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BY-WAYS OF STATE HISTORY By J. W. Daniel, D. D. k Old Roads (Continued) * X Southern Christian Advocate. v That which men realize they need will always create a road to it. l have already intimated that the larger part of the territory covered by the old Ninety-Six district was designated .under the title Kush-ah-Kush-ah, which cfrudely translated, had made Lang Canes historic. The Indians did not, however, localize the name as we do, it referred to a large tract of country where canes grew in great abundance. Therefore, from an In' dian point of view, we have the Kushi ah-Kush-ah signifying The Big Cane P _ . , , ^11 11 Tl,? iiraKe Deiow ureenvjne as wen az> x m Long Cane section of Abbeville county and Kush-ah, Reedy river. This Indian name of these several points was bestowed by them because the "* soil of the old Ninety-Six district pro\ ? duced canes so abundantly, even on its uplands as well as on the rich alluvial bottoms bordering the streams j* which were high and not swampy and rarely overflowed even down to the memory of living men. This feature ?vf that section made it a rich pasture for great herds of elk, buffalo and 7 deer for both winter and summer. The collection of these herds in these broad pasture lands attracted the panther, packs of wolves and prowling bears'. These animals feasted on the helpless gramniverous herds that pastured here. Therefore, the Indians wjib made the largest use of these animals referred to these foot hills and ' dsQes as Kush-ah-Kush-ah, abundance of canes, and made many paths into *l of? flwoirciATiC Q n H It on until uuntni^, ^av.ui>?v>'u, through it ih their tramps to the ocfean for commercial purposes with the Creeks. They traded arrow heads arid flint spearheads for salt, shells arid such things as their mountain country did not produce. These paths were made long before white settlers c&me to the territory of South Carolina. Therefore the Indians alluded to a certain, point within this tract ""* Woono.Koane wViir>Vi TOAflTVt. a miTTI UO ?f MAVM ? bet of paths and roads, most probably their conjunction. It is an interest i%v / ? ing fact that both of these uidian names survive, one crudely translated Li>hg Canes and the other half translated Honea Path. it is also a fact full of interest that, while the state created hy"i statutes many roads through upper Car? olina we look in vain for any statute creating a road where there was a loig and well defined Indian trail. The old Keeowee Trail in Abbeville county, through Anderson and Oconee to the mountains and across them into North Carolina and Tennessee, the old trail leading across Saluda Gap down through Greenville and Laurens between Reedy and Saluda rivers and the old trail leading out from Ninety r-n/lar l-O iUUJSgxvve a mm, ua ^ Springs in Spartanburg county, by Cowpens and on to King's Mountain. and across the mountains are illustraticns of this fact. These trails were t j as accurately laid out as any civil en4 gineer eould have located them, and this is proven by the fact that when the needs of a great civilization demanded the building of railroads the civil engineer followed these trails almost exclusively, even -the long Chicasaw trail leading out from Cha^eston to the Creek and Chicasaw nation located m Georgia and Alabama. This trail passed out of Charleston to Augusta along what is now the Southern railway then on for five hundred miles into the then unknown and unexplored West. Every foot of the old trail is now tracked by the Iron Horse. These important trails Were inherited by the earliest settlers as assets of their new country and widened an<J developed into roads without state legislation. Ninety-Six was, therefore, an im L nnvViQnr oontnrios Hp. PUIUIII0 puill L JJtmayo vb?vw>A<vw fore Scotch-Irishmen settled the country. The Old Keeowee trail, the Salu1 da Gap trail and the well defined trail from Kings Mountain by Cedar Springs and Musgrove's mill all had their conjunction at Ninety-Six. One of the oldest chartered roads in Laurer- county was a road running to this p^int, Rayburn, for Ravburn was an important settlement prior to 1768, the year in which the road that sweeps around the hill on which we are camping was created oy status. It will be noted that my contention for the spelling of Rayburn is confirmed even at that early date. The number of the statute creating the road and a bridge across Saluda river is 973 as contained in Statutes at Large of South Carolina and the title of the Act is "An Act for establishing and making public, a road to lead from Orangeburg to Saluda, and from thence to Bush