially so
in Georgia and Texas, the two most
progres'si'e Stases south ot :Iiason d
iixon's line. The applications frlim the
South. as recently as 1s2h, were omy v
fraction of those l iied fromi the North
About I.G a change was noted, and the
increase since then has been relatvely
as great as that of the 2{:rthern States.
The Endu oif a Desperado,
Craig Tolli v, the wors t desperado i
Kentucky, was tound dead in a llh in
llowan county W\ednetsday. He was the
leader of the Tollivar ia't'ion, which has
kept up a continual wairfare with the1
M1artin faction in the vicinity of 3Ior
head for the last two year5. The troubile 1
began when .To 31ar tin miurd red
Flo'.a Toivar a MIurehead. Craig Tal
is ar heard oif thei murder act his home,
and rode twenty-seven mniei _w
hours, hop:ing to avenge * erune.
:3Iartin was taken to WVinceste~r fo "afe
keeping. A i,-w week~s lItr two 0mLn
htiring to be guards presente t o th
jailer a forged order purporting to come
rom a Rowan county magitrate 1:
tin was turn~ed over to them. Onte
wa' bacn to MIorehead the train wa
boarded by four maiskel men, ..nd 31..
tin wa s taken fron tibe guards a r'idad
the crime conhl not be fas-td nh .
it has co 'ni.dee ie.Ade
me~ nvi.ave ben sh down in P1 Cid':,
on either side.I The taetr sh
Thle killing' ei To'lhs ar~ wil proba y
the troule. lle was killed by somie
his enemies.
The belled busnrar that ita,, oee
spoken of in the South ryerwa
shot the other day by .i. C. Cringvtu.
Tunis county, Texas. The ll was wll
tonied, of b rass, and about two anm hi
inches across the base. Itwas hung :
the bird byV ai coprwiti arn
skin bieing preteelied tO~ um :n bundan m
of down. The figures 15T were scratcd
ea 5. .ozs contemplates starting
clain wvrks at Wheeling, West Virginia.
There is talk of a wire factory being
sLartcd at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Tt is stated that a smoking tobacco
factory will be started at Chase City,
Virginia.
A corapany is being formed at Calera,
Albania, it is said, to manufacture
wa "1enwa r.
A '0ve fonAy is reported to be built
0tDcm, Alabjama, soon1.
At Cnipeper, Va.. a carriage factory
is to e erctld.
rici -oid mine has been discovered
near the Neuces Canyon, Uvalde county,
Texas.
A St. Louis firm are making arrange
ments for a pipe foundry at Chattanoo
ga, Tenn.
A canning factory is about to be estab
lished at Amite, La.
A wagon factory is being erected at
Homeland, Fla., by J. D. Crum.
A stock company will soon be organ
ized at Jacksonville, Fia., to manufac
ture moss.
Near Caiera, Ala., slate has been dis
overetd and will soon be developed.
A stek company is to be organized at
Dirmiinghain, Ala., to ptart a tannery,
At Eiireka Springs, Ark., a zine mine
aas been developed.
A saw and phning mill, also a box
actory, have been erected at Van Buren,
irkansas.
Negotiations are about being entered
nto for erecting water works at Pine
lhif, Ark.
It is probable that a stock company
Vill be organized at Roanoke, Va., soon
o esbt I dish a basic steel plant.
The TIompson Brick Company, capi
al stock S2,0,0i, has been organized at
3irmainghiam. Ala.
The Lurav Ca.-e and Hotel Company,
Luray, Va., -outemplate spending about
>I,000 in enlarging their hotel.
A z;100,000 stock company is being
>rgaiized at Birmingham, Ala., to estab
ish a large carriage and wagon factory.
The Biloxi. .rtesian Ice Manufacturing
:ompany, capital stock 814,000, has
ieen organized at Biloxi, Miss.
The Alabama Marble Company, capi
l Stock 8100,000, has been organized
.t 'rce, Ala., with W. J. Kercachan
Sresi'dent.
' .1 I,0% stockr comany has been
'ranized at Shelbyville, Ten., to im- I
rove laud at St. Andrew's Bay, Fla.
