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STORIES OF FLAGS) Urigins ot borne or the tmDiems of European Nations. THE TRICOLOR OF BELGIUM. Jt Was Originally the Standard of the i-? _ a r> i j. /-> i ^ ~ L/UCny OT Drsodni.?^urrijjicA vuiurs of Austria and the Flags of Germany, j France, c.ngland and Russia. Prior to tne Kramro-Prussian war ot j 1870 the German emoire was lirtie | ' more ttiaii a group ot scattered states, j When tbev coiubined into a single em { pire. However, traces ot all tiieii dags were eomoiiitd m tfce resultant stand j ard. To he sure, the colors of Prussia? , black and wime?aua the Prussian i eagle euter ver\ largely into it, but it j must be remembered that this country became at that time the bead and ruler of all tbe others. Besides the smaller states, there were also the flags of East and West Prussia to be inHnried. That of West Prussia was black, white, black, three stripes of equal diameter, running the length ot the flag. That of East Prussia con sisted of two such stripes, the upper black and the lower white. The I 'v* imrvAHinl nOrt? AAOCl^tC I JttCfci KJ L LJJtr lUi^CliUl UU ? J ot three borlzontal stripes, the upper black, the middle white and the lower red. The much prized iron cross (dating back to the end of the twelfth century) is in the center. This red stripe annpnrs in the final war ensisrn of the .. empire, in which the tricolor (black, white, red) appears in the tipper quar- j # ter, with the iron cross upon it, while the remaining tnree-quarters are wbite. ; with the royal arms in the center. A -*?- f K/v trrh/il/\ Ho or infn i UIUCK truss UJV1U? li-ic I) UUIC iuiv quarters. Tbe flag of Austria is a very com-j plex affair. To begin with, tbe various ; Austrian provinces have their own j flags. Bohemia is red white, Tyrol is white-red, Dalmatia is blue-yellow, ua- j Jicia is blue-red. Croatia is red-white-; blue and Istria is yellow-white-blue. Then again, Austria-Hungary being a; dual monarchy, both Austria and Hun-i gary must be separately represented? and fully?on the flag. Fortunately, ? j J ! this combination was renuereu luuic, easy by the fact that portions of the | flags of both countries' were already j the same. Thus, the Austrian flag was \ red-white-red. the Hungarian was redwhite-green. Compromise was effect i-i ed by dividing the lowest nonzontai | stripe in two. and leaving half red; wbile the remainder was green. The arms of both countries also appear on*: the flag. This was decided upon March 6,18G9. imnon'?l ct-onHfli-fl nf thf? f>5inr flf J. UC <LU[;ciiUi OlCiUVl^lU VA v?x/ all the Russias is of brilliant yellow, in the center of which is a large double headed black eagle. This flag dates from the year 1472, when Ivan the Great married Sophia, a niece of Con stantlne Palaeoiogus, aDd thence assumed the arms of the Greek empire. On the breast of the eagle is an es cotcheon bearing on its red field in sil ver the figure of St. George slaying the dragon, the whole being surround ed by the collar of the Order ot St Andrew. On the displayed wings of the eagle are other shields bearing , the arms of Kiev. Novgorod, Vladimir, Kusan, etc. The Russian union | ^kjack is very similar to that of Eug and. save that the principal crossbars jjfce blue instead of red. This is the Bll known Russian war flag. The Boss is that of St Andrew, the patron Mkint of Russia. The well known tricolor of France ^ L mm made up of three stripes? blue. I - - >- 'i ! ^^"hite and red? running nor we leujau. Wbot the width ot the flag. It dates Bfrom the era of the French revolution Rand came into existence in 1789 It ^Hbas been the national flag since, with ^Bbat slight variations. In 1794 the tri^Bpdor was also made the jack of the Trench navy. B The union jack of Great Britain is Kromposed of the three crosses of St f George. St. Patrick'and St. Andrew j That of the first was a broad red cross, j -3- ? ;J1?