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MILITARY SAPPING Origin of the Trench Work of the; Modern Battlefield. j DITCHES DUG BY PEASANTS. In the Micidie Aces Civilians Were Forced to Do the Labor to Which Soldiers Would Not Stoop?Sappers and Winers and Their Successors. In stories and reports of modern 1 battles the work ot the sappers is of- , ten mentioned. "To sap" or "sapping" i was an early way ot approaching a j strongly fortitied position by means of J a ditch. It was also a very early form j ot t re neb work. The fortified positions against which saps were employ j ^ ^ * K *-v rno I lei /vT A f I CU vv cic IOC sivuc ??aiio vt vaoiivo v/* vi cities. When the rnakiug ot cannon had not progressed so far that solid ?hot could j breach stone wails. Out when cannon were powerful enough to keep armed | men at bay or to destroy them, it became necessary to make au approach to the walled position in a way which was difficult to attack successfully and for which at that time no way of cheek ma ting had been thought of by the defenders. A narrow ditch was dug in the direction of the wall to be assailed. This ditch, which was wide enough for one man to dig in. was called a sap. the digger a sapper, and the end of the ditch toward the enemy " fha Ae fl>u loMriino cfltV. ? ao iuc oai'u^uu' iu\. (VMVAtugi ? ?.t. , per dug forward he protected himself ! and the saphead in various ways, usually by pushing a screen ahead of him. 1 This screen was or various forms, a ; bag of sand or a sheet of metal in- 1 clined to deflect arrows or gun shots. When the saphead had reached the desired point the ditch would i?e widened. the excavated earth forming a j parapet on eacb side. and the guns would be brought so close to the wall that they could not be reached by guns mounted on the wall, for in the times in which these conditions prevailed "walls were high and cannon crude and they could not be sufficiently depressed to reach an enemy at the foot of the wail. Sapping was usually done by peasants impressed or hired for that service, because soldiers in the armies of the middle ages were more skillful with weapons than with tools and the work of digging trenches was beneath ' their dignity, while it also savored of a disinclination to close with the enemy. even though that enemy was behind stone walls with cannon?cannon at which men armed with modern weapons would smile, but which in > their day were weapons of great effect, j Vauban. the great military enginee reuueu sapping uuu uiuupin u iuiu n i system by which any .fortified place j could be approached, reached, mined j and oreached. . v These saps after awhile were dug in ] ' a uuniber of ways. Many forms of the i approach trench were devised. Un- j covered trencnes were cut forward, deflected at rigbr angles and then cut forward to be again deflected further aJoug. each of these deflections from the straight course of the trench form ing a transverse for the protection of the trench. Some trenches were rooted in with timber and earth as they were cut forward, thus forming a bombproof covered way. Some saps were c*it or dug in the fashion of a tunnel, the surface of the eartb not being disturbed at all. Double saps or i numerous parallel saps were dug close j up to the position to be attacked. Mining ot castle aud city walls or i city gates is as old as the use of gun- | powder in war. and "undermining" of ' walls was practiced in war before the j use of gunpowder. When sapping had ! become systematized and generally em- j ployed in offensive operations against fortified positions the military work of ! sapping and mining was combined and ! tKr? r%Aooo ntc o r i lMMfuu ui uviuj; uwutr uj ^'racuuv?. i "civilian" labor was committed to spe- I cial troops. These troops became adept in this important work, and be- j cause of the extra labor involved, and The hazard of this duty these, called ! . sappers and miners, were given high- ' er pay than other troops ' As the years and the centuries went by other duties were put upon these troops?erection of field fort mentions, i erection of many forms of obstacles to impede an aggressive enemy and hold j him under fire at a known range, de- < struetion of