and Raybur 's creeks, and for appointing commis j -i? sioners for tne same; anu aisu xui establishing and making public a ferry over Saluda river, and vesting the same in Samuel ^Celly and John Milhouse, their executors, administrators and assigns, for the form therein mentioned." Samuel Kelly lived ii Newberry county and Jchn Milhousi lived in the opposite side of the river f The family is still extant in the state I and Samuel Kelly's blood runs in the J veins of my own offspring. The com : missioners to put the road through and see that it was kept up were An? T * -*CM1 drew Urown, j-onn iuimuuse, damu Cheek, the progenitor of an old Lau rens family, William Booth, Barnabas Arthur, John Fisher and Johr Furnas. The act is signed by P. Man igauit, Speaker, and "Assented to" bj C. G. Montagu. The act shows that Rayburn was an important settlement at that early date, April 12th, 1768. This road ran through the upper pnrt " 1 4- I avin<ftn;i tiKi or urangeuui^ CUUUI.V, northwestern part of Newbevry county and through Laurens county frorc the Newberry line by Miltoi, through the plot of ground now iceaofcd ? >' the county seat of Laurens and up tc Rayburn. 11 is interesting to know .ha: froir the vicinity of Milton and fro'n the settlements at Rayburn and Bush r'V * - i^ J cn+f lore Yi ( er, joiycu uy otov... and Abbeville counties there went out a considerable colony of Quakers arc Associated Reformed Presbyterians opposed to the institution of slaver} and settled Milton, Ohio, and that this colony wrote and strenuously propagated the first Emancipation document in America. The story, however, is too long for this article. 1 wonder how many South .Carolinians know that fact. I shall write it up ir * ' i i ?1 ? a subsequent aracie. I - <$ AUTOMOBILES AND MANNERS^ C. C. Featherstone in Southern Christian Advocate. Automobiles are a great blessing ir some respects, but they certainly have not improved the manners of the peo pig. The time was (and it has not beer very long ago) when the driver oj one vehicle on the public highway * 1 -1-1 i. never passed anocner wnnuui, stu^iu^ to apologize and giving some gooc reason; but now such a courtesy i; almost a thing of the past. The fei low behind, if he has the faster car toots his horn and scoots by withou offering any apology whatever. And sometimes, by the 'very manner ii which he blows his horn, he says t< the fellow in front, "Get out of m> 1 ? ; way, you trining rascai you, who ' business have you got on the roa< anyhow?" | v And then again, automobiles hav< 'lessened and almost swept away th< few conventionalities and courtesies , which we had left amongst the younj I people of the two sexes. i The time was when a young mar i desiring to make an engagement witl a young lady, wrote her a note, ii ithe most formal and respectful Ian guage. The note read something lik< this: "Mr. Brown presents compli ments to Miss Jones, and, if agree ;able, he/ will be pleased to escort he] to church next Sunday night." i But, surely, you say, "That mus have been a hundred years ago." 01 'no less than fifty. ! Later came the telephones and thei ,the boys rang up the girls and said "Say, don't you want to go to churcl , with me tonight?" I W-, ^ 4-V>q Ollf r>TYIf?H51f? flfP I .tt.11U men Lainc ?o! when they don't write notes or rinj 'the 'phone, but just ride up in fron of the house and blow the horn, am say, "Come on jump in and go wit] 1 me." And too often, the girls gi I anywhere, anytime that they ar j wanted to go. I * I don't think that I am an "Oh jFogy," except, possibly, in the eye j of the very young; and I believe, wit! ; all my heart, in the young people hav {ing the very best time possioie; out am very strongly persuaded that it i time to call a halt along these lines. The doing away with the little cour i tesies and conventionalities that usei to exist between the sexes is bound t be productive of evil. Such conven tionalities were safe-guards providei by the experience of all the past, am they can not be tampered with ii ;safety. ; And the little countesies of forme ijdays tended very much to make lif , sweeter and better. >AADrD ATinw FAP <sFI T . WV1 A IV/il * V** ING:: AN OUTLINE The Problem * ] v j Complaints, individual efforts, pol j itics, have never gotten results be . cause the problem is a business prob lem; namely, how to meet the law o' ; supply and demand so as to get th< best prices at the lowest cost of hand . ling; that is, how the farmers may ge1 o Tvi^rn rocasnnahlp share of the CO!l I a A'lVAV, X V """ " , sumer's dollar paid for farm products 1. Is it the farmer's place to sel ] his product? If not, then (a) he