~ -nhitn Hin intn t'mir WhitP I aiv 1UJUX nil- nunc * squares: the white cross of St An- I (drew, od a Dine Daokcrround. ran from ; corner to corner diagonally, wtiile the; red cross of St. Patrick ran in the same j f direction. It the union jack oe exam L Ined it will be found to be composed j A ot these tbree crosses, as stated. The i M flag was first unfurled in 1S01, on the j y anion in that year ot Great Britain 1 {England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland. ? The flag of Belgium is composed ot a tricolor?black, yellow and red?running up and down?that is, the width ' il-- 1 ? 'v* tKo flaor Thp 2X1(1 DO! T Sit* ifll^LU yjt. iuc uu^. ? ? royal standard has the arms placed in the center of the yellow strip. This was adopted as the national flag in ; 2831, being originally the colors of the : duchy of Brabant ? From 1477 until 1506 Belgium be, longed to Austria, but on the latter date it fell into the hands of Spain. In 1795 and for some years following it was held by France, and in 1814 i was handed over to the Prince of Orange, but in 1830 the Belgians rose against the Hollanders and established ; their independence. The tiag which is j now flowr. was then adopted.?Wash-; . ington Post | ? L Why She Liked it. Anna?How do you like being engagB td to Jack? Agnes (a literary girl)? ^^Aph. It's wonderful! The dear fellow i Brails me a poem, envelops me In his ^Arms and seals with a kiss!?Judge. Life is a little gleam of time between two eternities.-Carlyle. TRACING COUNTERFEITERS. The Secret! Service Agents Have a j Speec/ily Effective System. Some tiiiiW ;m<i one ot the local brinks cuiijcijt during tlie clay a coun- 5 terteit ten d'jiiar r>ili it was sucti a J | ciever I'uuiin-'iifn it ??iuu i j b?>cly hut an export. The next day ten |t or fifteen more of the had hills were ' r found in the city. i c Then the svtveriiment's machinery to ! ^ r"'?tu/.r its; * !! rVMti fl tlt'lT:!!! Il> WOI'lv i. i iw - - (V But there \\vas nothing i:ivsteni?u> ! 1 i .* ' about its worKin^. !n the otfire of tlit* ,* t senvt servuje line ;tu utJiriai s:tt ah j j at'ternoou smokirm and i<?okmjt at spe<*- j j 1 mens of co'unierteit currency. iiuge j f clouds of srtioUe rose from his pipe. ! ; That Kept u>p all day. The reader of !?. detective tales wbo believes the secret service woifks in a mysterious way t would haveUieen distinctly disappoint- t ed. Hut atjlast tbe pipe drupped from j the lips of Jtbe man sitting at tlie desk \ 1 in tiiii fiiiliirol Knilflinnr with n tvhnlp 1 i 1X1 '? " "?*v 1 pile of greenbacks in front of bim. Qe ! \ took up ftfvo bills and compared tbem { carefully . / Then be studied tbem again. 1 \ noting evfery little curve and character- j I Istic mafk. He stepped to the tele- i phone and called the United States I prison at Leavenworth. ' j "Was' .lames Ward, alias Stewart [ alias tfolan, in prison?" i No. James of the two aliases had i been out six months. Then telegrams I t went put to certain officers in ceifain j i cities.- How they located James Ward | i the government keeps as a secret, i i Later the counterfeiter was arrested at j t Springfield. 111., and his outfit for rais- ; ing bills was found with him. | s Andrlso auother counterfeiter was 1 i-T , ....... Cf^T.T : 1 caugiu- aiiu I'ui urn no" : was it done? Simple enough?if you i belong 5to the secret service. Every ; t counterfeiter fins some distinguishing I ( characteristic in his work, some little f curve or break in a line that gives him i away. The secret service agent com j 1 pared the new counterfeit with dozens : 1 of old counterfeits. At last he found { ' the telltale distinguishing characteris-1 ? tic. And the rest was easy. i t James of the two aliases and a i 1 counterfeiting device had served three terms betore. So there was plenty of his samples.?Kansas City Times. STOCKBROKERS OF PARIS. ??. -r-i r-_:i T1 A l..?.inklu ' wnen i ney rcui i ?c/ r\ic m?ai mua/ Treated as Criminals. i An agent change (Paris stock- j , broker) can under the rule of the code ' of commerce never be