bridges, construction of bridges, demolition of buildings and j ^ many other things. Gradually thesap-i 1 pers and m;uers' duties became greatly i enlarged and reOned, and in many j ' nrmies they came to be called engineers. In all armies every soldier today doe1* work that formerly fell to tbe laboring and hard working sappers. Every soldier today knows how to handle a pick and spade as well as to shoot a rifle, Distol. magazine gun or cannon. All J soldiers now dis trenches, gun pits and j 1 I the like, hut construction work, requiring higher technical training, is done by .the engineers, successors to the sap- | pers of old. In many kinds of eonstruc- ! rion the engineers may be aided by j troops of other branches and by civilians, hired or impressed. ? Washington j Star. An Old Story. - Subbnbs (arriving nome>? wen, aear, ; anything new happened today? " Mrs. Subbubs?The cook's gone. Subbubs? 1 asked you if there was anything new happened.?Boston Transcript. The world is a beantlfnl book, bnt of Uttle use to bim who cannot read it? GoidonL i SKIN OF THE FRUIT. j it !s W ise Not to Eat Apples or Peara Without Peeling Them. Some people say that an apple docs nor taste rigm waeii ine si;in is removed. Some even go so far as to sa> there is clanger in eating fruit that has come in contact with the steel of the paring knife, as the acid ia the fruit is apt to proilude some poison' when it comes in contact with tlie metal. But whether these things are true or not, thorn i< vtill " cuMtpr fl:iT !ror in H.nfins? apples without fueling them. The skin o" the apitle Luis always been more or k*ss infested with germs of different types, and now our mod ern methods of fighting insects oy spraying the trees are liable to leave poisonous deposits on it which will do our stomaehs serious harm. Arsenate of lead, lime and sulphur wash and a number of other spraying compounds used L>y fruit growers have boon found to remain in considerable i mtotititiac /mi rliu cl:in t*f ;innldc mid 1 pears until ripe and placed on the mar-j ket. The action of such chemicals' upon the tissues of the human body; is very injurious. Spraying the trees is giving us more perfect fruit and getting the grower better prices, but if you value your health you should never eat apples or pears without tirst removing the peels. ?Xew York American. NAPOLEON VALUED TIME. He Might Have to Lose Battles, but. He Would Not Lose Minutes. After forcing the army of Sardinia back toward Turin, Xapoleon had scarcely taken possession of tb< * eau tiful Palace Sulmatori, at ChjTasro thirty-tive miles from the Piedmon j tese capital, when an aged marshal j from the Sardinian side came, and in j formed the little general of the French j that the king was about to propose j terms of peace. "Terms!" shouted the young com- j mander iiv*.hief iu startling tones, asj he pounded the desk, "it is i who name. terms. If you don't accept them at i once Turin is mine tomorrow!" Although tlie directory, sitting in far away Paris, had reserved the right for themselves and their trained diplomat to ^accept or reject terms, the youug general could not delay operations for weeks while messengers were sent back and forth between the camp and the capital, so Bonaparte took it upon himself to arrange an armistice. He called a halt to all sparring for time by drawing out his watch and, tapping the dial with his forefinger, ordered them to sign immediately, remarking: "I may lose battles, but I will not lose minutes." ? Condensed From "In the Path of Napoleon.'' by James Mangan. His Indorsement. The late Lord Roberts once sent his orderly to the bank to cash a check, says Pearson's Weekly, and the clerk wanted it indorsed. "What for?" demanded the soldier. "Well, it's the rule, and I can't pay you the money until you do indorse it," he was told. "Ob. all right," grumbled the messenger. So he took back the check and bit the end of a pen in deep meditation for a minute or two. Then he wrote this: ?T haer tn mv thnr I hnrc? lcnnwn & l\' OUJ W ? ??v? w ??W .. __ Lord Roberts for several years, and be has proved himself times without number to be as brave as a lion, but always kind)} considerate to those who serve uude?