mus produce at a lower cost or he mus I reduce his scale of living. Economii , production may be improved some j what by better, more scientific meth ' ods; but further reduction in th< . scale of living means less progress ii | education, good homes, good roads i enpifl] conditions, etc.. which are nov ' much below what they should be. I | is as logical for the farmer to con lftrol the sale of his product as it is'rn 2 for the manufacturer or the miner! . to control the sale of his product. jar 2. Is the farmer entitled to a big-|m ' ger share of the consumer's dollar? ! -j'Thc farmer now gets, on an average, izi 11 only a very small fraction of every T< j dollar paid by the consumer lor iarm isj !products. How can he get more? Of | Only by controlling the crop until gi ; it reaches the consumer. That can be iz i done only by united or cooperative! -'effort. In Denmark, where coopera- th r jtive marketing is followed, the farmer so gets 41) cents of the consumer's dol-.tr |lar. i as , What Constitutes Marketing J j (1) Assembling the product, (2)i*a ! Grading, (3) Warehousing, (4) , 1S T? ~ \ TT i n 1 11 f 1 *1 CT ( fi ^ !^' I J. I el lift u ui lo. li uii, yy/ ^ , , '.Skillful selling. Practically all of the J 11 work included under these heads is! i done by somebody other than farm-; \ crs, whom we call the "middleman." \ ^ j Of course, this middleman gets all su 1 profits arising from doing thesej ! things. Selling in driblets rather than j:n Marge quantities means "lower prices. i^a ".The farmer's ignorance of grading, I i - - u ; m; ' I which is now aone uy uuvns 11 | L I speculators, results in more loss. Lack ' of proper warehousing and financing,m; 11 results in loss in quality and helps to;171 '.cause rush selling at a great sacri-: ".ficc. To sell skill^illy requires!^ ' knowledge of the product, cost of | ' production, supply, demand, etc. Thej?a '[individual farmer does not have thisi^e' ' knowledge and can not command it. I '.Individual Selling is Poor Business \ ' th Why? ..Because? > i 1. The farmer is naturally more j ^ . a producer than a trader or business ! i CO ; man. : ! pr i! 2. Acting alone, he can do very ; little with the various steps that con- J j*r - stitute marketing. As an illustration j j( | of how organized effort results in ! t successful financing, the Mississippi' ! v vJ f long staple growers have been able to, v j borrow through the War Finance cor-iop . nnmtinn $5,000,000 to finance their jnr > *""S 1 crop for orderly marketing. s There is now pending in congress - a bill providing that the government /shall lend funds through farmers' ort ganizations. The advantages of such , a law, if passed, can come only i through organizations of farmers. >1 3. As individual sellers, growers i compete with one another. y I 4. There are always some who " I ? , i need to sell or otherwise get relief. I Without organization, this "distress" ; 'selling hurts'the market and the in? dividual. Cooperation takes care^of s this. rj . The real question then is, Can farjmers get better service from middle-' i; men serving their own selfish interI'ests or from farmers' organizations j !' serving the interests of the farmer . members. a I General Principles _ There are three kinds of organizations: (a) stock corporations, (b) r 'combination stock and patronage com,'panies, (c) non-stock cooperative ast' sociations. Stock corporations are -! organized to draw dividends on monj ey invested. Stock and patronage 1'companies provide limited dividends Jon money invested and sharing of ad1' ditional profits with patrons. The | non-stock cooperative association has !no money invested upon which to payj dividends and provides equal risks t;and equal benefits for members, jj The six main principles of the co-operative marketing associations are: 0! 1. Organization on the basis of e'the crop or product to be handled. 2. Membership limited to growers I 3; and landlords receiving the product; s ! as rent. 3. A binding contract to sell j . 1 through the association all of the j jproduct produced by each member. ! A TlinvnnrrK rrr-j/^inrr flnH market-I gj -t. I ! ing in "pools," each pool made up of .lull the products of a given grade re^ j ceived from members. i 5. The employment of skilled sellJ ing agents to handle the association's ^ product. 6. Non-stock, non-dividend paying organization. The Crop Contract r 1. A mutual agreement to market e j through one channel, the association's iiiarnemig agcutjf. I 2. Each member to deliver all of his product to the association for sell. ing. 3. A contract covering a definite, period of time, and legal punishment . for breaking contract. Pooling?How Done and Why 3. The product of each member asf sembled and graded, grades separated ? from each other, and offered for sale . in large quantities or "pools'' of a t given grade. 