adjudged bank- j rnnt Dure and*siruDle, his insolvency i . always involving1 more or less criminal ' responsibility. In the absence of j fraud the penalty is hard labor for a j term, but in case of fraud the punish- j ment is no lesaihan hard labor for , ! life. j 1 TQe pUDUC, lowever, uevei suueia from the insolvency of an Egent de j * change, because his liabilities, no mat- ; ' ter what they amount to, are always ! taken care of and liquidated in full by j 1 the other members of the corporation,! who contribute obligatorily each year j to a sort of insurance fund or reserve i for this purpose. Besides, each of ( them must before being appointed j make a deposit of 250,000 or 300.000 J francs at the treasury, which allows i * them an interest of 2*4 per cent. i 1 An agent de change, according to section 85 of the code of commerce. ; I must not transact any commercial or ( hanking business for his own account 1 He must have no financial interest in : < i ?ntpmrisp>. whether in i his own name or under an assumed 1 name. He cannot even receive pay- j ment or settle any account on behalf J of his clients. The penalty for the vio- j ' lation of this rule may be a fine of j ' 3,000 francs and> eventually the dis- > i missal of the offender.?Exchange. j '< I Wires Near Houses. The sight of a man trimming a tree j suddenly falling to the ground, killed j by a shock from an electric wire j against which the branches were i blown, leads Philip B. Edelman to ' suggest in the Scientific American that not nearly enough care is taken in J stringing high power wires to keep I 1 them far away from trees, barns and 1 houses. Mr. Edelman says that every : municipality should require high voltage wires to be separated from all [ neighboring objects by a distance of , 1 ?*- 1 r* crh?- n?> rpn fppf_?Xew LIU I ICICS lUUL'i ? York World. A Rebuke. "Mary followed Edward," mumbled : the high school girl who was trying to fix the sovereigns of England in her ; mind. "What's that?" spoke up grandma, 1 who had been dozing. "Mary followed Edward." "Then you keep away from Mary. I 1 don't want you to go with them kind. 1 to orn+fincr t An hnlflT,01liSVille i \JlLiO IO ww ?/" -v? - ? - | Courier-Journal. Worried. "That dog of Black's will be the .ipnth of me. barking at me every time I pass." "But barking dogs don't bite." ] "I know, but I'd rattier be bitten at , once than kept in suspense."?Phila delphia Ledger. i ( Heard at the Hay Baler. "A good laugh is sunshine in the home," remarked the proverb dispen- i ser. "Yes," rejoined the hopeless idiot, "but at that it isn't as stable as a horse laugh, wnat?" ? liiuianapous Star. A Squelcher. I He (feeling his way)?Would von get married if you were I? She?I don't i believe I could?if I were you.?Boston | Transcript. FROZEN FOODS. Iknd Why Care Should Be Exercised In J Eating Thawed Fish. Meat will stay fresh if kept at a i :emperature of 32 degrees F. Not do Hsh. Putrefaction is due to two causes? nicro-organisms, wtiict) are present ev;rywhere, and certain ferments nor nally contained in tbe flesh, wbicb ause changes in composition and flavor. A temperature of 32 degrees checks the action of the former, but las little effect upon the latter. In the . ase of meat this has merely a "ripen ng" effect that improves the flavor md does no harm, but iD the case or ish. it maKes tue oesu uisit; uisa^icc , ibJe, although it may not be unwbole;ome. This is why fish that is not market- j ?d perfectly fresh is frozen. In prae- j ice 25 degrees F. is regarded as the { )roper temperature for storing frozen ish. Oysters should not be frozen, and ! < 10 hoiH th;jt thpv mav be kept sis I .veeks at a temperature of 40 decrees. I A bulletin of the United States de)artment of agriculture speaks as folows of the possible dangers from eatng fish: "The formation of ptomaines quite renerally, although not always, accomrmf-rofnrfion fbeinsr createst, it /UiiltO pUVfc ^ w s said, in its early stages), and there- I 'ore