- him. And I have, therefore, great pleasure in respectfully indorsing his check." Difficulties or pronunciation. What is the most difficult English place name for a foreigner to pronounce? That is a question suggested by a writer in the London Observer. He plumps for Southampton as the most difficult "port -of call" for the Frenchman bound for England. Obviously it cannot be spelled phonetically, as there is no "th" in French. We all have these little international difficulties. But the Frenchman gets over tlie sea to Southampton by calling it "Sudonton." "The Pear Is Not Ripe." Bourrienne asked Napoleon before the expedition started if be had really determined to his fate in Egypt "Yes," was the reply. "If i stay here I shall have to upset this miserable government and make Myself king. Rut wo must not think of that yet. The pear is not ripe, i have sounded, but the time is not yet come. I must tirst dazzle these gentlemen by my exploits."-Table Talk and Opinions of Napoleon Buonaparte. The Model Cook. "I hear that you have a college graduate for a cook. Isn't that very expensive?'" "Not very. She works for her board and clothes." "Why, how does she come to do that?" ? . . * i "Siie is my wiie." The Ever Present Casus Belli. Judge?What's the row between this man and womanV Policeman?You see, they're married and? Judge?Was there any other reason for the fight V? Philadelphia Ledger. Paradoxical. He?You have had a week now tr? j think over my proposal of marriage, j Shu?Yes: nirJ the more I think of it j the less I think of it?Boston Tran- j script Cynical Wit. r ocs limine :>vo r?>nmrf fl to snv bril- i liant bitter wonls alwmr people than to j say brilliant kiir.i wunis. The cynic's wit is easiest aiaji cheapest. SHEEP DOG TRIALS. Australia's National Pastime, the Maltese Cross Test. Sheep dog trials may be considered a national pastime if not a national or./iH- in A notMilia ThafA io u n it n k?pui L lii a.uoi; tuiti. x ugi g to uu uu nual agricultural show in every unvu j aud village iu the pastoral parts. There I are general competitions on tLie lines [ oi the American county and state | fairs. There are horse races, buck j jumping, shearing, log chopping ana other strenuous competitions. Hut not one ot these excites more interest than the sheep d<>u trials, and in these tests : Australians nave set tlie example ot j certain of tlie most serious tasks that ' a man and ;i dog may be asked to ae coniplish with three strange sheepsheep that had never previously met until they had a moment before been turned out from three separate pens j to be packed or gathered together by the dog. I It was the Australians who fir?t put forward, and they still maintain it. the Maltese cross test. The eight six-foot hurdles are set in the shape of a Maltese cross. The passages a re of a width that will'permit only one sheep to pass through at a time. The animals have to be driven north and south and east and west, all the passes being open at ! the time. The skill and patience of the dog are here tried to the utmost, and there can be little wonder there is a gasp of satisfaction and a cheer of joy when the sheep have been successfully driven through these narrow ways. The Australian sheep dogs are the smallest in use in the world, but are quick and lively in their work. It Is no wonder that the Australian gives much thought for his dogs, for it goes j without saying tb;it the work of the j sheep station could not be accomplish-! ed without them. In ordinary cases j it is reckoned that one dm; can do the 1 wor& or La It a dozen men. In many instances a dog is superior to fifty humans, and where there are such vast j flocks of nimble sheep, such as the j uierinos in Australia are, it would be ! impossible to round them up so that " they may be examined, counted and i duly looked over without the dogs.? j Argonaut. LAWS OF THE INCAS. A Code That Was Remarkable For Its Beneficent Simplicity. Among the most remarkable laws of the Incas were those concerning taxation. The principal feature of those c laws was that taxes were not paid in | j money, but in work and in produce, t whether manufactured or grown. The . In<\n emperor3 thought it unjust to de- 1 mand that taxes should be paid in any Jc kind