2. Advantages of pooling: (a) Accurate grading. 1 (b) Selling in large lots, t (c) Average price secured by skillt j ed sellers. ; (d) Orderly marketing rather than - hurried dumping. (e) Xc competition from fellow 3 members. 1 Can it Be Done? , 1. Denmark, .tngiana ana omer ir European countries have done it. t 2. California farmers are prosper in# under cooperative marketing as ver before. 3. The grain growers of the Westi e doinp: a $100,000,000 cooperative' arketing business. 4. Oklahoma has completed organ-I ation for 400,000 bales of cotton, ! 2xas for over 500,000 bales, Misssippi long-staple grower., for 200,- j )0 bales, and North Carolina, Georj a, and other .states arc now organ- j ing. 5. Right here in South Carolina ; e South Carolina Sweet Potato Asciation is succeeding on a coopera- j re marketing basis. This marketing sociation has recently secured re-! iction of freight rates on sweet po-1 toes for the future, and the ruling' rptrnn/?t.ivp sn thnf sorr.f1 S2.000 ill be returned to the shippers from eight paid on the last crop. j Summary 1. The farmer needs and is en-! "led to a larger share of the Conner's dollar. 2. Cooperative marketing is a bus-1 ess organization of farmers, by rmers, for farmers. # o. The purpose of cooperative, arketing is to substitute the mer-; andizing of products for the dump- j g of products by (a) stabilizing the ' arket, (b) lowering the cost of mdling and distributing, (c) selling illfully to best advantage. 4. It is a non-stock, non-profit orinization, based on commodity, is ?al and permanent. 5. The contract is a binding, mual agreement to sell through the e association's expert selling force. 6. Fooling tfte product results m Iter grading, better financing, less mpetition and therefore better ices. 7. It can be done in South Caro1a, for it is being done successfully sewhere. 8. Somebody else can't do it for iu. If you are interested in your r*n business salvation you want coerative marketing. If you want colerative marketing, the only way is ' * * * % v * * - For the i baker Ct of 1920, of 1919, Paris W' , in 1919o On Sep! 116,000 years ag was in 1 / Stwc and une: ever T 4 Touring tight-Six 3-Pa*?. Roa l.igbt-SSx Tourinar Ca Special-Six 2-Pass. Ro Special-Six Tourini; C Soecial-Six 4-Pass. Ro Bi^-Six Touring Car. .. * tateajfeaflMM illgartiHBTEaiaBg3Ba^B3wBMZ3HgBc3BHBB to GO OUT AND GET WHAT YOU WANT. His Argument Johnny hated his early bedtime. In the course of one of the nightly arguments his mother told him how 11 ' ' 1 ' 1 1 ' - ? 1 -~ tinf li Jill tile llttlC Cnil'hS wuxh/ ivj niltii * * 11 11 the sun. For the moment he was silent, then he piped up: "But the oJd hen <roes to bed with them, you know Mamma !*' The extra half hour was conceded SALE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY On Saturday, November oth, at 1C o'clock, a. in,. I will offer for sale a1 public auction, at the residence oi Mrs. W. P. Push, in the town of Prosperity, all of ihe Personal Property oi the late Miss Frances Moore. Terms of Sale: Cash. ET3BIE T. MAYER, Executor. 10-21-St. NOTICE OF JURY DRAWING Notice is hereby given that we, the undersigned Jury commissioners oi Newberry county, will openly anc publicly at 9 o'clock, A. M., November 4th, 1021, in ihe Clerk of Court's office, draw the names of thirty-si> (36) men to serve as Petit Jurors foi the first week of Court of Common Pleas whicii convenes at 10 o'clock A M., Monday, November 21, 1921, at Newberry. J. D. WHEELER. J. B. HALFACRE, C. C. SCHUMPERT, Jury Commissioners for Newberry County. 2 0-18-4 tT MASTER'S SALE. State of South Carolina, County ol Newberry. Court of Common Pleas Allen N. Crosson. Plaintiff, against Mary Shealy, Jesse Shealv, Lute Moore. Eliza Peterson. Bessie Boozer, Hestelle Shealy, Etta Shealy Leona Shealy, Lindsay Shealy, Rosa Shealy, Clarence Shealy, Horace Cromer, Lillie Mae Cromer, Lillie Mae Shealy, George F. Stockman, Mary E. Hipp, as Executrix^of tli last will and testament of Edward R. Hipp, deceased, and C. E. Summer, defendants. Pursuant to an order of the courl :irst eight months o ire were 41% great , and 101% great e . For the same p ere 13% less than \ cemfoer 1st, 1921, more Studebaker 1 ? ? J ? ?.J. m?