great care sbouid be taken to eat ish only when it is in perfect condi- j ion. Fish which has been frozen and. ifter thawing, kept for a time before t is cooked is especially likely to con J :ain injurious ptomaines. *'-n general it may be said that tisti I "? ' ^ ^2 I ;hould be considered nutn ior iouu .Then the eyes have lost their sheen. :he cornea is somewhat cloudy, the rills pale red. when blubber shows at :he gills. when the scales are dry or yasily loosened or when the meat is so soft that if pressed with the finger the r.i "ntation remains Laving fish in ! I svater has been recommended as a ! ueans of judging of their condition. , i- mnr iu? considered I 1 L5U>tf ** Ui\ u .^uiu mdecomposed and wholesome, while hose which are decomposing wil! 3oatM PERSIA'S DEVIL PLANT. t Is Death to the Animal It Unps wixn ] Its Claws. The devil plant they call it in Persia, ind well they may. for it is more dead \y to the flocks and herds that play so important a part in their life than is the loco weed to the herds of our southwestern states. It is in the fail that the devil plant ?ets in its deadly work. The flowers ?ive place to seed pods with great oelly like capsules and long, stiff claws like those of a beast of prey. These are hidden under the brown and yel low leaves, and when a grazing animal; ?a sheep, a camel, a wild ass or an ! sntelope, for example?browses among j the foliage the claws book themselves j into its nostrils. The animal tries to rub them off, but the more it rubs the deeper it forces the clawlike hooks Into its skin. Its throat becomes so inflamed that it can neither eat nor 3rink, and consequently it dies of star ration aaa pain. The animal's body lies in the open and decays, and into the decomposing flesh the hundreds of black seeds con - - i- _ A Gained in the capsules or ine ciaweuj pod are discharged, for it seems that *arth is not rich enough for them and only in decayed flesh can they find ?nough nourishment Drivers of caravans curse the devil plant, for it may cost them many ot their beasts when these are turned loose to graze at night. But most of the semiwild beasts that graze in tne country have learned to avoid it. even as the American herds have learned to ivftid tbc deadly loco weed.?New York World. End of the Locomotive. When railroad locomotives have i served their time of usefulness or are " ^ i t>adly damaged through accidents tuey ire ordinarily scrapped and disposed jf as salvage. This at least is the practice followed by many of the companies which turn over their obsolete equipment of this kind to firms which junk it. After t4ie sheeting is removed ; from the sides of the locomotive tue ?utfring is done with oxyac-etylene torches. Castings, malleable iron and the different grades of metal are separated is the work proceeds.?Popular Mechanics. Independence. "Johnny," queried the teacher, "do you know the meaning of independence?" "Yes, ma'am," answered the little fellow. "It's when you don't owe nobody nothin' an' can look 'em in the - * it ? 'w/n 4-r\ K1q700 OHi eye ana ten exu lu >-u v? :*ago News. Handed Him a Jolt. Sapleigh?They say one should learn from the mistakes he has made and from the foolish things he has done. Miss Keen?If you followed that adice, Mr. Sapleigh, you would be one nf the brightest men on earth.?Boston Transcript A Financier. "Why did you give that SK) you owed me back before the entire com pany?" "So as to re-establish my credit with the others."?Philadelphia Ledger. Worse Off. Clerk?I would like to marry, Mr. Broker, but on my salary I cannot. Junior Partner?Well. I cou'd on your Rninrv. but I can't on my sru:e of the profits.?Chicago News. P?e sure to put your fee" in the right place, then stand firm.?Lincoln. SE.EI) FOK BREAD SENDS WHEAT IT I I Three Million BusheN Bought in One Day ior Old World Consumption. IJMcago, .Jan. 4.?Europe's need of bread resulted today in spectacular j buying ol wheat and caused new war j prices here. It was pointed out,; howei.er, \) at the highest quotation! today, $1.34 ?;-4. for May delivery was | still roundly ."u cents a bushel under j the iprice forced here in 1S9S by j Tcsc.ph Leitcr. during a period of! worldwide peace?