of commodity that the people could not produce by their own personal labor. Tbe people also paid another sort of tribute. They made clothes, shoes and arms for the soldiers and for the poor who could not work themselves owing to age or infirmity. The cloth was " made of wool from the flocks of llamas that abounded in the mountains. On > the plains of the seacoast, where the! ? ' - rt.n nwi nn/) fhnfl n At /ImCO I - I'llliliaic ll* ?ai lli auu iucj uu uui umo in woolens, the i>eople made cotton cloths, the cotton being supplied from the crops of the emperor. The shoes \ were made In the provinces where c aloes were most abundant, for they j were made of the leaves of a tree called majruey. fcaoh province furnish ed its own produce, and no province c bad to supply anything that did not be- ' Jong to it ( There was a mandate that forbade ] t>eggary and destitution; that of course, ? l'ollowed upon due provision of their laws. Every citizen was provided for theoretically and practically. No man need be idle; no man need lack land or j S>etHJ or iut*nt? iur vunivauv/u, ^ t herefore no one was permitted to beg. ( If any were found doing so it was clear proof of idleness, for the incapable were provided for, and contempt 1 and punishment were meted out on all tramps, vagabonds and idlers.?"The Secret of the Pacific." "For the Sja?e ot Argumenir "Well, now, for the sake ot argu-! rnent"? Is there a more irritating j phrase? Is there any greater bore than i the person who habitually employs it?! To be asked to assume anything "just i for the sake of argument" invariably; prejudices us against making that concession. We sit grim lipped while the controversialist assumes and expounds. We feel that to oblige nun we would .not even assume that two and two make four.?Youth's Companion. An Unsolved Problem. "How, sir, is it possible." demanded, counsel of a bankrupt who was under-1 going bis public examination, "to live in the luxurious style you have affect-! ed on ?40 a year?" "That," replied the bankrupt, "is a; problem to which 1 have devoted con-1 siderable time in the interests of so- j cial economy, and the results of my | humble efforts are now before the} court"?London Mail. ; Plenty of Collars. A young man went into a clothing: store and asked for a collar. The! clerk waited on him and said: "They j are 15 cents each, two for 25 cents.! W ont f*TT* t\ V" Tlie young man replied. "'No, I havei plenty ut collars, but they are both in ! the laundry."?Indianapolis News. Came Natural. Bacon?They say that the president; of the hank who got away with a loti of the money hecan his career as jani-j tor of the Institution. Egbert?Never forgot his early training to clean out ' J V CfO tAC?_ me Dans, eviueii ujr.-~ ivutxeia jwtvir rnaii. 1 HAVE YOO f A CHILD? Many women long for children, but because of some curable physical derangement are deprived of this greatest of all happiness. The women whose names follow were restored to normal health by Lydia e. Pink'nam's Vegetable Compound. Write and ask them about it. Pggg "I took j'our Com|p! pound and have a fint*, Jpjjjjjstrong baby." ? Mrs. I John Mitciieli. Mas- 1 sena' N-Y: " Lydia E. Finkham's ! Vegetable Compound is a j '^PP% wonderful medicine fcr j . expectant mothers. *'? j Mk Jg Mrs. A. 11. llYEivo, Gor- i c IMftdravilie'Mo' "I highly recommend Lydia E. Pinkham's Veg etabie Compound before e HiWTl JSill child-birth, it has done so ii|^ l||f|| much for me."?Mrs. E. t Plrjill M. Doerr, R. R. 1, Conshohocken?Pa d Hn&iiip ''1 took Lydia E'Pink" i: M/V* ham's Vege,table ComWSn'Z* pound to build up my 1 ^ Jpll system ar.d have the I Iljlgjik /iilji dearest naoy giri in tne world."? Mrs. Mose * m v.