. co"my'luo. is being formed at Fort
o th, Texis, to manifacture iron and
ooden bridges, with $100,000 Capitali
tock.
There is soon to be constructed in the
oft canl rmeions of southwestern Vir
ii several new coke ovens and new
uxnaces are to be built.
At Pilot Point, Texas, a stock com
any is about to be formed to erect a
event v-Iive barrel roller flour mill.
At Gainsville, Fla., a site for a murni
are and wagon factory has been pur
based and buildings are soon to be I
reeted, auatr
T t anufactory of yellow
e hunbir is in Lincoln, Miss., and
lie huniber business in that locality is
n the boom.
Last month there were 3.000,000 feet I
f lumber shipped from Jacksonville,
lorita. More than half of it went
broad.
The foundry at Calera, Ala., is sup
lying the castings for the alcohol char
oal phauts being erected at Decatur,
dia., and Goorich, Tenn.
At Camden, Ala., S. D. Block pro
oses to crect a factory for the manu
aesure of cottcon rope and woolen yarn.
At Lirmaingh~am, Ala., the Edison
ieetrie liunmating Company has been
Lcorporated with a capital stock of
Capital stock to the amount of 8100,
00U has been subscribed to establish an
xc and tool company at Birmingham,
dabama.
The. Elkvon Land Company of Birm
ogamai Aa. has declared dividends of
i- e et. of its capital during IDe
e.er and '-1 per cent. dm-ing 1880I,
An extensiv"e porcelain factory is now
no opert in New Orleans. La., under,
he lunervison of skied workmen from*
.e ieat'ries of France. The work
s ane as any done abroad.
A comp~any has been formed by a
'umber 01 capitalists of New Orleans,
iith a capital of 85i0,000, to establish a
actory for canning beef. .The factory
ill obe located in the parish of St.
At Dirmingnrham, Ala., a company was
'c'rpor ated, with a capital stock of
U5,00 toianufacture bridges, bolts,
uts ec. Works are 'soon to be built
li wl gv emph1)lyment to one hun
red ''nd 0lt hands.
TheAmeia fibre Company will
oin bc orgatni.zed in New Orleans, with
.aptsckof 8:250,i00. It i~s con
emniatied by this company to establish
. onpe facoi-y and paper mill1 in connlec
ion w~ith the decorticating machinery.
Durng the past maonth arrangements
were concluded b'y capitalists from the
orh with local mamnifactiurers, to erect
t hattaooga a large drop forging
lant the largest ever erected in the
,outh, the co't of which will be813,0,00.
't cinfl, Alai., the Shellield Pipe
.d.Nail j::pany ha~s been or'ganized,
asworks for the purpose ofl
en n wrnia t iron piping,
e br r tice oiron an'd steel.
. 'ma uin ala mproviuig Company
ll e irpr) e ina sho'rt time at
ubes ..,~w...th' a capital of $1,00i0,000.
) 10,0 as well as a bak witha
Ti litas edition ot the THeppner
)'i'fgo < ai/,te wa.s ist yerritedl in
itcl .1bakadwht-n h
-ared' b'y thie. d'evl gettig on too muuchi
Sand failing to outlicientliy agitate his
A TALK ABOUT INDLINS.
AN INTERVIEW WITH COL. ARTHUR
GRABOUSKI.
The Indians and their Future-Interesting
Facts Conceruin; their Education and
their Progress.
(From the Augusta Chronicle.)
Colonel Arthur Grabouski was in Au
gusta yesterday and, the Chronicle re
porter failing to cateh him on the wing,
drove out to the stately mansion of Mrs.
James Gardiner. The reporter was
ushered into the parlors at the hospitable
mansion, but was not allowed to remain
there but a few seconds before he was
ushered into the sitting room, where
Colonel Grabouski was seated before a
comfortable fire.
The Colonel has a distinguished as
well as a classical appearance, and the
cordial greeting extended the Chronicle
representative, when he informed the
Colonel of his mission, immediately
stamped him as a man of excellent judg
ment. He was willing to give the people
any information that he might possess
that would be of interest to them. The
reporter thereupon said:
"Colonel, knowing that you had some
trouble in Kansas and that charges were
made against you, will you kindly tell
me about it and also something about
the Indians?"