$1.8.". )Ihe upturn apparently had nttie,; if any, effect on 'armers. Country j offerings were decidely meagre, as | they have been for some time. Although the prime impetus for high prices today came from seeming- j ly unlimited export demand, there | was no doubt that t-e public bought j wheat heavily, especially in the last l hour of the session. L\'ilers, too, were I said to be anxious buyers, fearing that the tremendous export call would leave them short of supplies. Roughly the total sales to Europe today in the United Staes were estimated at 3,000,000 bushels. Of this, 750,000 bushels was known to be for the re lief o? the Belgians. Experienced observers failed to notice any unusual excitement on the exchange. The one striking fact was the steady absorption- of every bushel j 0.: wheat offered. Talk among brokers centred almost j wholly on the idea tliat for the pres-; ent the United States was virtually j hf. on 1 v hie exnortins: ration. Xo- I body seemed to look for an immedi- i ate opening of the Dardanelles, and j it seemed to be taken as a certaintty ? ! with prcr.ibitive vessel rates Argentina \ would be unable to take care even j of contracts already made, especially j with Italy, where embarrassment will \ be serious if large amounts expected ; prior to March 1 from Argentina are I not received as bargained for. I ! Highest Since War Began. St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 4.?May wheat j reached $1.31 7-8 on the Merchants' j exchange here today, the highest | price recorded for wheat since war i began. The increase was attributed to heavy exiport demand and to the elimination of Argentine competition j as a result of high ocean rreignt raies. j Washington, Jan. 4.?Represent?.- j tive Gardner, urging iiis proposal to j investigate the nation's' military preparedness, told the house military committee today that the ''entire field army, militia, regulars and all of the United States would just about garrison Paris, and the United States today owns "little more t;':.an half o the number of guns Russia had at the battle of Aftkaen/' ',I- ^ ^ ^ ^ Vio/3 a cori Ac of H V P1V I LVir. iijrai unci iio.u t* w. ... ?. passages with members of the committee, which he arraigned for not summoning Gens. !\Yk>od and Crozier, to get their views on preparedness, j He quoted -figures to snt*w uiai mr combined forces of regulars and National Guardsmen would form a battle line 65 miles long, two-third of the way aroound Greater New York, and i: at compared with European nations the equipment oif field guns of the United States army was negligible. j .Mr. Gardner said he understood a col' identia! report at the war departmor-.f oai i <r?mo nf thp French field j lliciil CU1U iiiv^ V/ < ? ? w ? - _ guns daily shot away 500 to 600 rounds. Eight American field guns, he said, could shoot away ammunition as fast as government arsenals could make it. [Secretary Garrison, he said, had directed army officers ixst to voUmteer any statements and that he doubtless was acfing in sympathy .with "White House ideas.'' > A^?raiATi s Mi WIH FOROLDPEOPLE Mrs. Hutchison?Eighty-One Yooro niri Uses Mo oth-! I VUIU WIVi www ... ? er Tonic but Vinol and Recommends It to Friends. Greenville, S.C.?"It is with pleasure I tell others of the great benefit I have derived from Vinol, for the past several; years. I am 81 years eld and I find Vi- j nol gives me strength, a healthy appe- j tite and overcomes nervous disorders, i Vinol is the only tonic reconstructor I j I have used for several years. I have i I recommended it to a great many of my i j friends and it has always proved satis-! ! ??? mrs ivr A. Hutchison.! xav^uvi. j. ? ... Greenville, S. C. Such cases as the above are constantly: j coming to our attention. If