* r o, ana yei uur pan? 919o This proves < lebaker Cars are staying out of rep fccelled, we believe, price. he Studebaker Corj NEW PRICES OF S f. o. b. factories, effect Cars and Roadsters: dster.... $1125 r 1150 adster 1585 fir 1635 cdster 1835 1985 ALL STUDEBAKER CARS ARE McHARDA Distri Phone 300 | in the above entitled action, I will sell at public auction at the court . house in tho town of Newberry, in! the county and state aforesaid on the! first Monday in November (salesday),! < 1021. within the legal hours of sale; the following described lands to wit: I I * * A11 that lot or parcel of land sit-; ' uate in the county of Newberry and i state of South Carolina, containing two acres, more or less, bounded on j, " th'1 north by lands of Sam Gallman,, ' on the east bv a public highway lead-i , in^ from the town of Prosperity, S. j C., to the town of Newberry, S. C., i i and on the south and west by lands;' ', of. or formerly of, Jake Perkins, Wil liam Douglas and perhaps others." j Also, "All that tract, or plantation ^ ' of land situate, lying; and beinjr in I ; township No. 9, in the county of New-!. : berry, in the state aforesaid, contain-! ; in?? fifty (50) acres, more or less, and : bounded by lan<Is of Chesley Hunter, j jB. L. Boozer and John Cousins. Also, ' {all that tract or plantation of land | 1 situate. Ivintr arid beinc in township i j No. 9, in the county of Newberry, in' ; th? state aforesaid, containing ninety-} |two (02) acres, more or less, and! 'bounded by lands of E. P. Xibler, ; Wiir-im Ruff and Mark Mills, known j as the Mid Griffin Old Place." Terms of sale: The two acre tract j . first above described for cash andj ] the othir two tracts for one-third cash j 1 and the balance in two equal annual i | ' installments, credit portion to be sc-; cured by a bond of the purchaser and) a mortgage of the premises, said bond: ',and mortgage to provide for interest i | from date of sale at the rate of eight j per cent, per annum, payable annu| ally and if net paid when due to bear ! r i interest at same rate as principal and .' We have a high power, fast cu plete power plant in itself for se the work of six to ten men. Lev is running. Have good assortmen pod with Bosch magneto and offe a year ago these drag saws sold fo L ?-?m* 4-Vi.nrvi of O Kior (11 C CI U U vig ^MVl. iliv ! * i V f 1921, our sales of ler than for the same r than for the same leriod, our sales, of . ? ? < * in 1920, and '6% lei there were approxi Cars in operation th? id? > OUSilircSS Id *3 ZO conclusively that? standing up in servi >air shops, to a degi onu nf Wni vw?? <u> v? poration of America. A. R. ERSKfNE, Pn TUDEBAKER CARS t've September 8th, JS21 lu Coupes and Sedans Light-Sis 2-pass. Coupe-Roadster Light-Six 5-pass. Sedan Special-Six 4-pass. Coupe Special-Six 5-pass. Sedan Big-Six 4-pass. Coupe Dig-Six 7-pass. Sedan - EQUIPPED WITH CORD TIRES r MOWER, ibutor Newberry, S. C. . for ton per cent, attorney's fec3 in ca.?e of collection of suit by an attorney and that in case of failure to pay either installment or any interest rlue thereon when due and payable the entire sum may become due and payable at once at option of the holder, with leave to the purchaser to anticipate the payment of the credit portian in whole or in part. The successful bidder shall be required to deposit with the master at once upon the acceptance of. his bid fifty ($50.00) dollars, for the two acre trar't. and one hundred ($100.00) dollars, for each of the other tracts as an evidence of good faith and in case he fails to comply with the terms of his bid within ten days after said sale, the master will resell said premises on some subsequent saleday at the risk of the former purchaser. n '' ? 1 ~ nop A? rurcnascr iu pay iui cue uiar.i..c> papers, revenue stamps and recording same. J. D. QUATTLEBAUM, Master. NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT I will make a final settlement of the ccfqfo of r F Srhiilt/ in the Probate court for Newberry county, S. CM on Saturday, the 26th day of Nov., 1921, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon and will immediately thereafter ask for my discharge as executor of said estate. All persons having claims against the estate of C. F. Schultz, deceased, ?re hereby notified to file the same duly verified, with the undersigned, and those indebted to said estate will please make payment likewise. W. S. SCHULTZ, Executor. N'ewberrv. S. C. 10-21-4tp. " * . , Z*. tting outfit, forced feed; a comiwing logs to any length. Does er control of blade while engine it of gasoline engines. All equipred at $100 each. A little over r $200 each and even more. , We e, but they must go. Price $100 Columbia J Supply Company Columbia, S. C. 823 West Gervais St. 4 1 1 ' ' ? Year ? Studeperiod period Repair ss than , 9 * mately an two a..? Uidii u / ice m ee ? X. AL esident % $1530 1850 2450 2530 2850 2950 9 * f. \ v?