"The difficulty I Lad was simply the
objection of the people of Kanss to an
outsider taking charge of what they con
sider a home institution. In addition
thereto there is considerable feeling still
existing there in regard to the war.
These char6s against me were so con
tinual that three or four times the de
partment sent investigation committees
all of whom were perfectly satisfied that
there was no cruelty, and that everything
was managed satisfactorily."
"Has the feeling died out?"
"It was only amongst a few and has
entirely died out. As an evidence of
which there was tendered on my leaving
a joint banquet with ex-Governor Charles
Robinson, given by at least gne hundred
ind fifty of the leading citizens, at which
banquet I received a handsome souvenir.
Whilst greatly interested in the work of
educating the Indians the duties were
exceedingly onerous, and having an ap
pointment offered in the Department of
the Bureau of Labors-the distributing
> products which would make my field
f labor in Georgia, Alabama, Missis
sippi and Louisina-I accepted it."
THE WORK AMONG THE NINDANs.
"The people would like to knowsome
hing of your work among the Indians;
will you kindly enlighten them?"
"Aaskell Institute is one of the United
States Indian industrial schools, having
3uring my administration three hundred.
pupils, one-third of whom were females,
ranging in age from 12 to 30 years, re
iding at the institution provided with
-verything by the government. The
>bject of the institution is to let indus
rialtrininggo hand in hand with the
English language and the fundamental
principles of an education. Among the
rades taught are blacksmithing, carpen
ering, shoemaking, farming, tailoring,
Ae."
"How do they take to education?"
"They are intelligent when aroused,
ind they make remarkable progress in
the English language. They make them
elves understood and their shop work
is of value in a short time."
"After being in the institution any
tength of time do they retain their
treacherous nature?"
"Their nature is suspicious, not treach
arous. After they give confidence and
fledience for once it is for good. I do
not recollect a single instance in which
aan or woman went back on a promise
given the superintendent."
"'What do you consider the main lever
En the education of the Indians?"
"Undoubtedly the effect of Christiani
ty upon the morals and lives of there
people. This opinion is shared in both
by the President and the Secretary of
be Interior."
"What becomes of these Indians after
Iishing their education?"
"Some of them return to their people
md become instructors in what are called
igency schools, others become govern
:ent employes at agencies. The majori
:y, however, form what is known as the
aew Indian element, they are the freight
rs and small farmers of the agencies,
mud are the ones who are now askn
listribution of Indian lands in severst."
"Have you ever visited the Inda
gencies?"
"I have visited a number of them, met
:he chief men in council and went in a
aumber of their camps from tent to
ent."
"Having been among them, what is
your opinion upon the solution of this
:roublesome problem?"
"The middle aged Indian, man or
woman, will have to pass to their grave
out little improved, as they seem unsus
eptible of improving. The hope of the
[ndian race lies in those under twenty
ive years of age. Instances are not un
~ommon where older Indians take steps
:oward civilization in breaking grounds
~or farms, but these are exceptions.
[ecognizing this the Government directs
ts attention to the young men and
women of the different tribes, and will
mdoubtedly solve the question by the
radual extinction of the old Indian and
:he budding citizenship of the young
[Edians-"
A St. Paul young man was surprised
md shocked the other day. He was
walking behind a well known lady of
.at city whenm a ragged little boy asked
for live'eents to buy a loaf of bread with.
Shie gave it to him. Timen he ran away,
out around the block, and soon met her
gain and told the same tale. Then the
oung man heard her say, "I gave you
Ehe other niekel to buy a loaf of bread.
I now give you five cents in admiration
: your gigantic gall." The lady moves
in "'the highest circles of St. Paul socie
ty," and that's the reason her remarks
mrprised the listener.
Somne unknown incendiary attempted tco.
re the hous~e of Mr. Curry, of Laurens
eon Suniday night. Ilappily mne effort
ie. or a large part of the town would
w:e beeni destroyed, as~ Mr. Curry's hiouse
Sof wood. anu joining t and in the imme
late neigh borhood are many of the same