people in ; i this vicinity only realized how Vinol in- j vigorates old people we would not be; able to supply the demand. i It is the tissue building, curative ele-; ments of the cod's livers, aided hy the; blood making strengthening properties of tome iron contained in Vinol, that . mni-M ca GTveppssfnl in building un IJLiiGtxvt j t w uw _ ^ strength for old people, delicate chilI dren and for all run-down conditions. I Vino! is also a most successful remedy I for chronic coughs, colds and bronchitis, i If it fails to benefit any one who tries ; it. we return your money. r Blank Resolve this year t record of your busmen a Ledger is false ecoi ? Q line of blank books. The House ot Leaky rubber goo and never a comfort We guarantee all rubber to give satis:! refund your money. Mn^roc nvnfppf". v giu v V/u cvy www J cleaning with stroi soapy water? GILDER & \ The Right D i jji BackaeheM Miss Myrtle Cofhrum, II11 : i|J ?*Russellville,Ala.,says: IIII KJK "For nearly a year, I suf- 1X1 t fered with terrible back- X? . I ache, pains in my limbs, I ||| and my head ached nearly 1191 1 j doctor treated me, but g ?11 9 g uniy gave me iciupuicu j 3 6 8 3 [ 11 relief. I was certainly in g ? g || bad health. My school j I teacher advised me to I if I 1 j TAKE i|| VUI UU1 I I The Woman's Tonic 11! I took two bottles, in all, -and was cured. I shall | g 1 always praise Cardui to 1 | t I sick and suffering wo- f | ? gmen." If you suffer from III! pains peculiar to weak I women, such as head- II ache, backache, or other t symptoms of womanly | fa I g trouble, or if you merely | J need a tonic for that tired, ||J| nervous, worn-out feel- 1 ing, try Cardui. e-65 $||b s The Quinine That Does Not Affect The Head Because of its tonic and laxative effect, LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE is better than ordinary Quinine and does not cause nervousness nor 0 ringing in head. Remember the full name and ! look for the signature of E. W. GROVE. 25c. ! d Invigorating to the Pale and Sickly J j i The Old Standard general strengthening tonic. : GROVE'S TASTELESS chill TONIC, drives out ' , Malaria.enrichestheblood.andbuildsapthesys- : ! lem. A true toi:ic. For adults and children. 50c 1 Books o keep a complete ss. Doing without lomy. I have a full * J See my window. f rL5' Store 1,000 Things. - j _ ___ . nvmni mfS IBbMJH ' e 4jhA?<Iwu tai/stioaM f t/iafr twnl | ((rt tfu/i4t: J B 5 - ll \ 3 x ' ds are a nuisance " " V-~" vJ N [ our articles of X ilj faction or we will Ever try rubber our hands when ig solutions and / t WEEKS Jl N . O . 'rug store. / LADIES POLITELY ASKED I [nyited to Remore Hats in the Pastime Theatres. S'ews and Courier. Acting on many requests; the Pas :ime Amusement company is appealing to the gentler sex to remove hats n the .Victoria, Princess and l-VIajes:ic theatres. Slides witn th? caption 'Hats Off, Please,'' are being shown on :he screens in the theatres and the nanagement is hopeful that the ladies viii cheerfully comply with the kind nvitation. At night shows ladies who prefer to ceep on their hats are respectfuly incited to take seats in the last fifteen rows and at matinees to take ieats on one side <yf the theatre. It appeal s that the complaints that too nany hats are worn in the t?-eatres do lot come wholly from masculine parons, but that many ladies have per ;onally addressed the management on he subject. The management of the Pastime heatres is hopeful that the compli- . ^ mce with the suggestion will -be genral and that uone of its fami'iine parous will consider t)':e invitation peronal. The management also hopes hat the gootf practice, once begun, vill not be permitted to slip into lesuetude. , J Monument to Be Unveiled. Longshore Camp, No. 541, Woodmen >f the World, will unveil a monument a memory of the late John W Hen[rix at (Trinity church January 10th at 2 o'clock noon. All the members oi ycngsi'.ore camp are requested to be resent at this service. Trie public is nvited. % .