^ni'. - Blakeley, Coalport, Pa. . ' tfffihiitif fl "I praise the Com- Pounc^ whenever I have , a chance. It did so much | |ii|i ^ jf|; fcr me before my little wtem was ^?rn*''?MrsE. W. Sanders, RowlesbUr?' W* V?L n r j. _ _ i. /-i . X IUUK yuuf V^UIIIpound before baby was ( ||ip~Cr$|j? born and feel I ewe my i |||| ? J|IS life to it. "?Mrs. Winnie (c I I' Tillis, Winter Haven, I j KMriY^^ijisHFlorida. [ CHICHESTER S PILLS j; THE DIAMOND BRAND. A I t Lndlost Ask yonr Dpujjclftt for A\ i\ Chl-ches-tCP8 Diamond Iirand/iW ! t nils in Red and Gold nsetallic^^^X ? ?boxes, scaled with Blue Ribbon. \/ c i ^ ?W| Tate no other. Buy of your * / ~ (jf Druggist. AskforClII-CIIES-TERS t (- Jfr DIAMOND BRAND PILLS, for 25 'C* ftjj years known as Best, Safest, Always Reliable { ~v?r SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE ; NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT. | J Notice is hereby given that the un- ? lersigned as Guardian of Thomas M. ^ tellers, a minor, will make final set- ( lement on the estate of said minor ( n the probate court for Newberry i county on February 19, 1915, at 11 * )'clock in the forenoon and immed - i ately thereafter apply for letters cusnissory as such guardian. iAII persons loluing claims against said estate will jresent same, duly attested, before < hat date and all persons indebted to!-, ;aid estate will make payment. j x J. L. Fellers, ! { Guardian. January 16, 1913. Asks Cooperation. ! I have received the appointment as iome demonstration agent of the girls' :anning club of Newberry county., Realizing the wonderful possibilities o be unfolded in my field of labor 1 'annot hope to accomplish these alone. 1 rhe goal can only be reached by co>peration from each and every one. shall gladly render any service at i inv time. Willie Mae Wise, i Collaborator. j Piles Cured In 6 to 14 Days ?our druggist will refund money if PAZO 5INTMENT fails to cure any case of Itching, < ~ 1 * -r*- ? *.?? Di'loo in Hind, iJieeamgor rrun umug * ... ~ ., , The first application gives Ease and Rest. 50c. * Wake up be The Bell Telephone is Ring up on the Bell. You may talk about your breath but it won't breath to talk into your Be Ring up old customers, of prospects, there is no ( saves more time or expens< If you haven't a Bell Call the Business office for SOUTHERN BELL T) AND TELEGRAPH BOX 1(53, COL YOUR CORN WILL VANISH I n a few days if yen will use our cyrn j :ure as directed. And going to the i ither extreme our scalp lorion will : ; emove dandruff just as quickly ana j iffectivelv. Those are only two of he good things to be had at this \ !ng store. We'll tell you the others f you ask. rWiin TXUjr V/O JL/lUg UiVLV 'hone 133. \>Tewberry, S. C. i I ' jreat Kidney Remedy Saves Two Children in Onfe Family About one year ago two off my children suffered badly from vteak kidleys. They would have severe spells )f dizziness and were all rijin down in -.ealtii. I was just about discouraged. tried several remedies i^nd finally i doctor, but they did not s&em t. .ui?rove. I knew of a friend who was akine Swamp-Root for kidney trouble vith good results and I decided to get some for the children. I had noticed hat there was some improvement afer tney had taken two large bottles md continued to give it to them until ;hey had taken one-half dozen bottles md were well on the road to recovery. [ think Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root has lone more for my children than any )ther medicine I have tried and re iommend it to anyone having children hat suffer as min<3 did. Very truly yours,' R. W. Lisenbv, Dothan, Ala., Personally appeared before m<i, tfris >~. *3 Tiiltr 1 QAQ D W* T .ionnhr iiiu uajf ui juii, ?0\jx/, j.1.. ?? . jiiotuvj, ;vho subscribed to the above state*nent and made oath that the same is rue in substance and fact. A. W. Lisenby, Xctary Public. i Letter to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Bingbamton, >\ Y. Prove >VIiat Swamp-Root Will Do for You. Send ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., for a sample size will also receive a boooklet of valuable information, telling about the Sidneys and bladder. When writing be sure and mention The Herald and News. Regular titty-cent ana onedollar size bottles for sale at all drug stores. I isffi#ss! the Big Ben of Business. dull times 'till you lose help matters, save your 11 T plpnhonp. , then start on a fresh list quicker way ? none that * ** Telephone, get one now. rates. GLEPHONE ifm\ COMPANY Uplli/ x^^rED UMBIA, S. C. AUDITOR'S MTICE. J _ j I or an authorized agent will be at the following places for the purpose of taking returns of personal property for the fiscal year, 1915. Newberry January 1, to January 7. Whitmire, Thursday, January 7. Glenn Lowry Manufacturing Co., -Friday, January S. K.inards, Saturday morning, January ^ 9. ^ -Xewlerry, Saturday afternoon, January b, and Monday, January 11. Jolly Street, Tuesday, January 12. J'oinaria, Wednesday, January 13. .vittle Mountain, Thursday, January 1 Prosperity, Friday, January 15. I Newberry. Saturday January 16. Longshores, Monday, until 12 o'clock a. m. January IS. Silverstreet, Monday afternoon, January IS. Chappells, Tuesday, January 19. P. X. Boozer's Store. Wednesday, g January 20. | St. Lukes. Thursday, Januj^pSl. O'Xealls." Friday, January 22. Newberry, Saturday, January 23. Si Maybinton, Monday, January 25. ^ And at Newberry until February 20th * inclusive, after which date a penalty of 50 per cent, will be added against all persons, firms and corporations failing ^ A to make returns. j I refer you to Sec. 299 of the Code 1 o'f Laws of South Carolina. "Every , person required by law to list property shall annually, between the first day of January and the 20th day -f February, make out ';nd deliver to the auditor of the county in which * the property is, by law, to be returned for taxation, a statement, verified by oath, alj of the real estate wlifcfr has been ?1 | sold or transferred since the Jast ; listment of property for v hich lie was . ; ? responsible, and to whom, and of all the personal property possessed bj him, or under his controll, on the lstJp?? day of January of each year, either ag?|||| owner, agent, parent, fcusband, guarfl||ji dian, executor, administrator, trus^^B^B receiver, officer, partner, facto^Hiii^l^^j holder, with the value thereof, 1st day of January, at t)':e plac?Sf|^^^ turn, estimated according to tl*l|||lH^8 prescribed by law: Provided, returns of the following a^r^||i|P^^H products, to wit: Corn, cott<MSBSH||J|j oats, rice, peas and long on the day specified by \ the amounts actually ojfl l (l xlf^" ^ August 1st, immediate^^Wliij^^ffl^^? the date of said return :M ed further, That this tc such products as ail j ; [lJj the hands of the produceB^|f|^^P||^?j Which statement shall The number of horses naanaigmaawM Ue* W The number of neat cattie sM jgram ialue.' Tfte number ol mules and'assel?||Sffl their value. lij m The number of sheep and goats an^BM their value. ?||| TV- ^ nmViQr r\f Vl rkcrc and th P?T n he. value o-f gold and silver platfljlKj and number of goM and silver and their value. WfaMiM The number of pianofortes, maRSBS eons, and cabinet organs and B|SSiS value. The number of carriages, bugH^I^S wagons, carts, drays, bicycles, andB^lw? tomobiles and their value. Number and value of dogs. . I The value of groods, merehand^HQI moneys, and credits, pertaining to business as a merchant. WluM The value of materials received, ufl fl ed or provided to be used in his busiVffl ness as a manufacturer. {||iS The value of machinery, en?ines?S tools, fixtures and implements usedB^H j or provided to be used in his busine^^^ffi i? ~ onr? oil .nn-aniifi!' I HZ) <X illdiiuiavtui v.1 , u.u.vj. -^MsaiiwTE ; ed articles oil hand one year or mor^^^J T;e value of moneys, including ban*!? bills and circulating notes. The value of all credits. The value of investments in stocks of any company c^r corporation out of thid c^rarr evee-nt. National banks. <liii The value of all investments in botfds, except bonds of the United States and this State expressly exempted from taxation. j The value of all other property, including household furniture." All nrie persons between tfae ages J * X ? ~ 3 - ?^4. ^ j of 21 to bu years, except, ^unj.euera.t.e ? ' soldiers, 01* those persons incapable 1 of earning a support from being maim- J ed or from any other cause, are liable ? to pay poll tax of one dollar. j ! The law requires a tax on all gross ! incomes in excess of $2500. Do not ask that your property be I taken from the tax duplicate the same ! as last return. Name of township : and school district must be given. 1 Eugene S. Werts, j County Auditor. Attention Pens/oners. ! I will be in the auditors omce every , i Saturday during the month ci January | to rece've applications. The hoard is called to meet the first j i Monday in February and March to j j consider these applications. f J. W. Reagin, J Chairman. 11-5-td. _ i